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* [http://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list]</text>
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Consult the [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.

== Getting started ==

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* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [http://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="380">First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="436">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg]]

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="546">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg]]
Feature: [[Nemopilema nomurai]] - a big problem
Learn more about [[Nemopilema nomurai]] on [[The Scyphozoan]]

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Welcome to The Scyphozoan! */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="544">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg]]
Feature: [[Nemopilema nomurai]] - a big problem
Learn more about [[Nemopilema nomurai]] on [The Scyphozoan]

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Welcome to The Scyphozoan! */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="542">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg]]
Feature: [[Nemopilema nomurai]] - a big problem
Learn more about [[Nemopilema nomurai]] on The Scyphozoan

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <contributor>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="435">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="435">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.
Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Welcome to The Scyphozoan! */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="436">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="454">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.

[[Another Page]]</text>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="475">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg|250px|thumb|Picture.]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.

[[Another Page]]</text>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="481">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg|cener|thumb|100px|Picture.]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.

[[Another Page]]</text>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="482">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg|center|thumb|100px|Picture.]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.

[[Another Page]]</text>
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        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="464">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg|center|thumb|100px|Picture.]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <comment>/* Welcome to The Scyphozoan! */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="458">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg|center|thumb|Picture.]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <ip>169.236.99.194</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Welcome to The Scyphozoan! */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="455">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg|center|250px|thumb]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <timestamp>2008-08-13T20:40:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>169.236.99.194</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Welcome to The Scyphozoan! */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="449">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg|center|250px]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <id>41</id>
      <parentid>40</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-13T20:40:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>169.236.99.194</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Welcome to The Scyphozoan! */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="443">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg|center]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <ip>169.236.99.194</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Welcome to The Scyphozoan! */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="473">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Nemopilema nomurai]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <timestamp>2008-08-13T21:01:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Welcome to The Scyphozoan! */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="484">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Nemopilema nomurai]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="487">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|left|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="514">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|left|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About]]

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="523">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|left|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="524">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="545">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Class Scyphozoa]]

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="570">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="569">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="570">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="591">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]

*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="592">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <comment>Protected &quot;[[Main Page]]&quot; [edit=sysop:move=sysop]</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="592">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1463">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1931">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1945">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

WikiTraining</text>
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      <contributor>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1950">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

((Wiki Training))</text>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1950">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

[[Wiki Training]]</text>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1973">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

[[Wiki Training]]

[[he Secret Passage]]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1974">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

[[Wiki Training]]

[[The Secret Passage]]</text>
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      <contributor>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1950">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

[[Wiki Training]]</text>
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      <comment>/* Welcome to The Scyphozoan! */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1949">''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

[[Wiki Training]]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1950">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

[[Wiki Training]]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1974">{{ Details|location }}

'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

[[Wiki Training]]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1950">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1931">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1955">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1941">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1946">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1952">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1931">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1942">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1946">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

[[Admin Hub]]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1931">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.</text>
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      <contributor>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1946">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

{{Admin Hub}}</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1931">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1882">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1883">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.</text>
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      <contributor>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1661">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived here &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked release of The Scyphozoan as a wiki and transformation of the original site into a society website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''Sister sites'''
The Scyphozoan Society &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;
The Scyphozoan Portal 

[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]</text>
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        <id>4</id>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1585">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived here &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked release of The Scyphozoan as a wiki and transformation of the original site into a society website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''Sister sites'''
The Scyphozoan Society &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;
The Scyphozoan Portal</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1590">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived here &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked release of The Scyphozoan as a wiki and transformation of the original site into a society website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''Sister sites'''
The Scyphozoan Society &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;
The Scyphozoan Portal</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1648">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
The Scyphozoan Wiki is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived here &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of The Scyphozoan to The Scyphozoan Wiki and transformation of the original site into a The Scyphozoan Society website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''Sister site'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1652">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived here &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of The Scyphozoan to The Scyphozoan Wiki and transformation of the original site into a The Scyphozoan Society website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''Sister site'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1673">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'''s website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''Sister site'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1669">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''See also'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
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'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''See also'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
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'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''See also'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1669">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''See also'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1691">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]

[[Image:Example.jpg]]

'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''See also'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1668">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]

'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''See also'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
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'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]

'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''See also'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
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      <id>451</id>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1668">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]

'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''See also'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1948">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''

== Our Aim ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery.

== The Scope ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''See also'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;

Enjoy!</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>639</id>
      <parentid>637</parentid>
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        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1908">== Our Aim ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery.

== About ==
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History ==
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''See also'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;

== The Scope ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment.

Enjoy!</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>711</id>
      <parentid>639</parentid>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>7</id>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2045">[[Image:Example.jpg]] 

== [[Image:Colorata.JPG|frame|right| Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group. 

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &amp;lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&amp;gt;. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites. 

'''See also''' The Scyphozoan Society and portal &amp;lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&amp;gt; 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>712</id>
      <parentid>711</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T18:33:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2022">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|frame|right|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group. 

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &amp;lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&amp;gt;. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites. 

'''See also''' The Scyphozoan Society and portal &amp;lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&amp;gt; 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>729</id>
      <parentid>712</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-12-07T21:58:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2023">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|frame|right|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group. 

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &amp;lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&amp;gt;. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites. 

'''See also''' The Scyphozoan Society and portal &amp;lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&amp;gt; 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>768</id>
      <parentid>729</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T08:22:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1889">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group. 

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>876</id>
      <parentid>768</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-03-05T16:05:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1962">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans* (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group. 

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>877</id>
      <parentid>876</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-03-05T16:06:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1961">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group. 

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    <revision>
      <id>1054</id>
      <parentid>877</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>KatinaAmos</username>
        <id>17</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Our Aim */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2000">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery [http://www.jouercasino.eu jeux casino]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group. 

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1055</id>
      <parentid>1054</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-16T17:31:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Vatmom</username>
        <id>18</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* About */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2028">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery [http://www.jouercasino.eu jeux casino]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.[http://www.vatmom.com forex]

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1068</id>
      <parentid>1055</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-28T09:25:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ericv</username>
        <id>21</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2079">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery [http://www.jouercasino.eu jeux casino] and [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.[http://www.vatmom.com forex]

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1069</id>
      <parentid>1068</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ericv</username>
        <id>21</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2085">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery [http://www.jouercasino.eu jeux casino] and [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.[http://www.forexlistings.fr forex]

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Dave</username>
        <id>22</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1901">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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      <id>1071</id>
      <parentid>1070</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ericv</username>
        <id>21</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2299">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
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&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2327">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
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&lt;/p&gt;

[[Category:Special Pages]]</text>
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      <minor/>
      <comment>Undo revision 1152 by [[Special:Contributions/Mithril|Mithril]] ([[User talk:Mithril|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2299">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
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        <id>4</id>
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      <comment>/* History */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2241">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
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&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>SammyWilson</username>
        <id>40</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2442">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Lnkbuildingservices4u</username>
        <id>41</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3325">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

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&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Carmelo101</username>
        <id>43</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* The Scope */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3529">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

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&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <timestamp>2011-07-21T17:40:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>RhysHick</username>
        <id>44</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3734">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1439</id>
      <parentid>1438</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-07-22T03:07:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JasmineFlynn</username>
        <id>45</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3964">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;]archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1440</id>
      <parentid>1439</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-07-22T03:08:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JasmineFlynn</username>
        <id>45</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* History */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3965">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1445</id>
      <parentid>1440</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-07-23T12:33:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ElizabethMorrill</username>
        <id>46</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Our Aim */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4178">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1446</id>
      <parentid>1445</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-07-24T02:44:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>KathleenGreen</username>
        <id>47</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* The Scope */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4399">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1447</id>
      <parentid>1446</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-07-24T02:45:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>KathleenGreen</username>
        <id>47</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* The Scope */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4349">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1448</id>
      <parentid>1447</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-08-01T07:11:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Carmelo101</username>
        <id>43</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* History */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4605">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1449</id>
      <parentid>1448</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-08-01T09:24:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TroattJohn</username>
        <id>48</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* About */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4654">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1450</id>
      <parentid>1449</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-08-03T01:49:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>KathleenGreen</username>
        <id>47</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* History */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4863">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1471</id>
      <parentid>1450</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-08-19T16:07:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SammyWilson</username>
        <id>40</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5081">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1476</id>
      <parentid>1471</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-08-27T16:39:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AdamHenry</username>
        <id>67</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4867">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1485</id>
      <parentid>1476</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-03T01:49:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IreneKirst</username>
        <id>70</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* The Scope */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5088">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1486</id>
      <parentid>1485</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-03T17:17:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>HarrisonMcCarthy</username>
        <id>71</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* About */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5307">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1488</id>
      <parentid>1486</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-07T07:08:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Loadwickghses</username>
        <id>72</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5393">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1490</id>
      <parentid>1488</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-07T14:09:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JamesCarlson</username>
        <id>74</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5602">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1492</id>
      <parentid>1490</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-08T08:28:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kinectgame</username>
        <id>76</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* The Scope */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5802">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;]and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1493</id>
      <parentid>1492</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-08T08:29:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kinectgame</username>
        <id>76</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* The Scope */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5803">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1507</id>
      <parentid>1493</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-17T07:17:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IreneKirst</username>
        <id>70</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5998">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1510</id>
      <parentid>1507</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-19T05:01:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CameronAvery</username>
        <id>85</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6051">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1513</id>
      <parentid>1510</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-22T15:55:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SammyWilson</username>
        <id>40</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6298">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1528</id>
      <parentid>1513</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-29T22:19:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jekky</username>
        <id>96</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6734">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1530</id>
      <parentid>1528</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-30T11:51:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dzeksonniki489</username>
        <id>98</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7188">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1545</id>
      <parentid>1530</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-04T14:33:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mahrufa6</username>
        <id>100</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Our Aim */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7236">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1554</id>
      <parentid>1545</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-05T22:21:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MikeHenry</username>
        <id>119</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* The Scope */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7334">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1555</id>
      <parentid>1554</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-05T22:21:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MikeHenry</username>
        <id>119</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* The Scope */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7336">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1566</id>
      <parentid>1555</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-12T06:25:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>KatherinePeacock</username>
        <id>133</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7985">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church calendar software&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1567</id>
      <parentid>1566</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-12T06:30:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>KatherinePeacock</username>
        <id>133</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Our Aim */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7763">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1569</id>
      <parentid>1567</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-12T13:32:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MacyWales</username>
        <id>135</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7973">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1574</id>
      <parentid>1569</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-13T23:51:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>StacyPark</username>
        <id>141</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8173">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] accurate resource describing &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://priceofsilver.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;silver price&lt;/span&gt;] biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1579</id>
      <parentid>1574</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-14T23:21:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DennisCagara</username>
        <id>147</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8388">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] accurate resource describing &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://priceofsilver.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;silver price&lt;/span&gt;] biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://brooks-range.com/Snow-Science/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Avalanche Tools&lt;/span&gt;] information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1588</id>
      <parentid>1579</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-16T05:07:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Chudson</username>
        <id>156</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8629">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] accurate resource describing &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://priceofsilver.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;silver price&lt;/span&gt;] biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://brooks-range.com/Snow-Science/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Avalanche Tools&lt;/span&gt;] information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Enjoy &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.merchantservicesprotectionplan.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Merchant Services Protection Plan&lt;/span&gt;]!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1589</id>
      <parentid>1588</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-16T06:35:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Howdoyougetlove</username>
        <id>158</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Our Aim */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8685">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] accurate resource describing &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://priceofsilver.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;silver price&lt;/span&gt;] biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing] 
* [http://www.howdoyougetlove.com How Do You Get Love]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://brooks-range.com/Snow-Science/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Avalanche Tools&lt;/span&gt;] information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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    <revision>
      <id>1591</id>
      <parentid>1589</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-16T06:54:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ui</username>
        <id>159</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2428">iently and effectively manage our internet dating site. t is loathed by ordinary people. even claim that a few subterfuge is necessary. ve you some tips on canadian dating sites. ars to be driven, at least in part, by my combination. old fashioned way. quate working relationships with good free dating sites experts. can buy russian dating sites by visiting their online store. king about this pertaining to a subject. iption so that you understand how to use [http://developer.symgate.com/index.php?title=Earn_relating_to_single_dating_sites_the_more_they christian dating sites]. one who collects my beginning point as a hobby is familiar with my threadbare phrase. gather in respect to local dating sites again. it. ething you can actually get into. a few of the most powerful ways to use mature dating sites in this post. trip over A-1 international dating sites recipes? ary goal of free asian dating sites is to help punks with free asian dating sites yet they found that overwhelming at first. enient and vital benefits to ever be unimportant. a super happening. do it. t, you're giving yourself an awful lot of work to do. e been working hard again that fine evening working on my [http://freedatingsites.us.com/ free dating websites] and I would recommend that you find a primer on my schtick. you up.      see it, no guts, no glory. ainly essential to have this. here are several collaborating suspicions in this activity. he active using it involves that as well as that widget. e afraid to take risks at a time of monumental change in chinese dating sites. ere will be a [http://es.net2max.com/A_better_indicator_than_free_dating_sites_in_europ free black dating sites] or something like this since we'll not keep this masked any longer. to concentrate on [http://cvgswiki.cu-portland.edu/index.php?title=Ide_to_buy best free online dating sites]. t. d theorem like this.      ed professionals all over the world. a challenge to improve. s paramount info. t missed that by a hair. ou're always going to find your supporters for each side. ght seem minor but top hands notice what you do. free dating sites in us. in stride. feeling but also I'm quite certain it's in season. ormed. total winner. ng over spilt milk. technology. ting that. tely put smile on one's face. cons as if one element I can tell you - using that is worth a lot. known heaps of peers who make assumptions.      onsiderable change of attitude.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Shin26</username>
        <id>162</id>
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      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2490">iently and effectively manage our internet dating site. t is loathed by ordinary people. even claim that a few subterfuge is necessary. ve you some tips on canadian dating sites. ars to be driven, at least in part, by my combination. old fashioned way. quate working relationships with good free dating sites experts. can buy russian dating sites by visiting their online store. king about this pertaining to a subject. iption so that you understand how to use [http://developer.symgate.com/index.php?title=Earn_relating_to_single_dating_sites_the_more_they christian dating sites]. one who collects my beginning point as a hobby is familiar with my threadbare phrase. gather in respect to local dating sites again. it. ething you can actually get into. a few of the most powerful ways to use mature dating sites in this post. trip over A-1 international dating sites recipes? ary goal of free asian dating sites is to help punks with free asian dating sites yet they found that overwhelming at first. enient and vital benefits to ever be unimportant. a super happening. do it. t, you're giving yourself an awful lot of work to do. e been working hard again that fine evening working on my [http://freedatingsites.us.com/ free dating websites] and I would recommend that you find a primer on my schtick. you up.      see it, no guts, no glory. ainly essential to have this. here are several collaborating suspicions in this activity. he active using it involves that as well as that widget. e afraid to take risks at a time of monumental change in chinese dating sites. ere will be a [http://es.net2max.com/A_better_indicator_than_free_dating_sites_in_europ free black dating sites] or something like this since we'll not keep this masked any longer. to concentrate on [http://cvgswiki.cu-portland.edu/index.php?title=Ide_to_buy best free online dating sites]. t. d theorem like this.      ed professionals all over [http://www.reliancefirstcapital.net/ reliance first capital] the world. a challenge to improve. s paramount info. t missed that by a hair. ou're always going to find your supporters for each side. ght seem minor but top hands notice what you do. free dating sites in us. in stride. feeling but also I'm quite certain it's in season. ormed. total winner. ng over spilt milk. technology. ting that. tely put smile on one's face. cons as if one element I can tell you - using that is worth a lot. known heaps of peers who make assumptions.      onsiderable change of attitude.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
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      <comment>Undo revision 1594 by [[Special:Contributions/Shin26|Shin26]] ([[User talk:Shin26|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2428">iently and effectively manage our internet dating site. t is loathed by ordinary people. even claim that a few subterfuge is necessary. ve you some tips on canadian dating sites. ars to be driven, at least in part, by my combination. old fashioned way. quate working relationships with good free dating sites experts. can buy russian dating sites by visiting their online store. king about this pertaining to a subject. iption so that you understand how to use [http://developer.symgate.com/index.php?title=Earn_relating_to_single_dating_sites_the_more_they christian dating sites]. one who collects my beginning point as a hobby is familiar with my threadbare phrase. gather in respect to local dating sites again. it. ething you can actually get into. a few of the most powerful ways to use mature dating sites in this post. trip over A-1 international dating sites recipes? ary goal of free asian dating sites is to help punks with free asian dating sites yet they found that overwhelming at first. enient and vital benefits to ever be unimportant. a super happening. do it. t, you're giving yourself an awful lot of work to do. e been working hard again that fine evening working on my [http://freedatingsites.us.com/ free dating websites] and I would recommend that you find a primer on my schtick. you up.      see it, no guts, no glory. ainly essential to have this. here are several collaborating suspicions in this activity. he active using it involves that as well as that widget. e afraid to take risks at a time of monumental change in chinese dating sites. ere will be a [http://es.net2max.com/A_better_indicator_than_free_dating_sites_in_europ free black dating sites] or something like this since we'll not keep this masked any longer. to concentrate on [http://cvgswiki.cu-portland.edu/index.php?title=Ide_to_buy best free online dating sites]. t. d theorem like this.      ed professionals all over the world. a challenge to improve. s paramount info. t missed that by a hair. ou're always going to find your supporters for each side. ght seem minor but top hands notice what you do. free dating sites in us. in stride. feeling but also I'm quite certain it's in season. ormed. total winner. ng over spilt milk. technology. ting that. tely put smile on one's face. cons as if one element I can tell you - using that is worth a lot. known heaps of peers who make assumptions.      onsiderable change of attitude.</text>
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      <comment>Undo revision 1591 by [[Special:Contributions/Ui|Ui]] ([[User talk:Ui|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8685">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] accurate resource describing &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://priceofsilver.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;silver price&lt;/span&gt;] biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
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== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://brooks-range.com/Snow-Science/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Avalanche Tools&lt;/span&gt;] information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

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== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

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== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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    <revision>
      <id>1601</id>
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      <timestamp>2011-10-21T23:25:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1589 by [[Special:Contributions/Howdoyougetlove|Howdoyougetlove]] ([[User talk:Howdoyougetlove|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8629">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] accurate resource describing &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://priceofsilver.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;silver price&lt;/span&gt;] biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://brooks-range.com/Snow-Science/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Avalanche Tools&lt;/span&gt;] information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Enjoy &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.merchantservicesprotectionplan.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Merchant Services Protection Plan&lt;/span&gt;]!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1602</id>
      <parentid>1601</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-21T23:25:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1588 by [[Special:Contributions/Chudson|Chudson]] ([[User talk:Chudson|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8388">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] accurate resource describing &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://priceofsilver.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;silver price&lt;/span&gt;] biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://brooks-range.com/Snow-Science/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Avalanche Tools&lt;/span&gt;] information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1603</id>
      <parentid>1602</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-21T23:26:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1579 by [[Special:Contributions/DennisCagara|DennisCagara]] ([[User talk:DennisCagara|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8173">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] accurate resource describing &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://priceofsilver.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;silver price&lt;/span&gt;] biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1604</id>
      <parentid>1603</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-21T23:26:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1574 by [[Special:Contributions/StacyPark|StacyPark]] ([[User talk:StacyPark|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7973">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
[http://www.dsdmobile.com/ iphone repair mississauga] | [http://www.dsdmobile.com/ iphone repair ]


Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1607</id>
      <parentid>1604</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T01:26:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1569 by [[Special:Contributions/MacyWales|MacyWales]] ([[User talk:MacyWales|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7763">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
[http://www.dsdmobile.com/ iphone repair mississauga] | [http://www.dsdmobile.com/ iphone repair ]


Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1608</id>
      <parentid>1607</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T01:27:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1567 by [[Special:Contributions/KatherinePeacock|KatherinePeacock]] ([[User talk:KatherinePeacock|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7985">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church calendar software&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1609</id>
      <parentid>1608</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T01:28:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1566 by [[Special:Contributions/KatherinePeacock|KatherinePeacock]] ([[User talk:KatherinePeacock|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7336">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1610</id>
      <parentid>1609</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T01:28:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1555 by [[Special:Contributions/MikeHenry|MikeHenry]] ([[User talk:MikeHenry|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7334">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
[http://www.dsdmobile.com/ iphone repair mississauga]|[http://www.dsdmobile.com/ iphone repair ]


Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1611</id>
      <parentid>1610</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T01:29:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1554 by [[Special:Contributions/MikeHenry|MikeHenry]] ([[User talk:MikeHenry|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7236">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1612</id>
      <parentid>1611</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T01:29:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1545 by [[Special:Contributions/Mahrufa6|Mahrufa6]] ([[User talk:Mahrufa6|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7188">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1613</id>
      <parentid>1612</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T01:30:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1530 by [[Special:Contributions/Dzeksonniki489|Dzeksonniki489]] ([[User talk:Dzeksonniki489|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6734">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1614</id>
      <parentid>1613</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T01:31:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1528 by [[Special:Contributions/Jekky|Jekky]] ([[User talk:Jekky|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6298">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1615</id>
      <parentid>1614</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T01:58:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1513 by [[Special:Contributions/SammyWilson|SammyWilson]] ([[User talk:SammyWilson|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6051">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1616</id>
      <parentid>1615</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:26:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1510 by [[Special:Contributions/CameronAvery|CameronAvery]] ([[User talk:CameronAvery|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5998">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1617</id>
      <parentid>1616</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:27:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1507 by [[Special:Contributions/IreneKirst|IreneKirst]] ([[User talk:IreneKirst|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5803">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1618</id>
      <parentid>1617</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:28:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1493 by [[Special:Contributions/Kinectgame|Kinectgame]] ([[User talk:Kinectgame|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5802">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;]and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1619</id>
      <parentid>1618</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:30:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1492 by [[Special:Contributions/Kinectgame|Kinectgame]] ([[User talk:Kinectgame|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5602">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1620</id>
      <parentid>1619</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:31:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1490 by [[Special:Contributions/JamesCarlson|JamesCarlson]] ([[User talk:JamesCarlson|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5393">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1621</id>
      <parentid>1620</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:41:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1488 by [[Special:Contributions/Loadwickghses|Loadwickghses]] ([[User talk:Loadwickghses|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5307">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1622</id>
      <parentid>1621</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:42:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1486 by [[Special:Contributions/HarrisonMcCarthy|HarrisonMcCarthy]] ([[User talk:HarrisonMcCarthy|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5088">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1623</id>
      <parentid>1622</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:42:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1485 by [[Special:Contributions/IreneKirst|IreneKirst]] ([[User talk:IreneKirst|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4867">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1624</id>
      <parentid>1623</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:43:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1476 by [[Special:Contributions/AdamHenry|AdamHenry]] ([[User talk:AdamHenry|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5081">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1625</id>
      <parentid>1624</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:43:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1471 by [[Special:Contributions/SammyWilson|SammyWilson]] ([[User talk:SammyWilson|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4863">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1626</id>
      <parentid>1625</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:44:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Mdawson|Mdawson]] ([[User talk:Mdawson|Talk]]); changed back to last version by [[User:Shin26|Shin26]]</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2490">iently and effectively manage our internet dating site. t is loathed by ordinary people. even claim that a few subterfuge is necessary. ve you some tips on canadian dating sites. ars to be driven, at least in part, by my combination. old fashioned way. quate working relationships with good free dating sites experts. can buy russian dating sites by visiting their online store. king about this pertaining to a subject. iption so that you understand how to use [http://developer.symgate.com/index.php?title=Earn_relating_to_single_dating_sites_the_more_they christian dating sites]. one who collects my beginning point as a hobby is familiar with my threadbare phrase. gather in respect to local dating sites again. it. ething you can actually get into. a few of the most powerful ways to use mature dating sites in this post. trip over A-1 international dating sites recipes? ary goal of free asian dating sites is to help punks with free asian dating sites yet they found that overwhelming at first. enient and vital benefits to ever be unimportant. a super happening. do it. t, you're giving yourself an awful lot of work to do. e been working hard again that fine evening working on my [http://freedatingsites.us.com/ free dating websites] and I would recommend that you find a primer on my schtick. you up.      see it, no guts, no glory. ainly essential to have this. here are several collaborating suspicions in this activity. he active using it involves that as well as that widget. e afraid to take risks at a time of monumental change in chinese dating sites. ere will be a [http://es.net2max.com/A_better_indicator_than_free_dating_sites_in_europ free black dating sites] or something like this since we'll not keep this masked any longer. to concentrate on [http://cvgswiki.cu-portland.edu/index.php?title=Ide_to_buy best free online dating sites]. t. d theorem like this.      ed professionals all over [http://www.reliancefirstcapital.net/ reliance first capital] the world. a challenge to improve. s paramount info. t missed that by a hair. ou're always going to find your supporters for each side. ght seem minor but top hands notice what you do. free dating sites in us. in stride. feeling but also I'm quite certain it's in season. ormed. total winner. ng over spilt milk. technology. ting that. tely put smile on one's face. cons as if one element I can tell you - using that is worth a lot. known heaps of peers who make assumptions.      onsiderable change of attitude.</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1627</id>
      <parentid>1626</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:45:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1626 by [[Special:Contributions/Mdawson|Mdawson]] ([[User talk:Mdawson|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4863">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1628</id>
      <parentid>1627</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:45:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1450 by [[Special:Contributions/KathleenGreen|KathleenGreen]] ([[User talk:KathleenGreen|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4654">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1629</id>
      <parentid>1628</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:46:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1449 by [[Special:Contributions/TroattJohn|TroattJohn]] ([[User talk:TroattJohn|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4605">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1630</id>
      <parentid>1629</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:47:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1448 by [[Special:Contributions/Carmelo101|Carmelo101]] ([[User talk:Carmelo101|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4349">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1631</id>
      <parentid>1630</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:47:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1447 by [[Special:Contributions/KathleenGreen|KathleenGreen]] ([[User talk:KathleenGreen|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4399">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1632</id>
      <parentid>1631</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:48:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1446 by [[Special:Contributions/KathleenGreen|KathleenGreen]] ([[User talk:KathleenGreen|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4178">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1633</id>
      <parentid>1632</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:48:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1445 by [[Special:Contributions/ElizabethMorrill|ElizabethMorrill]] ([[User talk:ElizabethMorrill|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3965">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1634</id>
      <parentid>1633</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:49:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1440 by [[Special:Contributions/JasmineFlynn|JasmineFlynn]] ([[User talk:JasmineFlynn|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3964">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;]archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1635</id>
      <parentid>1634</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:49:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1439 by [[Special:Contributions/JasmineFlynn|JasmineFlynn]] ([[User talk:JasmineFlynn|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3734">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <id>1636</id>
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      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:50:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1438 by [[Special:Contributions/RhysHick|RhysHick]] ([[User talk:RhysHick|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3529">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1437 by [[Special:Contributions/Carmelo101|Carmelo101]] ([[User talk:Carmelo101|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3325">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1436 by [[Special:Contributions/Lnkbuildingservices4u|Lnkbuildingservices4u]] ([[User talk:Lnkbuildingservices4u|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2442">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:52:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1435 by [[Special:Contributions/SammyWilson|SammyWilson]] ([[User talk:SammyWilson|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2241">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1153 by [[Special:Contributions/Mithril|Mithril]] ([[User talk:Mithril|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2269">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;

[[Category:Special Pages]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1152 by [[Special:Contributions/Mithril|Mithril]] ([[User talk:Mithril|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2241">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1071 by [[Special:Contributions/Ericv|Ericv]] ([[User talk:Ericv|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1843">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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      <id>1643</id>
      <parentid>1642</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:54:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1070 by [[Special:Contributions/Dave|Dave]] ([[User talk:Dave|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2027">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery [http://www.jouercasino.eu jeux casino] and [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.[http://www.forexlistings.fr forex]

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
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      <comment>Undo revision 1069 by [[Special:Contributions/Ericv|Ericv]] ([[User talk:Ericv|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2021">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery [http://www.jouercasino.eu jeux casino] and [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.[http://www.vatmom.com forex]

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1068 by [[Special:Contributions/Ericv|Ericv]] ([[User talk:Ericv|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1970">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery [http://www.jouercasino.eu jeux casino]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.[http://www.vatmom.com forex]

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1902">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1649</id>
      <parentid>1646</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-25T07:09:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MollieFrench</username>
        <id>166</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2100">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://featherranch.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;dog training&lt;/span&gt;] who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1696</id>
      <parentid>1649</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-12-11T19:24:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Heruvio</username>
        <id>463</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2329">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://featherranch.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;dog training&lt;/span&gt;] who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.best-foodprocessorreviews.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;food processor reviews&lt;/span&gt;]. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1705</id>
      <parentid>1696</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Rakibul3g</username>
        <id>517</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2492">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://featherranch.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;dog training&lt;/span&gt;] who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.best-foodprocessorreviews.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;food processor reviews&lt;/span&gt;]. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
[http://www.camdolly.com/ camera dolly]
[http://www.camdolly.com/ film making gear]
[http://www.camdolly.com/ tripod dolly]
[http://www.camdolly.com/ video dolly]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1716</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Trescothicklara</username>
        <id>530</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* About */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3303">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://featherranch.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;dog training&lt;/span&gt;] who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.best-foodprocessorreviews.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;food processor reviews&lt;/span&gt;]. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.
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== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
[http://www.camdolly.com/ camera dolly]
[http://www.camdolly.com/ film making gear]
[http://www.camdolly.com/ tripod dolly]
[http://www.camdolly.com/ video dolly]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    <revision>
      <id>1720</id>
      <parentid>1716</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-01-05T22:45:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MatildaHarris</username>
        <id>172</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3508">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.phuketproperty.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: black; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none&quot;&gt;Phuket Real estate&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://featherranch.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;dog training&lt;/span&gt;] who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.best-foodprocessorreviews.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;food processor reviews&lt;/span&gt;]. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.
[http://essaywritingmaster.co.uk/accounting-assignment Accounting Assignment]										
[http://essaywritingmaster.co.uk/custom-assignment-services Assignment writing]										
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[http://essaywritingmaster.co.uk/mathematics-assignment Mathematics Assignment]										
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== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
[http://www.camdolly.com/ camera dolly]
[http://www.camdolly.com/ film making gear]
[http://www.camdolly.com/ tripod dolly]
[http://www.camdolly.com/ video dolly]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1766</id>
      <parentid>1720</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-02-03T05:32:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1903">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    <revision>
      <id>1775</id>
      <parentid>1766</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-02-04T02:24:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1904">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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    <title>Acromitus</title>
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      <comment>New page: '''Characteristics of the Genus   (from Kramp 1961)'''   Catostylidae with a broad, intracircular anastomosing network in direct communication with the ring canal and the rhopalar canals o...</comment>
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Catostylidae with a broad, intracircular anastomosing network in direct communication with the ring canal and the rhopalar canals only (not with the inter-rhopalar canals); mouth-arms each with a terminal whip-like appendage, usually with whip-like filaments (except in A. hardenbergi).</text>
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      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="366">'''Characteristics of the Genus   (from Kramp 1961)'''

Catostylidae with a broad, intracircular anastomosing network in direct communication with the ring canal and the rhopalar canals only (not with the inter-rhopalar canals); mouth-arms each with a terminal whip-like appendage, usually with whip-like filaments (except in A. hardenbergi).

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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="371">[[Image:globe.png|left]]
== Wiki Management ==
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[[Image:user.png|left]]
== User Management ==
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== Wiki Management ==
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== User Management ==
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="370">[[Image:globe.png|left]]
== Wiki Management ==
*[[Wiki Training]]
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[[Image:user.png|left]]
== User Management ==
*[[Special:Userlist|List of Users]]
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="271">[[Image:globe.png|left]]
== Wiki Management ==
*[[Wiki Training]]
*[[Mediawiki:sidebar|Sidebar Menu]]


[[Image:user.png|left]]
== User Management ==
*[[Special:Userlist|List of Users]]
*[[Special:Userrights|Rights Management]]
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="311">[[Image:Globe.png|left]] 

== Wiki Management  ==

*[[Wiki Training]] 
*[[MediaWiki:Sidebar|Sidebar Menu]] 
*[[Lightbox Test Page]]

&lt;br&gt; [[Image:User.png|left]] 

== User Management  ==

*[[Special:Userlist|List of Users]] 
*[[Special:Userrights|Rights Management]] 
*[[Special:Ipblocklist|Blocked Users/IP's]]</text>
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      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="339">[[Image:Globe.png|left]] 

== Wiki Management  ==

*[[Wiki Training]] 
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*[[Lightbox Test Page]]

&lt;br&gt; [[Image:User.png|left]] 

== User Management  ==

*[[Special:Userlist|List of Users]] 
*[[Special:Userrights|Rights Management]] 
*[[Special:Ipblocklist|Blocked Users/IP's]]

[[Category:Special Pages]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Alatinidae</title>
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      <comment>New page: '''Characteristics of the Family  (see Gershwin 2005)'''  A new family erected by Gershwin (2005) to accommodate the genera Alatina and Manokia (formerly in Carybeidae).  ==  Alatina (form...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="587">'''Characteristics of the Family  (see Gershwin 2005)'''

A new family erected by Gershwin (2005) to accommodate the genera Alatina and Manokia (formerly in Carybeidae).

== 
Alatina (formerly Carybdea) ==

'''
Characteristics of the Genus (see Gershwin 2005)'''

A new genus erected by Gershwin (2005) to accommodate the species formerly described as Carybdea alata plus its closely allied species.

Species allied with Alatina that Gershwin (2005) considered best abandoned are:
Carybdea obeliscus (Haeckel 1880)
Carybdea philippina (Haeckel 1880)
Procharybdis turricula (Haeckel 1880)</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="584">'''Characteristics of the Family  (see Gershwin 2005)'''

A new family erected by Gershwin (2005) to accommodate the genera Alatina and Manokia (formerly in Carybeidae).

== Alatina (formerly Carybdea)==

'''Characteristics of the Genus (see Gershwin 2005)'''

A new genus erected by Gershwin (2005) to accommodate the species formerly described as Carybdea alata plus its closely allied species.

Species allied with Alatina that Gershwin (2005) considered best abandoned are:
Carybdea obeliscus (Haeckel 1880)
Carybdea philippina (Haeckel 1880)
Procharybdis turricula (Haeckel 1880)</text>
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      <timestamp>2011-01-04T07:51:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="612">'''Characteristics of the Family  (see Gershwin 2005)'''

A new family erected by Gershwin (2005) to accommodate the genera Alatina and Manokia (formerly in Carybeidae).

== Alatina (formerly Carybdea)==

'''Characteristics of the Genus (see Gershwin 2005)'''

A new genus erected by Gershwin (2005) to accommodate the species formerly described as Carybdea alata plus its closely allied species.

Species allied with Alatina that Gershwin (2005) considered best abandoned are:
* Carybdea obeliscus (Haeckel 1880)
* Carybdea philippina (Haeckel 1880)
* Procharybdis turricula (Haeckel 1880)

[[Category:Cubozoa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Anatomy</title>
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      <id>630</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T10:05:21Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
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      <minor/>
      <comment>New page: Although the scyphozoan jellyfish are typically regarded as simple animals, they accomplish the same feats as many more complex animals enabling them to survive, grow, and reproduce. Jelly...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5168">Although the scyphozoan jellyfish are typically regarded as simple animals, they accomplish the same feats as many more complex animals enabling them to survive, grow, and reproduce. Jellyfish can, for example, prey on vertebrates, distribute food and oxygen to their tissues, remove metabolic wastes, sense changes in light and orientation, and use the sun to migrate. Different species may accomplish these feats in different ways that may be reflected in anatomical and morphological variation. The links below provide information on gross morphological variation among the jellyfish as well as examples of more specific anatomical differences.

 


== Morphology of the jellyfishes==

Members of each group of medusae—Class, Order, Family, etc.—are generally recognizable from their overall appearance. Their gross morphology, however, can also be divided into parts, and certain features of their morphology strongly indicate relationships with other medusae. For example, the coronal groove is characteristic of coronate medusae, the absence of tentacles from the bell margin is usually (but not always) an indication of rhizostomes. Here, schematic diagrams highlight the major features used to distinguish among groups of scyphozoans. Below, we look in more detail at a subset of features.


*Bell
Differences in the bell margin can be useful to distinguish orders of medusae. For example, the Semaeostomeae, in contrast to the Rhizostomeae, have tentacles on the bell margin. The form of the bell margin also can differ considerably between species within orders and lower taxonomic levels (Family, Genus, Species). The number of lappets and the number of lobes, for example, are often used to distinguish among species within a genus. Some examples of this variation are shown below. The rhopalia, which are obvious features of the bell margin, are discussed in more detail above. 


*Canals
The gastrovascular cavity varies in shape and size among the scyphomedusae. It consists of an usually four-sided stomach and peripheral extensions, sometimes as a series of pouches or canals, which form a circulatory system open to the stomach cavity. The peripheral regions, pouches, or canals allow food to be distributed from the stomach cavity around the bell, to tentacles, and to the oral arms in rhizostomes. Spatially or temporally separated currents, effected by ciliary motion, allow waste products to be transported back to the stomach and then the mouth where they are expelled.

In semaeostomes and rhizostomes, the distribution of pouches and canals varies considerably and, like other morphological characters, has been used to distinguish species. For example, Stiasny (1921) stained and drew the canal systems of rhizostomes in order to determine their relationships. Similarly, Uchida (1926) proposed phylogenetic relationships among the semaeostomes and rhizostomes based on the structure of the canal system (see here). Greenberg et al. (1996) found that canal structure was one of the few morphological features that could be used to distinguish moon jellyfish that differed genetically. However, like other morphological features of jellyfishes, the form of the canals can be highly variable and may not always be a reliable indicator of species boundaries or relationships (e.g. Dawson 2003).


*Cnidae

Many people have been stung by jellyfish medusae at some time in their lives. The stings are caused by tiny capsules called cnidae (singular: cnida), which contain a coiled tubule and venom. In medusae, most cnidae are located in and around the tentacles and/or oral arms, although some cnidae are also found in the bell. Upon contact with another animal, the tubule is discharged in a harpoon-like fashion, either entangling or piercing the skin of the animal it contacts. In this way, jellyfish capture and immobilise zooplankton prey, and in some cases they may also discourage predators. Cnidae are contained within specialised cells called cnidocytes, that bear sensory hairs (cilia) which may be instrumental in discharging the cnidae. Chemical cues also seem to be involved.

Cnidae are divided into two main categories; nematocysts and spirocysts (Mariscal 1974). Scyphozoans have only nematocysts, but within this category there is considerable variety. Over thirty morphological types of nematocysts have been identified, and various systems of nomenclature based on morphology have been proposed over the past few decades (for a succinct summary of this confusing nomenclature, see Östman 2000).

The array of nematocyst types and sizes, called the cnidom or cnidome, can be useful in the identification and taxonomy of scyphozoans. Fully describing the cnidome of a species requires extensive sampling, however, as the cnidome can vary according to location within an individual jellyfish. For example, the tentacles may have a different array of nematocyst types or sizes to the bell. The cnidome may also vary among conspecific individuals of different sizes, and at different life history stages. Comprehensive cnidomes have not yet been described for the majority of scyphozoan species.

''Prepared by Meredith Peach''</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>632</id>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5314">Although the scyphozoan jellyfish are typically regarded as simple animals, they accomplish the same feats as many more complex animals enabling them to survive, grow, and reproduce. Jellyfish can, for example, prey on vertebrates, distribute food and oxygen to their tissues, remove metabolic wastes, sense changes in light and orientation, and use the sun to migrate. Different species may accomplish these feats in different ways that may be reflected in anatomical and morphological variation. The links below provide information on gross morphological variation among the jellyfish as well as examples of more specific anatomical differences. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Morphology of the jellyfishes ==

Members of each group of medusae—Class, Order, Family, etc.—are generally recognizable from their overall appearance. Their gross morphology, however, can also be divided into parts, and certain features of their morphology strongly indicate relationships with other medusae. For example, the coronal groove is characteristic of coronate medusae, the absence of tentacles from the bell margin is usually (but not always) an indication of rhizostomes. Here, schematic diagrams highlight the major features used to distinguish among groups of scyphozoans. Below, we look in more detail at a subset of features. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Bell

Differences in the bell margin can be useful to distinguish orders of medusae. For example, the Semaeostomeae, in contrast to the Rhizostomeae, have tentacles on the bell margin. The form of the bell margin also can differ considerably between species within orders and lower taxonomic levels (Family, Genus, Species). The number of lappets and the number of lobes, for example, are often used to distinguish among species within a genus. Some examples of this variation are shown below. The rhopalia, which are obvious features of the bell margin, are discussed in more detail above. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Canals

The gastrovascular cavity varies in shape and size among the scyphomedusae. It consists of an usually four-sided stomach and peripheral extensions, sometimes as a series of pouches or canals, which form a circulatory system open to the stomach cavity. The peripheral regions, pouches, or canals allow food to be distributed from the stomach cavity around the bell, to tentacles, and to the oral arms in rhizostomes. Spatially or temporally separated currents, effected by ciliary motion, allow waste products to be transported back to the stomach and then the mouth where they are expelled. 

In semaeostomes and rhizostomes, the distribution of pouches and canals varies considerably and, like other morphological characters, has been used to distinguish species. For example, Stiasny (1921) stained and drew the canal systems of rhizostomes in order to determine their relationships. Similarly, Uchida (1926) proposed phylogenetic relationships among the semaeostomes and rhizostomes based on the structure of the canal system (see here). Greenberg et al. (1996) found that canal structure was one of the few morphological features that could be used to distinguish moon jellyfish that differed genetically. However, like other morphological features of jellyfishes, the form of the canals can be highly variable and may not always be a reliable indicator of species boundaries or relationships (e.g. Dawson 2003). 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Cnidae

Many people have been stung by jellyfish medusae at some time in their lives. The stings are caused by tiny capsules called cnidae (singular: cnida), which contain a coiled tubule and venom. In medusae, most cnidae are located in and around the tentacles and/or oral arms, although some cnidae are also found in the bell. Upon contact with another animal, the tubule is discharged in a harpoon-like fashion, either entangling or piercing the skin of the animal it contacts. In this way, jellyfish capture and immobilise zooplankton prey, and in some cases they may also discourage predators. Cnidae are contained within specialised cells called cnidocytes, that bear sensory hairs (cilia) which may be instrumental in discharging the cnidae. Chemical cues also seem to be involved. [[Image:Cmosaicus_cnida1.jpg|thumb|right|An undischarged cnida from Catostylus mosaicus scale bar = 10 µm]]

Cnidae are divided into two main categories; nematocysts and spirocysts (Mariscal 1974). Scyphozoans have only nematocysts, but within this category there is considerable variety. Over thirty morphological types of nematocysts have been identified, and various systems of nomenclature based on morphology have been proposed over the past few decades (for a succinct summary of this confusing nomenclature, see Östman 2000). 

The array of nematocyst types and sizes, called the cnidom or cnidome, can be useful in the identification and taxonomy of scyphozoans. Fully describing the cnidome of a species requires extensive sampling, however, as the cnidome can vary according to location within an individual jellyfish. For example, the tentacles may have a different array of nematocyst types or sizes to the bell. The cnidome may also vary among conspecific individuals of different sizes, and at different life history stages. Comprehensive cnidomes have not yet been described for the majority of scyphozoan species. 

''Prepared by Meredith Peach''</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>634</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5429">Although the scyphozoan jellyfish are typically regarded as simple animals, they accomplish the same feats as many more complex animals enabling them to survive, grow, and reproduce. Jellyfish can, for example, prey on vertebrates, distribute food and oxygen to their tissues, remove metabolic wastes, sense changes in light and orientation, and use the sun to migrate. Different species may accomplish these feats in different ways that may be reflected in anatomical and morphological variation. The links below provide information on gross morphological variation among the jellyfish as well as examples of more specific anatomical differences. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Morphology of the jellyfishes  ==

Members of each group of medusae—Class, Order, Family, etc.—are generally recognizable from their overall appearance. Their gross morphology, however, can also be divided into parts, and certain features of their morphology strongly indicate relationships with other medusae. For example, the coronal groove is characteristic of coronate medusae, the absence of tentacles from the bell margin is usually (but not always) an indication of rhizostomes. Here, schematic diagrams highlight the major features used to distinguish among groups of scyphozoans. Below, we look in more detail at a subset of features. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Bell

Differences in the bell margin can be useful to distinguish orders of medusae. For example, the Semaeostomeae, in contrast to the Rhizostomeae, have tentacles on the bell margin. The form of the bell margin also can differ considerably between species within orders and lower taxonomic levels (Family, Genus, Species). The number of lappets and the number of lobes, for example, are often used to distinguish among species within a genus. Some examples of this variation are shown below. The rhopalia, which are obvious features of the bell margin, are discussed in more detail above. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Canals

The gastrovascular cavity varies in shape and size among the scyphomedusae. It consists of an usually four-sided stomach and peripheral extensions, sometimes as a series of pouches or canals, which form a circulatory system open to the stomach cavity. The peripheral regions, pouches, or canals allow food to be distributed from the stomach cavity around the bell, to tentacles, and to the oral arms in rhizostomes. Spatially or temporally separated currents, effected by ciliary motion, allow waste products to be transported back to the stomach and then the mouth where they are expelled. 

In semaeostomes and rhizostomes, the distribution of pouches and canals varies considerably and, like other morphological characters, has been used to distinguish species. For example, Stiasny (1921) stained and drew the canal systems of rhizostomes in order to determine their relationships. Similarly, Uchida (1926) proposed phylogenetic relationships among the semaeostomes and rhizostomes based on the structure of the canal system (see here). Greenberg et al. (1996) found that canal structure was one of the few morphological features that could be used to distinguish moon jellyfish that differed genetically. However, like other morphological features of jellyfishes, the form of the canals can be highly variable and may not always be a reliable indicator of species boundaries or relationships (e.g. Dawson 2003). 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Cnidae [[Image:Cmosaicus_cnida2.jpg|thumb|left|SEM of Catostylus mosaicus oral arms with tubules of cnidae protruding]]

Many people have been stung by jellyfish medusae at some time in their lives. The stings are caused by tiny capsules called cnidae (singular: cnida), which contain a coiled tubule and venom. In medusae, most cnidae are located in and around the tentacles and/or oral arms, although some cnidae are also found in the bell. Upon contact with another animal, the tubule is discharged in a harpoon-like fashion, either entangling or piercing the skin of the animal it contacts. In this way, jellyfish capture and immobilise zooplankton prey, and in some cases they may also discourage predators. Cnidae are contained within specialised cells called cnidocytes, that bear sensory hairs (cilia) which may be instrumental in discharging the cnidae. Chemical cues also seem to be involved. [[Image:Cmosaicus cnida1.jpg|thumb|right|An undischarged cnida from Catostylus mosaicus scale bar = 10 µm]] 

Cnidae are divided into two main categories; nematocysts and spirocysts (Mariscal 1974). Scyphozoans have only nematocysts, but within this category there is considerable variety. Over thirty morphological types of nematocysts have been identified, and various systems of nomenclature based on morphology have been proposed over the past few decades (for a succinct summary of this confusing nomenclature, see Östman 2000). 

The array of nematocyst types and sizes, called the cnidom or cnidome, can be useful in the identification and taxonomy of scyphozoans. Fully describing the cnidome of a species requires extensive sampling, however, as the cnidome can vary according to location within an individual jellyfish. For example, the tentacles may have a different array of nematocyst types or sizes to the bell. The cnidome may also vary among conspecific individuals of different sizes, and at different life history stages. Comprehensive cnidomes have not yet been described for the majority of scyphozoan species. 

''Prepared by Meredith Peach''</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>636</id>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5480">Although the scyphozoan jellyfish are typically regarded as simple animals, they accomplish the same feats as many more complex animals enabling them to survive, grow, and reproduce. Jellyfish can, for example, prey on vertebrates, distribute food and oxygen to their tissues, remove metabolic wastes, sense changes in light and orientation, and use the sun to migrate. Different species may accomplish these feats in different ways that may be reflected in anatomical and morphological variation. The links below provide information on gross morphological variation among the jellyfish as well as examples of more specific anatomical differences. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Morphology of the jellyfishes  ==

Members of each group of medusae—Class, Order, Family, etc.—are generally recognizable from their overall appearance. Their gross morphology, however, can also be divided into parts, and certain features of their morphology strongly indicate relationships with other medusae. For example, the coronal groove is characteristic of coronate medusae, the absence of tentacles from the bell margin is usually (but not always) an indication of rhizostomes. Here, schematic diagrams highlight the major features used to distinguish among groups of scyphozoans. Below, we look in more detail at a subset of features. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Bell [[Image:MastigiasPapuaBellMargin.jpg|thumb|right]]

Differences in the bell margin can be useful to distinguish orders of medusae. For example, the Semaeostomeae, in contrast to the Rhizostomeae, have tentacles on the bell margin. The form of the bell margin also can differ considerably between species within orders and lower taxonomic levels (Family, Genus, Species). The number of lappets and the number of lobes, for example, are often used to distinguish among species within a genus. Some examples of this variation are shown below. The rhopalia, which are obvious features of the bell margin, are discussed in more detail above. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Canals

The gastrovascular cavity varies in shape and size among the scyphomedusae. It consists of an usually four-sided stomach and peripheral extensions, sometimes as a series of pouches or canals, which form a circulatory system open to the stomach cavity. The peripheral regions, pouches, or canals allow food to be distributed from the stomach cavity around the bell, to tentacles, and to the oral arms in rhizostomes. Spatially or temporally separated currents, effected by ciliary motion, allow waste products to be transported back to the stomach and then the mouth where they are expelled. 

In semaeostomes and rhizostomes, the distribution of pouches and canals varies considerably and, like other morphological characters, has been used to distinguish species. For example, Stiasny (1921) stained and drew the canal systems of rhizostomes in order to determine their relationships. Similarly, Uchida (1926) proposed phylogenetic relationships among the semaeostomes and rhizostomes based on the structure of the canal system (see here). Greenberg et al. (1996) found that canal structure was one of the few morphological features that could be used to distinguish moon jellyfish that differed genetically. However, like other morphological features of jellyfishes, the form of the canals can be highly variable and may not always be a reliable indicator of species boundaries or relationships (e.g. Dawson 2003). 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Cnidae [[Image:Cmosaicus cnida2.jpg|thumb|left|SEM of Catostylus mosaicus oral arms with tubules of cnidae protruding]]

Many people have been stung by jellyfish medusae at some time in their lives. The stings are caused by tiny capsules called cnidae (singular: cnida), which contain a coiled tubule and venom. In medusae, most cnidae are located in and around the tentacles and/or oral arms, although some cnidae are also found in the bell. Upon contact with another animal, the tubule is discharged in a harpoon-like fashion, either entangling or piercing the skin of the animal it contacts. In this way, jellyfish capture and immobilise zooplankton prey, and in some cases they may also discourage predators. Cnidae are contained within specialised cells called cnidocytes, that bear sensory hairs (cilia) which may be instrumental in discharging the cnidae. Chemical cues also seem to be involved. [[Image:Cmosaicus cnida1.jpg|thumb|right|An undischarged cnida from Catostylus mosaicus scale bar = 10 µm]] 

Cnidae are divided into two main categories; nematocysts and spirocysts (Mariscal 1974). Scyphozoans have only nematocysts, but within this category there is considerable variety. Over thirty morphological types of nematocysts have been identified, and various systems of nomenclature based on morphology have been proposed over the past few decades (for a succinct summary of this confusing nomenclature, see Östman 2000). 

The array of nematocyst types and sizes, called the cnidom or cnidome, can be useful in the identification and taxonomy of scyphozoans. Fully describing the cnidome of a species requires extensive sampling, however, as the cnidome can vary according to location within an individual jellyfish. For example, the tentacles may have a different array of nematocyst types or sizes to the bell. The cnidome may also vary among conspecific individuals of different sizes, and at different life history stages. Comprehensive cnidomes have not yet been described for the majority of scyphozoan species. 

''Prepared by Meredith Peach''</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:06:21Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Jshay</username>
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      <comment>/* Morphology of the jellyfishes */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6236">Although the scyphozoan jellyfish are typically regarded as simple animals, they accomplish the same feats as many more complex animals enabling them to survive, grow, and reproduce. Jellyfish can, for example, prey on vertebrates, distribute food and oxygen to their tissues, remove metabolic wastes, sense changes in light and orientation, and use the sun to migrate. Different species may accomplish these feats in different ways that may be reflected in anatomical and morphological variation. The links below provide information on gross morphological variation among the jellyfish as well as examples of more specific anatomical differences. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Morphology of the jellyfishes  ==

Members of each group of medusae—Class, Order, Family, etc.—are generally recognizable from their overall appearance. Their gross morphology, however, can also be divided into parts, and certain features of their morphology strongly indicate relationships with other medusae. For example, the coronal groove is characteristic of coronate medusae, the absence of tentacles from the bell margin is usually (but not always) an indication of rhizostomes. Here, schematic diagrams highlight the major features used to distinguish among groups of scyphozoans. Below, we look in more detail at a subset of features. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Bell [[Image:MastigiasPapuaBellMargin.jpg|thumb|right]]

Differences in the bell margin can be useful to distinguish orders of medusae. For example, the Semaeostomeae, in contrast to the Rhizostomeae, have tentacles on the bell margin. The form of the bell margin also can differ considerably between species within orders and lower taxonomic levels (Family, Genus, Species). The number of lappets and the number of lobes, for example, are often used to distinguish among species within a genus. Some examples of this variation are shown below. The rhopalia, which are obvious features of the bell margin, are discussed in more detail above. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Canals

The gastrovascular cavity varies in shape and size among the scyphomedusae. It consists of an usually four-sided stomach and peripheral extensions, sometimes as a series of pouches or canals, which form a circulatory system open to the stomach cavity. The peripheral regions, pouches, or canals allow food to be distributed from the stomach cavity around the bell, to tentacles, and to the oral arms in rhizostomes. Spatially or temporally separated currents, effected by ciliary motion, allow waste products to be transported back to the stomach and then the mouth where they are expelled. 

In semaeostomes and rhizostomes, the distribution of pouches and canals varies considerably and, like other morphological characters, has been used to distinguish species. For example, Stiasny (1921) stained and drew the canal systems of rhizostomes in order to determine their relationships. Similarly, Uchida (1926) proposed phylogenetic relationships among the semaeostomes and rhizostomes based on the structure of the canal system (see here). Greenberg et al. (1996) found that canal structure was one of the few morphological features that could be used to distinguish moon jellyfish that differed genetically. However, like other morphological features of jellyfishes, the form of the canals can be highly variable and may not always be a reliable indicator of species boundaries or relationships (e.g. Dawson 2003). 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Cnidae [[Image:Cmosaicus cnida2.jpg|thumb|left|SEM of Catostylus mosaicus oral arms with tubules of cnidae protruding]]

Many people have been stung by jellyfish medusae at some time in their lives. The stings are caused by tiny capsules called cnidae (singular: cnida), which contain a coiled tubule and venom. In medusae, most cnidae are located in and around the tentacles and/or oral arms, although some cnidae are also found in the bell. Upon contact with another animal, the tubule is discharged in a harpoon-like fashion, either entangling or piercing the skin of the animal it contacts. In this way, jellyfish capture and immobilise zooplankton prey, and in some cases they may also discourage predators. Cnidae are contained within specialised cells called cnidocytes, that bear sensory hairs (cilia) which may be instrumental in discharging the cnidae. Chemical cues also seem to be involved. [[Image:Cmosaicus cnida1.jpg|thumb|right|An undischarged cnida from Catostylus mosaicus scale bar = 10 µm]] 

Cnidae are divided into two main categories; nematocysts and spirocysts (Mariscal 1974). Scyphozoans have only nematocysts, but within this category there is considerable variety. Over thirty morphological types of nematocysts have been identified, and various systems of nomenclature based on morphology have been proposed over the past few decades (for a succinct summary of this confusing nomenclature, see Östman 2000). 

The array of nematocyst types and sizes, called the cnidom or cnidome, can be useful in the identification and taxonomy of scyphozoans. Fully describing the cnidome of a species requires extensive sampling, however, as the cnidome can vary according to location within an individual jellyfish. For example, the tentacles may have a different array of nematocyst types or sizes to the bell. The cnidome may also vary among conspecific individuals of different sizes, and at different life history stages. Comprehensive cnidomes have not yet been described for the majority of scyphozoan species. 

''Prepared by Meredith Peach''

*Mouth-arms

Differences in the form of the mouths distinguish orders of scyphomedusae. The Rhizostomeae have many small mouths distributed over their oral arms in contrast to semaeostomes, for example, which have a single, much larger, central mouth. The form and distribution of mouths over the oral arms can also be useful for distinguishing taxa within the Rhizostomeae. Some examples are shown below.

*Rhopalia

Rhopalia (singular rhopalium) are the most obvious sensory structures of scyphozoan jellyfish. They include specialized structures for sensing light (eyespots) and movement or direction with respect to gravity (statoliths). The 'eyes' are most complex in the Cubozoa, resembling the image-forming eyes of squid, octopi, and vertebrates.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    <revision>
      <id>656</id>
      <parentid>651</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:15:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6550">Although the scyphozoan jellyfish are typically regarded as simple animals, they accomplish the same feats as many more complex animals enabling them to survive, grow, and reproduce. Jellyfish can, for example, prey on vertebrates, distribute food and oxygen to their tissues, remove metabolic wastes, sense changes in light and orientation, and use the sun to migrate. Different species may accomplish these feats in different ways that may be reflected in anatomical and morphological variation. The links below provide information on gross morphological variation among the jellyfish as well as examples of more specific anatomical differences. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Morphology of the jellyfishes  ==

Members of each group of medusae—Class, Order, Family, etc.—are generally recognizable from their overall appearance. Their gross morphology, however, can also be divided into parts, and certain features of their morphology strongly indicate relationships with other medusae. For example, the coronal groove is characteristic of coronate medusae, the absence of tentacles from the bell margin is usually (but not always) an indication of rhizostomes. Here, schematic diagrams highlight the major features used to distinguish among groups of scyphozoans. Below, we look in more detail at a subset of features. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Bell [[Image:MastigiasPapuaBellMargin.jpg|thumb|right]]

Differences in the bell margin can be useful to distinguish orders of medusae. For example, the Semaeostomeae, in contrast to the Rhizostomeae, have tentacles on the bell margin. The form of the bell margin also can differ considerably between species within orders and lower taxonomic levels (Family, Genus, Species). The number of lappets and the number of lobes, for example, are often used to distinguish among species within a genus. Some examples of this variation are shown below. The rhopalia, which are obvious features of the bell margin, are discussed in more detail above. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Canals

The gastrovascular cavity varies in shape and size among the scyphomedusae. It consists of an usually four-sided stomach and peripheral extensions, sometimes as a series of pouches or canals, which form a circulatory system open to the stomach cavity. The peripheral regions, pouches, or canals allow food to be distributed from the stomach cavity around the bell, to tentacles, and to the oral arms in rhizostomes. Spatially or temporally separated currents, effected by ciliary motion, allow waste products to be transported back to the stomach and then the mouth where they are expelled. 

In semaeostomes and rhizostomes, the distribution of pouches and canals varies considerably and, like other morphological characters, has been used to distinguish species. For example, Stiasny (1921) stained and drew the canal systems of rhizostomes in order to determine their relationships. Similarly, Uchida (1926) proposed phylogenetic relationships among the semaeostomes and rhizostomes based on the structure of the canal system (see here). Greenberg et al. (1996) found that canal structure was one of the few morphological features that could be used to distinguish moon jellyfish that differed genetically. However, like other morphological features of jellyfishes, the form of the canals can be highly variable and may not always be a reliable indicator of species boundaries or relationships (e.g. Dawson 2003). 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Cnidae [[Image:Cmosaicus cnida2.jpg|thumb|left|SEM of Catostylus mosaicus oral arms with tubules of cnidae protruding]]

Many people have been stung by jellyfish medusae at some time in their lives. The stings are caused by tiny capsules called cnidae (singular: cnida), which contain a coiled tubule and venom. In medusae, most cnidae are located in and around the tentacles and/or oral arms, although some cnidae are also found in the bell. Upon contact with another animal, the tubule is discharged in a harpoon-like fashion, either entangling or piercing the skin of the animal it contacts. In this way, jellyfish capture and immobilise zooplankton prey, and in some cases they may also discourage predators. Cnidae are contained within specialised cells called cnidocytes, that bear sensory hairs (cilia) which may be instrumental in discharging the cnidae. Chemical cues also seem to be involved. [[Image:Cmosaicus cnida1.jpg|thumb|right|An undischarged cnida from Catostylus mosaicus scale bar = 10 µm]] 

Cnidae are divided into two main categories; nematocysts and spirocysts (Mariscal 1974). Scyphozoans have only nematocysts, but within this category there is considerable variety. Over thirty morphological types of nematocysts have been identified, and various systems of nomenclature based on morphology have been proposed over the past few decades (for a succinct summary of this confusing nomenclature, see Östman 2000). 

The array of nematocyst types and sizes, called the cnidom or cnidome, can be useful in the identification and taxonomy of scyphozoans. Fully describing the cnidome of a species requires extensive sampling, however, as the cnidome can vary according to location within an individual jellyfish. For example, the tentacles may have a different array of nematocyst types or sizes to the bell. The cnidome may also vary among conspecific individuals of different sizes, and at different life history stages. Comprehensive cnidomes have not yet been described for the majority of scyphozoan species. 

''Prepared by Meredith Peach'' 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Mouth-arms [[Image:CassiopeaMouth.jpg|thumb|left|Cassiopea Mouth]]

Differences in the form of the mouths distinguish orders of scyphomedusae. The Rhizostomeae have many small mouths distributed over their oral arms in contrast to semaeostomes, for example, which have a single, much larger, central mouth. The form and distribution of mouths over the oral arms can also be useful for distinguishing taxa within the Rhizostomeae. Some examples are shown below. 











*Rhopalia

Rhopalia (singular rhopalium) are the most obvious sensory structures of scyphozoan jellyfish. They include specialized structures for sensing light (eyespots) and movement or direction with respect to gravity (statoliths). The 'eyes' are most complex in the Cubozoa, resembling the image-forming eyes of squid, octopi, and vertebrates. 

[[Image:CassiopeaRhopalium_OLO.jpg|thumb|left|Cassiopea: subumbrellar view ]][[Image:AureliaSp4Rhopalium_OTM.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia: exumbrellar view ]][[Image:MastigiasPapuaRhopalium_OTM.jpg|thumb|center|Mastigias: subumbrellar view ]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    <revision>
      <id>657</id>
      <parentid>656</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:16:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6575">Although the scyphozoan jellyfish are typically regarded as simple animals, they accomplish the same feats as many more complex animals enabling them to survive, grow, and reproduce. Jellyfish can, for example, prey on vertebrates, distribute food and oxygen to their tissues, remove metabolic wastes, sense changes in light and orientation, and use the sun to migrate. Different species may accomplish these feats in different ways that may be reflected in anatomical and morphological variation. The links below provide information on gross morphological variation among the jellyfish as well as examples of more specific anatomical differences. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Morphology of the jellyfishes  ==

Members of each group of medusae—Class, Order, Family, etc.—are generally recognizable from their overall appearance. Their gross morphology, however, can also be divided into parts, and certain features of their morphology strongly indicate relationships with other medusae. For example, the coronal groove is characteristic of coronate medusae, the absence of tentacles from the bell margin is usually (but not always) an indication of rhizostomes. Here, schematic diagrams highlight the major features used to distinguish among groups of scyphozoans. Below, we look in more detail at a subset of features. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Bell [[Image:MastigiasPapuaBellMargin.jpg|thumb|right]]

Differences in the bell margin can be useful to distinguish orders of medusae. For example, the Semaeostomeae, in contrast to the Rhizostomeae, have tentacles on the bell margin. The form of the bell margin also can differ considerably between species within orders and lower taxonomic levels (Family, Genus, Species). The number of lappets and the number of lobes, for example, are often used to distinguish among species within a genus. Some examples of this variation are shown below. The rhopalia, which are obvious features of the bell margin, are discussed in more detail above. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Canals

The gastrovascular cavity varies in shape and size among the scyphomedusae. It consists of an usually four-sided stomach and peripheral extensions, sometimes as a series of pouches or canals, which form a circulatory system open to the stomach cavity. The peripheral regions, pouches, or canals allow food to be distributed from the stomach cavity around the bell, to tentacles, and to the oral arms in rhizostomes. Spatially or temporally separated currents, effected by ciliary motion, allow waste products to be transported back to the stomach and then the mouth where they are expelled. 

In semaeostomes and rhizostomes, the distribution of pouches and canals varies considerably and, like other morphological characters, has been used to distinguish species. For example, Stiasny (1921) stained and drew the canal systems of rhizostomes in order to determine their relationships. Similarly, Uchida (1926) proposed phylogenetic relationships among the semaeostomes and rhizostomes based on the structure of the canal system (see here). Greenberg et al. (1996) found that canal structure was one of the few morphological features that could be used to distinguish moon jellyfish that differed genetically. However, like other morphological features of jellyfishes, the form of the canals can be highly variable and may not always be a reliable indicator of species boundaries or relationships (e.g. Dawson 2003). 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Cnidae [[Image:Cmosaicus cnida2.jpg|thumb|right|SEM of Catostylus mosaicus oral arms with tubules of cnidae protruding]]

Many people have been stung by jellyfish medusae at some time in their lives. The stings are caused by tiny capsules called cnidae (singular: cnida), which contain a coiled tubule and venom. In medusae, most cnidae are located in and around the tentacles and/or oral arms, although some cnidae are also found in the bell. Upon contact with another animal, the tubule is discharged in a harpoon-like fashion, either entangling or piercing the skin of the animal it contacts. In this way, jellyfish capture and immobilise zooplankton prey, and in some cases they may also discourage predators. Cnidae are contained within specialised cells called cnidocytes, that bear sensory hairs (cilia) which may be instrumental in discharging the cnidae. Chemical cues also seem to be involved. [[Image:Cmosaicus cnida1.jpg|thumb|left|An undischarged cnida from Catostylus mosaicus scale bar = 10 µm]] 

Cnidae are divided into two main categories; nematocysts and spirocysts (Mariscal 1974). Scyphozoans have only nematocysts, but within this category there is considerable variety. Over thirty morphological types of nematocysts have been identified, and various systems of nomenclature based on morphology have been proposed over the past few decades (for a succinct summary of this confusing nomenclature, see Östman 2000). 

The array of nematocyst types and sizes, called the cnidom or cnidome, can be useful in the identification and taxonomy of scyphozoans. Fully describing the cnidome of a species requires extensive sampling, however, as the cnidome can vary according to location within an individual jellyfish. For example, the tentacles may have a different array of nematocyst types or sizes to the bell. The cnidome may also vary among conspecific individuals of different sizes, and at different life history stages. Comprehensive cnidomes have not yet been described for the majority of scyphozoan species. 

''Prepared by Meredith Peach'' 

&lt;br&gt; 



*Mouth-arms [[Image:CassiopeaMouth.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea Mouth]]

Differences in the form of the mouths distinguish orders of scyphomedusae. The Rhizostomeae have many small mouths distributed over their oral arms in contrast to semaeostomes, for example, which have a single, much larger, central mouth. The form and distribution of mouths over the oral arms can also be useful for distinguishing taxa within the Rhizostomeae. Some examples are shown below. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Rhopalia

Rhopalia (singular rhopalium) are the most obvious sensory structures of scyphozoan jellyfish. They include specialized structures for sensing light (eyespots) and movement or direction with respect to gravity (statoliths). The 'eyes' are most complex in the Cubozoa, resembling the image-forming eyes of squid, octopi, and vertebrates. 

[[Image:CassiopeaRhopalium OLO.jpg|thumb|left|Cassiopea: subumbrellar view]][[Image:AureliaSp4Rhopalium OTM.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia: exumbrellar view]][[Image:MastigiasPapuaRhopalium OTM.jpg|thumb|center|Mastigias: subumbrellar view]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>658</id>
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      <contributor>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6540">Although the scyphozoan jellyfish are typically regarded as simple animals, they accomplish the same feats as many more complex animals enabling them to survive, grow, and reproduce. Jellyfish can, for example, prey on vertebrates, distribute food and oxygen to their tissues, remove metabolic wastes, sense changes in light and orientation, and use the sun to migrate. Different species may accomplish these feats in different ways that may be reflected in anatomical and morphological variation. The links below provide information on gross morphological variation among the jellyfish as well as examples of more specific anatomical differences. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Morphology of the jellyfishes  ==

Members of each group of medusae—Class, Order, Family, etc.—are generally recognizable from their overall appearance. Their gross morphology, however, can also be divided into parts, and certain features of their morphology strongly indicate relationships with other medusae. For example, the coronal groove is characteristic of coronate medusae, the absence of tentacles from the bell margin is usually (but not always) an indication of rhizostomes. Here, schematic diagrams highlight the major features used to distinguish among groups of scyphozoans. Below, we look in more detail at a subset of features. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Bell [[Image:MastigiasPapuaBellMargin.jpg|thumb|right]]

Differences in the bell margin can be useful to distinguish orders of medusae. For example, the Semaeostomeae, in contrast to the Rhizostomeae, have tentacles on the bell margin. The form of the bell margin also can differ considerably between species within orders and lower taxonomic levels (Family, Genus, Species). The number of lappets and the number of lobes, for example, are often used to distinguish among species within a genus. Some examples of this variation are shown below. The rhopalia, which are obvious features of the bell margin, are discussed in more detail above. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Canals

The gastrovascular cavity varies in shape and size among the scyphomedusae. It consists of an usually four-sided stomach and peripheral extensions, sometimes as a series of pouches or canals, which form a circulatory system open to the stomach cavity. The peripheral regions, pouches, or canals allow food to be distributed from the stomach cavity around the bell, to tentacles, and to the oral arms in rhizostomes. Spatially or temporally separated currents, effected by ciliary motion, allow waste products to be transported back to the stomach and then the mouth where they are expelled. 

In semaeostomes and rhizostomes, the distribution of pouches and canals varies considerably and, like other morphological characters, has been used to distinguish species. For example, Stiasny (1921) stained and drew the canal systems of rhizostomes in order to determine their relationships. Similarly, Uchida (1926) proposed phylogenetic relationships among the semaeostomes and rhizostomes based on the structure of the canal system (see here). Greenberg et al. (1996) found that canal structure was one of the few morphological features that could be used to distinguish moon jellyfish that differed genetically. However, like other morphological features of jellyfishes, the form of the canals can be highly variable and may not always be a reliable indicator of species boundaries or relationships (e.g. Dawson 2003). 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Cnidae [[Image:Cmosaicus cnida2.jpg|thumb|right|SEM of Catostylus mosaicus oral arms with tubules of cnidae protruding]]

Many people have been stung by jellyfish medusae at some time in their lives. The stings are caused by tiny capsules called cnidae (singular: cnida), which contain a coiled tubule and venom. In medusae, most cnidae are located in and around the tentacles and/or oral arms, although some cnidae are also found in the bell. Upon contact with another animal, the tubule is discharged in a harpoon-like fashion, either entangling or piercing the skin of the animal it contacts. In this way, jellyfish capture and immobilise zooplankton prey, and in some cases they may also discourage predators. Cnidae are contained within specialised cells called cnidocytes, that bear sensory hairs (cilia) which may be instrumental in discharging the cnidae. Chemical cues also seem to be involved. [[Image:Cmosaicus cnida1.jpg|thumb|left|An undischarged cnida from Catostylus mosaicus scale bar = 10 µm]] 

Cnidae are divided into two main categories; nematocysts and spirocysts (Mariscal 1974). Scyphozoans have only nematocysts, but within this category there is considerable variety. Over thirty morphological types of nematocysts have been identified, and various systems of nomenclature based on morphology have been proposed over the past few decades (for a succinct summary of this confusing nomenclature, see Östman 2000). 

The array of nematocyst types and sizes, called the cnidom or cnidome, can be useful in the identification and taxonomy of scyphozoans. Fully describing the cnidome of a species requires extensive sampling, however, as the cnidome can vary according to location within an individual jellyfish. For example, the tentacles may have a different array of nematocyst types or sizes to the bell. The cnidome may also vary among conspecific individuals of different sizes, and at different life history stages. Comprehensive cnidomes have not yet been described for the majority of scyphozoan species. 

''Prepared by Meredith Peach''[[Image:CassiopeaMouth.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea Mouth]] 

*Mouth-arms&amp;nbsp;

Differences in the form of the mouths distinguish orders of scyphomedusae. The Rhizostomeae have many small mouths distributed over their oral arms in contrast to semaeostomes, for example, which have a single, much larger, central mouth. The form and distribution of mouths over the oral arms can also be useful for distinguishing taxa within the Rhizostomeae. Some examples are shown below.&lt;br&gt; 

*Rhopalia

Rhopalia (singular rhopalium) are the most obvious sensory structures of scyphozoan jellyfish. They include specialized structures for sensing light (eyespots) and movement or direction with respect to gravity (statoliths). The 'eyes' are most complex in the Cubozoa, resembling the image-forming eyes of squid, octopi, and vertebrates. 

[[Image:CassiopeaRhopalium OLO.jpg|thumb|left|Cassiopea: subumbrellar view]][[Image:AureliaSp4Rhopalium OTM.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia: exumbrellar view]][[Image:MastigiasPapuaRhopalium OTM.jpg|thumb|center|Mastigias: subumbrellar view]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>659</id>
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      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6544">Although the scyphozoan jellyfish are typically regarded as simple animals, they accomplish the same feats as many more complex animals enabling them to survive, grow, and reproduce. Jellyfish can, for example, prey on vertebrates, distribute food and oxygen to their tissues, remove metabolic wastes, sense changes in light and orientation, and use the sun to migrate. Different species may accomplish these feats in different ways that may be reflected in anatomical and morphological variation. The links below provide information on gross morphological variation among the jellyfish as well as examples of more specific anatomical differences. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Morphology of the jellyfishes  ==

Members of each group of medusae—Class, Order, Family, etc.—are generally recognizable from their overall appearance. Their gross morphology, however, can also be divided into parts, and certain features of their morphology strongly indicate relationships with other medusae. For example, the coronal groove is characteristic of coronate medusae, the absence of tentacles from the bell margin is usually (but not always) an indication of rhizostomes. Here, schematic diagrams highlight the major features used to distinguish among groups of scyphozoans. Below, we look in more detail at a subset of features. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Bell [[Image:MastigiasPapuaBellMargin.jpg|thumb|right]]

Differences in the bell margin can be useful to distinguish orders of medusae. For example, the Semaeostomeae, in contrast to the Rhizostomeae, have tentacles on the bell margin. The form of the bell margin also can differ considerably between species within orders and lower taxonomic levels (Family, Genus, Species). The number of lappets and the number of lobes, for example, are often used to distinguish among species within a genus. Some examples of this variation are shown below. The rhopalia, which are obvious features of the bell margin, are discussed in more detail above. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Canals

The gastrovascular cavity varies in shape and size among the scyphomedusae. It consists of an usually four-sided stomach and peripheral extensions, sometimes as a series of pouches or canals, which form a circulatory system open to the stomach cavity. The peripheral regions, pouches, or canals allow food to be distributed from the stomach cavity around the bell, to tentacles, and to the oral arms in rhizostomes. Spatially or temporally separated currents, effected by ciliary motion, allow waste products to be transported back to the stomach and then the mouth where they are expelled. 

In semaeostomes and rhizostomes, the distribution of pouches and canals varies considerably and, like other morphological characters, has been used to distinguish species. For example, Stiasny (1921) stained and drew the canal systems of rhizostomes in order to determine their relationships. Similarly, Uchida (1926) proposed phylogenetic relationships among the semaeostomes and rhizostomes based on the structure of the canal system (see here). Greenberg et al. (1996) found that canal structure was one of the few morphological features that could be used to distinguish moon jellyfish that differed genetically. However, like other morphological features of jellyfishes, the form of the canals can be highly variable and may not always be a reliable indicator of species boundaries or relationships (e.g. Dawson 2003). 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Cnidae [[Image:Cmosaicus cnida2.jpg|thumb|right|SEM of Catostylus mosaicus oral arms with tubules of cnidae protruding]]

Many people have been stung by jellyfish medusae at some time in their lives. The stings are caused by tiny capsules called cnidae (singular: cnida), which contain a coiled tubule and venom. In medusae, most cnidae are located in and around the tentacles and/or oral arms, although some cnidae are also found in the bell. Upon contact with another animal, the tubule is discharged in a harpoon-like fashion, either entangling or piercing the skin of the animal it contacts. In this way, jellyfish capture and immobilise zooplankton prey, and in some cases they may also discourage predators. Cnidae are contained within specialised cells called cnidocytes, that bear sensory hairs (cilia) which may be instrumental in discharging the cnidae. Chemical cues also seem to be involved. [[Image:Cmosaicus cnida1.jpg|thumb|left|An undischarged cnida from Catostylus mosaicus scale bar = 10 µm]] 

Cnidae are divided into two main categories; nematocysts and spirocysts (Mariscal 1974). Scyphozoans have only nematocysts, but within this category there is considerable variety. Over thirty morphological types of nematocysts have been identified, and various systems of nomenclature based on morphology have been proposed over the past few decades (for a succinct summary of this confusing nomenclature, see Östman 2000). 

The array of nematocyst types and sizes, called the cnidom or cnidome, can be useful in the identification and taxonomy of scyphozoans. Fully describing the cnidome of a species requires extensive sampling, however, as the cnidome can vary according to location within an individual jellyfish. For example, the tentacles may have a different array of nematocyst types or sizes to the bell. The cnidome may also vary among conspecific individuals of different sizes, and at different life history stages. Comprehensive cnidomes have not yet been described for the majority of scyphozoan species. 

''Prepared by Meredith Peach''

[[Image:CassiopeaMouth.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea Mouth]] 

*Mouth-arms&amp;nbsp;

Differences in the form of the mouths distinguish orders of scyphomedusae. The Rhizostomeae have many small mouths distributed over their oral arms in contrast to semaeostomes, for example, which have a single, much larger, central mouth. The form and distribution of mouths over the oral arms can also be useful for distinguishing taxa within the Rhizostomeae. Some examples are shown below.&lt;br&gt; 



*Rhopalia

Rhopalia (singular rhopalium) are the most obvious sensory structures of scyphozoan jellyfish. They include specialized structures for sensing light (eyespots) and movement or direction with respect to gravity (statoliths). The 'eyes' are most complex in the Cubozoa, resembling the image-forming eyes of squid, octopi, and vertebrates. 

[[Image:CassiopeaRhopalium OLO.jpg|thumb|left|Cassiopea: subumbrellar view]][[Image:AureliaSp4Rhopalium OTM.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia: exumbrellar view]][[Image:MastigiasPapuaRhopalium OTM.jpg|thumb|center|Mastigias: subumbrellar view]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>660</id>
      <parentid>659</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:19:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6544">Although the scyphozoan jellyfish are typically regarded as simple animals, they accomplish the same feats as many more complex animals enabling them to survive, grow, and reproduce. Jellyfish can, for example, prey on vertebrates, distribute food and oxygen to their tissues, remove metabolic wastes, sense changes in light and orientation, and use the sun to migrate. Different species may accomplish these feats in different ways that may be reflected in anatomical and morphological variation. The links below provide information on gross morphological variation among the jellyfish as well as examples of more specific anatomical differences. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Morphology of Jellyfish  ==

Members of each group of medusae—Class, Order, Family, etc.—are generally recognizable from their overall appearance. Their gross morphology, however, can also be divided into parts, and certain features of their morphology strongly indicate relationships with other medusae. For example, the coronal groove is characteristic of coronate medusae, the absence of tentacles from the bell margin is usually (but not always) an indication of rhizostomes. Here, schematic diagrams highlight the major features used to distinguish among groups of scyphozoans. Below, we look in more detail at a subset of features. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Bell [[Image:MastigiasPapuaBellMargin.jpg|thumb|right]]

Differences in the bell margin can be useful to distinguish orders of medusae. For example, the Semaeostomeae, in contrast to the Rhizostomeae, have tentacles on the bell margin. The form of the bell margin also can differ considerably between species within orders and lower taxonomic levels (Family, Genus, Species). The number of lappets and the number of lobes, for example, are often used to distinguish among species within a genus. Some examples of this variation are shown below. The rhopalia, which are obvious features of the bell margin, are discussed in more detail above. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Canals

The gastrovascular cavity varies in shape and size among the scyphomedusae. It consists of an usually four-sided stomach and peripheral extensions, sometimes as a series of pouches or canals, which form a circulatory system open to the stomach cavity. The peripheral regions, pouches, or canals allow food to be distributed from the stomach cavity around the bell, to tentacles, and to the oral arms in rhizostomes. Spatially or temporally separated currents, effected by ciliary motion, allow waste products to be transported back to the stomach and then the mouth where they are expelled. 

In semaeostomes and rhizostomes, the distribution of pouches and canals varies considerably and, like other morphological characters, has been used to distinguish species. For example, Stiasny (1921) stained and drew the canal systems of rhizostomes in order to determine their relationships. Similarly, Uchida (1926) proposed phylogenetic relationships among the semaeostomes and rhizostomes based on the structure of the canal system (see here). Greenberg et al. (1996) found that canal structure was one of the few morphological features that could be used to distinguish moon jellyfish that differed genetically. However, like other morphological features of jellyfishes, the form of the canals can be highly variable and may not always be a reliable indicator of species boundaries or relationships (e.g. Dawson 2003). 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Cnidae [[Image:Cmosaicus cnida2.jpg|thumb|right|SEM of Catostylus mosaicus oral arms with tubules of cnidae protruding]]

Many people have been stung by jellyfish medusae at some time in their lives. The stings are caused by tiny capsules called cnidae (singular: cnida), which contain a coiled tubule and venom. In medusae, most cnidae are located in and around the tentacles and/or oral arms, although some cnidae are also found in the bell. Upon contact with another animal, the tubule is discharged in a harpoon-like fashion, either entangling or piercing the skin of the animal it contacts. In this way, jellyfish capture and immobilise zooplankton prey, and in some cases they may also discourage predators. Cnidae are contained within specialised cells called cnidocytes, that bear sensory hairs (cilia) which may be instrumental in discharging the cnidae. Chemical cues also seem to be involved. [[Image:Cmosaicus cnida1.jpg|thumb|left|An undischarged cnida from Catostylus mosaicus scale bar = 10 µm]] 

Cnidae are divided into two main categories; nematocysts and spirocysts (Mariscal 1974). Scyphozoans have only nematocysts, but within this category there is considerable variety. Over thirty morphological types of nematocysts have been identified, and various systems of nomenclature based on morphology have been proposed over the past few decades (for a succinct summary of this confusing nomenclature, see Östman 2000). 

The array of nematocyst types and sizes, called the cnidom or cnidome, can be useful in the identification and taxonomy of scyphozoans. Fully describing the cnidome of a species requires extensive sampling, however, as the cnidome can vary according to location within an individual jellyfish. For example, the tentacles may have a different array of nematocyst types or sizes to the bell. The cnidome may also vary among conspecific individuals of different sizes, and at different life history stages. Comprehensive cnidomes have not yet been described for the majority of scyphozoan species. 

''Prepared by Meredith Peach'' 

[[Image:CassiopeaMouth.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea Mouth]] 

*Mouth-arms&amp;nbsp;

Differences in the form of the mouths distinguish orders of scyphomedusae. The Rhizostomeae have many small mouths distributed over their oral arms in contrast to semaeostomes, for example, which have a single, much larger, central mouth. The form and distribution of mouths over the oral arms can also be useful for distinguishing taxa within the Rhizostomeae. Some examples are shown below.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Rhopalia

Rhopalia (singular rhopalium) are the most obvious sensory structures of scyphozoan jellyfish. They include specialized structures for sensing light (eyespots) and movement or direction with respect to gravity (statoliths). The 'eyes' are most complex in the Cubozoa, resembling the image-forming eyes of squid, octopi, and vertebrates. 

[[Image:CassiopeaRhopalium OLO.jpg|thumb|left|Cassiopea: subumbrellar view]][[Image:AureliaSp4Rhopalium OTM.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia: exumbrellar view]][[Image:MastigiasPapuaRhopalium OTM.jpg|thumb|center|Mastigias: subumbrellar view]]</text>
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      <minor/>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6566">Although the scyphozoan jellyfish are typically regarded as simple animals, they accomplish the same feats as many more complex animals enabling them to survive, grow, and reproduce. Jellyfish can, for example, prey on vertebrates, distribute food and oxygen to their tissues, remove metabolic wastes, sense changes in light and orientation, and use the sun to migrate. Different species may accomplish these feats in different ways that may be reflected in anatomical and morphological variation. The links below provide information on gross morphological variation among the jellyfish as well as examples of more specific anatomical differences. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Morphology of Jellyfish  ==

Members of each group of medusae—Class, Order, Family, etc.—are generally recognizable from their overall appearance. Their gross morphology, however, can also be divided into parts, and certain features of their morphology strongly indicate relationships with other medusae. For example, the coronal groove is characteristic of coronate medusae, the absence of tentacles from the bell margin is usually (but not always) an indication of rhizostomes. Here, schematic diagrams highlight the major features used to distinguish among groups of scyphozoans. Below, we look in more detail at a subset of features. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Bell [[Image:MastigiasPapuaBellMargin.jpg|thumb|right]]

Differences in the bell margin can be useful to distinguish orders of medusae. For example, the Semaeostomeae, in contrast to the Rhizostomeae, have tentacles on the bell margin. The form of the bell margin also can differ considerably between species within orders and lower taxonomic levels (Family, Genus, Species). The number of lappets and the number of lobes, for example, are often used to distinguish among species within a genus. Some examples of this variation are shown below. The rhopalia, which are obvious features of the bell margin, are discussed in more detail above. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Canals

The gastrovascular cavity varies in shape and size among the scyphomedusae. It consists of an usually four-sided stomach and peripheral extensions, sometimes as a series of pouches or canals, which form a circulatory system open to the stomach cavity. The peripheral regions, pouches, or canals allow food to be distributed from the stomach cavity around the bell, to tentacles, and to the oral arms in rhizostomes. Spatially or temporally separated currents, effected by ciliary motion, allow waste products to be transported back to the stomach and then the mouth where they are expelled. 

In semaeostomes and rhizostomes, the distribution of pouches and canals varies considerably and, like other morphological characters, has been used to distinguish species. For example, Stiasny (1921) stained and drew the canal systems of rhizostomes in order to determine their relationships. Similarly, Uchida (1926) proposed phylogenetic relationships among the semaeostomes and rhizostomes based on the structure of the canal system (see here). Greenberg et al. (1996) found that canal structure was one of the few morphological features that could be used to distinguish moon jellyfish that differed genetically. However, like other morphological features of jellyfishes, the form of the canals can be highly variable and may not always be a reliable indicator of species boundaries or relationships (e.g. Dawson 2003). 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Cnidae [[Image:Cmosaicus cnida2.jpg|thumb|right|SEM of Catostylus mosaicus oral arms with tubules of cnidae protruding]]

Many people have been stung by jellyfish medusae at some time in their lives. The stings are caused by tiny capsules called cnidae (singular: cnida), which contain a coiled tubule and venom. In medusae, most cnidae are located in and around the tentacles and/or oral arms, although some cnidae are also found in the bell. Upon contact with another animal, the tubule is discharged in a harpoon-like fashion, either entangling or piercing the skin of the animal it contacts. In this way, jellyfish capture and immobilise zooplankton prey, and in some cases they may also discourage predators. Cnidae are contained within specialised cells called cnidocytes, that bear sensory hairs (cilia) which may be instrumental in discharging the cnidae. Chemical cues also seem to be involved. [[Image:Cmosaicus cnida1.jpg|thumb|left|An undischarged cnida from Catostylus mosaicus scale bar = 10 µm]] 

Cnidae are divided into two main categories; nematocysts and spirocysts (Mariscal 1974). Scyphozoans have only nematocysts, but within this category there is considerable variety. Over thirty morphological types of nematocysts have been identified, and various systems of nomenclature based on morphology have been proposed over the past few decades (for a succinct summary of this confusing nomenclature, see Östman 2000). 

The array of nematocyst types and sizes, called the cnidom or cnidome, can be useful in the identification and taxonomy of scyphozoans. Fully describing the cnidome of a species requires extensive sampling, however, as the cnidome can vary according to location within an individual jellyfish. For example, the tentacles may have a different array of nematocyst types or sizes to the bell. The cnidome may also vary among conspecific individuals of different sizes, and at different life history stages. Comprehensive cnidomes have not yet been described for the majority of scyphozoan species. 

''Prepared by Meredith Peach'' 

[[Image:CassiopeaMouth.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea Mouth]] 

*Mouth-arms&amp;nbsp;

Differences in the form of the mouths distinguish orders of scyphomedusae. The Rhizostomeae have many small mouths distributed over their oral arms in contrast to semaeostomes, for example, which have a single, much larger, central mouth. The form and distribution of mouths over the oral arms can also be useful for distinguishing taxa within the Rhizostomeae. Some examples are shown below.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Rhopalia

Rhopalia (singular rhopalium) are the most obvious sensory structures of scyphozoan jellyfish. They include specialized structures for sensing light (eyespots) and movement or direction with respect to gravity (statoliths). The 'eyes' are most complex in the Cubozoa, resembling the image-forming eyes of squid, octopi, and vertebrates. 

[[Image:CassiopeaRhopalium OLO.jpg|thumb|left|Cassiopea: subumbrellar view]][[Image:AureliaSp4Rhopalium OTM.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia: exumbrellar view]][[Image:MastigiasPapuaRhopalium OTM.jpg|thumb|center|Mastigias: subumbrellar view]]

[[Category:Anatomy]]</text>
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      <comment>New page: '''Characteristics of the Genus   (from Kramp 1961)'''  Ulmaridae in which the tentacles and lappets arise from the sides of the exumbrella above the margin; invaginated gonads with extern...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="358">'''Characteristics of the Genus   (from Kramp 1961)'''

Ulmaridae in which the tentacles and lappets arise from the sides of the exumbrella above the margin; invaginated gonads with external subgenital pits. With four unbranched mouth-arms; bell margin divided into eight or 16 broad velar lobes; some or all radial canals give rise to anastomosing branches.</text>
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      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:14:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6451">'''Characteristics of the Genus   (from Kramp 1961)'''

Ulmaridae in which the tentacles and lappets arise from the sides of the exumbrella above the margin; invaginated gonads with external subgenital pits. With four unbranched mouth-arms; bell margin divided into eight or 16 broad velar lobes; some or all radial canals give rise to anastomosing branches.


----

'''Meristics and morphometric features  (following Dawson 2003)'''

[[File:example.jpg|thumb|caption]]

'''Methods'''

At least 30 meristic and morphological features (f; or indirect measurements thereof as indicated by ') can be measured on each medusae. Measurements should be made as soon as possible after collection.

Place a medusa exumbrella surface down on a flat surface.
(f1) Measure the bell diameter of relaxed medusa.

Put the medusa in a small holding vessel containing ambient salinity water.
('2) Measure the combined height of the bell plus manubrium by flattening the exumbrella surface against the wall of the vessel and inserting a mm-calibrated probe into the center of the mouth and through the bell [see Notes below for calculation of f2].
(f3) Sketch/photograph the form of the oral arm and estimate the degree of folding on a 5 point scale [0-2, half-point intervals].
(f4) Remove the medusa from the water, place it in a mesh [1 mm-sqr] bag, drain of water for 20 s and weigh to nearest 5g on a spring-loaded balance.

Place medusa, flat, exumbrella surface down, on an horizontal transparent surface illuminated from below by a circular 40W fluorescent light. Place a thin mark [e.g. toothpick] snug against the manubrium, perpendicular to and at the base of each oral arm. Use calipers to measure
(f5) length of the oral arms, from the base of the manubrium to tip of the arm
(f6) breadth of the base of the manubrium.
(f7) width of oral arms halfway along their length.

Amputate the oral arms.
(f8) Sketch the shape of the gastric and gonadal tissue.
(f9) Measure the distances between the most proximate points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue.
(f10) Measure the distances between the most distal points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue.
(f11) Measure the diameter of the subgenital pore.
(f12) Describe the placement of the subgenital pore relative to the gastric tissues [categorize as &quot;central and widely circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;adjacent to but circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;overlapping with&quot;, or &quot;circumscribing&quot; the gastric filaments].
(f13) Document the degree of thickening of the mesoglea surrounding the subgenital pore [0-2, half-point intervals].

Use a standard palette of reference colours to describe
(f14) colour of gastric tissue,
(f15) colour of gonad, if mature,
(f16) colour of umbrella, and
(f17) colour of bell margin.
(f18) Biopsy the gonadal tissue, if present, and examined under a dissecting microscope to determine the sex of medusae.
(f19) Enumerate the number of velar lobes per quadrant.
(f20) Enumerate the number of rhopalia per quadrant.
('21, '22) Measure the thickness of the umbrella at intervals of one-fifth of the bell radius (r) across two opposite perradial axes using the mm-calibrated probe [the first and last measurements are, by definition, zero] to determine bell-shape and bell thickness [see Notes below for calculations of f21 and f22].

Inject the radial canal system of the medusa with food dye and photograph each quadrant. Use the pictures to describe eight features of the canal system and two features of the bell margin, per quadrant [see Notes below], as follows.
(f23) The number of originations of perradial canals.
(f24) The number of originations of interradial canals [defined as = 1 unless obviously &gt;1].
(f25) The number of originations of adradial canals.
(f26) The number of anastomoses between perradial canals [i.e. perradial-perradial].
(f27) The number of anastomoses between interradial canals [i.e. interradial-interradial], and
(f28) The number of anastomoses with adradial canals [i.e. perradial-adradial, interradial-adradial, adradial-adradial, PAI].

Draw lines tangentially across adjacent velar lobes and measure the perpendicular distance measured from the line to the center of anastomoses between the ring and radial canals
(f29) at the rhopalia [i.e. interradial, perradial]
(f30) at non-rhopalar positions [i.e. adradial].
[See Notes below.]

 

''Notes:''

Several features are not measured directly but are estimated from the measurements described above. The depth of the manubrium (f2) is calculated by subtracting the mean thickness of the bell at four-fifths of the way across the radius from ('2) above. The thickness of the bell (f22) is represented as the slope of the best-fit line through a scatterplot of bell thicknesses at r/5-intervals constrained to pass through the origin, and the shape of the bell (f21) is defined as convex, straight, undulating, or concave, relative to the best-fit line.

Canals may not consistently branch and merge in pairs. Some anastomoses may involve more than two canals, some canals may give rise to branches that do not merge with other canals, and some such cul-de-sac appear to be little more than momentary broadening or turns in the originating canal. As such, four explicit procedures can be used to ensure consistency in canal meristics among medusae. First, anastomoses of apparently &gt;= 4 canals (c), which might simply be indistinguishable from &gt;= 2 very close anastomoses each involving 3 canals, are defined as comprising c - 2 anastomoses each separated by a zero-length branch. Second, all cul-de-sac are considered to be sinuses of the originating canal and, thus, do not contribute to the total number of anastomoses. Third, adradial canals are used to define quadrants. Fourth, only the total (T) number of anastomoses is counted, rather than number of divergent (D) and convergent (C) anastomoses, because it can be difficult to discern a convergence from a divergence and because these measures are not independent (D + C = T).

Scale photographic distances (xp: f29, f30) to true distances (xt) using the equation XT = XP*dt/dp, where d is bell diameter.

---

Download EXCEL files that will automatically calculate population parameters if you have
(1) measured medusae over a range of sizes [UNDER CONSTRUCTION] or
(2) measured medusae in a single size-class [UNDER CONSTRUCTION].

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson''</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6546">'''Characteristics of the Genus (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Ulmaridae in which the tentacles and lappets arise from the sides of the exumbrella above the margin; invaginated gonads with external subgenital pits. With four unbranched mouth-arms; bell margin divided into eight or 16 broad velar lobes; some or all radial canals give rise to anastomosing branches. 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

'''Meristics and morphometric features (following Dawson 2003)''' 

[[File:example.jpg|[[Image:AureliaMorphometrics.jpg|border|right|Aurelia Morphometrics]]&lt;br&gt;]] 

'''Methods''' 

At least 30 meristic and morphological features (f; or indirect measurements thereof as indicated by ') can be measured on each medusae. Measurements should be made as soon as possible after collection. 

Place a medusa exumbrella surface down on a flat surface. (f1) Measure the bell diameter of relaxed medusa. 

Put the medusa in a small holding vessel containing ambient salinity water. ('2) Measure the combined height of the bell plus manubrium by flattening the exumbrella surface against the wall of the vessel and inserting a mm-calibrated probe into the center of the mouth and through the bell [see Notes below for calculation of f2]. (f3) Sketch/photograph the form of the oral arm and estimate the degree of folding on a 5 point scale [0-2, half-point intervals]. (f4) Remove the medusa from the water, place it in a mesh [1 mm-sqr] bag, drain of water for 20 s and weigh to nearest 5g on a spring-loaded balance. 

Place medusa, flat, exumbrella surface down, on an horizontal transparent surface illuminated from below by a circular 40W fluorescent light. Place a thin mark [e.g. toothpick] snug against the manubrium, perpendicular to and at the base of each oral arm. Use calipers to measure (f5) length of the oral arms, from the base of the manubrium to tip of the arm (f6) breadth of the base of the manubrium. (f7) width of oral arms halfway along their length. 

Amputate the oral arms. (f8) Sketch the shape of the gastric and gonadal tissue. (f9) Measure the distances between the most proximate points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f10) Measure the distances between the most distal points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f11) Measure the diameter of the subgenital pore. (f12) Describe the placement of the subgenital pore relative to the gastric tissues [categorize as &quot;central and widely circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;adjacent to but circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;overlapping with&quot;, or &quot;circumscribing&quot; the gastric filaments]. (f13) Document the degree of thickening of the mesoglea surrounding the subgenital pore [0-2, half-point intervals]. 

Use a standard palette of reference colours to describe (f14) colour of gastric tissue, (f15) colour of gonad, if mature, (f16) colour of umbrella, and (f17) colour of bell margin. (f18) Biopsy the gonadal tissue, if present, and examined under a dissecting microscope to determine the sex of medusae. (f19) Enumerate the number of velar lobes per quadrant. (f20) Enumerate the number of rhopalia per quadrant. ('21, '22) Measure the thickness of the umbrella at intervals of one-fifth of the bell radius (r) across two opposite perradial axes using the mm-calibrated probe [the first and last measurements are, by definition, zero] to determine bell-shape and bell thickness [see Notes below for calculations of f21 and f22]. 

Inject the radial canal system of the medusa with food dye and photograph each quadrant. Use the pictures to describe eight features of the canal system and two features of the bell margin, per quadrant [see Notes below], as follows. (f23) The number of originations of perradial canals. (f24) The number of originations of interradial canals [defined as = 1 unless obviously &amp;gt;1]. (f25) The number of originations of adradial canals. (f26) The number of anastomoses between perradial canals [i.e. perradial-perradial]. (f27) The number of anastomoses between interradial canals [i.e. interradial-interradial], and (f28) The number of anastomoses with adradial canals [i.e. perradial-adradial, interradial-adradial, adradial-adradial, PAI]. 

Draw lines tangentially across adjacent velar lobes and measure the perpendicular distance measured from the line to the center of anastomoses between the ring and radial canals (f29) at the rhopalia [i.e. interradial, perradial] (f30) at non-rhopalar positions [i.e. adradial]. [See Notes below.] 

&lt;br&gt; 

''Notes:'' 

Several features are not measured directly but are estimated from the measurements described above. The depth of the manubrium (f2) is calculated by subtracting the mean thickness of the bell at four-fifths of the way across the radius from ('2) above. The thickness of the bell (f22) is represented as the slope of the best-fit line through a scatterplot of bell thicknesses at r/5-intervals constrained to pass through the origin, and the shape of the bell (f21) is defined as convex, straight, undulating, or concave, relative to the best-fit line. 

Canals may not consistently branch and merge in pairs. Some anastomoses may involve more than two canals, some canals may give rise to branches that do not merge with other canals, and some such cul-de-sac appear to be little more than momentary broadening or turns in the originating canal. As such, four explicit procedures can be used to ensure consistency in canal meristics among medusae. First, anastomoses of apparently &amp;gt;= 4 canals (c), which might simply be indistinguishable from &amp;gt;= 2 very close anastomoses each involving 3 canals, are defined as comprising c - 2 anastomoses each separated by a zero-length branch. Second, all cul-de-sac are considered to be sinuses of the originating canal and, thus, do not contribute to the total number of anastomoses. Third, adradial canals are used to define quadrants. Fourth, only the total (T) number of anastomoses is counted, rather than number of divergent (D) and convergent (C) anastomoses, because it can be difficult to discern a convergence from a divergence and because these measures are not independent (D + C = T). 

Scale photographic distances (xp: f29, f30) to true distances (xt) using the equation XT = XP*dt/dp, where d is bell diameter. 

--- 

Download EXCEL files that will automatically calculate population parameters if you have (1) measured medusae over a range of sizes [UNDER CONSTRUCTION] or (2) measured medusae in a single size-class [UNDER CONSTRUCTION]. 

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>533</id>
      <parentid>532</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:25:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6512">'''Characteristics of the Genus (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Ulmaridae in which the tentacles and lappets arise from the sides of the exumbrella above the margin; invaginated gonads with external subgenital pits. With four unbranched mouth-arms; bell margin divided into eight or 16 broad velar lobes; some or all radial canals give rise to anastomosing branches. 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

'''Meristics and morphometric features (following Dawson 2003)''' 

[[Image:AureliaMorphometrics.jpg|left|Aurelia Morphometrics]]

'''Methods''' 

At least 30 meristic and morphological features (f; or indirect measurements thereof as indicated by ') can be measured on each medusae. Measurements should be made as soon as possible after collection. 

Place a medusa exumbrella surface down on a flat surface. (f1) Measure the bell diameter of relaxed medusa. 

Put the medusa in a small holding vessel containing ambient salinity water. ('2) Measure the combined height of the bell plus manubrium by flattening the exumbrella surface against the wall of the vessel and inserting a mm-calibrated probe into the center of the mouth and through the bell [see Notes below for calculation of f2]. (f3) Sketch/photograph the form of the oral arm and estimate the degree of folding on a 5 point scale [0-2, half-point intervals]. (f4) Remove the medusa from the water, place it in a mesh [1 mm-sqr] bag, drain of water for 20 s and weigh to nearest 5g on a spring-loaded balance. 

Place medusa, flat, exumbrella surface down, on an horizontal transparent surface illuminated from below by a circular 40W fluorescent light. Place a thin mark [e.g. toothpick] snug against the manubrium, perpendicular to and at the base of each oral arm. Use calipers to measure (f5) length of the oral arms, from the base of the manubrium to tip of the arm (f6) breadth of the base of the manubrium. (f7) width of oral arms halfway along their length. 

Amputate the oral arms. (f8) Sketch the shape of the gastric and gonadal tissue. (f9) Measure the distances between the most proximate points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f10) Measure the distances between the most distal points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f11) Measure the diameter of the subgenital pore. (f12) Describe the placement of the subgenital pore relative to the gastric tissues [categorize as &quot;central and widely circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;adjacent to but circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;overlapping with&quot;, or &quot;circumscribing&quot; the gastric filaments]. (f13) Document the degree of thickening of the mesoglea surrounding the subgenital pore [0-2, half-point intervals]. 

Use a standard palette of reference colours to describe (f14) colour of gastric tissue, (f15) colour of gonad, if mature, (f16) colour of umbrella, and (f17) colour of bell margin. (f18) Biopsy the gonadal tissue, if present, and examined under a dissecting microscope to determine the sex of medusae. (f19) Enumerate the number of velar lobes per quadrant. (f20) Enumerate the number of rhopalia per quadrant. ('21, '22) Measure the thickness of the umbrella at intervals of one-fifth of the bell radius (r) across two opposite perradial axes using the mm-calibrated probe [the first and last measurements are, by definition, zero] to determine bell-shape and bell thickness [see Notes below for calculations of f21 and f22]. 

Inject the radial canal system of the medusa with food dye and photograph each quadrant. Use the pictures to describe eight features of the canal system and two features of the bell margin, per quadrant [see Notes below], as follows. (f23) The number of originations of perradial canals. (f24) The number of originations of interradial canals [defined as = 1 unless obviously &amp;gt;1]. (f25) The number of originations of adradial canals. (f26) The number of anastomoses between perradial canals [i.e. perradial-perradial]. (f27) The number of anastomoses between interradial canals [i.e. interradial-interradial], and (f28) The number of anastomoses with adradial canals [i.e. perradial-adradial, interradial-adradial, adradial-adradial, PAI]. 

Draw lines tangentially across adjacent velar lobes and measure the perpendicular distance measured from the line to the center of anastomoses between the ring and radial canals (f29) at the rhopalia [i.e. interradial, perradial] (f30) at non-rhopalar positions [i.e. adradial]. [See Notes below.] 

&lt;br&gt; 

''Notes:'' 

Several features are not measured directly but are estimated from the measurements described above. The depth of the manubrium (f2) is calculated by subtracting the mean thickness of the bell at four-fifths of the way across the radius from ('2) above. The thickness of the bell (f22) is represented as the slope of the best-fit line through a scatterplot of bell thicknesses at r/5-intervals constrained to pass through the origin, and the shape of the bell (f21) is defined as convex, straight, undulating, or concave, relative to the best-fit line. 

Canals may not consistently branch and merge in pairs. Some anastomoses may involve more than two canals, some canals may give rise to branches that do not merge with other canals, and some such cul-de-sac appear to be little more than momentary broadening or turns in the originating canal. As such, four explicit procedures can be used to ensure consistency in canal meristics among medusae. First, anastomoses of apparently &amp;gt;= 4 canals (c), which might simply be indistinguishable from &amp;gt;= 2 very close anastomoses each involving 3 canals, are defined as comprising c - 2 anastomoses each separated by a zero-length branch. Second, all cul-de-sac are considered to be sinuses of the originating canal and, thus, do not contribute to the total number of anastomoses. Third, adradial canals are used to define quadrants. Fourth, only the total (T) number of anastomoses is counted, rather than number of divergent (D) and convergent (C) anastomoses, because it can be difficult to discern a convergence from a divergence and because these measures are not independent (D + C = T). 

Scale photographic distances (xp: f29, f30) to true distances (xt) using the equation XT = XP*dt/dp, where d is bell diameter. 

--- 

Download EXCEL files that will automatically calculate population parameters if you have (1) measured medusae over a range of sizes [UNDER CONSTRUCTION] or (2) measured medusae in a single size-class [UNDER CONSTRUCTION]. 

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>538</id>
      <parentid>533</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:36:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6513">'''Characteristics of the Genus (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Ulmaridae in which the tentacles and lappets arise from the sides of the exumbrella above the margin; invaginated gonads with external subgenital pits. With four unbranched mouth-arms; bell margin divided into eight or 16 broad velar lobes; some or all radial canals give rise to anastomosing branches. 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

'''Meristics and morphometric features (following Dawson 2003)''' 

[[Image:AureliaMorphometrics.jpg|left|Aurelia Morphometrics]]

'''Methods''' 

At least 30 meristic and morphological features (f; or indirect measurements thereof as indicated by ') can be measured on each medusae. Measurements should be made as soon as possible after collection. 

Place a medusa exumbrella surface down on a flat surface. (f1) Measure the bell diameter of relaxed medusa. 

Put the medusa in a small holding vessel containing ambient salinity water. ('2) Measure the combined height of the bell plus manubrium by flattening the exumbrella surface against the wall of the vessel and inserting a mm-calibrated probe into the center of the mouth and through the bell [see Notes below for calculation of f2]. (f3) Sketch/photograph the form of the oral arm and estimate the degree of folding on a 5 point scale [0-2, half-point intervals]. (f4) Remove the medusa from the water, place it in a mesh [1 mm-sqr] bag, drain of water for 20 s and weigh to nearest 5g on a spring-loaded balance. 

Place medusa, flat, exumbrella surface down, on an horizontal transparent surface illuminated from below by a circular 40W fluorescent light. Place a thin mark [e.g. toothpick] snug against the manubrium, perpendicular to and at the base of each oral arm. Use calipers to measure (f5) length of the oral arms, from the base of the manubrium to tip of the arm (f6) breadth of the base of the manubrium. (f7) width of oral arms halfway along their length. 

Amputate the oral arms. (f8) Sketch the shape of the gastric and gonadal tissue. (f9) Measure the distances between the most proximate points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f10) Measure the distances between the most distal points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f11) Measure the diameter of the subgenital pore. (f12) Describe the placement of the subgenital pore relative to the gastric tissues [categorize as &quot;central and widely circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;adjacent to but circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;overlapping with&quot;, or &quot;circumscribing&quot; the gastric filaments]. (f13) Document the degree of thickening of the mesoglea surrounding the subgenital pore [0-2, half-point intervals]. 

Use a standard palette of reference colours to describe (f14) colour of gastric tissue, (f15) colour of gonad, if mature, (f16) colour of umbrella, and (f17) colour of bell margin. (f18) Biopsy the gonadal tissue, if present, and examined under a dissecting microscope to determine the sex of medusae. (f19) Enumerate the number of velar lobes per quadrant. (f20) Enumerate the number of rhopalia per quadrant. ('21, '22) Measure the thickness of the umbrella at intervals of one-fifth of the bell radius (r) across two opposite perradial axes using the mm-calibrated probe [the first and last measurements are, by definition, zero] to determine bell-shape and bell thickness [see Notes below for calculations of f21 and f22]. 

Inject the radial canal system of the medusa with food dye and photograph each quadrant. Use the pictures to describe eight features of the canal system and two features of the bell margin, per quadrant [see Notes below], as follows. (f23) The number of originations of perradial canals. (f24) The number of originations of interradial canals [defined as = 1 unless obviously &amp;gt;1]. (f25) The number of originations of adradial canals. (f26) The number of anastomoses between perradial canals [i.e. perradial-perradial]. (f27) The number of anastomoses between interradial canals [i.e. interradial-interradial], and (f28) The number of anastomoses with adradial canals [i.e. perradial-adradial, interradial-adradial, adradial-adradial, PAI]. 

Draw lines tangentially across adjacent velar lobes and measure the perpendicular distance measured from the line to the center of anastomoses between the ring and radial canals (f29) at the rhopalia [i.e. interradial, perradial] (f30) at non-rhopalar positions [i.e. adradial]. [See Notes below.] 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Notes''' 

Several features are not measured directly but are estimated from the measurements described above. The depth of the manubrium (f2) is calculated by subtracting the mean thickness of the bell at four-fifths of the way across the radius from ('2) above. The thickness of the bell (f22) is represented as the slope of the best-fit line through a scatterplot of bell thicknesses at r/5-intervals constrained to pass through the origin, and the shape of the bell (f21) is defined as convex, straight, undulating, or concave, relative to the best-fit line. 

Canals may not consistently branch and merge in pairs. Some anastomoses may involve more than two canals, some canals may give rise to branches that do not merge with other canals, and some such cul-de-sac appear to be little more than momentary broadening or turns in the originating canal. As such, four explicit procedures can be used to ensure consistency in canal meristics among medusae. First, anastomoses of apparently &amp;gt;= 4 canals (c), which might simply be indistinguishable from &amp;gt;= 2 very close anastomoses each involving 3 canals, are defined as comprising c - 2 anastomoses each separated by a zero-length branch. Second, all cul-de-sac are considered to be sinuses of the originating canal and, thus, do not contribute to the total number of anastomoses. Third, adradial canals are used to define quadrants. Fourth, only the total (T) number of anastomoses is counted, rather than number of divergent (D) and convergent (C) anastomoses, because it can be difficult to discern a convergence from a divergence and because these measures are not independent (D + C = T). 

Scale photographic distances (xp: f29, f30) to true distances (xt) using the equation XT = XP*dt/dp, where d is bell diameter. 

--- 

Download EXCEL files that will automatically calculate population parameters if you have (1) measured medusae over a range of sizes [UNDER CONSTRUCTION] or (2) measured medusae in a single size-class [UNDER CONSTRUCTION]. 

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>681</id>
      <parentid>538</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T04:40:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7249">'''Characteristics of the Genus (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Ulmaridae in which the tentacles and lappets arise from the sides of the exumbrella above the margin; invaginated gonads with external subgenital pits. With four unbranched mouth-arms; bell margin divided into eight or 16 broad velar lobes; some or all radial canals give rise to anastomosing branches. 

&lt;br&gt; 


----
'''Life Cycle'''

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:a2.jpg|Swimmin Planulae
File:a3.jpg|Scyphistoma with developing mouth and four rudimentary primary tentacles (2 days post settlement) 
File:a4.jpg|Four primary tentacles further developed 
File:a5.jpg|Early eight tentacles stage: scyphistomae with four well developed primary tentacles and additional four rudimentary secondary tentacles developing
File:a6.jpg|16 tentacles stage
File:a7.jpg|Cluster of mature scyphistomae 
File:a8.jpg|Scyphistomae beginning to strobilate (neck elongation and segmentation phase) 
File:a9.jpg|Strobila ready to release ephyrae
File:a10.jpg|Newly released ephyra
File:a11.jpg|Juvenile medusa 
File:a1.jpg|Mature medusa 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

Contributed by ''Chad Widmer''
----

'''Meristics and morphometric features (following Dawson 2003)''' 

[[Image:AureliaMorphometrics.jpg|left|Aurelia Morphometrics]] 

'''Methods''' 

At least 30 meristic and morphological features (f; or indirect measurements thereof as indicated by ') can be measured on each medusae. Measurements should be made as soon as possible after collection. 

Place a medusa exumbrella surface down on a flat surface. (f1) Measure the bell diameter of relaxed medusa. 

Put the medusa in a small holding vessel containing ambient salinity water. ('2) Measure the combined height of the bell plus manubrium by flattening the exumbrella surface against the wall of the vessel and inserting a mm-calibrated probe into the center of the mouth and through the bell [see Notes below for calculation of f2]. (f3) Sketch/photograph the form of the oral arm and estimate the degree of folding on a 5 point scale [0-2, half-point intervals]. (f4) Remove the medusa from the water, place it in a mesh [1 mm-sqr] bag, drain of water for 20 s and weigh to nearest 5g on a spring-loaded balance. 

Place medusa, flat, exumbrella surface down, on an horizontal transparent surface illuminated from below by a circular 40W fluorescent light. Place a thin mark [e.g. toothpick] snug against the manubrium, perpendicular to and at the base of each oral arm. Use calipers to measure (f5) length of the oral arms, from the base of the manubrium to tip of the arm (f6) breadth of the base of the manubrium. (f7) width of oral arms halfway along their length. 

Amputate the oral arms. (f8) Sketch the shape of the gastric and gonadal tissue. (f9) Measure the distances between the most proximate points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f10) Measure the distances between the most distal points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f11) Measure the diameter of the subgenital pore. (f12) Describe the placement of the subgenital pore relative to the gastric tissues [categorize as &quot;central and widely circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;adjacent to but circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;overlapping with&quot;, or &quot;circumscribing&quot; the gastric filaments]. (f13) Document the degree of thickening of the mesoglea surrounding the subgenital pore [0-2, half-point intervals]. 

Use a standard palette of reference colours to describe (f14) colour of gastric tissue, (f15) colour of gonad, if mature, (f16) colour of umbrella, and (f17) colour of bell margin. (f18) Biopsy the gonadal tissue, if present, and examined under a dissecting microscope to determine the sex of medusae. (f19) Enumerate the number of velar lobes per quadrant. (f20) Enumerate the number of rhopalia per quadrant. ('21, '22) Measure the thickness of the umbrella at intervals of one-fifth of the bell radius (r) across two opposite perradial axes using the mm-calibrated probe [the first and last measurements are, by definition, zero] to determine bell-shape and bell thickness [see Notes below for calculations of f21 and f22]. 

Inject the radial canal system of the medusa with food dye and photograph each quadrant. Use the pictures to describe eight features of the canal system and two features of the bell margin, per quadrant [see Notes below], as follows. (f23) The number of originations of perradial canals. (f24) The number of originations of interradial canals [defined as = 1 unless obviously &amp;gt;1]. (f25) The number of originations of adradial canals. (f26) The number of anastomoses between perradial canals [i.e. perradial-perradial]. (f27) The number of anastomoses between interradial canals [i.e. interradial-interradial], and (f28) The number of anastomoses with adradial canals [i.e. perradial-adradial, interradial-adradial, adradial-adradial, PAI]. 

Draw lines tangentially across adjacent velar lobes and measure the perpendicular distance measured from the line to the center of anastomoses between the ring and radial canals (f29) at the rhopalia [i.e. interradial, perradial] (f30) at non-rhopalar positions [i.e. adradial]. [See Notes below.] 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Notes''' 

Several features are not measured directly but are estimated from the measurements described above. The depth of the manubrium (f2) is calculated by subtracting the mean thickness of the bell at four-fifths of the way across the radius from ('2) above. The thickness of the bell (f22) is represented as the slope of the best-fit line through a scatterplot of bell thicknesses at r/5-intervals constrained to pass through the origin, and the shape of the bell (f21) is defined as convex, straight, undulating, or concave, relative to the best-fit line. 

Canals may not consistently branch and merge in pairs. Some anastomoses may involve more than two canals, some canals may give rise to branches that do not merge with other canals, and some such cul-de-sac appear to be little more than momentary broadening or turns in the originating canal. As such, four explicit procedures can be used to ensure consistency in canal meristics among medusae. First, anastomoses of apparently &amp;gt;= 4 canals (c), which might simply be indistinguishable from &amp;gt;= 2 very close anastomoses each involving 3 canals, are defined as comprising c - 2 anastomoses each separated by a zero-length branch. Second, all cul-de-sac are considered to be sinuses of the originating canal and, thus, do not contribute to the total number of anastomoses. Third, adradial canals are used to define quadrants. Fourth, only the total (T) number of anastomoses is counted, rather than number of divergent (D) and convergent (C) anastomoses, because it can be difficult to discern a convergence from a divergence and because these measures are not independent (D + C = T). 

Scale photographic distances (xp: f29, f30) to true distances (xt) using the equation XT = XP*dt/dp, where d is bell diameter. 

--- 

Download EXCEL files that will automatically calculate population parameters if you have (1) measured medusae over a range of sizes [UNDER CONSTRUCTION] or (2) measured medusae in a single size-class [UNDER CONSTRUCTION]. 

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>683</id>
      <parentid>681</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T04:43:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7243">'''Characteristics of the Genus (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Ulmaridae in which the tentacles and lappets arise from the sides of the exumbrella above the margin; invaginated gonads with external subgenital pits. With four unbranched mouth-arms; bell margin divided into eight or 16 broad velar lobes; some or all radial canals give rise to anastomosing branches. 

&lt;br&gt; 


----
'''Life Cycle'''

&lt;gallery&gt;
[a2.jpg]|Swimmin Planulae
File:a3.jpg|Scyphistoma with developing mouth and four rudimentary primary tentacles (2 days post settlement) 
File:a4.jpg|Four primary tentacles further developed 
File:a5.jpg|Early eight tentacles stage: scyphistomae with four well developed primary tentacles and additional four rudimentary secondary tentacles developing
File:a6.jpg|16 tentacles stage
File:a7.jpg|Cluster of mature scyphistomae 
File:a8.jpg|Scyphistomae beginning to strobilate (neck elongation and segmentation phase) 
File:a9.jpg|Strobila ready to release ephyrae
File:a10.jpg|Newly released ephyra
File:a11.jpg|Juvenile medusa 
[a1.jpg]|Mature medusa 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

Contributed by ''Chad Widmer''
----

'''Meristics and morphometric features (following Dawson 2003)''' 

[[Image:AureliaMorphometrics.jpg|left|Aurelia Morphometrics]] 

'''Methods''' 

At least 30 meristic and morphological features (f; or indirect measurements thereof as indicated by ') can be measured on each medusae. Measurements should be made as soon as possible after collection. 

Place a medusa exumbrella surface down on a flat surface. (f1) Measure the bell diameter of relaxed medusa. 

Put the medusa in a small holding vessel containing ambient salinity water. ('2) Measure the combined height of the bell plus manubrium by flattening the exumbrella surface against the wall of the vessel and inserting a mm-calibrated probe into the center of the mouth and through the bell [see Notes below for calculation of f2]. (f3) Sketch/photograph the form of the oral arm and estimate the degree of folding on a 5 point scale [0-2, half-point intervals]. (f4) Remove the medusa from the water, place it in a mesh [1 mm-sqr] bag, drain of water for 20 s and weigh to nearest 5g on a spring-loaded balance. 

Place medusa, flat, exumbrella surface down, on an horizontal transparent surface illuminated from below by a circular 40W fluorescent light. Place a thin mark [e.g. toothpick] snug against the manubrium, perpendicular to and at the base of each oral arm. Use calipers to measure (f5) length of the oral arms, from the base of the manubrium to tip of the arm (f6) breadth of the base of the manubrium. (f7) width of oral arms halfway along their length. 

Amputate the oral arms. (f8) Sketch the shape of the gastric and gonadal tissue. (f9) Measure the distances between the most proximate points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f10) Measure the distances between the most distal points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f11) Measure the diameter of the subgenital pore. (f12) Describe the placement of the subgenital pore relative to the gastric tissues [categorize as &quot;central and widely circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;adjacent to but circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;overlapping with&quot;, or &quot;circumscribing&quot; the gastric filaments]. (f13) Document the degree of thickening of the mesoglea surrounding the subgenital pore [0-2, half-point intervals]. 

Use a standard palette of reference colours to describe (f14) colour of gastric tissue, (f15) colour of gonad, if mature, (f16) colour of umbrella, and (f17) colour of bell margin. (f18) Biopsy the gonadal tissue, if present, and examined under a dissecting microscope to determine the sex of medusae. (f19) Enumerate the number of velar lobes per quadrant. (f20) Enumerate the number of rhopalia per quadrant. ('21, '22) Measure the thickness of the umbrella at intervals of one-fifth of the bell radius (r) across two opposite perradial axes using the mm-calibrated probe [the first and last measurements are, by definition, zero] to determine bell-shape and bell thickness [see Notes below for calculations of f21 and f22]. 

Inject the radial canal system of the medusa with food dye and photograph each quadrant. Use the pictures to describe eight features of the canal system and two features of the bell margin, per quadrant [see Notes below], as follows. (f23) The number of originations of perradial canals. (f24) The number of originations of interradial canals [defined as = 1 unless obviously &amp;gt;1]. (f25) The number of originations of adradial canals. (f26) The number of anastomoses between perradial canals [i.e. perradial-perradial]. (f27) The number of anastomoses between interradial canals [i.e. interradial-interradial], and (f28) The number of anastomoses with adradial canals [i.e. perradial-adradial, interradial-adradial, adradial-adradial, PAI]. 

Draw lines tangentially across adjacent velar lobes and measure the perpendicular distance measured from the line to the center of anastomoses between the ring and radial canals (f29) at the rhopalia [i.e. interradial, perradial] (f30) at non-rhopalar positions [i.e. adradial]. [See Notes below.] 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Notes''' 

Several features are not measured directly but are estimated from the measurements described above. The depth of the manubrium (f2) is calculated by subtracting the mean thickness of the bell at four-fifths of the way across the radius from ('2) above. The thickness of the bell (f22) is represented as the slope of the best-fit line through a scatterplot of bell thicknesses at r/5-intervals constrained to pass through the origin, and the shape of the bell (f21) is defined as convex, straight, undulating, or concave, relative to the best-fit line. 

Canals may not consistently branch and merge in pairs. Some anastomoses may involve more than two canals, some canals may give rise to branches that do not merge with other canals, and some such cul-de-sac appear to be little more than momentary broadening or turns in the originating canal. As such, four explicit procedures can be used to ensure consistency in canal meristics among medusae. First, anastomoses of apparently &amp;gt;= 4 canals (c), which might simply be indistinguishable from &amp;gt;= 2 very close anastomoses each involving 3 canals, are defined as comprising c - 2 anastomoses each separated by a zero-length branch. Second, all cul-de-sac are considered to be sinuses of the originating canal and, thus, do not contribute to the total number of anastomoses. Third, adradial canals are used to define quadrants. Fourth, only the total (T) number of anastomoses is counted, rather than number of divergent (D) and convergent (C) anastomoses, because it can be difficult to discern a convergence from a divergence and because these measures are not independent (D + C = T). 

Scale photographic distances (xp: f29, f30) to true distances (xt) using the equation XT = XP*dt/dp, where d is bell diameter. 

--- 

Download EXCEL files that will automatically calculate population parameters if you have (1) measured medusae over a range of sizes [UNDER CONSTRUCTION] or (2) measured medusae in a single size-class [UNDER CONSTRUCTION]. 

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>684</id>
      <parentid>683</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T04:45:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7254">'''Characteristics of the Genus (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Ulmaridae in which the tentacles and lappets arise from the sides of the exumbrella above the margin; invaginated gonads with external subgenital pits. With four unbranched mouth-arms; bell margin divided into eight or 16 broad velar lobes; some or all radial canals give rise to anastomosing branches. 

&lt;br&gt; 


----
'''Life Cycle'''

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:a2.jpg|Swimmin Planulae
File:a3.jpg|Scyphistoma with developing mouth and four rudimentary primary tentacles (2 days post settlement) 
File:a4.jpg|Four primary tentacles further developed 
File:a5.jpg|Early eight tentacles stage: scyphistomae with four well developed primary tentacles and additional four rudimentary secondary tentacles developing
File:a6.jpg|16 tentacles stage
File:a7.jpg|Cluster of mature scyphistomae 
File:a8.jpg|Scyphistomae beginning to strobilate (neck elongation and segmentation phase) 
File:a9.jpg|Strobila ready to release ephyrae
File:a10.jpg|Newly released ephyra
File:a11.jpg|Juvenile medusa 
[[Image:a1.jpg]]|Mature medusa 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

Contributed by ''Chad Widmer''
----

'''Meristics and morphometric features (following Dawson 2003)''' 

[[Image:AureliaMorphometrics.jpg|left|Aurelia Morphometrics]] 

'''Methods''' 

At least 30 meristic and morphological features (f; or indirect measurements thereof as indicated by ') can be measured on each medusae. Measurements should be made as soon as possible after collection. 

Place a medusa exumbrella surface down on a flat surface. (f1) Measure the bell diameter of relaxed medusa. 

Put the medusa in a small holding vessel containing ambient salinity water. ('2) Measure the combined height of the bell plus manubrium by flattening the exumbrella surface against the wall of the vessel and inserting a mm-calibrated probe into the center of the mouth and through the bell [see Notes below for calculation of f2]. (f3) Sketch/photograph the form of the oral arm and estimate the degree of folding on a 5 point scale [0-2, half-point intervals]. (f4) Remove the medusa from the water, place it in a mesh [1 mm-sqr] bag, drain of water for 20 s and weigh to nearest 5g on a spring-loaded balance. 

Place medusa, flat, exumbrella surface down, on an horizontal transparent surface illuminated from below by a circular 40W fluorescent light. Place a thin mark [e.g. toothpick] snug against the manubrium, perpendicular to and at the base of each oral arm. Use calipers to measure (f5) length of the oral arms, from the base of the manubrium to tip of the arm (f6) breadth of the base of the manubrium. (f7) width of oral arms halfway along their length. 

Amputate the oral arms. (f8) Sketch the shape of the gastric and gonadal tissue. (f9) Measure the distances between the most proximate points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f10) Measure the distances between the most distal points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f11) Measure the diameter of the subgenital pore. (f12) Describe the placement of the subgenital pore relative to the gastric tissues [categorize as &quot;central and widely circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;adjacent to but circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;overlapping with&quot;, or &quot;circumscribing&quot; the gastric filaments]. (f13) Document the degree of thickening of the mesoglea surrounding the subgenital pore [0-2, half-point intervals]. 

Use a standard palette of reference colours to describe (f14) colour of gastric tissue, (f15) colour of gonad, if mature, (f16) colour of umbrella, and (f17) colour of bell margin. (f18) Biopsy the gonadal tissue, if present, and examined under a dissecting microscope to determine the sex of medusae. (f19) Enumerate the number of velar lobes per quadrant. (f20) Enumerate the number of rhopalia per quadrant. ('21, '22) Measure the thickness of the umbrella at intervals of one-fifth of the bell radius (r) across two opposite perradial axes using the mm-calibrated probe [the first and last measurements are, by definition, zero] to determine bell-shape and bell thickness [see Notes below for calculations of f21 and f22]. 

Inject the radial canal system of the medusa with food dye and photograph each quadrant. Use the pictures to describe eight features of the canal system and two features of the bell margin, per quadrant [see Notes below], as follows. (f23) The number of originations of perradial canals. (f24) The number of originations of interradial canals [defined as = 1 unless obviously &amp;gt;1]. (f25) The number of originations of adradial canals. (f26) The number of anastomoses between perradial canals [i.e. perradial-perradial]. (f27) The number of anastomoses between interradial canals [i.e. interradial-interradial], and (f28) The number of anastomoses with adradial canals [i.e. perradial-adradial, interradial-adradial, adradial-adradial, PAI]. 

Draw lines tangentially across adjacent velar lobes and measure the perpendicular distance measured from the line to the center of anastomoses between the ring and radial canals (f29) at the rhopalia [i.e. interradial, perradial] (f30) at non-rhopalar positions [i.e. adradial]. [See Notes below.] 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Notes''' 

Several features are not measured directly but are estimated from the measurements described above. The depth of the manubrium (f2) is calculated by subtracting the mean thickness of the bell at four-fifths of the way across the radius from ('2) above. The thickness of the bell (f22) is represented as the slope of the best-fit line through a scatterplot of bell thicknesses at r/5-intervals constrained to pass through the origin, and the shape of the bell (f21) is defined as convex, straight, undulating, or concave, relative to the best-fit line. 

Canals may not consistently branch and merge in pairs. Some anastomoses may involve more than two canals, some canals may give rise to branches that do not merge with other canals, and some such cul-de-sac appear to be little more than momentary broadening or turns in the originating canal. As such, four explicit procedures can be used to ensure consistency in canal meristics among medusae. First, anastomoses of apparently &amp;gt;= 4 canals (c), which might simply be indistinguishable from &amp;gt;= 2 very close anastomoses each involving 3 canals, are defined as comprising c - 2 anastomoses each separated by a zero-length branch. Second, all cul-de-sac are considered to be sinuses of the originating canal and, thus, do not contribute to the total number of anastomoses. Third, adradial canals are used to define quadrants. Fourth, only the total (T) number of anastomoses is counted, rather than number of divergent (D) and convergent (C) anastomoses, because it can be difficult to discern a convergence from a divergence and because these measures are not independent (D + C = T). 

Scale photographic distances (xp: f29, f30) to true distances (xt) using the equation XT = XP*dt/dp, where d is bell diameter. 

--- 

Download EXCEL files that will automatically calculate population parameters if you have (1) measured medusae over a range of sizes [UNDER CONSTRUCTION] or (2) measured medusae in a single size-class [UNDER CONSTRUCTION]. 

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>685</id>
      <parentid>684</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T05:20:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7257">'''Characteristics of the Genus (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Ulmaridae in which the tentacles and lappets arise from the sides of the exumbrella above the margin; invaginated gonads with external subgenital pits. With four unbranched mouth-arms; bell margin divided into eight or 16 broad velar lobes; some or all radial canals give rise to anastomosing branches. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

'''Life Cycle''' 

&lt;gallery&gt;File:a2.jpg|Swimmin Planulae
File:a3.jpg|Scyphistoma with developing mouth and four rudimentary primary tentacles (2 days post settlement) 
File:a4.jpg|Four primary tentacles further developed 
File:a5.jpg|Early eight tentacles stage: scyphistomae with four well developed primary tentacles and additional four rudimentary secondary tentacles developing
File:a6.jpg|16 tentacles stage
File:a7.jpg|Cluster of mature scyphistomae 
File:a8.jpg|Scyphistomae beginning to strobilate (neck elongation and segmentation phase) 
File:a9.jpg|Strobila ready to release ephyrae
File:a10.jpg|Newly released ephyra
File:a11.jpg|Juvenile medusa 
File:a1.jpg|Mature medusa&lt;/gallery&gt; 

Contributed by ''Chad Widmer'' 

----

'''Meristics and morphometric features (following Dawson 2003)''' 

[[Image:AureliaMorphometrics.jpg|left|Aurelia Morphometrics]] 

'''Methods''' 

At least 30 meristic and morphological features (f; or indirect measurements thereof as indicated by ') can be measured on each medusae. Measurements should be made as soon as possible after collection. 

Place a medusa exumbrella surface down on a flat surface. (f1) Measure the bell diameter of relaxed medusa. 

Put the medusa in a small holding vessel containing ambient salinity water. ('2) Measure the combined height of the bell plus manubrium by flattening the exumbrella surface against the wall of the vessel and inserting a mm-calibrated probe into the center of the mouth and through the bell [see Notes below for calculation of f2]. (f3) Sketch/photograph the form of the oral arm and estimate the degree of folding on a 5 point scale [0-2, half-point intervals]. (f4) Remove the medusa from the water, place it in a mesh [1 mm-sqr] bag, drain of water for 20 s and weigh to nearest 5g on a spring-loaded balance. 

Place medusa, flat, exumbrella surface down, on an horizontal transparent surface illuminated from below by a circular 40W fluorescent light. Place a thin mark [e.g. toothpick] snug against the manubrium, perpendicular to and at the base of each oral arm. Use calipers to measure (f5) length of the oral arms, from the base of the manubrium to tip of the arm (f6) breadth of the base of the manubrium. (f7) width of oral arms halfway along their length. 

Amputate the oral arms. (f8) Sketch the shape of the gastric and gonadal tissue. (f9) Measure the distances between the most proximate points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f10) Measure the distances between the most distal points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f11) Measure the diameter of the subgenital pore. (f12) Describe the placement of the subgenital pore relative to the gastric tissues [categorize as &quot;central and widely circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;adjacent to but circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;overlapping with&quot;, or &quot;circumscribing&quot; the gastric filaments]. (f13) Document the degree of thickening of the mesoglea surrounding the subgenital pore [0-2, half-point intervals]. 

Use a standard palette of reference colours to describe (f14) colour of gastric tissue, (f15) colour of gonad, if mature, (f16) colour of umbrella, and (f17) colour of bell margin. (f18) Biopsy the gonadal tissue, if present, and examined under a dissecting microscope to determine the sex of medusae. (f19) Enumerate the number of velar lobes per quadrant. (f20) Enumerate the number of rhopalia per quadrant. ('21, '22) Measure the thickness of the umbrella at intervals of one-fifth of the bell radius (r) across two opposite perradial axes using the mm-calibrated probe [the first and last measurements are, by definition, zero] to determine bell-shape and bell thickness [see Notes below for calculations of f21 and f22]. 

Inject the radial canal system of the medusa with food dye and photograph each quadrant. Use the pictures to describe eight features of the canal system and two features of the bell margin, per quadrant [see Notes below], as follows. (f23) The number of originations of perradial canals. (f24) The number of originations of interradial canals [defined as = 1 unless obviously &amp;gt;1]. (f25) The number of originations of adradial canals. (f26) The number of anastomoses between perradial canals [i.e. perradial-perradial]. (f27) The number of anastomoses between interradial canals [i.e. interradial-interradial], and (f28) The number of anastomoses with adradial canals [i.e. perradial-adradial, interradial-adradial, adradial-adradial, PAI]. 

Draw lines tangentially across adjacent velar lobes and measure the perpendicular distance measured from the line to the center of anastomoses between the ring and radial canals (f29) at the rhopalia [i.e. interradial, perradial] (f30) at non-rhopalar positions [i.e. adradial]. [See Notes below.] 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Notes''' 

Several features are not measured directly but are estimated from the measurements described above. The depth of the manubrium (f2) is calculated by subtracting the mean thickness of the bell at four-fifths of the way across the radius from ('2) above. The thickness of the bell (f22) is represented as the slope of the best-fit line through a scatterplot of bell thicknesses at r/5-intervals constrained to pass through the origin, and the shape of the bell (f21) is defined as convex, straight, undulating, or concave, relative to the best-fit line. 

Canals may not consistently branch and merge in pairs. Some anastomoses may involve more than two canals, some canals may give rise to branches that do not merge with other canals, and some such cul-de-sac appear to be little more than momentary broadening or turns in the originating canal. As such, four explicit procedures can be used to ensure consistency in canal meristics among medusae. First, anastomoses of apparently &amp;gt;= 4 canals (c), which might simply be indistinguishable from &amp;gt;= 2 very close anastomoses each involving 3 canals, are defined as comprising c - 2 anastomoses each separated by a zero-length branch. Second, all cul-de-sac are considered to be sinuses of the originating canal and, thus, do not contribute to the total number of anastomoses. Third, adradial canals are used to define quadrants. Fourth, only the total (T) number of anastomoses is counted, rather than number of divergent (D) and convergent (C) anastomoses, because it can be difficult to discern a convergence from a divergence and because these measures are not independent (D + C = T). 

Scale photographic distances (xp: f29, f30) to true distances (xt) using the equation XT = XP*dt/dp, where d is bell diameter. 

--- 

Download EXCEL files that will automatically calculate population parameters if you have (1) measured medusae over a range of sizes [UNDER CONSTRUCTION] or (2) measured medusae in a single size-class [UNDER CONSTRUCTION]. 

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>686</id>
      <parentid>685</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T07:40:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8338">== '''Characteristics '''&lt;br&gt; ==

'''Kramp 1961''' 

Ulmaridae in which the tentacles and lappets arise from the sides of the exumbrella above the margin; invaginated gonads with external subgenital pits. With four unbranched mouth-arms; bell margin divided into eight or 16 broad velar lobes; some or all radial canals give rise to anastomosing branches. 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

== '''Life Cycle'''  ==

&lt;gallery&gt;File:a2.jpg|Swimmin Planulae
File:a3.jpg|Scyphistoma with developing mouth and four rudimentary primary tentacles (2 days post settlement) 
File:a4.jpg|Four primary tentacles further developed 
File:a5.jpg|Early eight tentacles stage: scyphistomae with four well developed primary tentacles and additional four rudimentary secondary tentacles developing
File:a6.jpg|16 tentacles stage
File:a7.jpg|Cluster of mature scyphistomae 
File:a8.jpg|Scyphistomae beginning to strobilate (neck elongation and segmentation phase) 
File:a9.jpg|Strobila ready to release ephyrae
File:a10.jpg|Newly released ephyra
File:a11.jpg|Juvenile medusa 
File:a1.jpg|Mature medusa&lt;/gallery&gt; 

Contributed by ''Chad Widmer'' 

----

== '''Morphology'''&lt;br&gt; ==

'''Dawson 2003''' 

[[Image:AureliaMorphometrics.jpg|left|Aurelia Morphometrics]] 

'''Methods''' 

At least 30 meristic and morphological features (f; or indirect measurements thereof as indicated by ') can be measured on each medusae. Measurements should be made as soon as possible after collection. 

Place a medusa exumbrella surface down on a flat surface. (f1) Measure the bell diameter of relaxed medusa. 

Put the medusa in a small holding vessel containing ambient salinity water. ('2) Measure the combined height of the bell plus manubrium by flattening the exumbrella surface against the wall of the vessel and inserting a mm-calibrated probe into the center of the mouth and through the bell [see Notes below for calculation of f2]. (f3) Sketch/photograph the form of the oral arm and estimate the degree of folding on a 5 point scale [0-2, half-point intervals]. (f4) Remove the medusa from the water, place it in a mesh [1 mm-sqr] bag, drain of water for 20 s and weigh to nearest 5g on a spring-loaded balance. 

Place medusa, flat, exumbrella surface down, on an horizontal transparent surface illuminated from below by a circular 40W fluorescent light. Place a thin mark [e.g. toothpick] snug against the manubrium, perpendicular to and at the base of each oral arm. Use calipers to measure (f5) length of the oral arms, from the base of the manubrium to tip of the arm (f6) breadth of the base of the manubrium. (f7) width of oral arms halfway along their length. 

Amputate the oral arms. (f8) Sketch the shape of the gastric and gonadal tissue. (f9) Measure the distances between the most proximate points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f10) Measure the distances between the most distal points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f11) Measure the diameter of the subgenital pore. (f12) Describe the placement of the subgenital pore relative to the gastric tissues [categorize as &quot;central and widely circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;adjacent to but circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;overlapping with&quot;, or &quot;circumscribing&quot; the gastric filaments]. (f13) Document the degree of thickening of the mesoglea surrounding the subgenital pore [0-2, half-point intervals]. 

Use a standard palette of reference colours to describe (f14) colour of gastric tissue, (f15) colour of gonad, if mature, (f16) colour of umbrella, and (f17) colour of bell margin. (f18) Biopsy the gonadal tissue, if present, and examined under a dissecting microscope to determine the sex of medusae. (f19) Enumerate the number of velar lobes per quadrant. (f20) Enumerate the number of rhopalia per quadrant. ('21, '22) Measure the thickness of the umbrella at intervals of one-fifth of the bell radius (r) across two opposite perradial axes using the mm-calibrated probe [the first and last measurements are, by definition, zero] to determine bell-shape and bell thickness [see Notes below for calculations of f21 and f22]. 

Inject the radial canal system of the medusa with food dye and photograph each quadrant. Use the pictures to describe eight features of the canal system and two features of the bell margin, per quadrant [see Notes below], as follows. (f23) The number of originations of perradial canals. (f24) The number of originations of interradial canals [defined as = 1 unless obviously &amp;gt;1]. (f25) The number of originations of adradial canals. (f26) The number of anastomoses between perradial canals [i.e. perradial-perradial]. (f27) The number of anastomoses between interradial canals [i.e. interradial-interradial], and (f28) The number of anastomoses with adradial canals [i.e. perradial-adradial, interradial-adradial, adradial-adradial, PAI]. 

Draw lines tangentially across adjacent velar lobes and measure the perpendicular distance measured from the line to the center of anastomoses between the ring and radial canals (f29) at the rhopalia [i.e. interradial, perradial] (f30) at non-rhopalar positions [i.e. adradial]. [See Notes below.] 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Notes''' 

Several features are not measured directly but are estimated from the measurements described above. The depth of the manubrium (f2) is calculated by subtracting the mean thickness of the bell at four-fifths of the way across the radius from ('2) above. The thickness of the bell (f22) is represented as the slope of the best-fit line through a scatterplot of bell thicknesses at r/5-intervals constrained to pass through the origin, and the shape of the bell (f21) is defined as convex, straight, undulating, or concave, relative to the best-fit line. 

Canals may not consistently branch and merge in pairs. Some anastomoses may involve more than two canals, some canals may give rise to branches that do not merge with other canals, and some such cul-de-sac appear to be little more than momentary broadening or turns in the originating canal. As such, four explicit procedures can be used to ensure consistency in canal meristics among medusae. First, anastomoses of apparently &amp;gt;= 4 canals (c), which might simply be indistinguishable from &amp;gt;= 2 very close anastomoses each involving 3 canals, are defined as comprising c - 2 anastomoses each separated by a zero-length branch. Second, all cul-de-sac are considered to be sinuses of the originating canal and, thus, do not contribute to the total number of anastomoses. Third, adradial canals are used to define quadrants. Fourth, only the total (T) number of anastomoses is counted, rather than number of divergent (D) and convergent (C) anastomoses, because it can be difficult to discern a convergence from a divergence and because these measures are not independent (D + C = T). 

Scale photographic distances (xp: f29, f30) to true distances (xt) using the equation XT = XP*dt/dp, where d is bell diameter. 

--- 

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson&lt;br&gt;

== '''Pylogeny'''&lt;br&gt; ==

'''Figure:'''&lt;br&gt;Single shortest unrooted gene tree (Length 702 steps; consistency index 0.6677) resulting from maximum parsimony analyses of published Internal Transcribed Spacer One sequences. Sequences originally published in Schroth et al. (2002) are indicated by their original three or four letter identifier; all other sequences were originally published in Dawson and Jacobs (2001). Bootstrap values &amp;gt; 50% are shown above each branch. The morphologies of taxa in bold font (sp. 1, sp. 3, sp. 4, sp.6) are described by Dawson (2003).&lt;br&gt;

== Biogeography&lt;br&gt; ==

'''Figure:'''&lt;br&gt;The known distribution of the genus Aurelia (modified from Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001, Dawson unpubl. data). Colored regions indicate ranges of species of Aurelia inferred from DNA sequencing analyses of COI and ITS1 (Dawson &amp;amp; Jacobs 2001; Dawson unpubl. data) and 16S rDNA (Schroth et al. 2002). The disjunct distributions of Aurelia sp. 1 and Aurelia sp. 4 are thought to be the result of recent anthropogenic introductions (Dawson et al. unpubl. data). This may also be the case for Aurelia aurita in the Black Sea and Aurelia sp.8 in the Mediterranean or Red seas. The grey dots show coastal regions along which Aurelia has been reported to occur but for which species identifications are unclear. &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>689</id>
      <parentid>686</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T07:44:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8479">== '''Characteristics '''&lt;br&gt;  ==

'''Kramp 1961''' 

Ulmaridae in which the tentacles and lappets arise from the sides of the exumbrella above the margin; invaginated gonads with external subgenital pits. With four unbranched mouth-arms; bell margin divided into eight or 16 broad velar lobes; some or all radial canals give rise to anastomosing branches. 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

== '''Life Cycle'''  ==

&lt;gallery&gt;File:a2.jpg|Swimmin Planulae
File:a3.jpg|Scyphistoma with developing mouth and four rudimentary primary tentacles (2 days post settlement) 
File:a4.jpg|Four primary tentacles further developed 
File:a5.jpg|Early eight tentacles stage: scyphistomae with four well developed primary tentacles and additional four rudimentary secondary tentacles developing
File:a6.jpg|16 tentacles stage
File:a7.jpg|Cluster of mature scyphistomae 
File:a8.jpg|Scyphistomae beginning to strobilate (neck elongation and segmentation phase) 
File:a9.jpg|Strobila ready to release ephyrae
File:a10.jpg|Newly released ephyra
File:a11.jpg|Juvenile medusa 
File:a1.jpg|Mature medusa&lt;/gallery&gt; 

Contributed by ''Chad Widmer'' 

----

== '''Morphology'''&lt;br&gt;  ==

'''Dawson 2003''' 

[[Image:AureliaMorphometrics.jpg|left|Aurelia Morphometrics]] 

'''Methods''' 

At least 30 meristic and morphological features (f; or indirect measurements thereof as indicated by ') can be measured on each medusae. Measurements should be made as soon as possible after collection. 

Place a medusa exumbrella surface down on a flat surface. (f1) Measure the bell diameter of relaxed medusa. 

Put the medusa in a small holding vessel containing ambient salinity water. ('2) Measure the combined height of the bell plus manubrium by flattening the exumbrella surface against the wall of the vessel and inserting a mm-calibrated probe into the center of the mouth and through the bell [see Notes below for calculation of f2]. (f3) Sketch/photograph the form of the oral arm and estimate the degree of folding on a 5 point scale [0-2, half-point intervals]. (f4) Remove the medusa from the water, place it in a mesh [1 mm-sqr] bag, drain of water for 20 s and weigh to nearest 5g on a spring-loaded balance. 

Place medusa, flat, exumbrella surface down, on an horizontal transparent surface illuminated from below by a circular 40W fluorescent light. Place a thin mark [e.g. toothpick] snug against the manubrium, perpendicular to and at the base of each oral arm. Use calipers to measure (f5) length of the oral arms, from the base of the manubrium to tip of the arm (f6) breadth of the base of the manubrium. (f7) width of oral arms halfway along their length. 

Amputate the oral arms. (f8) Sketch the shape of the gastric and gonadal tissue. (f9) Measure the distances between the most proximate points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f10) Measure the distances between the most distal points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f11) Measure the diameter of the subgenital pore. (f12) Describe the placement of the subgenital pore relative to the gastric tissues [categorize as &quot;central and widely circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;adjacent to but circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;overlapping with&quot;, or &quot;circumscribing&quot; the gastric filaments]. (f13) Document the degree of thickening of the mesoglea surrounding the subgenital pore [0-2, half-point intervals]. 

Use a standard palette of reference colours to describe (f14) colour of gastric tissue, (f15) colour of gonad, if mature, (f16) colour of umbrella, and (f17) colour of bell margin. (f18) Biopsy the gonadal tissue, if present, and examined under a dissecting microscope to determine the sex of medusae. (f19) Enumerate the number of velar lobes per quadrant. (f20) Enumerate the number of rhopalia per quadrant. ('21, '22) Measure the thickness of the umbrella at intervals of one-fifth of the bell radius (r) across two opposite perradial axes using the mm-calibrated probe [the first and last measurements are, by definition, zero] to determine bell-shape and bell thickness [see Notes below for calculations of f21 and f22]. 

Inject the radial canal system of the medusa with food dye and photograph each quadrant. Use the pictures to describe eight features of the canal system and two features of the bell margin, per quadrant [see Notes below], as follows. (f23) The number of originations of perradial canals. (f24) The number of originations of interradial canals [defined as = 1 unless obviously &amp;gt;1]. (f25) The number of originations of adradial canals. (f26) The number of anastomoses between perradial canals [i.e. perradial-perradial]. (f27) The number of anastomoses between interradial canals [i.e. interradial-interradial], and (f28) The number of anastomoses with adradial canals [i.e. perradial-adradial, interradial-adradial, adradial-adradial, PAI]. 

Draw lines tangentially across adjacent velar lobes and measure the perpendicular distance measured from the line to the center of anastomoses between the ring and radial canals (f29) at the rhopalia [i.e. interradial, perradial] (f30) at non-rhopalar positions [i.e. adradial]. [See Notes below.] 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Notes''' 

Several features are not measured directly but are estimated from the measurements described above. The depth of the manubrium (f2) is calculated by subtracting the mean thickness of the bell at four-fifths of the way across the radius from ('2) above. The thickness of the bell (f22) is represented as the slope of the best-fit line through a scatterplot of bell thicknesses at r/5-intervals constrained to pass through the origin, and the shape of the bell (f21) is defined as convex, straight, undulating, or concave, relative to the best-fit line. 

Canals may not consistently branch and merge in pairs. Some anastomoses may involve more than two canals, some canals may give rise to branches that do not merge with other canals, and some such cul-de-sac appear to be little more than momentary broadening or turns in the originating canal. As such, four explicit procedures can be used to ensure consistency in canal meristics among medusae. First, anastomoses of apparently &amp;gt;= 4 canals (c), which might simply be indistinguishable from &amp;gt;= 2 very close anastomoses each involving 3 canals, are defined as comprising c - 2 anastomoses each separated by a zero-length branch. Second, all cul-de-sac are considered to be sinuses of the originating canal and, thus, do not contribute to the total number of anastomoses. Third, adradial canals are used to define quadrants. Fourth, only the total (T) number of anastomoses is counted, rather than number of divergent (D) and convergent (C) anastomoses, because it can be difficult to discern a convergence from a divergence and because these measures are not independent (D + C = T). 

Scale photographic distances (xp: f29, f30) to true distances (xt) using the equation XT = XP*dt/dp, where d is bell diameter. 

--- 

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson&lt;br&gt;'' 

== '''Pylogeny'''&lt;br&gt;  ==
[[Image:AureliaPhylogram.jpg|frame|left|Aurelia Phylogram]]

'''Figure:'''&lt;br&gt;Single shortest unrooted gene tree (Length 702 steps; consistency index 0.6677) resulting from maximum parsimony analyses of published Internal Transcribed Spacer One sequences. Sequences originally published in Schroth et al. (2002) are indicated by their original three or four letter identifier; all other sequences were originally published in Dawson and Jacobs (2001). Bootstrap values &amp;gt; 50% are shown above each branch. The morphologies of taxa in bold font (sp. 1, sp. 3, sp. 4, sp.6) are described by Dawson (2003).&lt;br&gt; 

== Biogeography&lt;br&gt;  ==
[[Image:AureliaBiogeogrFig.jpg|frame|right|Aurelia Biogeography Figure]]

'''Figure:'''&lt;br&gt;The known distribution of the genus Aurelia (modified from Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001, Dawson unpubl. data). Colored regions indicate ranges of species of Aurelia inferred from DNA sequencing analyses of COI and ITS1 (Dawson &amp;amp; Jacobs 2001; Dawson unpubl. data) and 16S rDNA (Schroth et al. 2002). The disjunct distributions of Aurelia sp. 1 and Aurelia sp. 4 are thought to be the result of recent anthropogenic introductions (Dawson et al. unpubl. data). This may also be the case for Aurelia aurita in the Black Sea and Aurelia sp.8 in the Mediterranean or Red seas. The grey dots show coastal regions along which Aurelia has been reported to occur but for which species identifications are unclear. &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>690</id>
      <parentid>689</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T07:48:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8463">== Characteristics &lt;br&gt;  ==

'''Kramp 1961''' 

Ulmaridae in which the tentacles and lappets arise from the sides of the exumbrella above the margin; invaginated gonads with external subgenital pits. With four unbranched mouth-arms; bell margin divided into eight or 16 broad velar lobes; some or all radial canals give rise to anastomosing branches. 
 ==

&lt;gallery&gt;File:a2.jpg|Swimmin Planulae
File:a3.jpg|Scyphistoma with developing mouth and four rudimentary primary tentacles (2 days post settlement) 
File:a4.jpg|Four primary tentacles further developed 
File:a5.jpg|Early eight tentacles stage: scyphistomae with four well developed primary tentacles and additional four rudimentary secondary tentacles developing
File:a6.jpg|16 tentacles stage
File:a7.jpg|Cluster of mature scyphistomae 
File:a8.jpg|Scyphistomae beginning to strobilate (neck elongation and segmentation phase) 
File:a9.jpg|Strobila ready to release ephyrae
File:a10.jpg|Newly released ephyra
File:a11.jpg|Juvenile medusa 
File:a1.jpg|Mature medusa&lt;/gallery&gt; 

Contributed by ''Chad Widmer'' 

== Morphology&lt;br&gt;  ==

'''Dawson 2003''' 

[[Image:AureliaMorphometrics.jpg|left|Aurelia Morphometrics]] 

'''Methods''' 

At least 30 meristic and morphological features (f; or indirect measurements thereof as indicated by ') can be measured on each medusae. Measurements should be made as soon as possible after collection. 

Place a medusa exumbrella surface down on a flat surface. (f1) Measure the bell diameter of relaxed medusa. 

Put the medusa in a small holding vessel containing ambient salinity water. ('2) Measure the combined height of the bell plus manubrium by flattening the exumbrella surface against the wall of the vessel and inserting a mm-calibrated probe into the center of the mouth and through the bell [see Notes below for calculation of f2]. (f3) Sketch/photograph the form of the oral arm and estimate the degree of folding on a 5 point scale [0-2, half-point intervals]. (f4) Remove the medusa from the water, place it in a mesh [1 mm-sqr] bag, drain of water for 20 s and weigh to nearest 5g on a spring-loaded balance. 

Place medusa, flat, exumbrella surface down, on an horizontal transparent surface illuminated from below by a circular 40W fluorescent light. Place a thin mark [e.g. toothpick] snug against the manubrium, perpendicular to and at the base of each oral arm. Use calipers to measure (f5) length of the oral arms, from the base of the manubrium to tip of the arm (f6) breadth of the base of the manubrium. (f7) width of oral arms halfway along their length. 

Amputate the oral arms. (f8) Sketch the shape of the gastric and gonadal tissue. (f9) Measure the distances between the most proximate points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f10) Measure the distances between the most distal points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f11) Measure the diameter of the subgenital pore. (f12) Describe the placement of the subgenital pore relative to the gastric tissues [categorize as &quot;central and widely circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;adjacent to but circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;overlapping with&quot;, or &quot;circumscribing&quot; the gastric filaments]. (f13) Document the degree of thickening of the mesoglea surrounding the subgenital pore [0-2, half-point intervals]. 

Use a standard palette of reference colours to describe (f14) colour of gastric tissue, (f15) colour of gonad, if mature, (f16) colour of umbrella, and (f17) colour of bell margin. (f18) Biopsy the gonadal tissue, if present, and examined under a dissecting microscope to determine the sex of medusae. (f19) Enumerate the number of velar lobes per quadrant. (f20) Enumerate the number of rhopalia per quadrant. ('21, '22) Measure the thickness of the umbrella at intervals of one-fifth of the bell radius (r) across two opposite perradial axes using the mm-calibrated probe [the first and last measurements are, by definition, zero] to determine bell-shape and bell thickness [see Notes below for calculations of f21 and f22]. 

Inject the radial canal system of the medusa with food dye and photograph each quadrant. Use the pictures to describe eight features of the canal system and two features of the bell margin, per quadrant [see Notes below], as follows. (f23) The number of originations of perradial canals. (f24) The number of originations of interradial canals [defined as = 1 unless obviously &amp;gt;1]. (f25) The number of originations of adradial canals. (f26) The number of anastomoses between perradial canals [i.e. perradial-perradial]. (f27) The number of anastomoses between interradial canals [i.e. interradial-interradial], and (f28) The number of anastomoses with adradial canals [i.e. perradial-adradial, interradial-adradial, adradial-adradial, PAI]. 

Draw lines tangentially across adjacent velar lobes and measure the perpendicular distance measured from the line to the center of anastomoses between the ring and radial canals (f29) at the rhopalia [i.e. interradial, perradial] (f30) at non-rhopalar positions [i.e. adradial]. [See Notes below.] 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Notes''' 

Several features are not measured directly but are estimated from the measurements described above. The depth of the manubrium (f2) is calculated by subtracting the mean thickness of the bell at four-fifths of the way across the radius from ('2) above. The thickness of the bell (f22) is represented as the slope of the best-fit line through a scatterplot of bell thicknesses at r/5-intervals constrained to pass through the origin, and the shape of the bell (f21) is defined as convex, straight, undulating, or concave, relative to the best-fit line. 

Canals may not consistently branch and merge in pairs. Some anastomoses may involve more than two canals, some canals may give rise to branches that do not merge with other canals, and some such cul-de-sac appear to be little more than momentary broadening or turns in the originating canal. As such, four explicit procedures can be used to ensure consistency in canal meristics among medusae. First, anastomoses of apparently &amp;gt;= 4 canals (c), which might simply be indistinguishable from &amp;gt;= 2 very close anastomoses each involving 3 canals, are defined as comprising c - 2 anastomoses each separated by a zero-length branch. Second, all cul-de-sac are considered to be sinuses of the originating canal and, thus, do not contribute to the total number of anastomoses. Third, adradial canals are used to define quadrants. Fourth, only the total (T) number of anastomoses is counted, rather than number of divergent (D) and convergent (C) anastomoses, because it can be difficult to discern a convergence from a divergence and because these measures are not independent (D + C = T). 

Scale photographic distances (xp: f29, f30) to true distances (xt) using the equation XT = XP*dt/dp, where d is bell diameter. 

--- 

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson&lt;br&gt;'' 

== Pylogeny&lt;br&gt;  ==

[[Image:AureliaPhylogram.jpg|frame|left|488x345px|Aurelia Phylogram]] 

'''Figure:'''&lt;br&gt;Single shortest unrooted gene tree (Length 702 steps; consistency index 0.6677) resulting from maximum parsimony analyses of published Internal Transcribed Spacer One sequences. Sequences originally published in Schroth et al. (2002) are indicated by their original three or four letter identifier; all other sequences were originally published in Dawson and Jacobs (2001). Bootstrap values &amp;gt; 50% are shown above each branch. The morphologies of taxa in bold font (sp. 1, sp. 3, sp. 4, sp.6) are described by Dawson (2003).&lt;br&gt; 



















== Biogeography&lt;br&gt;  ==

[[Image:AureliaBiogeogrFig.jpg|frame|right|706x374px|Aurelia Biogeography Figure]] 

'''Figure:'''&lt;br&gt;The known distribution of the genus Aurelia (modified from Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001, Dawson unpubl. data). Colored regions indicate ranges of species of Aurelia inferred from DNA sequencing analyses of COI and ITS1 (Dawson &amp;amp; Jacobs 2001; Dawson unpubl. data) and 16S rDNA (Schroth et al. 2002). The disjunct distributions of Aurelia sp. 1 and Aurelia sp. 4 are thought to be the result of recent anthropogenic introductions (Dawson et al. unpubl. data). This may also be the case for Aurelia aurita in the Black Sea and Aurelia sp.8 in the Mediterranean or Red seas. The grey dots show coastal regions along which Aurelia has been reported to occur but for which species identifications are unclear. &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>691</id>
      <parentid>690</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T07:53:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8527">== Characteristics &lt;br&gt;  ==

'''Kramp 1961''' 

Ulmaridae in which the tentacles and lappets arise from the sides of the exumbrella above the margin; invaginated gonads with external subgenital pits. With four unbranched mouth-arms; bell margin divided into eight or 16 broad velar lobes; some or all radial canals give rise to anastomosing branches.&lt;br&gt;

== Life Cycle ==

&lt;gallery&gt;File:a2.jpg|Swimmin Planulae
File:a3.jpg|Scyphistoma with developing mouth and four rudimentary primary tentacles (2 days post settlement) 
File:a4.jpg|Four primary tentacles further developed 
File:a5.jpg|Early eight tentacles stage: scyphistomae with four well developed primary tentacles and additional four rudimentary secondary tentacles developing
File:a6.jpg|16 tentacles stage
File:a7.jpg|Cluster of mature scyphistomae 
File:a8.jpg|Scyphistomae beginning to strobilate (neck elongation and segmentation phase) 
File:a9.jpg|Strobila ready to release ephyrae
File:a10.jpg|Newly released ephyra
File:a11.jpg|Juvenile medusa 
File:a1.jpg|Mature medusa&lt;/gallery&gt; 

Contributed by ''Chad Widmer'' 

== Morphology&lt;br&gt;  ==

'''Dawson 2003''' 

[[Image:AureliaMorphometrics.jpg|left|Aurelia Morphometrics]] 

'''Methods''' 

At least 30 meristic and morphological features (f; or indirect measurements thereof as indicated by ') can be measured on each medusae. Measurements should be made as soon as possible after collection. 

Place a medusa exumbrella surface down on a flat surface. (f1) Measure the bell diameter of relaxed medusa. 

Put the medusa in a small holding vessel containing ambient salinity water. ('2) Measure the combined height of the bell plus manubrium by flattening the exumbrella surface against the wall of the vessel and inserting a mm-calibrated probe into the center of the mouth and through the bell [see Notes below for calculation of f2]. (f3) Sketch/photograph the form of the oral arm and estimate the degree of folding on a 5 point scale [0-2, half-point intervals]. (f4) Remove the medusa from the water, place it in a mesh [1 mm-sqr] bag, drain of water for 20 s and weigh to nearest 5g on a spring-loaded balance. 

Place medusa, flat, exumbrella surface down, on an horizontal transparent surface illuminated from below by a circular 40W fluorescent light. Place a thin mark [e.g. toothpick] snug against the manubrium, perpendicular to and at the base of each oral arm. Use calipers to measure (f5) length of the oral arms, from the base of the manubrium to tip of the arm (f6) breadth of the base of the manubrium. (f7) width of oral arms halfway along their length. 

Amputate the oral arms. (f8) Sketch the shape of the gastric and gonadal tissue. (f9) Measure the distances between the most proximate points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f10) Measure the distances between the most distal points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f11) Measure the diameter of the subgenital pore. (f12) Describe the placement of the subgenital pore relative to the gastric tissues [categorize as &quot;central and widely circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;adjacent to but circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;overlapping with&quot;, or &quot;circumscribing&quot; the gastric filaments]. (f13) Document the degree of thickening of the mesoglea surrounding the subgenital pore [0-2, half-point intervals]. 

Use a standard palette of reference colours to describe (f14) colour of gastric tissue, (f15) colour of gonad, if mature, (f16) colour of umbrella, and (f17) colour of bell margin. (f18) Biopsy the gonadal tissue, if present, and examined under a dissecting microscope to determine the sex of medusae. (f19) Enumerate the number of velar lobes per quadrant. (f20) Enumerate the number of rhopalia per quadrant. ('21, '22) Measure the thickness of the umbrella at intervals of one-fifth of the bell radius (r) across two opposite perradial axes using the mm-calibrated probe [the first and last measurements are, by definition, zero] to determine bell-shape and bell thickness [see Notes below for calculations of f21 and f22]. 

Inject the radial canal system of the medusa with food dye and photograph each quadrant. Use the pictures to describe eight features of the canal system and two features of the bell margin, per quadrant [see Notes below], as follows. (f23) The number of originations of perradial canals. (f24) The number of originations of interradial canals [defined as = 1 unless obviously &amp;gt;1]. (f25) The number of originations of adradial canals. (f26) The number of anastomoses between perradial canals [i.e. perradial-perradial]. (f27) The number of anastomoses between interradial canals [i.e. interradial-interradial], and (f28) The number of anastomoses with adradial canals [i.e. perradial-adradial, interradial-adradial, adradial-adradial, PAI]. 

Draw lines tangentially across adjacent velar lobes and measure the perpendicular distance measured from the line to the center of anastomoses between the ring and radial canals (f29) at the rhopalia [i.e. interradial, perradial] (f30) at non-rhopalar positions [i.e. adradial]. [See Notes below.] 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Notes''' 

Several features are not measured directly but are estimated from the measurements described above. The depth of the manubrium (f2) is calculated by subtracting the mean thickness of the bell at four-fifths of the way across the radius from ('2) above. The thickness of the bell (f22) is represented as the slope of the best-fit line through a scatterplot of bell thicknesses at r/5-intervals constrained to pass through the origin, and the shape of the bell (f21) is defined as convex, straight, undulating, or concave, relative to the best-fit line. 

Canals may not consistently branch and merge in pairs. Some anastomoses may involve more than two canals, some canals may give rise to branches that do not merge with other canals, and some such cul-de-sac appear to be little more than momentary broadening or turns in the originating canal. As such, four explicit procedures can be used to ensure consistency in canal meristics among medusae. First, anastomoses of apparently &amp;gt;= 4 canals (c), which might simply be indistinguishable from &amp;gt;= 2 very close anastomoses each involving 3 canals, are defined as comprising c - 2 anastomoses each separated by a zero-length branch. Second, all cul-de-sac are considered to be sinuses of the originating canal and, thus, do not contribute to the total number of anastomoses. Third, adradial canals are used to define quadrants. Fourth, only the total (T) number of anastomoses is counted, rather than number of divergent (D) and convergent (C) anastomoses, because it can be difficult to discern a convergence from a divergence and because these measures are not independent (D + C = T). 

Scale photographic distances (xp: f29, f30) to true distances (xt) using the equation XT = XP*dt/dp, where d is bell diameter. 

--- 

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson&lt;br&gt;'' 

== Pylogeny&lt;br&gt;  ==

[[Image:AureliaPhylogram.jpg|frame|left|488x345px|Aurelia Phylogram]] 

'''Figure:'''&lt;br&gt;Single shortest unrooted gene tree (Length 702 steps; consistency index 0.6677) resulting from maximum parsimony analyses of published Internal Transcribed Spacer One sequences. Sequences originally published in Schroth et al. (2002) are indicated by their original three or four letter identifier; all other sequences were originally published in Dawson and Jacobs (2001). Bootstrap values &amp;gt; 50% are shown above each branch. The morphologies of taxa in bold font (sp. 1, sp. 3, sp. 4, sp.6) are described by Dawson (2003).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 



&lt;br&gt; 

== Biogeography&lt;br&gt;  ==

[[Image:AureliaBiogeogrFig.jpg|frame|right|608x322px|Aurelia Biogeography Figure]] 

'''Figure:'''&lt;br&gt;The known distribution of the genus Aurelia (modified from Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001, Dawson unpubl. data). Colored regions indicate ranges of species of Aurelia inferred from DNA sequencing analyses of COI and ITS1 (Dawson &amp;amp; Jacobs 2001; Dawson unpubl. data) and 16S rDNA (Schroth et al. 2002). The disjunct distributions of Aurelia sp. 1 and Aurelia sp. 4 are thought to be the result of recent anthropogenic introductions (Dawson et al. unpubl. data). This may also be the case for Aurelia aurita in the Black Sea and Aurelia sp.8 in the Mediterranean or Red seas. The grey dots show coastal regions along which Aurelia has been reported to occur but for which species identifications are unclear. &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>850</id>
      <parentid>691</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T01:04:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8766">== Characteristics &lt;br&gt;  ==

'''Kramp 1961''' 

Ulmaridae in which the tentacles and lappets arise from the sides of the exumbrella above the margin; invaginated gonads with external subgenital pits. With four unbranched mouth-arms; bell margin divided into eight or 16 broad velar lobes; some or all radial canals give rise to anastomosing branches.&lt;br&gt;

== Life Cycle  ==

The following images show the full life cycle of an ''Aurelia'' medusae.

{|  
| [[Image:Fig2as.JPG|thumb|upright| Swimmin Planulae ]]
| [[Image:Fig2bs.JPG|thumb|upright| Scyphistoma with developing mouth and four rudimentary primary tentacles (2 days post settlement)]] 
| [[Image:Fig2cs.jpg|thumb|upright| Four primary tentacles further developed ]]
| [[Image:Fig2ds.jpg|thumb|upright| Early eight tentacles stage ]]
| [[Image:Fig2es.jpg|thumb|upright| 16 tentacles stage ]]
| [[Image:Fig2fs.jpg|thumb|upright| Cluster of mature scyphistomae ]] 
| [[Image:Fig2gs.jpg|thumb|upright| Scyphistomae beginning to strobilate (neck elongation and segmentation phase) ]]
| [[Image:Fig2hs.jpg|thumb|upright| Strobila ready to release ephyrae ]]
| [[Image:Fig2is.jpg|thumb|upright| Newly released ephyra ]]
| [[Image:Fig2js.jpg|thumb|upright| Juvenile medusa  ]]
| [[Image:Fig2ks.JPG|thumb|upright| Mature medusae ]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;
Contributed by ''Chad Widmer''

== Morphology&lt;br&gt;  ==

'''Dawson 2003''' 

[[Image:AureliaMorphometrics.jpg|left|Aurelia Morphometrics]] 

'''Methods''' 

At least 30 meristic and morphological features (f; or indirect measurements thereof as indicated by ') can be measured on each medusae. Measurements should be made as soon as possible after collection. 

Place a medusa exumbrella surface down on a flat surface. (f1) Measure the bell diameter of relaxed medusa. 

Put the medusa in a small holding vessel containing ambient salinity water. ('2) Measure the combined height of the bell plus manubrium by flattening the exumbrella surface against the wall of the vessel and inserting a mm-calibrated probe into the center of the mouth and through the bell [see Notes below for calculation of f2]. (f3) Sketch/photograph the form of the oral arm and estimate the degree of folding on a 5 point scale [0-2, half-point intervals]. (f4) Remove the medusa from the water, place it in a mesh [1 mm-sqr] bag, drain of water for 20 s and weigh to nearest 5g on a spring-loaded balance. 

Place medusa, flat, exumbrella surface down, on an horizontal transparent surface illuminated from below by a circular 40W fluorescent light. Place a thin mark [e.g. toothpick] snug against the manubrium, perpendicular to and at the base of each oral arm. Use calipers to measure (f5) length of the oral arms, from the base of the manubrium to tip of the arm (f6) breadth of the base of the manubrium. (f7) width of oral arms halfway along their length. 

Amputate the oral arms. (f8) Sketch the shape of the gastric and gonadal tissue. (f9) Measure the distances between the most proximate points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f10) Measure the distances between the most distal points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f11) Measure the diameter of the subgenital pore. (f12) Describe the placement of the subgenital pore relative to the gastric tissues [categorize as &quot;central and widely circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;adjacent to but circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;overlapping with&quot;, or &quot;circumscribing&quot; the gastric filaments]. (f13) Document the degree of thickening of the mesoglea surrounding the subgenital pore [0-2, half-point intervals]. 

Use a standard palette of reference colours to describe (f14) colour of gastric tissue, (f15) colour of gonad, if mature, (f16) colour of umbrella, and (f17) colour of bell margin. (f18) Biopsy the gonadal tissue, if present, and examined under a dissecting microscope to determine the sex of medusae. (f19) Enumerate the number of velar lobes per quadrant. (f20) Enumerate the number of rhopalia per quadrant. ('21, '22) Measure the thickness of the umbrella at intervals of one-fifth of the bell radius (r) across two opposite perradial axes using the mm-calibrated probe [the first and last measurements are, by definition, zero] to determine bell-shape and bell thickness [see Notes below for calculations of f21 and f22]. 

Inject the radial canal system of the medusa with food dye and photograph each quadrant. Use the pictures to describe eight features of the canal system and two features of the bell margin, per quadrant [see Notes below], as follows. (f23) The number of originations of perradial canals. (f24) The number of originations of interradial canals [defined as = 1 unless obviously &amp;gt;1]. (f25) The number of originations of adradial canals. (f26) The number of anastomoses between perradial canals [i.e. perradial-perradial]. (f27) The number of anastomoses between interradial canals [i.e. interradial-interradial], and (f28) The number of anastomoses with adradial canals [i.e. perradial-adradial, interradial-adradial, adradial-adradial, PAI]. 

Draw lines tangentially across adjacent velar lobes and measure the perpendicular distance measured from the line to the center of anastomoses between the ring and radial canals (f29) at the rhopalia [i.e. interradial, perradial] (f30) at non-rhopalar positions [i.e. adradial]. [See Notes below.] 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Notes''' 

Several features are not measured directly but are estimated from the measurements described above. The depth of the manubrium (f2) is calculated by subtracting the mean thickness of the bell at four-fifths of the way across the radius from ('2) above. The thickness of the bell (f22) is represented as the slope of the best-fit line through a scatterplot of bell thicknesses at r/5-intervals constrained to pass through the origin, and the shape of the bell (f21) is defined as convex, straight, undulating, or concave, relative to the best-fit line. 

Canals may not consistently branch and merge in pairs. Some anastomoses may involve more than two canals, some canals may give rise to branches that do not merge with other canals, and some such cul-de-sac appear to be little more than momentary broadening or turns in the originating canal. As such, four explicit procedures can be used to ensure consistency in canal meristics among medusae. First, anastomoses of apparently &amp;gt;= 4 canals (c), which might simply be indistinguishable from &amp;gt;= 2 very close anastomoses each involving 3 canals, are defined as comprising c - 2 anastomoses each separated by a zero-length branch. Second, all cul-de-sac are considered to be sinuses of the originating canal and, thus, do not contribute to the total number of anastomoses. Third, adradial canals are used to define quadrants. Fourth, only the total (T) number of anastomoses is counted, rather than number of divergent (D) and convergent (C) anastomoses, because it can be difficult to discern a convergence from a divergence and because these measures are not independent (D + C = T). 

Scale photographic distances (xp: f29, f30) to true distances (xt) using the equation XT = XP*dt/dp, where d is bell diameter. 

--- 

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson&lt;br&gt;'' 

== Pylogeny&lt;br&gt;  ==

[[Image:AureliaPhylogram.jpg|frame|left|488x345px|Aurelia Phylogram]] 

'''Figure:'''&lt;br&gt;Single shortest unrooted gene tree (Length 702 steps; consistency index 0.6677) resulting from maximum parsimony analyses of published Internal Transcribed Spacer One sequences. Sequences originally published in Schroth et al. (2002) are indicated by their original three or four letter identifier; all other sequences were originally published in Dawson and Jacobs (2001). Bootstrap values &amp;gt; 50% are shown above each branch. The morphologies of taxa in bold font (sp. 1, sp. 3, sp. 4, sp.6) are described by Dawson (2003).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 



&lt;br&gt; 

== Biogeography&lt;br&gt;  ==

[[Image:AureliaBiogeogrFig.jpg|frame|right|608x322px|Aurelia Biogeography Figure]] 

'''Figure:'''&lt;br&gt;The known distribution of the genus Aurelia (modified from Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001, Dawson unpubl. data). Colored regions indicate ranges of species of Aurelia inferred from DNA sequencing analyses of COI and ITS1 (Dawson &amp;amp; Jacobs 2001; Dawson unpubl. data) and 16S rDNA (Schroth et al. 2002). The disjunct distributions of Aurelia sp. 1 and Aurelia sp. 4 are thought to be the result of recent anthropogenic introductions (Dawson et al. unpubl. data). This may also be the case for Aurelia aurita in the Black Sea and Aurelia sp.8 in the Mediterranean or Red seas. The grey dots show coastal regions along which Aurelia has been reported to occur but for which species identifications are unclear. &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>851</id>
      <parentid>850</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T01:06:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Life Cycle */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8773">== Characteristics &lt;br&gt;  ==

'''Kramp 1961''' 

Ulmaridae in which the tentacles and lappets arise from the sides of the exumbrella above the margin; invaginated gonads with external subgenital pits. With four unbranched mouth-arms; bell margin divided into eight or 16 broad velar lobes; some or all radial canals give rise to anastomosing branches.&lt;br&gt;

== Life Cycle  ==

The following images show the full life cycle of an ''Aurelia'' medusae.

{|  
| [[Image:Fig2as.jpg|thumb|upright| Swimmin Planulae ]]
| [[Image:Fig2bs.jpg|thumb|upright| Scyphistoma with developing mouth and four rudimentary primary tentacles (2 days post settlement)]] 
| [[Image:Fig2cs.jpg|thumb|upright| Four primary tentacles further developed ]]
| [[Image:Fig2ds.jpg|thumb|upright| Early eight tentacles stage ]]
| [[Image:Fig2es.jpg|thumb|upright| 16 tentacles stage ]]
|}

{|
| [[Image:Fig2fs.jpg|thumb|upright| Cluster of mature scyphistomae ]] 
| [[Image:Fig2gs.jpg|thumb|upright| Scyphistomae beginning to strobilate (neck elongation and segmentation phase) ]]
| [[Image:Fig2hs.jpg|thumb|upright| Strobila ready to release ephyrae ]]
| [[Image:Fig2is.jpg|thumb|upright| Newly released ephyra ]]
| [[Image:Fig2js.jpg|thumb|upright| Juvenile medusa  ]]
| [[Image:Fig2ks.JPG|thumb|upright| Mature medusae ]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;
Contributed by ''Chad Widmer''

== Morphology&lt;br&gt;  ==

'''Dawson 2003''' 

[[Image:AureliaMorphometrics.jpg|left|Aurelia Morphometrics]] 

'''Methods''' 

At least 30 meristic and morphological features (f; or indirect measurements thereof as indicated by ') can be measured on each medusae. Measurements should be made as soon as possible after collection. 

Place a medusa exumbrella surface down on a flat surface. (f1) Measure the bell diameter of relaxed medusa. 

Put the medusa in a small holding vessel containing ambient salinity water. ('2) Measure the combined height of the bell plus manubrium by flattening the exumbrella surface against the wall of the vessel and inserting a mm-calibrated probe into the center of the mouth and through the bell [see Notes below for calculation of f2]. (f3) Sketch/photograph the form of the oral arm and estimate the degree of folding on a 5 point scale [0-2, half-point intervals]. (f4) Remove the medusa from the water, place it in a mesh [1 mm-sqr] bag, drain of water for 20 s and weigh to nearest 5g on a spring-loaded balance. 

Place medusa, flat, exumbrella surface down, on an horizontal transparent surface illuminated from below by a circular 40W fluorescent light. Place a thin mark [e.g. toothpick] snug against the manubrium, perpendicular to and at the base of each oral arm. Use calipers to measure (f5) length of the oral arms, from the base of the manubrium to tip of the arm (f6) breadth of the base of the manubrium. (f7) width of oral arms halfway along their length. 

Amputate the oral arms. (f8) Sketch the shape of the gastric and gonadal tissue. (f9) Measure the distances between the most proximate points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f10) Measure the distances between the most distal points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f11) Measure the diameter of the subgenital pore. (f12) Describe the placement of the subgenital pore relative to the gastric tissues [categorize as &quot;central and widely circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;adjacent to but circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;overlapping with&quot;, or &quot;circumscribing&quot; the gastric filaments]. (f13) Document the degree of thickening of the mesoglea surrounding the subgenital pore [0-2, half-point intervals]. 

Use a standard palette of reference colours to describe (f14) colour of gastric tissue, (f15) colour of gonad, if mature, (f16) colour of umbrella, and (f17) colour of bell margin. (f18) Biopsy the gonadal tissue, if present, and examined under a dissecting microscope to determine the sex of medusae. (f19) Enumerate the number of velar lobes per quadrant. (f20) Enumerate the number of rhopalia per quadrant. ('21, '22) Measure the thickness of the umbrella at intervals of one-fifth of the bell radius (r) across two opposite perradial axes using the mm-calibrated probe [the first and last measurements are, by definition, zero] to determine bell-shape and bell thickness [see Notes below for calculations of f21 and f22]. 

Inject the radial canal system of the medusa with food dye and photograph each quadrant. Use the pictures to describe eight features of the canal system and two features of the bell margin, per quadrant [see Notes below], as follows. (f23) The number of originations of perradial canals. (f24) The number of originations of interradial canals [defined as = 1 unless obviously &amp;gt;1]. (f25) The number of originations of adradial canals. (f26) The number of anastomoses between perradial canals [i.e. perradial-perradial]. (f27) The number of anastomoses between interradial canals [i.e. interradial-interradial], and (f28) The number of anastomoses with adradial canals [i.e. perradial-adradial, interradial-adradial, adradial-adradial, PAI]. 

Draw lines tangentially across adjacent velar lobes and measure the perpendicular distance measured from the line to the center of anastomoses between the ring and radial canals (f29) at the rhopalia [i.e. interradial, perradial] (f30) at non-rhopalar positions [i.e. adradial]. [See Notes below.] 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Notes''' 

Several features are not measured directly but are estimated from the measurements described above. The depth of the manubrium (f2) is calculated by subtracting the mean thickness of the bell at four-fifths of the way across the radius from ('2) above. The thickness of the bell (f22) is represented as the slope of the best-fit line through a scatterplot of bell thicknesses at r/5-intervals constrained to pass through the origin, and the shape of the bell (f21) is defined as convex, straight, undulating, or concave, relative to the best-fit line. 

Canals may not consistently branch and merge in pairs. Some anastomoses may involve more than two canals, some canals may give rise to branches that do not merge with other canals, and some such cul-de-sac appear to be little more than momentary broadening or turns in the originating canal. As such, four explicit procedures can be used to ensure consistency in canal meristics among medusae. First, anastomoses of apparently &amp;gt;= 4 canals (c), which might simply be indistinguishable from &amp;gt;= 2 very close anastomoses each involving 3 canals, are defined as comprising c - 2 anastomoses each separated by a zero-length branch. Second, all cul-de-sac are considered to be sinuses of the originating canal and, thus, do not contribute to the total number of anastomoses. Third, adradial canals are used to define quadrants. Fourth, only the total (T) number of anastomoses is counted, rather than number of divergent (D) and convergent (C) anastomoses, because it can be difficult to discern a convergence from a divergence and because these measures are not independent (D + C = T). 

Scale photographic distances (xp: f29, f30) to true distances (xt) using the equation XT = XP*dt/dp, where d is bell diameter. 

--- 

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson&lt;br&gt;'' 

== Pylogeny&lt;br&gt;  ==

[[Image:AureliaPhylogram.jpg|frame|left|488x345px|Aurelia Phylogram]] 

'''Figure:'''&lt;br&gt;Single shortest unrooted gene tree (Length 702 steps; consistency index 0.6677) resulting from maximum parsimony analyses of published Internal Transcribed Spacer One sequences. Sequences originally published in Schroth et al. (2002) are indicated by their original three or four letter identifier; all other sequences were originally published in Dawson and Jacobs (2001). Bootstrap values &amp;gt; 50% are shown above each branch. The morphologies of taxa in bold font (sp. 1, sp. 3, sp. 4, sp.6) are described by Dawson (2003).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 



&lt;br&gt; 

== Biogeography&lt;br&gt;  ==

[[Image:AureliaBiogeogrFig.jpg|frame|right|608x322px|Aurelia Biogeography Figure]] 

'''Figure:'''&lt;br&gt;The known distribution of the genus Aurelia (modified from Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001, Dawson unpubl. data). Colored regions indicate ranges of species of Aurelia inferred from DNA sequencing analyses of COI and ITS1 (Dawson &amp;amp; Jacobs 2001; Dawson unpubl. data) and 16S rDNA (Schroth et al. 2002). The disjunct distributions of Aurelia sp. 1 and Aurelia sp. 4 are thought to be the result of recent anthropogenic introductions (Dawson et al. unpubl. data). This may also be the case for Aurelia aurita in the Black Sea and Aurelia sp.8 in the Mediterranean or Red seas. The grey dots show coastal regions along which Aurelia has been reported to occur but for which species identifications are unclear. &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>852</id>
      <parentid>851</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T01:07:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Life Cycle */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8773">== Characteristics &lt;br&gt;  ==

'''Kramp 1961''' 

Ulmaridae in which the tentacles and lappets arise from the sides of the exumbrella above the margin; invaginated gonads with external subgenital pits. With four unbranched mouth-arms; bell margin divided into eight or 16 broad velar lobes; some or all radial canals give rise to anastomosing branches.&lt;br&gt;

== Life Cycle  ==

The following images show the full life cycle of an ''Aurelia'' medusae.

{|  
| [[Image:Fig2as.jpg|thumb|upright| Swimmin Planulae ]]
| [[Image:Fig2bs.jpg|thumb|upright| Scyphistoma with developing mouth and four rudimentary primary tentacles (2 days post settlement)]] 
| [[Image:Fig2cs.jpg|thumb|upright| Four primary tentacles further developed ]]
| [[Image:Fig2ds.jpg|thumb|upright| Early eight tentacles stage ]]
| [[Image:Fig2es.jpg|thumb|upright| 16 tentacles stage ]]
|}

{|
| [[Image:Fig2fs.jpg|thumb|upright| Cluster of mature scyphistomae ]] 
| [[Image:Fig2gs.JPG|thumb|upright| Scyphistomae beginning to strobilate (neck elongation and segmentation phase) ]]
| [[Image:Fig2hs.jpg|thumb|upright| Strobila ready to release ephyrae ]]
| [[Image:Fig2is.jpg|thumb|upright| Newly released ephyra ]]
| [[Image:Fig2js.jpg|thumb|upright| Juvenile medusa  ]]
| [[Image:Fig2ks.jpg|thumb|upright| Mature medusae ]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;
Contributed by ''Chad Widmer''

== Morphology&lt;br&gt;  ==

'''Dawson 2003''' 

[[Image:AureliaMorphometrics.jpg|left|Aurelia Morphometrics]] 

'''Methods''' 

At least 30 meristic and morphological features (f; or indirect measurements thereof as indicated by ') can be measured on each medusae. Measurements should be made as soon as possible after collection. 

Place a medusa exumbrella surface down on a flat surface. (f1) Measure the bell diameter of relaxed medusa. 

Put the medusa in a small holding vessel containing ambient salinity water. ('2) Measure the combined height of the bell plus manubrium by flattening the exumbrella surface against the wall of the vessel and inserting a mm-calibrated probe into the center of the mouth and through the bell [see Notes below for calculation of f2]. (f3) Sketch/photograph the form of the oral arm and estimate the degree of folding on a 5 point scale [0-2, half-point intervals]. (f4) Remove the medusa from the water, place it in a mesh [1 mm-sqr] bag, drain of water for 20 s and weigh to nearest 5g on a spring-loaded balance. 

Place medusa, flat, exumbrella surface down, on an horizontal transparent surface illuminated from below by a circular 40W fluorescent light. Place a thin mark [e.g. toothpick] snug against the manubrium, perpendicular to and at the base of each oral arm. Use calipers to measure (f5) length of the oral arms, from the base of the manubrium to tip of the arm (f6) breadth of the base of the manubrium. (f7) width of oral arms halfway along their length. 

Amputate the oral arms. (f8) Sketch the shape of the gastric and gonadal tissue. (f9) Measure the distances between the most proximate points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f10) Measure the distances between the most distal points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f11) Measure the diameter of the subgenital pore. (f12) Describe the placement of the subgenital pore relative to the gastric tissues [categorize as &quot;central and widely circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;adjacent to but circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;overlapping with&quot;, or &quot;circumscribing&quot; the gastric filaments]. (f13) Document the degree of thickening of the mesoglea surrounding the subgenital pore [0-2, half-point intervals]. 

Use a standard palette of reference colours to describe (f14) colour of gastric tissue, (f15) colour of gonad, if mature, (f16) colour of umbrella, and (f17) colour of bell margin. (f18) Biopsy the gonadal tissue, if present, and examined under a dissecting microscope to determine the sex of medusae. (f19) Enumerate the number of velar lobes per quadrant. (f20) Enumerate the number of rhopalia per quadrant. ('21, '22) Measure the thickness of the umbrella at intervals of one-fifth of the bell radius (r) across two opposite perradial axes using the mm-calibrated probe [the first and last measurements are, by definition, zero] to determine bell-shape and bell thickness [see Notes below for calculations of f21 and f22]. 

Inject the radial canal system of the medusa with food dye and photograph each quadrant. Use the pictures to describe eight features of the canal system and two features of the bell margin, per quadrant [see Notes below], as follows. (f23) The number of originations of perradial canals. (f24) The number of originations of interradial canals [defined as = 1 unless obviously &amp;gt;1]. (f25) The number of originations of adradial canals. (f26) The number of anastomoses between perradial canals [i.e. perradial-perradial]. (f27) The number of anastomoses between interradial canals [i.e. interradial-interradial], and (f28) The number of anastomoses with adradial canals [i.e. perradial-adradial, interradial-adradial, adradial-adradial, PAI]. 

Draw lines tangentially across adjacent velar lobes and measure the perpendicular distance measured from the line to the center of anastomoses between the ring and radial canals (f29) at the rhopalia [i.e. interradial, perradial] (f30) at non-rhopalar positions [i.e. adradial]. [See Notes below.] 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Notes''' 

Several features are not measured directly but are estimated from the measurements described above. The depth of the manubrium (f2) is calculated by subtracting the mean thickness of the bell at four-fifths of the way across the radius from ('2) above. The thickness of the bell (f22) is represented as the slope of the best-fit line through a scatterplot of bell thicknesses at r/5-intervals constrained to pass through the origin, and the shape of the bell (f21) is defined as convex, straight, undulating, or concave, relative to the best-fit line. 

Canals may not consistently branch and merge in pairs. Some anastomoses may involve more than two canals, some canals may give rise to branches that do not merge with other canals, and some such cul-de-sac appear to be little more than momentary broadening or turns in the originating canal. As such, four explicit procedures can be used to ensure consistency in canal meristics among medusae. First, anastomoses of apparently &amp;gt;= 4 canals (c), which might simply be indistinguishable from &amp;gt;= 2 very close anastomoses each involving 3 canals, are defined as comprising c - 2 anastomoses each separated by a zero-length branch. Second, all cul-de-sac are considered to be sinuses of the originating canal and, thus, do not contribute to the total number of anastomoses. Third, adradial canals are used to define quadrants. Fourth, only the total (T) number of anastomoses is counted, rather than number of divergent (D) and convergent (C) anastomoses, because it can be difficult to discern a convergence from a divergence and because these measures are not independent (D + C = T). 

Scale photographic distances (xp: f29, f30) to true distances (xt) using the equation XT = XP*dt/dp, where d is bell diameter. 

--- 

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson&lt;br&gt;'' 

== Pylogeny&lt;br&gt;  ==

[[Image:AureliaPhylogram.jpg|frame|left|488x345px|Aurelia Phylogram]] 

'''Figure:'''&lt;br&gt;Single shortest unrooted gene tree (Length 702 steps; consistency index 0.6677) resulting from maximum parsimony analyses of published Internal Transcribed Spacer One sequences. Sequences originally published in Schroth et al. (2002) are indicated by their original three or four letter identifier; all other sequences were originally published in Dawson and Jacobs (2001). Bootstrap values &amp;gt; 50% are shown above each branch. The morphologies of taxa in bold font (sp. 1, sp. 3, sp. 4, sp.6) are described by Dawson (2003).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 



&lt;br&gt; 

== Biogeography&lt;br&gt;  ==

[[Image:AureliaBiogeogrFig.jpg|frame|right|608x322px|Aurelia Biogeography Figure]] 

'''Figure:'''&lt;br&gt;The known distribution of the genus Aurelia (modified from Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001, Dawson unpubl. data). Colored regions indicate ranges of species of Aurelia inferred from DNA sequencing analyses of COI and ITS1 (Dawson &amp;amp; Jacobs 2001; Dawson unpubl. data) and 16S rDNA (Schroth et al. 2002). The disjunct distributions of Aurelia sp. 1 and Aurelia sp. 4 are thought to be the result of recent anthropogenic introductions (Dawson et al. unpubl. data). This may also be the case for Aurelia aurita in the Black Sea and Aurelia sp.8 in the Mediterranean or Red seas. The grey dots show coastal regions along which Aurelia has been reported to occur but for which species identifications are unclear. &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1140</id>
      <parentid>852</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:09:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+category</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8797">== Characteristics &lt;br&gt;  ==

'''Kramp 1961''' 

Ulmaridae in which the tentacles and lappets arise from the sides of the exumbrella above the margin; invaginated gonads with external subgenital pits. With four unbranched mouth-arms; bell margin divided into eight or 16 broad velar lobes; some or all radial canals give rise to anastomosing branches.&lt;br&gt;

== Life Cycle  ==

The following images show the full life cycle of an ''Aurelia'' medusae.

{|  
| [[Image:Fig2as.jpg|thumb|upright| Swimmin Planulae ]]
| [[Image:Fig2bs.jpg|thumb|upright| Scyphistoma with developing mouth and four rudimentary primary tentacles (2 days post settlement)]] 
| [[Image:Fig2cs.jpg|thumb|upright| Four primary tentacles further developed ]]
| [[Image:Fig2ds.jpg|thumb|upright| Early eight tentacles stage ]]
| [[Image:Fig2es.jpg|thumb|upright| 16 tentacles stage ]]
|}

{|
| [[Image:Fig2fs.jpg|thumb|upright| Cluster of mature scyphistomae ]] 
| [[Image:Fig2gs.JPG|thumb|upright| Scyphistomae beginning to strobilate (neck elongation and segmentation phase) ]]
| [[Image:Fig2hs.jpg|thumb|upright| Strobila ready to release ephyrae ]]
| [[Image:Fig2is.jpg|thumb|upright| Newly released ephyra ]]
| [[Image:Fig2js.jpg|thumb|upright| Juvenile medusa  ]]
| [[Image:Fig2ks.jpg|thumb|upright| Mature medusae ]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;
Contributed by ''Chad Widmer''

== Morphology&lt;br&gt;  ==

'''Dawson 2003''' 

[[Image:AureliaMorphometrics.jpg|left|Aurelia Morphometrics]] 

'''Methods''' 

At least 30 meristic and morphological features (f; or indirect measurements thereof as indicated by ') can be measured on each medusae. Measurements should be made as soon as possible after collection. 

Place a medusa exumbrella surface down on a flat surface. (f1) Measure the bell diameter of relaxed medusa. 

Put the medusa in a small holding vessel containing ambient salinity water. ('2) Measure the combined height of the bell plus manubrium by flattening the exumbrella surface against the wall of the vessel and inserting a mm-calibrated probe into the center of the mouth and through the bell [see Notes below for calculation of f2]. (f3) Sketch/photograph the form of the oral arm and estimate the degree of folding on a 5 point scale [0-2, half-point intervals]. (f4) Remove the medusa from the water, place it in a mesh [1 mm-sqr] bag, drain of water for 20 s and weigh to nearest 5g on a spring-loaded balance. 

Place medusa, flat, exumbrella surface down, on an horizontal transparent surface illuminated from below by a circular 40W fluorescent light. Place a thin mark [e.g. toothpick] snug against the manubrium, perpendicular to and at the base of each oral arm. Use calipers to measure (f5) length of the oral arms, from the base of the manubrium to tip of the arm (f6) breadth of the base of the manubrium. (f7) width of oral arms halfway along their length. 

Amputate the oral arms. (f8) Sketch the shape of the gastric and gonadal tissue. (f9) Measure the distances between the most proximate points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f10) Measure the distances between the most distal points of opposite gastric cavities, as indicated by the edges of gastric and gonadal tissue. (f11) Measure the diameter of the subgenital pore. (f12) Describe the placement of the subgenital pore relative to the gastric tissues [categorize as &quot;central and widely circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;adjacent to but circumscribed by&quot;, &quot;overlapping with&quot;, or &quot;circumscribing&quot; the gastric filaments]. (f13) Document the degree of thickening of the mesoglea surrounding the subgenital pore [0-2, half-point intervals]. 

Use a standard palette of reference colours to describe (f14) colour of gastric tissue, (f15) colour of gonad, if mature, (f16) colour of umbrella, and (f17) colour of bell margin. (f18) Biopsy the gonadal tissue, if present, and examined under a dissecting microscope to determine the sex of medusae. (f19) Enumerate the number of velar lobes per quadrant. (f20) Enumerate the number of rhopalia per quadrant. ('21, '22) Measure the thickness of the umbrella at intervals of one-fifth of the bell radius (r) across two opposite perradial axes using the mm-calibrated probe [the first and last measurements are, by definition, zero] to determine bell-shape and bell thickness [see Notes below for calculations of f21 and f22]. 

Inject the radial canal system of the medusa with food dye and photograph each quadrant. Use the pictures to describe eight features of the canal system and two features of the bell margin, per quadrant [see Notes below], as follows. (f23) The number of originations of perradial canals. (f24) The number of originations of interradial canals [defined as = 1 unless obviously &amp;gt;1]. (f25) The number of originations of adradial canals. (f26) The number of anastomoses between perradial canals [i.e. perradial-perradial]. (f27) The number of anastomoses between interradial canals [i.e. interradial-interradial], and (f28) The number of anastomoses with adradial canals [i.e. perradial-adradial, interradial-adradial, adradial-adradial, PAI]. 

Draw lines tangentially across adjacent velar lobes and measure the perpendicular distance measured from the line to the center of anastomoses between the ring and radial canals (f29) at the rhopalia [i.e. interradial, perradial] (f30) at non-rhopalar positions [i.e. adradial]. [See Notes below.] 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Notes''' 

Several features are not measured directly but are estimated from the measurements described above. The depth of the manubrium (f2) is calculated by subtracting the mean thickness of the bell at four-fifths of the way across the radius from ('2) above. The thickness of the bell (f22) is represented as the slope of the best-fit line through a scatterplot of bell thicknesses at r/5-intervals constrained to pass through the origin, and the shape of the bell (f21) is defined as convex, straight, undulating, or concave, relative to the best-fit line. 

Canals may not consistently branch and merge in pairs. Some anastomoses may involve more than two canals, some canals may give rise to branches that do not merge with other canals, and some such cul-de-sac appear to be little more than momentary broadening or turns in the originating canal. As such, four explicit procedures can be used to ensure consistency in canal meristics among medusae. First, anastomoses of apparently &amp;gt;= 4 canals (c), which might simply be indistinguishable from &amp;gt;= 2 very close anastomoses each involving 3 canals, are defined as comprising c - 2 anastomoses each separated by a zero-length branch. Second, all cul-de-sac are considered to be sinuses of the originating canal and, thus, do not contribute to the total number of anastomoses. Third, adradial canals are used to define quadrants. Fourth, only the total (T) number of anastomoses is counted, rather than number of divergent (D) and convergent (C) anastomoses, because it can be difficult to discern a convergence from a divergence and because these measures are not independent (D + C = T). 

Scale photographic distances (xp: f29, f30) to true distances (xt) using the equation XT = XP*dt/dp, where d is bell diameter. 

--- 

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson&lt;br&gt;'' 

== Pylogeny&lt;br&gt;  ==

[[Image:AureliaPhylogram.jpg|frame|left|488x345px|Aurelia Phylogram]] 

'''Figure:'''&lt;br&gt;Single shortest unrooted gene tree (Length 702 steps; consistency index 0.6677) resulting from maximum parsimony analyses of published Internal Transcribed Spacer One sequences. Sequences originally published in Schroth et al. (2002) are indicated by their original three or four letter identifier; all other sequences were originally published in Dawson and Jacobs (2001). Bootstrap values &amp;gt; 50% are shown above each branch. The morphologies of taxa in bold font (sp. 1, sp. 3, sp. 4, sp.6) are described by Dawson (2003).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 



&lt;br&gt; 

== Biogeography&lt;br&gt;  ==

[[Image:AureliaBiogeogrFig.jpg|frame|right|608x322px|Aurelia Biogeography Figure]] 

'''Figure:'''&lt;br&gt;The known distribution of the genus Aurelia (modified from Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001, Dawson unpubl. data). Colored regions indicate ranges of species of Aurelia inferred from DNA sequencing analyses of COI and ITS1 (Dawson &amp;amp; Jacobs 2001; Dawson unpubl. data) and 16S rDNA (Schroth et al. 2002). The disjunct distributions of Aurelia sp. 1 and Aurelia sp. 4 are thought to be the result of recent anthropogenic introductions (Dawson et al. unpubl. data). This may also be the case for Aurelia aurita in the Black Sea and Aurelia sp.8 in the Mediterranean or Red seas. The grey dots show coastal regions along which Aurelia has been reported to occur but for which species identifications are unclear. &lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Behavior</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>151</id>
    <revision>
      <id>661</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:25:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Animals as simple as the jellyfish are rarely credited with complex behaviors. Scyphozoans are generally termed 'plankton' from the Greek for 'drifting' for good reason. But some plankton ...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6287">Animals as simple as the jellyfish are rarely credited with complex behaviors. Scyphozoans are generally termed 'plankton' from the Greek for 'drifting' for good reason. But some plankton have evolved spectacular behaviors that help them to survive. 


----


== Horizontal Migration ==

'''Migration by Mastigias'''

If you were to snorkel in &quot;Jellyfish Lake&quot; (Ongeim'l Tketau, OTM), Palau, just before dawn, you would find millions of Mastigias medusae milling around the western half of the lake. The gentle, rhythmic, pulsing of their bells would be more likely send you back to sleep than to remind you of jet propulsion, which is the mechanism by which they move. They swim in all directions, change their heading often, and have no particular destination. All this changes at dawn (6 am, never much less and never much more) when, with the sky brightening in the east, the jellyfish turn and swim diligently toward the rising sun. For an hour or more they swim, never faltering, rarely turning, with incessant contractions of their bell, until they approach the eastern end of the lake. Here, although still stimulated to swim eastward by the rising sun, they are stopped, not by the edge of the lake, but by the shadows cast by overhanging trees which they meticulously avoid. The medusae become trapped between swimming east toward the sun and swimming west away from the shade. The millions of jellyfish that were once in the west are now packed densely around the illuminated eastern rim of the lake, with nowhere else to go.

Nowhere else to go, that is, until the afternoon. As the day progresses, the sun passes directly overhead and then gradually begins to descend in the west, releasing the medusae from their quandary. As the sun begins to track westward, all the jellyfish accumulated in the east begin to follow the sun back across the lake, returning to where they originated in the morning. The jellyfish swim west until they encounter the shadow lines cast along the western edge of the lake as the sun descends in the west. They accumulate in the west, as they did in the east, swimming around, continually avoiding the shadows, staying in the sunlight and avoiding the shore. By 3 or 4 p.m., the eastern basin which became densely packed with jellyfish between 9 a.m. and 12 is again almost devoid of jellyfish as they have all returned to the western end of the lake. As the sun sets (very rapidly in the tropics), the shadows quickly move across the lake and the jellyfish can no longer remain in the sunlight. Now in the shadows, and lacking any directional light by which to orient their swimming in a horizontal direction, the animals begin to swim vertically, up and down in the water column, remaining more or less in the same position with respect to the shore (thus, this behavior keeps them away from the shore during the night). At this time, they may swim downward and encounter the nutrient rich boundary between the anoxic depths and the oxic upper layers where their algal symbionts absorb lots of nutrients. However, they are always moving - swimming up and down. When the sun rises the next day (but before it actually illuminates the lake's surface), the jellyfish accumulate at the surface in response to the increasing light. Here, once again, they mill around until the first rays of sun entice them to the east. 

In summary, the jellyfish complete one round-trip migration from west to east and then back to the west every day between sunrise and sunset. At no point do they ever stop swimming - during the day or night. During the day, their swimming is either strongly directional as they migrate—eastward (in the morning) or westward (in the afternoon)—or haphazard as they mill about waiting for the sun or avoiding shadows. At night, they also swim continually, but vertically rather than horizontally as during the day. The migration is the summed result of each individual animal responding to the light cues in the same way.			

''Left:'' Bubble plot showing changes in the density of Mastigias across the lake as each day progresses. Early in the morning (0700 hrs) Mastigias are found mostly in the western half of the lake, but they rapidly move to the east. During the afternoon, they return to the west, where they remain overnight. The rose diagrams down the side show the directions in which the jellyfish are swimming at those times.

''Below:'' Bar graph showing the vertical distribution of Mastigias. The medusae are shallower during the day (light bars) and deeper during night (dark bars).
	
			
'''Why do the jellyfish migrate?'''

Mastigias medusae get much of their energy from photosynthetic organisms - zooxanthellae - that live inside their cells. Consequently, it would make sense for the jellyfish to migrate so that they maximise the time they spend in the sun and, therefore, the energy they get from the zooxanthellae. However, the direction the Mastigias migrate in OTM does not maximize the time they spend in the sun. To achieve this, they should migrate from west to east, rather than from west to east and back to west. Mastigias in some other lakes do migrate from west to east and maximize their illumination. In these lakes, the migratory pattern is also much more diffuse, suggesting that the jellyfish don't respond as consistently to cues (light or shade) as they do in OTM.

So, why do the jellyfish in OTM migrate the way they do? Probably it is because OTM, unlike the other lakes, is inhabited by a large population of an important predator of the jellyfish - the anemone Entacmaea medusivora. In OTM, the direction in which the jellyfish migrate ensures that the edge of the lake, where the anemones lie in wait, will always be in shadow when the jellyfish arrive. The presence of this false edge, and the jellyfishes' response to it, minimizes their contact with the real edge inhabited by their predators. Those who don't respond, get eaten and don't reproduce. Thus, in this lake conflicting selection pressures have shaped their behavior - the need to sun their algae versus the need to avoid predators. In the end, it turns out that the medusae can miss a bit of dinner, but not be dinner, and survive.
	  	
Prepared by ''M. N Dawson &amp; L.E. Martin'' 
----


== Vertical Migration ==</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>667</id>
      <parentid>661</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:33:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6616">Animals as simple as the jellyfish are rarely credited with complex behaviors. Scyphozoans are generally termed 'plankton' from the Greek for 'drifting' for good reason. But some plankton have evolved spectacular behaviors that help them to survive. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Horizontal Migration  ==

'''Migration by Mastigias'''[[Image:MastigiasUW.jpg|thumb|right|Mastigias medusae avoid shaded water]] 

If you were to snorkel in &quot;Jellyfish Lake&quot; (Ongeim'l Tketau, OTM), Palau, just before dawn, you would find millions of Mastigias medusae milling around the western half of the lake. The gentle, rhythmic, pulsing of their bells would be more likely send you back to sleep than to remind you of jet propulsion, which is the mechanism by which they move. They swim in all directions, change their heading often, and have no particular destination. All this changes at dawn (6 am, never much less and never much more) when, with the sky brightening in the east, the jellyfish turn and swim diligently toward the rising sun. For an hour or more they swim, never faltering, rarely turning, with incessant contractions of their bell, until they approach the eastern end of the lake. Here, although still stimulated to swim eastward by the rising sun, they are stopped, not by the edge of the lake, but by the shadows cast by overhanging trees which they meticulously avoid. The medusae become trapped between swimming east toward the sun and swimming west away from the shade. The millions of jellyfish that were once in the west are now packed densely around the illuminated eastern rim of the lake, with nowhere else to go.&amp;nbsp;

Nowhere else to go, that is, until the afternoon. As the day progresses, the sun passes directly overhead and then gradually begins to descend in the west, releasing the medusae from their quandary. As the sun begins to track westward, all the jellyfish accumulated in the east begin to follow the sun back across the lake, returning to where they originated in the morning. The jellyfish swim west until they encounter the shadow lines cast along the western edge of the lake as the sun descends in the west. They accumulate in the west, as they did in the east, swimming around, continually avoiding the shadows, staying in the sunlight and avoiding the shore. By 3 or 4 p.m., the eastern basin which became densely packed [[Image:Mastigias1.jpg|thumb|left|Mastigias medusae aggregate against the shadow-line cast by overhanging trees]]with jellyfish between 9 a.m. and 12 is again almost devoid of jellyfish as they have all returned to the western end of the lake. As the sun sets (very rapidly in the tropics), the shadows quickly move across the lake and the jellyfish can no longer remain in the sunlight. Now in the shadows, and lacking any directional light by which to orient their swimming in a horizontal direction, the animals begin to swim vertically, up and down in the water column, remaining more or less in the same position with respect to the shore (thus, this behavior keeps them away from the shore during the night). At this time, they may swim downward and encounter the nutrient rich boundary between the anoxic depths and the oxic upper layers where their algal symbionts absorb lots of nutrients. However, they are always moving - swimming up and down. When the sun rises the next day (but before it actually illuminates the lake's surface), the jellyfish accumulate at the surface in response to the increasing light. Here, once again, they mill around until the first rays of sun entice them to the east.&amp;nbsp;

In summary, the jellyfish complete one round-trip migration from west to east and then back to the west every day between sunrise and sunset. At no point do they ever stop swimming - during the day or night. During the day, their swimming is either strongly directional as they migrate—eastward (in the morning) or westward (in the afternoon)—or haphazard as they mill about waiting for the sun or avoiding shadows. At night, they also swim continually, but vertically rather than horizontally as during the day. The migr[[Image:DVM.jpg|thumb|right|Bar Graph]]ation is the summed result of each individual animal responding to the light cues in the same way. 

''[[Image:DHM.jpg|thumb|left|Bubble plot]]Left:'' Bubble plot showing changes in the density of Mastigias across the lake as each day progresses. Early in the morning (0700 hrs) Mastigias are found mostly in the western half of the lake, but they rapidly move to the east. During the afternoon, they return to the west, where they remain overnight. The rose diagrams down the side show the directions in which the jellyfish are swimming at those times. 

''Right:'' Bar graph showing the vertical distribution of Mastigias. The medusae are shallower during the day (light bars) and deeper during night (dark bars). 

&lt;br&gt; '''Why do the jellyfish migrate?''' 

Mastigias medusae get much of their energy from photosynthetic organisms - zooxanthellae - that live inside their cells. Consequently, it would make sense for the jellyfish to migrate so that they maximise the time they spend in the sun and, therefore, the energy they get from the zooxanthellae. However, the direction the Mastigias migrate in OTM does not maximize the time they spend in the sun. To achieve this, they should migrate from west to east, rather than from west to east and back to west. Mastigias in some other lakes do migrate from west to east and maximize their illumination. In these lakes, the migratory pattern is also much more diffuse, suggesting that the jellyfish don't respond as consistently to cues (light or shade) as they do in OTM. [[Image:Emedusivora1_copy.jpg|thumb|right]]

So, why do the jellyfish in OTM migrate the way they do? Probably it is because OTM, unlike the other lakes, is inhabited by a large population of an important predator of the jellyfish - the anemone Entacmaea medusivora. In OTM, the direction in which the jellyfish migrate ensures that the edge of the lake, where the anemones lie in wait, will always be in shadow when the jellyfish arrive. The presence of this false edge, and the jellyfishes' response to it, minimizes their contact with the real edge inhabited by their predators. Those who don't respond, get eaten and don't reproduce. Thus, in this lake conflicting selection pressures have shaped their behavior - the need to sun their algae versus the need to avoid predators. In the end, it turns out that the medusae can miss a bit of dinner, but not be dinner, and survive.&amp;nbsp;

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson &amp;amp; L.E. Martin''&lt;br&gt; 



== Vertical Migration ==</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>668</id>
      <parentid>667</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:34:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6619">Animals as simple as the jellyfish are rarely credited with complex behaviors. Scyphozoans are generally termed 'plankton' from the Greek for 'drifting' for good reason. But some plankton have evolved spectacular behaviors that help them to survive. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Horizontal Migration  ==

'''Migration by Mastigias'''[[Image:MastigiasUW.jpg|thumb|right|Mastigias medusae avoid shaded water]] 

If you were to snorkel in &quot;Jellyfish Lake&quot; (Ongeim'l Tketau, OTM), Palau, just before dawn, you would find millions of Mastigias medusae milling around the western half of the lake. The gentle, rhythmic, pulsing of their bells would be more likely send you back to sleep than to remind you of jet propulsion, which is the mechanism by which they move. They swim in all directions, change their heading often, and have no particular destination. All this changes at dawn (6 am, never much less and never much more) when, with the sky brightening in the east, the jellyfish turn and swim diligently toward the rising sun. For an hour or more they swim, never faltering, rarely turning, with incessant contractions of their bell, until they approach the eastern end of the lake. Here, although still stimulated to swim eastward by the rising sun, they are stopped, not by the edge of the lake, but by the shadows cast by overhanging trees which they meticulously avoid. The medusae become trapped between swimming east toward the sun and swimming west away from the shade. The millions of jellyfish that were once in the west are now packed densely around the illuminated eastern rim of the lake, with nowhere else to go.&amp;nbsp; 

Nowhere else to go, that is, until the afternoon. As the day progresses, the sun passes directly overhead and then gradually begins to descend in the west, releasing the medusae from their quandary. As the sun begins to track westward, all the jellyfish accumulated in the east begin to follow the sun back across the lake, returning to where they originated in the morning. The jellyfish swim west until they encounter the shadow lines cast along the western edge of the lake as the sun descends in the west. They accumulate in the west, as they did in the east, swimming around, continually avoiding the shadows, staying in the sunlight and avoiding the shore. By 3 or 4 p.m., the eastern basin which became densely packed [[Image:Mastigias1.jpg|thumb|left|Mastigias medusae aggregate against the shadow-line cast by overhanging trees]]with jellyfish between 9 a.m. and 12 is again almost devoid of jellyfish as they have all returned to the western end of the lake. As the sun sets (very rapidly in the tropics), the shadows quickly move across the lake and the jellyfish can no longer remain in the sunlight. Now in the shadows, and lacking any directional light by which to orient their swimming in a horizontal direction, the animals begin to swim vertically, up and down in the water column, remaining more or less in the same position with respect to the shore (thus, this behavior keeps them away from the shore during the night). At this time, they may swim downward and encounter the nutrient rich boundary between the anoxic depths and the oxic upper layers where their algal symbionts absorb lots of nutrients. However, they are always moving - swimming up and down. When the sun rises the next day (but before it actually illuminates the lake's surface), the jellyfish accumulate at the surface in response to the increasing light. Here, once again, they mill around until the first rays of sun entice them to the east.&amp;nbsp; 

In summary, the jellyfish complete one round-trip migration from west to east and then back to the west every day between sunrise and sunset. At no point do they ever stop swimming - during the day or night. During the day, their swimming is either strongly directional as they migrate—eastward (in the morning) or westward (in the afternoon)—or haphazard as they mill about waiting for the sun or avoiding shadows. At night, they also swim continually, but vertically rather than horizontally as during the day. The migr[[Image:DVM.jpg|thumb|right|Bar Graph]]ation is the summed result of each individual animal responding to the light cues in the same way. 



''[[Image:DHM.jpg|thumb|left|Bubble plot]]Left:'' Bubble plot showing changes in the density of Mastigias across the lake as each day progresses. Early in the morning (0700 hrs) Mastigias are found mostly in the western half of the lake, but they rapidly move to the east. During the afternoon, they return to the west, where they remain overnight. The rose diagrams down the side show the directions in which the jellyfish are swimming at those times. 

''Right:'' Bar graph showing the vertical distribution of Mastigias. The medusae are shallower during the day (light bars) and deeper during night (dark bars). 

&lt;br&gt; '''Why do the jellyfish migrate?''' 

Mastigias medusae get much of their energy from photosynthetic organisms - zooxanthellae - that live inside their cells. Consequently, it would make sense for the jellyfish to migrate so that they maximise the time they spend in the sun and, therefore, the energy they get from the zooxanthellae. However, the direction the Mastigias migrate in OTM does not maximize the time they spend in the sun. To achieve this, they should migrate from west to east, rather than from west to east and back to west. Mastigias in some other lakes do migrate from west to east and maximize their illumination. In these lakes, the migratory pattern is also much more diffuse, suggesting that the jellyfish don't respond as consistently to cues (light or shade) as they do in OTM. [[Image:Emedusivora1 copy.jpg|thumb|right]] 

So, why do the jellyfish in OTM migrate the way they do? Probably it is because OTM, unlike the other lakes, is inhabited by a large population of an important predator of the jellyfish - the anemone Entacmaea medusivora. In OTM, the direction in which the jellyfish migrate ensures that the edge of the lake, where the anemones lie in wait, will always be in shadow when the jellyfish arrive. The presence of this false edge, and the jellyfishes' response to it, minimizes their contact with the real edge inhabited by their predators. Those who don't respond, get eaten and don't reproduce. Thus, in this lake conflicting selection pressures have shaped their behavior - the need to sun their algae versus the need to avoid predators. In the end, it turns out that the medusae can miss a bit of dinner, but not be dinner, and survive.&amp;nbsp; 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson &amp;amp; L.E. Martin''&lt;br&gt;

== Vertical Migration ==</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>669</id>
      <parentid>668</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:35:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6572">Animals as simple as the jellyfish are rarely credited with complex behaviors. Scyphozoans are generally termed 'plankton' from the Greek for 'drifting' for good reason. But some plankton have evolved spectacular behaviors that help them to survive. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Migration by Mastigias  ==

[[Image:MastigiasUW.jpg|thumb|right|Mastigias medusae avoid shaded water]] 

If you were to snorkel in &quot;Jellyfish Lake&quot; (Ongeim'l Tketau, OTM), Palau, just before dawn, you would find millions of Mastigias medusae milling around the western half of the lake. The gentle, rhythmic, pulsing of their bells would be more likely send you back to sleep than to remind you of jet propulsion, which is the mechanism by which they move. They swim in all directions, change their heading often, and have no particular destination. All this changes at dawn (6 am, never much less and never much more) when, with the sky brightening in the east, the jellyfish turn and swim diligently toward the rising sun. For an hour or more they swim, never faltering, rarely turning, with incessant contractions of their bell, until they approach the eastern end of the lake. Here, although still stimulated to swim eastward by the rising sun, they are stopped, not by the edge of the lake, but by the shadows cast by overhanging trees which they meticulously avoid. The medusae become trapped between swimming east toward the sun and swimming west away from the shade. The millions of jellyfish that were once in the west are now packed densely around the illuminated eastern rim of the lake, with nowhere else to go.&amp;nbsp; 

Nowhere else to go, that is, until the afternoon. As the day progresses, the sun passes directly overhead and then gradually begins to descend in the west, releasing the medusae from their quandary. As the sun begins to track westward, all the jellyfish accumulated in the east begin to follow the sun back across the lake, returning to where they originated in the morning. The jellyfish swim west until they encounter the shadow lines cast along the western edge of the lake as the sun descends in the west. They accumulate in the west, as they did in the east, swimming around, continually avoiding the shadows, staying in the sunlight and avoiding the shore. By 3 or 4 p.m., the eastern basin which became densely packed [[Image:Mastigias1.jpg|thumb|left|Mastigias medusae aggregate against the shadow-line cast by overhanging trees]]with jellyfish between 9 a.m. and 12 is again almost devoid of jellyfish as they have all returned to the western end of the lake. As the sun sets (very rapidly in the tropics), the shadows quickly move across the lake and the jellyfish can no longer remain in the sunlight. Now in the shadows, and lacking any directional light by which to orient their swimming in a horizontal direction, the animals begin to swim vertically, up and down in the water column, remaining more or less in the same position with respect to the shore (thus, this behavior keeps them away from the shore during the night). At this time, they may swim downward and encounter the nutrient rich boundary between the anoxic depths and the oxic upper layers where their algal symbionts absorb lots of nutrients. However, they are always moving - swimming up and down. When the sun rises the next day (but before it actually illuminates the lake's surface), the jellyfish accumulate at the surface in response to the increasing light. Here, once again, they mill around until the first rays of sun entice them to the east.&amp;nbsp; 

In summary, the jellyfish complete one round-trip migration from west to east and then back to the west every day between sunrise and sunset. At no point do they ever stop swimming - during the day or night. During the day, their swimming is either strongly directional as they migrate—eastward (in the morning) or westward (in the afternoon)—or haphazard as they mill about waiting for the sun or avoiding shadows. At night, they also swim continually, but vertically rather than horizontally as during the day. The migr[[Image:DVM.jpg|thumb|right|Bar Graph]]ation is the summed result of each individual animal responding to the light cues in the same way. 

&lt;br&gt; 

''[[Image:DHM.jpg|thumb|left|Bubble plot]]Left:'' Bubble plot showing changes in the density of Mastigias across the lake as each day progresses. Early in the morning (0700 hrs) Mastigias are found mostly in the western half of the lake, but they rapidly move to the east. During the afternoon, they return to the west, where they remain overnight. The rose diagrams down the side show the directions in which the jellyfish are swimming at those times. 

''Right:'' Bar graph showing the vertical distribution of Mastigias. The medusae are shallower during the day (light bars) and deeper during night (dark bars). 

&lt;br&gt; '''Why do the jellyfish migrate?''' 

Mastigias medusae get much of their energy from photosynthetic organisms - zooxanthellae - that live inside their cells. Consequently, it would make sense for the jellyfish to migrate so that they maximise the time they spend in the sun and, therefore, the energy they get from the zooxanthellae. However, the direction the Mastigias migrate in OTM does not maximize the time they spend in the sun. To achieve this, they should migrate from west to east, rather than from west to east and back to west. Mastigias in some other lakes do migrate from west to east and maximize their illumination. In these lakes, the migratory pattern is also much more diffuse, suggesting that the jellyfish don't respond as consistently to cues (light or shade) as they do in OTM. [[Image:Emedusivora1 copy.jpg|thumb|right]] 

So, why do the jellyfish in OTM migrate the way they do? Probably it is because OTM, unlike the other lakes, is inhabited by a large population of an important predator of the jellyfish - the anemone Entacmaea medusivora. In OTM, the direction in which the jellyfish migrate ensures that the edge of the lake, where the anemones lie in wait, will always be in shadow when the jellyfish arrive. The presence of this false edge, and the jellyfishes' response to it, minimizes their contact with the real edge inhabited by their predators. Those who don't respond, get eaten and don't reproduce. Thus, in this lake conflicting selection pressures have shaped their behavior - the need to sun their algae versus the need to avoid predators. In the end, it turns out that the medusae can miss a bit of dinner, but not be dinner, and survive.&amp;nbsp; 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson &amp;amp; L.E. Martin''&lt;br&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1162</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
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      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6595">Animals as simple as the jellyfish are rarely credited with complex behaviors. Scyphozoans are generally termed 'plankton' from the Greek for 'drifting' for good reason. But some plankton have evolved spectacular behaviors that help them to survive. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Migration by Mastigias  ==

[[Image:MastigiasUW.jpg|thumb|right|Mastigias medusae avoid shaded water]] 

If you were to snorkel in &quot;Jellyfish Lake&quot; (Ongeim'l Tketau, OTM), Palau, just before dawn, you would find millions of Mastigias medusae milling around the western half of the lake. The gentle, rhythmic, pulsing of their bells would be more likely send you back to sleep than to remind you of jet propulsion, which is the mechanism by which they move. They swim in all directions, change their heading often, and have no particular destination. All this changes at dawn (6 am, never much less and never much more) when, with the sky brightening in the east, the jellyfish turn and swim diligently toward the rising sun. For an hour or more they swim, never faltering, rarely turning, with incessant contractions of their bell, until they approach the eastern end of the lake. Here, although still stimulated to swim eastward by the rising sun, they are stopped, not by the edge of the lake, but by the shadows cast by overhanging trees which they meticulously avoid. The medusae become trapped between swimming east toward the sun and swimming west away from the shade. The millions of jellyfish that were once in the west are now packed densely around the illuminated eastern rim of the lake, with nowhere else to go.&amp;nbsp; 

Nowhere else to go, that is, until the afternoon. As the day progresses, the sun passes directly overhead and then gradually begins to descend in the west, releasing the medusae from their quandary. As the sun begins to track westward, all the jellyfish accumulated in the east begin to follow the sun back across the lake, returning to where they originated in the morning. The jellyfish swim west until they encounter the shadow lines cast along the western edge of the lake as the sun descends in the west. They accumulate in the west, as they did in the east, swimming around, continually avoiding the shadows, staying in the sunlight and avoiding the shore. By 3 or 4 p.m., the eastern basin which became densely packed [[Image:Mastigias1.jpg|thumb|left|Mastigias medusae aggregate against the shadow-line cast by overhanging trees]]with jellyfish between 9 a.m. and 12 is again almost devoid of jellyfish as they have all returned to the western end of the lake. As the sun sets (very rapidly in the tropics), the shadows quickly move across the lake and the jellyfish can no longer remain in the sunlight. Now in the shadows, and lacking any directional light by which to orient their swimming in a horizontal direction, the animals begin to swim vertically, up and down in the water column, remaining more or less in the same position with respect to the shore (thus, this behavior keeps them away from the shore during the night). At this time, they may swim downward and encounter the nutrient rich boundary between the anoxic depths and the oxic upper layers where their algal symbionts absorb lots of nutrients. However, they are always moving - swimming up and down. When the sun rises the next day (but before it actually illuminates the lake's surface), the jellyfish accumulate at the surface in response to the increasing light. Here, once again, they mill around until the first rays of sun entice them to the east.&amp;nbsp; 

In summary, the jellyfish complete one round-trip migration from west to east and then back to the west every day between sunrise and sunset. At no point do they ever stop swimming - during the day or night. During the day, their swimming is either strongly directional as they migrate—eastward (in the morning) or westward (in the afternoon)—or haphazard as they mill about waiting for the sun or avoiding shadows. At night, they also swim continually, but vertically rather than horizontally as during the day. The migr[[Image:DVM.jpg|thumb|right|Bar Graph]]ation is the summed result of each individual animal responding to the light cues in the same way. 

&lt;br&gt; 

''[[Image:DHM.jpg|thumb|left|Bubble plot]]Left:'' Bubble plot showing changes in the density of Mastigias across the lake as each day progresses. Early in the morning (0700 hrs) Mastigias are found mostly in the western half of the lake, but they rapidly move to the east. During the afternoon, they return to the west, where they remain overnight. The rose diagrams down the side show the directions in which the jellyfish are swimming at those times. 

''Right:'' Bar graph showing the vertical distribution of Mastigias. The medusae are shallower during the day (light bars) and deeper during night (dark bars). 

&lt;br&gt; '''Why do the jellyfish migrate?''' 

Mastigias medusae get much of their energy from photosynthetic organisms - zooxanthellae - that live inside their cells. Consequently, it would make sense for the jellyfish to migrate so that they maximise the time they spend in the sun and, therefore, the energy they get from the zooxanthellae. However, the direction the Mastigias migrate in OTM does not maximize the time they spend in the sun. To achieve this, they should migrate from west to east, rather than from west to east and back to west. Mastigias in some other lakes do migrate from west to east and maximize their illumination. In these lakes, the migratory pattern is also much more diffuse, suggesting that the jellyfish don't respond as consistently to cues (light or shade) as they do in OTM. [[Image:Emedusivora1 copy.jpg|thumb|right]] 

So, why do the jellyfish in OTM migrate the way they do? Probably it is because OTM, unlike the other lakes, is inhabited by a large population of an important predator of the jellyfish - the anemone Entacmaea medusivora. In OTM, the direction in which the jellyfish migrate ensures that the edge of the lake, where the anemones lie in wait, will always be in shadow when the jellyfish arrive. The presence of this false edge, and the jellyfishes' response to it, minimizes their contact with the real edge inhabited by their predators. Those who don't respond, get eaten and don't reproduce. Thus, in this lake conflicting selection pressures have shaped their behavior - the need to sun their algae versus the need to avoid predators. In the end, it turns out that the medusae can miss a bit of dinner, but not be dinner, and survive.&amp;nbsp; 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson &amp;amp; L.E. Martin''&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Behavior]]</text>
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        <username>Mithril</username>
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      <minor/>
      <comment>+categorization key</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6597">Animals as simple as the jellyfish are rarely credited with complex behaviors. Scyphozoans are generally termed 'plankton' from the Greek for 'drifting' for good reason. But some plankton have evolved spectacular behaviors that help them to survive. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Migration by Mastigias  ==

[[Image:MastigiasUW.jpg|thumb|right|Mastigias medusae avoid shaded water]] 

If you were to snorkel in &quot;Jellyfish Lake&quot; (Ongeim'l Tketau, OTM), Palau, just before dawn, you would find millions of Mastigias medusae milling around the western half of the lake. The gentle, rhythmic, pulsing of their bells would be more likely send you back to sleep than to remind you of jet propulsion, which is the mechanism by which they move. They swim in all directions, change their heading often, and have no particular destination. All this changes at dawn (6 am, never much less and never much more) when, with the sky brightening in the east, the jellyfish turn and swim diligently toward the rising sun. For an hour or more they swim, never faltering, rarely turning, with incessant contractions of their bell, until they approach the eastern end of the lake. Here, although still stimulated to swim eastward by the rising sun, they are stopped, not by the edge of the lake, but by the shadows cast by overhanging trees which they meticulously avoid. The medusae become trapped between swimming east toward the sun and swimming west away from the shade. The millions of jellyfish that were once in the west are now packed densely around the illuminated eastern rim of the lake, with nowhere else to go.&amp;nbsp; 

Nowhere else to go, that is, until the afternoon. As the day progresses, the sun passes directly overhead and then gradually begins to descend in the west, releasing the medusae from their quandary. As the sun begins to track westward, all the jellyfish accumulated in the east begin to follow the sun back across the lake, returning to where they originated in the morning. The jellyfish swim west until they encounter the shadow lines cast along the western edge of the lake as the sun descends in the west. They accumulate in the west, as they did in the east, swimming around, continually avoiding the shadows, staying in the sunlight and avoiding the shore. By 3 or 4 p.m., the eastern basin which became densely packed [[Image:Mastigias1.jpg|thumb|left|Mastigias medusae aggregate against the shadow-line cast by overhanging trees]]with jellyfish between 9 a.m. and 12 is again almost devoid of jellyfish as they have all returned to the western end of the lake. As the sun sets (very rapidly in the tropics), the shadows quickly move across the lake and the jellyfish can no longer remain in the sunlight. Now in the shadows, and lacking any directional light by which to orient their swimming in a horizontal direction, the animals begin to swim vertically, up and down in the water column, remaining more or less in the same position with respect to the shore (thus, this behavior keeps them away from the shore during the night). At this time, they may swim downward and encounter the nutrient rich boundary between the anoxic depths and the oxic upper layers where their algal symbionts absorb lots of nutrients. However, they are always moving - swimming up and down. When the sun rises the next day (but before it actually illuminates the lake's surface), the jellyfish accumulate at the surface in response to the increasing light. Here, once again, they mill around until the first rays of sun entice them to the east.&amp;nbsp; 

In summary, the jellyfish complete one round-trip migration from west to east and then back to the west every day between sunrise and sunset. At no point do they ever stop swimming - during the day or night. During the day, their swimming is either strongly directional as they migrate—eastward (in the morning) or westward (in the afternoon)—or haphazard as they mill about waiting for the sun or avoiding shadows. At night, they also swim continually, but vertically rather than horizontally as during the day. The migr[[Image:DVM.jpg|thumb|right|Bar Graph]]ation is the summed result of each individual animal responding to the light cues in the same way. 

&lt;br&gt; 

''[[Image:DHM.jpg|thumb|left|Bubble plot]]Left:'' Bubble plot showing changes in the density of Mastigias across the lake as each day progresses. Early in the morning (0700 hrs) Mastigias are found mostly in the western half of the lake, but they rapidly move to the east. During the afternoon, they return to the west, where they remain overnight. The rose diagrams down the side show the directions in which the jellyfish are swimming at those times. 

''Right:'' Bar graph showing the vertical distribution of Mastigias. The medusae are shallower during the day (light bars) and deeper during night (dark bars). 

&lt;br&gt; '''Why do the jellyfish migrate?''' 

Mastigias medusae get much of their energy from photosynthetic organisms - zooxanthellae - that live inside their cells. Consequently, it would make sense for the jellyfish to migrate so that they maximise the time they spend in the sun and, therefore, the energy they get from the zooxanthellae. However, the direction the Mastigias migrate in OTM does not maximize the time they spend in the sun. To achieve this, they should migrate from west to east, rather than from west to east and back to west. Mastigias in some other lakes do migrate from west to east and maximize their illumination. In these lakes, the migratory pattern is also much more diffuse, suggesting that the jellyfish don't respond as consistently to cues (light or shade) as they do in OTM. [[Image:Emedusivora1 copy.jpg|thumb|right]] 

So, why do the jellyfish in OTM migrate the way they do? Probably it is because OTM, unlike the other lakes, is inhabited by a large population of an important predator of the jellyfish - the anemone Entacmaea medusivora. In OTM, the direction in which the jellyfish migrate ensures that the edge of the lake, where the anemones lie in wait, will always be in shadow when the jellyfish arrive. The presence of this false edge, and the jellyfishes' response to it, minimizes their contact with the real edge inhabited by their predators. Those who don't respond, get eaten and don't reproduce. Thus, in this lake conflicting selection pressures have shaped their behavior - the need to sun their algae versus the need to avoid predators. In the end, it turns out that the medusae can miss a bit of dinner, but not be dinner, and survive.&amp;nbsp; 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson &amp;amp; L.E. Martin''&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Behavior| ]]</text>
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      <comment>/* Migration by Mastigias */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6629">Animals as simple as the jellyfish are rarely credited with complex behaviors. Scyphozoans are generally termed 'plankton' from the Greek for 'drifting' for good reason. But some plankton have evolved spectacular behaviors that help them to survive. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Migration by ''Mastigias''  ==

[[Image:MastigiasUW.jpg|thumb|right|Mastigias medusae avoid shaded water]] 

If you were to snorkel in &quot;Jellyfish Lake&quot; (Ongeim'l Tketau, OTM), Palau, just before dawn, you would find millions of ''Mastigias'' medusae milling around the western half of the lake. The gentle, rhythmic, pulsing of their bells would be more likely send you back to sleep than to remind you of jet propulsion, which is the mechanism by which they move. They swim in all directions, change their heading often, and have no particular destination. All this changes at dawn (6 am, never much less and never much more) when, with the sky brightening in the east, the jellyfish turn and swim diligently toward the rising sun. For an hour or more they swim, never faltering, rarely turning, with incessant contractions of their bell, until they approach the eastern end of the lake. Here, although still stimulated to swim eastward by the rising sun, they are stopped, not by the edge of the lake, but by the shadows cast by overhanging trees which they meticulously avoid. The medusae become trapped between swimming east toward the sun and swimming west away from the shade. The millions of jellyfish that were once in the west are now packed densely around the illuminated eastern rim of the lake, with nowhere else to go.&amp;nbsp; 

Nowhere else to go, that is, until the afternoon. As the day progresses, the sun passes directly overhead and then gradually begins to descend in the west, releasing the medusae from their quandary. As the sun begins to track westward, all the jellyfish accumulated in the east begin to follow the sun back across the lake, returning to where they originated in the morning. The jellyfish swim west until they encounter the shadow lines cast along the western edge of the lake as the sun descends in the west. They accumulate in the west, as they did in the east, swimming around, continually avoiding the shadows, staying in the sunlight and avoiding the shore. By 3 or 4 p.m., the eastern basin which became densely packed [[Image:Mastigias1.jpg|thumb|left|Mastigias medusae aggregate against the shadow-line cast by overhanging trees]]with jellyfish between 9 a.m. and 12 is again almost devoid of jellyfish as they have all returned to the western end of the lake. As the sun sets (very rapidly in the tropics), the shadows quickly move across the lake and the jellyfish can no longer remain in the sunlight. Now in the shadows, and lacking any directional light by which to orient their swimming in a horizontal direction, the animals begin to swim vertically, up and down in the water column, remaining more or less in the same position with respect to the shore (thus, this behavior keeps them away from the shore during the night). At this time, they may swim downward and encounter the nutrient rich boundary between the anoxic depths and the oxic upper layers where their algal symbionts absorb lots of nutrients. However, they are always moving - swimming up and down. When the sun rises the next day (but before it actually illuminates the lake's surface), the jellyfish accumulate at the surface in response to the increasing light. Here, once again, they mill around until the first rays of sun entice them to the east.&amp;nbsp; 

In summary, the jellyfish complete one round-trip migration from west to east and then back to the west every day between sunrise and sunset. At no point do they ever stop swimming - during the day or night. During the day, their swimming is either strongly directional as they migrate—eastward (in the morning) or westward (in the afternoon)—or haphazard as they mill about waiting for the sun or avoiding shadows. At night, they also swim continually, but vertically rather than horizontally as during the day. The migr[[Image:DVM.jpg|thumb|right|Bar Graph]]ation is the summed result of each individual animal responding to the light cues in the same way. 

&lt;br&gt; 

''[[Image:DHM.jpg|thumb|left|Bubble plot]]Left:'' Bubble plot showing changes in the density of ''Mastigias'' across the lake as each day progresses. Early in the morning (0700 hrs) Mastigias are found mostly in the western half of the lake, but they rapidly move to the east. During the afternoon, they return to the west, where they remain overnight. The rose diagrams down the side show the directions in which the jellyfish are swimming at those times. 

''Right:'' Bar graph showing the vertical distribution of ''Mastigias''. The medusae are shallower during the day (light bars) and deeper during night (dark bars). 

&lt;br&gt; '''Why do the jellyfish migrate?''' 

''Mastigias'' medusae get much of their energy from photosynthetic organisms - zooxanthellae - that live inside their cells. Consequently, it would make sense for the jellyfish to migrate so that they maximise the time they spend in the sun and, therefore, the energy they get from the zooxanthellae. However, the direction the ''Mastigias'' migrate in OTM does not maximize the time they spend in the sun. To achieve this, they should migrate from west to east, rather than from west to east and back to west. ''Mastigias'' in some other lakes do migrate from west to east and maximize their illumination. In these lakes, the migratory pattern is also much more diffuse, suggesting that the jellyfish don't respond as consistently to cues (light or shade) as they do in OTM. [[Image:Emedusivora1 copy.jpg|thumb|right]] 

So, why do the jellyfish in OTM migrate the way they do? Probably it is because OTM, unlike the other lakes, is inhabited by a large population of an important predator of the jellyfish - the anemone ''Entacmaea medusivora''. In OTM, the direction in which the jellyfish migrate ensures that the edge of the lake, where the anemones lie in wait, will always be in shadow when the jellyfish arrive. The presence of this false edge, and the jellyfishes' response to it, minimizes their contact with the real edge inhabited by their predators. Those who don't respond, get eaten and don't reproduce. Thus, in this lake conflicting selection pressures have shaped their behavior - the need to sun their algae versus the need to avoid predators. In the end, it turns out that the medusae can miss a bit of dinner, but not be dinner, and survive.&amp;nbsp; 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson &amp;amp; L.E. Martin''&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Behavior| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bibliography</title>
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      <comment>New page: This bibliography contains all publications cited in the pages of ''The Scyphozoa'' and other important references describing the biology and systematics of jellyfishes. Copyright permitti...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="44197">This bibliography contains all publications cited in the pages of ''The Scyphozoa'' and other important references describing the biology and systematics of jellyfishes. Copyright permitting, we have linked the citations to archived PDFs. If you think a publication should be here, but is not, please write to the webmaster, including a PDF if possible. We will add it to the bibliography. Thank you!



Surname of first author begins with ...&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

== A - E &lt;br&gt; ==

*Arai, M.N. 1997. A functional biology of Scyphozoa. Chapman &amp;amp; Hall, London.
*Arneson, A.C. &amp;amp; C. E. Cutress. 1976. Life history of Carybdea alata Reynaud, 1831 (Cubomedusae). Pp. 227-236 in Coelenterate Ecology and Behavior (G. O. Mackie ed.). Plenum Press, New York.
*Ates, R.M.L. 1989. Medusivorous Fishes, A Review. Zoologische Mededelingen 62:29-42.
*Ates, R.M.L. 1991. Predation on Cnidaria by vertebrates other than fishes. Hydrobiologia 216/217:305-307.

---&lt;br&gt;

*Bailey, P.M., AJ. Bakker, J.E. Seymour, &amp;amp; J. A. Wilce. 2005. A functional comparison of the venom of three Australian jellyfish- Chironex fleckeri, Chiropsalmus sp., and Carybdea xaymacana Ð on cytosolic Ca haemolysis and Artemia sp. lethality. Toxicon. 45:233-242.
*Bax, N., J. Carlton, A. Mathews-Amos, R. Haedrich, F.G. Howarth, J.E. Purcell, A. Reiser, &amp;amp; A. Gray. 2001. The control of biological invasions in the world's oceans. Conservation Biology 15:1234.
*Behrends, G, &amp;amp; G. Schneider. 1995. Impact of Aurelia aurita medusae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) on standing stock and community composition of mesoplankton in the Kiel Bight (western Baltic Sea). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 127:49-45.
*Blanquet, R.S., &amp;amp; M.A. Phelan. 1987. An unusual blue mesogleal protein from the mangrove jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana. Mar. Biol. 94:423Ð430.
*Blumer, M.J.F., L. von Salvini-Plawen, R. Kikinger, &amp;amp; T. Buchinger. 1995. Ocelli in a Cnidaria polyp: The ultrastructure of the pigment spots in Stylocoronella riedli (Scyphozoa, Stauromedusae). Zoomorphology 115:221-227.
*Bolton, T.F., &amp;amp; W.M. Graham. 2004.Morphological variation among populations of an invasive jellyfish. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 278:125-139.
*Breitburg, D.L. A. Adamack, K.A. Rose, S.E. Kolesar, M.B. Decker, J.E. Purcell, J.E. Keister &amp;amp; J.H. Cowan, Jr. 2003. The pattern and influence of low dissolved oxygen in the Patuxent River, a seasonally hypoxic estuary. Estuaries 26:280-297.
*Brewer, R. H. 1989. The Annual Pattern of Feeding, Growth, and Sexual Reproduction in Cyanea (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in the Niantic River Estuary, Conneticut. Biological Bulletin 176:272-281.
*Bridge, D., C.W. Cunningham, B. Schierwater, R. DeSalle, &amp;amp; L.W. Buss. 1992. Class-level relationships in the Phylum Cnidaria: evidence from mitochondrial genome structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 89:8750-8753.
*Bridge, D., C.W. Cunningham, R. DeSalle, &amp;amp; L.W. Buss. 1995. Class-level relationships in the Phylum Cnidaria: molecular and morphological evidence. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12:679-689.
*Brierley, A.S., B.E. Axelsen, D.C. Boyer, C.P. Lynam, C.A. Didcock, H.J. Boyer, C.A.J. Sparks, J.E. Purcell, &amp;amp; M.J. Gibbons. 2004. Single-target echo detections of jellyfish. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 61:383-393.
*Brown, C.W., R. R. Hood, Z. Li, M. B. Decker, T. Gross, J. E. Purcell &amp;amp; H. Wang. 2002. Forecasting system predicts presence of sea nettles in Chesapeake Bay. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 83:321, 325-326.
*Bumann, D. &amp;amp; Jarms G. 1997 Localisation of digestion activities in the polyps of Nausithoe planulophora (Werner, 1971) and Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner, 1984 ( Coronatae, Scyphozoa, Cnidaria). HelgolŠnder Meeresuntersuchungen 51: 477-485.
*Burnett, J.W., J.E. Purcell, D.B. Learn, &amp;amp; T. Myer. 1999. A protocol to evaluate the blockade of jellyfish nematocysts by topical agents. Contact Dermatitis 40:55-56.

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*Carlton, J.T. 1996. Biological invasions and cryptogenic species. Ecology 77:1653-1655.
*Carrette, T., P. Alderlsade &amp;amp; J. Seymour. 2002 Cnidome composition and prey preference in two species of cubozoans, Chironex fleckeri and Chiropsalmus sp. Toxicon 40:1547-1551.
*Chapman, D.M. 1999. Microanatomy of the bell rim of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Can. J. Zool. 77:34-46.
*Collins, A.G. 2002. Phylogeny of Medusozoa and the evolution of cnidarian life cycles. J. Evol. Biol. 15:418-432.
*Condon, R.H., M. B. Decker, &amp;amp; J.E. Purcell. 2001. Effects of low dissolved oxygen on survival and asexual reproduction of scyphozoan polyps (Chrysaora quinquecirrha). Hydrobiologia 451 (Dev. Hydrobiol. 155): 89-95.
*Cornelius, P.F.S. 1997. Class Scyphozoa - jellyfish. Pp.418-432 in A guide to the seashores of eastern Africa and the western Indian Ocean islands (ed. M.D. Richmond). SIDA/Department for Research Cooperation SAREC, Sweden.
*Coughlan, J.P., J. Seymour, &amp;amp; T.F. Cross. 2006. Isolation and characterisation of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci in the cubomedusan box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri, Cubozoa, Cnidaria). Mol. Ecol. Notes 6:41-43.

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*Dawson, M.N. 2003. Macro-morphological variation among cryptic species of the moon jellyfish, Aurelia (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Mar. Biol. 143:369-379. PDF. Erratum: Mar. Biol. 144:203. PDF
*Dawson, M.N. 2004. Some implications of molecular phylogenetics for understanding biodiversity in jellyfishes, with an emphasis on Scyphozoa. Hydrobiologia, 530/531:249Ð260.
*Dawson, M. N. 2005. Morphological variation and systematics in the Scyphozoa: Mastigias (Rhizostomeae, Mastigiidae) - a golden unstandard? Hydrobiologia 537:185-206. Online appendix (PDF)
*Dawson, M.N (2005) Five new subspecies of Mastigias (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Mastigiidae) from marine lakes, Palau, Micronesia. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 85:679-694.
*Dawson, M.N (2005) Morphologic and molecular redescription of Catostylus mosaicus conservativus (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Catostylidae) from south-east Australia. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 85:723-731.
*Dawson, M. N. 2005. Incipient speciation of Catostylus mosaicus (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae, Catostylidae), comparative phylogeography and biogeography in south-east Australia. J. Biogeogr. 32:515-533. PDF (This is an electronic version of an article published in Journal of Biogeography: complete citation information for the final version of the paper, as published in the print edition of Journal of Biogeography, is available on the Blackwell Synergy online delivery service, accessible via the journal's website at http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/JBI or http://www.blackwell-synergy.com.)
*Dawson, M. N, &amp;amp; W. M. Hamner. 2003. Geographic variation and behavioral evolution in marine plankton: the case of Mastigias (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae). Mar. Biol. 143:1161-1174. PDF
*Dawson, M.N, D.K. Jacobs. 2001. Molecular evidence for cryptic species of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa). Biol. Bull. 200:92-96.
*Dawson, M.N, &amp;amp; L.E. Martin. 2001. Geographic variation and ecological adaptation in Aurelia (Scyphozoa: Semaeostomeae): some implications from molecular phylogenetics. Hydrobiologia/Dev. Hydrobiologia 451:259-273.
*Dawson, M.N, K.A. Raskoff, &amp;amp; D.K. Jacobs. 1998. Preservation of marine invertebrate tissues for DNA analyses. Molec. Mar. Biol. Biotech. 7:145-152.
*de Bary, A. 1879. Die Erscheinung der Symbiose. Verlag Trubner, Straßburg
*Devaney, D.M., &amp;amp; L.G. Eldredge. 1977. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. B.P. Bishop Mus. Spec. Publ. 64(1).
*Dong, J. 2006. Laboratory observations on the life cycle of Cyanea nozakii (Semeostomida, Scyphozoa). Acta Zoologica Sinica 52:389-395.

---&lt;br&gt;

*Eckelbarger, K.J. &amp;amp; R.J. Larson. 1993. Ultrastructural study of the ovary of the sessile scyphozoan, Haliclystus octoradiatus (Cnidaria: Stauromedusae). J. Morph. 218:225-236.
*Ender, A., &amp;amp; B. Schierwater. 2003. Placozoa are not derived cnidarians: evidence from molecular morphology. Mol. Biol. Evol. 20: 130Ð134.&lt;br&gt;

== F - J &lt;br&gt; ==

*Franc, A. 1995a. Classe des cubozoaires (Cubozoa Werner, 1973). Pp. 885-922 in Traité de zoologie: anatomie, systématique, biologie volume III, fascicule 2: Cnidaires, Cténaires (D. Doumenc ed.). Masson, Paris.
*Franc, A. 1995b. Classe des scyphozoaires (Scyphozoa Goette, 1887) (=Acraspeda Gegenbaur, 1856). Pp. 597-884 in Traité de zoologie: anatomie, systématique, biologie volume III, fascicule 2: Cnidaires, Cténaires (D. Doumenc ed.). Masson, Paris.
*Folmer, O., M. Black, W. Hoeh, R. Lutz, &amp;amp; R. Vrijenhoek. 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotechnol. 3:294-299.
*Ford, M.D., J.H. Costello, K.B. Heidelberg &amp;amp; J.E. Purcell. 1997. Swimming and feeding by the scyphomedusa Chrysaora quinquecirrha. Mar. Biol. 129:355-362.

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*Gao, S., H. Hong, &amp;amp; S. Zhang. 2002. Phylum Cnidaria: Class Hydrozoa - Subclass Siphonophorae, Class Scyphozoa. Fauna Sinica Invertebrata Vol. 27, 275 p.
*Gershwin, L.A. 1999. Clonal and population variation in jellyfish symmetry. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 79:993-1000.
*Gershwin, L.A. 2001. Systematics and biogeography of the jellyfish Aurelia labiata (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Biol. Bull. 201:104-119.
*Gershwin, L.A. 2005. Carybdea alata Auct. and Manokia stiasnyi, reclassification to a new family with description of a new genus and two new species. Memoirs Queensland Mus. 51:501-523.
*Gershwin, L.-A., &amp;amp; A.G. Collins (2002) A preliminary phylogeny of Pelagiidae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa), with new observations of Chrysaora colorata comb. nov. J. Nat. Hist. 36:127-148.
*Gershwin, L.A., &amp;amp; P. Alderslade. 2005. A new genus and species of box jellyfish (Cubozoa: Carybdeidae) from tropical Australian waters. The Beagle 21:27-36.
*Graham, W.M., D.L. Martin, D.L. Felder, V.L. Asper, &amp;amp; H.M. Perry. 2003. Ecological and economic implications of a tropical jellyfish invader in the Gulf of Mexico. Biological Invasions 5:53-69.
*Graham, W.M., F. Pagès, &amp;amp; W.M. Hamner. 2001. A physical context for gelatinous zooplankton aggregations: a review. Hydrobiologia 451:199-212.
*Greenberg, N., R.L. Garthwaite, &amp;amp; D.C. Potts. 1996. Allozyme and morphological evidence for a newly introduced species of Aurelia in San Francisco Bay, California. Mar. Biol. 125:401-410.
*Grosholz, E. 2002. Ecological and evolutionary consequences of coastal invasions. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17:22-27.

---&lt;br&gt;

*Haddad Jr., V., F.L. da Silveira, J.L.C. Cardoso &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 2002. A report of 49 cases of cnidarian envenoming from southeastern Brazilian coastal waters. Toxicon 40(10):1445-1450. http://www.ib.usp.br/~acmorand/2002_Haddad_Jr_et_al (acidentes).pdf
*Haacke, W. 1887. Die scyphomedusen des St. Vincent Golfes. Jena. Z. Naturw. 20:588-638. PDF
*Haeckel, E.H.P.A. 1866. Generelle morphologie der organismenmicroform: allgemeine grundzüge der organischen formen-wissenschaft - mechanisch begründet durch die von Charles Darwin reformirte descendenz-theorie. G. Reimer, Berlin.
*Haeckel, E.H.P.A. 1879. Das system der medusen: erster theil einer monographie der medusen. G. Fischer, Jena.
*Hairston, N.G. Jr. 1980. The vertical distribution of diaptomid copepods in relation to body pigmentation. In: Kerfoot WC (ed) Evolution and ecology of zooplankton communities, special symposium, vol 3. American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, University Press of New England, Hanover, pp. 98Ð110.
*Hamner, W.M. 1982. Strange world of PalauÕs salt lakes. National Geographic 161:264Ð282.
*Hamner, W.M., &amp;amp; I.R. Hauri. 1981. Long-distance horizontal migrations of zooplankton (Scyphomedusae: Mastigias). Limnol. Oceanogr. 26:414 - 423.
*Hamner, W.M.,R.W. Gilmer, &amp;amp; P.P. Hamner. 1982. The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of a stratified, saline, sulfide lake in Palau. Limnology &amp;amp; Oceanography 27:896Ð909.
*Harbison, G.R., K.L. Smith, &amp;amp; R.H. Backus. 1973. Stygiomedusa fabulosa from the North Atlantic: its taxonomy, with a note on its natural history. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 53:615Ð617.
*Hebert, P.D.N., A. Cywinska, S.L. Ball, &amp;amp; J.R. deWaard. 2003. Biological Identifications through DNA barcodes. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 270:313-322.
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*Quoy, J.R.C. &amp;amp; Gaimard, J.P., 1824. Des zoophytes ou animaux rayonnés. In Voyage autour de monde … exécuté sur l'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant 1817-20. Zoologie IV, (ed. M.L. de Freycinet), pp. 559-571. Chez Pillet Ainé, Imprimeur-Libraire: Paris.

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*Sax, D.F. 2001. Latitudinal gradients and geographic ranges of exotic species: implications for biogeography. J. Biogeogr. 28:139-150.
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*Silveira, F.L. da &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 1997. Nausithoe aurea n. sp. (Scyphozoa, Coronatae.
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*Silveira, F.L. da &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 1998. New observations on dormancy mechanisms in Linuche unguiculata (Swartz, 1788) (Scyphozoa: Coronatae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Nova SŽrie, Zoologia 393:1-7.
*Silveira, F.L. da, G. Jarms &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 2003. Experiments in nature and laboratory observations with Nausithoe aurea (Scyphozoa: Coronatae) suggest the concept of perennation by tissue saving and confirm dormancy. Biota Neotropica 2(2):25p. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v2n2/pt/download?article+BN02202022002+item
*Smith, D.C., &amp;amp; A.E. Douglas. 1987. The biology of symbiosis. Edward Arnold, London.
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*Swartz, O. 1788. Medusa unguiculata och Actinia pusilla. PDF

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*Taylor, D., P. Pereira, J. Seymour &amp;amp; K.Winkel. 2002 A sting from an unknown jellyfish species associated with persistent symptoms and raised troponin I levels. Emerg. Med. 14:175-80
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== U - Z ==



*Uchida, T. 1929. Studies on the Stauromedusae and Cubomedusae, with special reference to their metamorphosis. Jap. J. Zool. 2:103-193.
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*Vanhöffen, E. 1888. Untersuchungen uber semaostome und rhizostome medusen. Bibliotheca Zoologica. PDF





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*Walker, W.F. &amp;amp; W.F. Doolittle. 1983. 5S rRNA sequences from four marine invertebrates and implications for base pairing models of metazoan sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:5159-5164.
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*Zak, B. 1971. Anomalies in body structure of jelly-fish Aurelia aurita L. in Southern Baltic. Przegl. Zool. 15:57-65. &lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="44763">This bibliography contains all publications cited in the pages of ''The Scyphozoa'' and other important references describing the biology and systematics of jellyfishes. Copyright permitting, we have linked the citations to archived PDFs. If you think a publication should be here, but is not, please write to the webmaster, including a PDF if possible. We will add it to the bibliography. Thank you!&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

== A - E &lt;br&gt;  ==

------ A ------&lt;br&gt;

*Arai, M.N. 1997. A functional biology of Scyphozoa. Chapman &amp;amp; Hall, London. 
*Arneson, A.C. &amp;amp; C. E. Cutress. 1976. Life history of Carybdea alata Reynaud, 1831 (Cubomedusae). Pp. 227-236 in Coelenterate Ecology and Behavior (G. O. Mackie ed.). Plenum Press, New York. 
*Ates, R.M.L. 1989. Medusivorous Fishes, A Review. Zoologische Mededelingen 62:29-42. 
*Ates, R.M.L. 1991. Predation on Cnidaria by vertebrates other than fishes. Hydrobiologia 216/217:305-307.

------ B ------&lt;br&gt; 

*Bailey, P.M., AJ. Bakker, J.E. Seymour, &amp;amp; J. A. Wilce. 2005. A functional comparison of the venom of three Australian jellyfish- Chironex fleckeri, Chiropsalmus sp., and Carybdea xaymacana Ð on cytosolic Ca haemolysis and Artemia sp. lethality. Toxicon. 45:233-242. 
*Bax, N., J. Carlton, A. Mathews-Amos, R. Haedrich, F.G. Howarth, J.E. Purcell, A. Reiser, &amp;amp; A. Gray. 2001. The control of biological invasions in the world's oceans. Conservation Biology 15:1234. 
*Behrends, G, &amp;amp; G. Schneider. 1995. Impact of Aurelia aurita medusae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) on standing stock and community composition of mesoplankton in the Kiel Bight (western Baltic Sea). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 127:49-45. 
*Blanquet, R.S., &amp;amp; M.A. Phelan. 1987. An unusual blue mesogleal protein from the mangrove jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana. Mar. Biol. 94:423Ð430. 
*Blumer, M.J.F., L. von Salvini-Plawen, R. Kikinger, &amp;amp; T. Buchinger. 1995. Ocelli in a Cnidaria polyp: The ultrastructure of the pigment spots in Stylocoronella riedli (Scyphozoa, Stauromedusae). Zoomorphology 115:221-227. 
*Bolton, T.F., &amp;amp; W.M. Graham. 2004.Morphological variation among populations of an invasive jellyfish. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 278:125-139. 
*Breitburg, D.L. A. Adamack, K.A. Rose, S.E. Kolesar, M.B. Decker, J.E. Purcell, J.E. Keister &amp;amp; J.H. Cowan, Jr. 2003. The pattern and influence of low dissolved oxygen in the Patuxent River, a seasonally hypoxic estuary. Estuaries 26:280-297. 
*Brewer, R. H. 1989. The Annual Pattern of Feeding, Growth, and Sexual Reproduction in Cyanea (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in the Niantic River Estuary, Conneticut. Biological Bulletin 176:272-281. 
*Bridge, D., C.W. Cunningham, B. Schierwater, R. DeSalle, &amp;amp; L.W. Buss. 1992. Class-level relationships in the Phylum Cnidaria: evidence from mitochondrial genome structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 89:8750-8753. 
*Bridge, D., C.W. Cunningham, R. DeSalle, &amp;amp; L.W. Buss. 1995. Class-level relationships in the Phylum Cnidaria: molecular and morphological evidence. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12:679-689. 
*Brierley, A.S., B.E. Axelsen, D.C. Boyer, C.P. Lynam, C.A. Didcock, H.J. Boyer, C.A.J. Sparks, J.E. Purcell, &amp;amp; M.J. Gibbons. 2004. Single-target echo detections of jellyfish. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 61:383-393. 
*Brown, C.W., R. R. Hood, Z. Li, M. B. Decker, T. Gross, J. E. Purcell &amp;amp; H. Wang. 2002. Forecasting system predicts presence of sea nettles in Chesapeake Bay. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 83:321, 325-326. 
*Bumann, D. &amp;amp; Jarms G. 1997 Localisation of digestion activities in the polyps of Nausithoe planulophora (Werner, 1971) and Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner, 1984 ( Coronatae, Scyphozoa, Cnidaria). HelgolŠnder Meeresuntersuchungen 51: 477-485. 
*Burnett, J.W., J.E. Purcell, D.B. Learn, &amp;amp; T. Myer. 1999. A protocol to evaluate the blockade of jellyfish nematocysts by topical agents. Contact Dermatitis 40:55-56.

------ C ------&lt;br&gt; 

*Carlton, J.T. 1996. Biological invasions and cryptogenic species. Ecology 77:1653-1655. 
*Carrette, T., P. Alderlsade &amp;amp; J. Seymour. 2002 Cnidome composition and prey preference in two species of cubozoans, Chironex fleckeri and Chiropsalmus sp. Toxicon 40:1547-1551. 
*Chapman, D.M. 1999. Microanatomy of the bell rim of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Can. J. Zool. 77:34-46. 
*Collins, A.G. 2002. Phylogeny of Medusozoa and the evolution of cnidarian life cycles. J. Evol. Biol. 15:418-432. 
*Condon, R.H., M. B. Decker, &amp;amp; J.E. Purcell. 2001. Effects of low dissolved oxygen on survival and asexual reproduction of scyphozoan polyps (Chrysaora quinquecirrha). Hydrobiologia 451 (Dev. Hydrobiol. 155): 89-95. 
*Cornelius, P.F.S. 1997. Class Scyphozoa - jellyfish. Pp.418-432 in A guide to the seashores of eastern Africa and the western Indian Ocean islands (ed. M.D. Richmond). SIDA/Department for Research Cooperation SAREC, Sweden. 
*Coughlan, J.P., J. Seymour, &amp;amp; T.F. Cross. 2006. Isolation and characterisation of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci in the cubomedusan box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri, Cubozoa, Cnidaria). Mol. Ecol. Notes 6:41-43.

------ D ------&lt;br&gt; 

*Dawson, M.N. 2003. Macro-morphological variation among cryptic species of the moon jellyfish, Aurelia (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Mar. Biol. 143:369-379. PDF. Erratum: Mar. Biol. 144:203. PDF 
*Dawson, M.N. 2004. Some implications of molecular phylogenetics for understanding biodiversity in jellyfishes, with an emphasis on Scyphozoa. Hydrobiologia, 530/531:249Ð260. 
*Dawson, M. N. 2005. Morphological variation and systematics in the Scyphozoa: Mastigias (Rhizostomeae, Mastigiidae) - a golden unstandard? Hydrobiologia 537:185-206. Online appendix (PDF) 
*Dawson, M.N (2005) Five new subspecies of Mastigias (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Mastigiidae) from marine lakes, Palau, Micronesia. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 85:679-694. 
*Dawson, M.N (2005) Morphologic and molecular redescription of Catostylus mosaicus conservativus (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Catostylidae) from south-east Australia. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 85:723-731. 
*Dawson, M. N. 2005. Incipient speciation of Catostylus mosaicus (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae, Catostylidae), comparative phylogeography and biogeography in south-east Australia. J. Biogeogr. 32:515-533. PDF (This is an electronic version of an article published in Journal of Biogeography: complete citation information for the final version of the paper, as published in the print edition of Journal of Biogeography, is available on the Blackwell Synergy online delivery service, accessible via the journal's website at http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/JBI or http://www.blackwell-synergy.com.) 
*Dawson, M. N, &amp;amp; W. M. Hamner. 2003. Geographic variation and behavioral evolution in marine plankton: the case of Mastigias (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae). Mar. Biol. 143:1161-1174. PDF 
*Dawson, M.N, D.K. Jacobs. 2001. Molecular evidence for cryptic species of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa). Biol. Bull. 200:92-96. 
*Dawson, M.N, &amp;amp; L.E. Martin. 2001. Geographic variation and ecological adaptation in Aurelia (Scyphozoa: Semaeostomeae): some implications from molecular phylogenetics. Hydrobiologia/Dev. Hydrobiologia 451:259-273. 
*Dawson, M.N, K.A. Raskoff, &amp;amp; D.K. Jacobs. 1998. Preservation of marine invertebrate tissues for DNA analyses. Molec. Mar. Biol. Biotech. 7:145-152. 
*de Bary, A. 1879. Die Erscheinung der Symbiose. Verlag Trubner, Straßburg 
*Devaney, D.M., &amp;amp; L.G. Eldredge. 1977. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. B.P. Bishop Mus. Spec. Publ. 64(1). 
*Dong, J. 2006. Laboratory observations on the life cycle of Cyanea nozakii (Semeostomida, Scyphozoa). Acta Zoologica Sinica 52:389-395.

------ E ------&lt;br&gt; 

*Eckelbarger, K.J. &amp;amp; R.J. Larson. 1993. Ultrastructural study of the ovary of the sessile scyphozoan, Haliclystus octoradiatus (Cnidaria: Stauromedusae). J. Morph. 218:225-236. 
*Ender, A., &amp;amp; B. Schierwater. 2003. Placozoa are not derived cnidarians: evidence from molecular morphology. Mol. Biol. Evol. 20: 130Ð134.&lt;br&gt;

== F - J &lt;br&gt;  ==

------ F ------&lt;br&gt;

*Franc, A. 1995a. Classe des cubozoaires (Cubozoa Werner, 1973). Pp. 885-922 in Traité de zoologie: anatomie, systématique, biologie volume III, fascicule 2: Cnidaires, Cténaires (D. Doumenc ed.). Masson, Paris. 
*Franc, A. 1995b. Classe des scyphozoaires (Scyphozoa Goette, 1887) (=Acraspeda Gegenbaur, 1856). Pp. 597-884 in Traité de zoologie: anatomie, systématique, biologie volume III, fascicule 2: Cnidaires, Cténaires (D. Doumenc ed.). Masson, Paris. 
*Folmer, O., M. Black, W. Hoeh, R. Lutz, &amp;amp; R. Vrijenhoek. 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotechnol. 3:294-299. 
*Ford, M.D., J.H. Costello, K.B. Heidelberg &amp;amp; J.E. Purcell. 1997. Swimming and feeding by the scyphomedusa Chrysaora quinquecirrha. Mar. Biol. 129:355-362.

------ G ------&lt;br&gt; 

*Gao, S., H. Hong, &amp;amp; S. Zhang. 2002. Phylum Cnidaria: Class Hydrozoa - Subclass Siphonophorae, Class Scyphozoa. Fauna Sinica Invertebrata Vol. 27, 275 p. 
*Gershwin, L.A. 1999. Clonal and population variation in jellyfish symmetry. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 79:993-1000. 
*Gershwin, L.A. 2001. Systematics and biogeography of the jellyfish Aurelia labiata (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Biol. Bull. 201:104-119. 
*Gershwin, L.A. 2005. Carybdea alata Auct. and Manokia stiasnyi, reclassification to a new family with description of a new genus and two new species. Memoirs Queensland Mus. 51:501-523. 
*Gershwin, L.-A., &amp;amp; A.G. Collins (2002) A preliminary phylogeny of Pelagiidae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa), with new observations of Chrysaora colorata comb. nov. J. Nat. Hist. 36:127-148. 
*Gershwin, L.A., &amp;amp; P. Alderslade. 2005. A new genus and species of box jellyfish (Cubozoa: Carybdeidae) from tropical Australian waters. The Beagle 21:27-36. 
*Graham, W.M., D.L. Martin, D.L. Felder, V.L. Asper, &amp;amp; H.M. Perry. 2003. Ecological and economic implications of a tropical jellyfish invader in the Gulf of Mexico. Biological Invasions 5:53-69. 
*Graham, W.M., F. Pagès, &amp;amp; W.M. Hamner. 2001. A physical context for gelatinous zooplankton aggregations: a review. Hydrobiologia 451:199-212. 
*Greenberg, N., R.L. Garthwaite, &amp;amp; D.C. Potts. 1996. Allozyme and morphological evidence for a newly introduced species of Aurelia in San Francisco Bay, California. Mar. Biol. 125:401-410. 
*Grosholz, E. 2002. Ecological and evolutionary consequences of coastal invasions. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17:22-27.

------ H ------&lt;br&gt; 

*Haddad Jr., V., F.L. da Silveira, J.L.C. Cardoso &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 2002. A report of 49 cases of cnidarian envenoming from southeastern Brazilian coastal waters. Toxicon 40(10):1445-1450. http://www.ib.usp.br/~acmorand/2002_Haddad_Jr_et_al (acidentes).pdf 
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*Purcell, J.E., &amp;amp; M.V. Sturdevant. 2001. Prey selection and dietary overlap among zooplanktivorous jellyfish and juvenile fishes in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 210: 67-83. 
*Purcell, J.E., E.D. Brown, K.D.E. Stokesbury, L.H. Haldorson, and T.C. Shirley. 2000. Aggregations of the jellyfish Aurelia labiata: Abundance, distribution, association with age-0 walleye pollock, and behaviors promoting aggregation in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 195:145-158. 
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*Purcell, J.E., F.P. Cresswell, D.G. Cargo, &amp;amp; V.S. Kennedy. 1991. Differential ingestion and digestion of bivalve larvae by the scyphozoan Chrysaora quinquecirrha and by the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. Biol. Bull. 180:103-111. 
*Purcell, J.E., A. Malej and A. Benovic. 1999. Potential links of jellyfish to eutrophication and fisheries. In: Ecosystems at the land-sea margin: drainage basin to coastal sea, T.C. Malone, A. Malej, L.W. Harding, Jr., N. Smodlaka and R.E.Turner (eds.), Coastal and Estuarine Studies 55:241-263. 
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*Sax, D.F. 2001. Latitudinal gradients and geographic ranges of exotic species: implications for biogeography. J. Biogeogr. 28:139-150. 
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*Silveira, F.L. da &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 1998. New observations on dormancy mechanisms in Linuche unguiculata (Swartz, 1788) (Scyphozoa: Coronatae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Nova SŽrie, Zoologia 393:1-7. 
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*Taylor, D., P. Pereira, J. Seymour &amp;amp; K.Winkel. 2002 A sting from an unknown jellyfish species associated with persistent symptoms and raised troponin I levels. Emerg. Med. 14:175-80 
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== U - Z  ==

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*Uchida, T. 1929. Studies on the Stauromedusae and Cubomedusae, with special reference to their metamorphosis. Jap. J. Zool. 2:103-193. 
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*Vanhöffen, E. 1888. Untersuchungen uber semaostome und rhizostome medusen. Bibliotheca Zoologica. PDF

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*Walker, W.F. &amp;amp; W.F. Doolittle. 1983. 5S rRNA sequences from four marine invertebrates and implications for base pairing models of metazoan sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:5159-5164. 
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*Zak, B. 1971. Anomalies in body structure of jelly-fish Aurelia aurita L. in Southern Baltic. Przegl. Zool. 15:57-65. &lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="44500">This bibliography contains all publications cited in the pages of ''The Scyphozoa'' and other important references describing the biology and systematics of jellyfishes. Copyright permitting, we have linked the citations to archived PDFs. If you think a publication should be here, but is not, please write to the webmaster, including a PDF if possible. We will add it to the bibliography. Thank you!&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

== A - E &lt;br&gt;  ==

A 

*Arai, M.N. 1997. A functional biology of Scyphozoa. Chapman &amp;amp; Hall, London. 
*Arneson, A.C. &amp;amp; C. E. Cutress. 1976. Life history of Carybdea alata Reynaud, 1831 (Cubomedusae). Pp. 227-236 in Coelenterate Ecology and Behavior (G. O. Mackie ed.). Plenum Press, New York. 
*Ates, R.M.L. 1989. Medusivorous Fishes, A Review. Zoologische Mededelingen 62:29-42. 
*Ates, R.M.L. 1991. Predation on Cnidaria by vertebrates other than fishes. Hydrobiologia 216/217:305-307.

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*Bailey, P.M., AJ. Bakker, J.E. Seymour, &amp;amp; J. A. Wilce. 2005. A functional comparison of the venom of three Australian jellyfish- Chironex fleckeri, Chiropsalmus sp., and Carybdea xaymacana Ð on cytosolic Ca haemolysis and Artemia sp. lethality. Toxicon. 45:233-242. 
*Bax, N., J. Carlton, A. Mathews-Amos, R. Haedrich, F.G. Howarth, J.E. Purcell, A. Reiser, &amp;amp; A. Gray. 2001. The control of biological invasions in the world's oceans. Conservation Biology 15:1234. 
*Behrends, G, &amp;amp; G. Schneider. 1995. Impact of Aurelia aurita medusae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) on standing stock and community composition of mesoplankton in the Kiel Bight (western Baltic Sea). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 127:49-45. 
*Blanquet, R.S., &amp;amp; M.A. Phelan. 1987. An unusual blue mesogleal protein from the mangrove jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana. Mar. Biol. 94:423Ð430. 
*Blumer, M.J.F., L. von Salvini-Plawen, R. Kikinger, &amp;amp; T. Buchinger. 1995. Ocelli in a Cnidaria polyp: The ultrastructure of the pigment spots in Stylocoronella riedli (Scyphozoa, Stauromedusae). Zoomorphology 115:221-227. 
*Bolton, T.F., &amp;amp; W.M. Graham. 2004.Morphological variation among populations of an invasive jellyfish. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 278:125-139. 
*Breitburg, D.L. A. Adamack, K.A. Rose, S.E. Kolesar, M.B. Decker, J.E. Purcell, J.E. Keister &amp;amp; J.H. Cowan, Jr. 2003. The pattern and influence of low dissolved oxygen in the Patuxent River, a seasonally hypoxic estuary. Estuaries 26:280-297. 
*Brewer, R. H. 1989. The Annual Pattern of Feeding, Growth, and Sexual Reproduction in Cyanea (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in the Niantic River Estuary, Conneticut. Biological Bulletin 176:272-281. 
*Bridge, D., C.W. Cunningham, B. Schierwater, R. DeSalle, &amp;amp; L.W. Buss. 1992. Class-level relationships in the Phylum Cnidaria: evidence from mitochondrial genome structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 89:8750-8753. 
*Bridge, D., C.W. Cunningham, R. DeSalle, &amp;amp; L.W. Buss. 1995. Class-level relationships in the Phylum Cnidaria: molecular and morphological evidence. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12:679-689. 
*Brierley, A.S., B.E. Axelsen, D.C. Boyer, C.P. Lynam, C.A. Didcock, H.J. Boyer, C.A.J. Sparks, J.E. Purcell, &amp;amp; M.J. Gibbons. 2004. Single-target echo detections of jellyfish. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 61:383-393. 
*Brown, C.W., R. R. Hood, Z. Li, M. B. Decker, T. Gross, J. E. Purcell &amp;amp; H. Wang. 2002. Forecasting system predicts presence of sea nettles in Chesapeake Bay. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 83:321, 325-326. 
*Bumann, D. &amp;amp; Jarms G. 1997 Localisation of digestion activities in the polyps of Nausithoe planulophora (Werner, 1971) and Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner, 1984 ( Coronatae, Scyphozoa, Cnidaria). HelgolŠnder Meeresuntersuchungen 51: 477-485. 
*Burnett, J.W., J.E. Purcell, D.B. Learn, &amp;amp; T. Myer. 1999. A protocol to evaluate the blockade of jellyfish nematocysts by topical agents. Contact Dermatitis 40:55-56.

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C 

*Carlton, J.T. 1996. Biological invasions and cryptogenic species. Ecology 77:1653-1655. 
*Carrette, T., P. Alderlsade &amp;amp; J. Seymour. 2002 Cnidome composition and prey preference in two species of cubozoans, Chironex fleckeri and Chiropsalmus sp. Toxicon 40:1547-1551. 
*Chapman, D.M. 1999. Microanatomy of the bell rim of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Can. J. Zool. 77:34-46. 
*Collins, A.G. 2002. Phylogeny of Medusozoa and the evolution of cnidarian life cycles. J. Evol. Biol. 15:418-432. 
*Condon, R.H., M. B. Decker, &amp;amp; J.E. Purcell. 2001. Effects of low dissolved oxygen on survival and asexual reproduction of scyphozoan polyps (Chrysaora quinquecirrha). Hydrobiologia 451 (Dev. Hydrobiol. 155): 89-95. 
*Cornelius, P.F.S. 1997. Class Scyphozoa - jellyfish. Pp.418-432 in A guide to the seashores of eastern Africa and the western Indian Ocean islands (ed. M.D. Richmond). SIDA/Department for Research Cooperation SAREC, Sweden. 
*Coughlan, J.P., J. Seymour, &amp;amp; T.F. Cross. 2006. Isolation and characterisation of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci in the cubomedusan box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri, Cubozoa, Cnidaria). Mol. Ecol. Notes 6:41-43.

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D 

*Dawson, M.N. 2003. Macro-morphological variation among cryptic species of the moon jellyfish, Aurelia (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Mar. Biol. 143:369-379. PDF. Erratum: Mar. Biol. 144:203. PDF 
*Dawson, M.N. 2004. Some implications of molecular phylogenetics for understanding biodiversity in jellyfishes, with an emphasis on Scyphozoa. Hydrobiologia, 530/531:249Ð260. 
*Dawson, M. N. 2005. Morphological variation and systematics in the Scyphozoa: Mastigias (Rhizostomeae, Mastigiidae) - a golden unstandard? Hydrobiologia 537:185-206. Online appendix (PDF) 
*Dawson, M.N (2005) Five new subspecies of Mastigias (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Mastigiidae) from marine lakes, Palau, Micronesia. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 85:679-694. 
*Dawson, M.N (2005) Morphologic and molecular redescription of Catostylus mosaicus conservativus (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Catostylidae) from south-east Australia. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 85:723-731. 
*Dawson, M. N. 2005. Incipient speciation of Catostylus mosaicus (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae, Catostylidae), comparative phylogeography and biogeography in south-east Australia. J. Biogeogr. 32:515-533. PDF (This is an electronic version of an article published in Journal of Biogeography: complete citation information for the final version of the paper, as published in the print edition of Journal of Biogeography, is available on the Blackwell Synergy online delivery service, accessible via the journal's website at http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/JBI or http://www.blackwell-synergy.com.) 
*Dawson, M. N, &amp;amp; W. M. Hamner. 2003. Geographic variation and behavioral evolution in marine plankton: the case of Mastigias (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae). Mar. Biol. 143:1161-1174. PDF 
*Dawson, M.N, D.K. Jacobs. 2001. Molecular evidence for cryptic species of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa). Biol. Bull. 200:92-96. 
*Dawson, M.N, &amp;amp; L.E. Martin. 2001. Geographic variation and ecological adaptation in Aurelia (Scyphozoa: Semaeostomeae): some implications from molecular phylogenetics. Hydrobiologia/Dev. Hydrobiologia 451:259-273. 
*Dawson, M.N, K.A. Raskoff, &amp;amp; D.K. Jacobs. 1998. Preservation of marine invertebrate tissues for DNA analyses. Molec. Mar. Biol. Biotech. 7:145-152. 
*de Bary, A. 1879. Die Erscheinung der Symbiose. Verlag Trubner, Straßburg 
*Devaney, D.M., &amp;amp; L.G. Eldredge. 1977. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. B.P. Bishop Mus. Spec. Publ. 64(1). 
*Dong, J. 2006. Laboratory observations on the life cycle of Cyanea nozakii (Semeostomida, Scyphozoa). Acta Zoologica Sinica 52:389-395.

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E 

*Eckelbarger, K.J. &amp;amp; R.J. Larson. 1993. Ultrastructural study of the ovary of the sessile scyphozoan, Haliclystus octoradiatus (Cnidaria: Stauromedusae). J. Morph. 218:225-236. 
*Ender, A., &amp;amp; B. Schierwater. 2003. Placozoa are not derived cnidarians: evidence from molecular morphology. Mol. Biol. Evol. 20: 130Ð134.&lt;br&gt;

== F - J &lt;br&gt;  ==

F 

*Franc, A. 1995a. Classe des cubozoaires (Cubozoa Werner, 1973). Pp. 885-922 in Traité de zoologie: anatomie, systématique, biologie volume III, fascicule 2: Cnidaires, Cténaires (D. Doumenc ed.). Masson, Paris. 
*Franc, A. 1995b. Classe des scyphozoaires (Scyphozoa Goette, 1887) (=Acraspeda Gegenbaur, 1856). Pp. 597-884 in Traité de zoologie: anatomie, systématique, biologie volume III, fascicule 2: Cnidaires, Cténaires (D. Doumenc ed.). Masson, Paris. 
*Folmer, O., M. Black, W. Hoeh, R. Lutz, &amp;amp; R. Vrijenhoek. 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotechnol. 3:294-299. 
*Ford, M.D., J.H. Costello, K.B. Heidelberg &amp;amp; J.E. Purcell. 1997. Swimming and feeding by the scyphomedusa Chrysaora quinquecirrha. Mar. Biol. 129:355-362.

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G 

*Gao, S., H. Hong, &amp;amp; S. Zhang. 2002. Phylum Cnidaria: Class Hydrozoa - Subclass Siphonophorae, Class Scyphozoa. Fauna Sinica Invertebrata Vol. 27, 275 p. 
*Gershwin, L.A. 1999. Clonal and population variation in jellyfish symmetry. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 79:993-1000. 
*Gershwin, L.A. 2001. Systematics and biogeography of the jellyfish Aurelia labiata (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Biol. Bull. 201:104-119. 
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*Purcell, J.E. 1995. Gelatinous Zooplankton. Pp. 125-133 In: Living Resources of the Delaware Estuary. L.E. Dove and R. M. Nyman (eds.). The Delaware Estuary Program. 
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*Purcell, J.E. 2003. Predation on zooplankton by large jellyfish (Aurelia labiata, Cyanea capillata, Aequorea aequorea) in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 246:137-152. 
*Purcell, J.E. 2005. Climate effects on formation of jellyfish and ctenophore blooms. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 85:461-476. 
*Purcell, J.E. 2005. Jellyfish may benefit from global changes. JMBA Global Mar. Environ. 2: 30-31. 
*Purcell, J.E., &amp;amp; M.N. Arai. 2001. Interactions of pelagic cnidarians and ctenophores with fishes: A review. Hydrobiologia 451 (Dev. Hydrobiol. 155): 27-44. 
*Purcell, J.E. and J.H. Cowan, Jr. 1995. Predation by the scyphomedusan Chrysaora quinquecirrha on Mnemiopsis leidyi ctenophores. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 128:63-70. 
*Purcell, J.E. &amp;amp; M.B. Decker. 2005. Effects of climate on relative predation by scyphomedusae and ctenophores on copepods in Chesapeake Bay during 1987-2000. Limnol. Oceanogr. 50: 376-387. http://aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_50/issue_1/0376.pdf 
*Purcell, J.E., &amp;amp; M.V. Sturdevant. 2001. Prey selection and dietary overlap among zooplanktivorous jellyfish and juvenile fishes in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 210: 67-83. 
*Purcell, J.E., E.D. Brown, K.D.E. Stokesbury, L.H. Haldorson, and T.C. Shirley. 2000. Aggregations of the jellyfish Aurelia labiata: Abundance, distribution, association with age-0 walleye pollock, and behaviors promoting aggregation in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 195:145-158. 
*Purcell, J.E., D.L. Breitburg, M.B. Decker, W.M. Graham, M.J. Youngbluth, &amp;amp; K.A.Raskoff. 2001. Pelagic cnidarians and ctenophores in low dissolved oxygen environments. Pp. 77-100 in Coastal hypoxia: consequences for living resources and ecosystems (Vol. 58, N.N. Rabalais &amp;amp; R.E. Turner eds.). American Geophysical Union, Washington D. C. 
*Purcell, J.E., F.P. Cresswell, D.G. Cargo, &amp;amp; V.S. Kennedy. 1991. Differential ingestion and digestion of bivalve larvae by the scyphozoan Chrysaora quinquecirrha and by the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. Biol. Bull. 180:103-111. 
*Purcell, J.E., A. Malej and A. Benovic. 1999. Potential links of jellyfish to eutrophication and fisheries. In: Ecosystems at the land-sea margin: drainage basin to coastal sea, T.C. Malone, A. Malej, L.W. Harding, Jr., N. Smodlaka and R.E.Turner (eds.), Coastal and Estuarine Studies 55:241-263. 
*Purcell, J.E., D.A. Nemazie, S.E. Dorsey, E.D. Houde, &amp;amp; J.C. Gamble. 1994. Predation mortality of bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) eggs and larvae due to scyphomedusae and ctenophores in Chesapeake Bay. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 114:47-58. 
*Purcell, J.E., M.V. Sturdevant, &amp;amp; C.P. Galt. 2005. A review of appendicularians as prey of fish and invertebrate predators. In Gorsky, G., M.J. Youngbluth and D. Deibel (Eds.), Response of marine ecosystems to global change: Ecological impact of appendicularians. Contemporary Publishing International, Paris, pp. 359-435. 
*Purcell, J.E., J.R. White, &amp;amp; M.R. Roman. 1994. Predation by gelatinous zooplankton and resource limitation as potential controls of Acartia tonsa copepod populations in Chesapeake Bay. Limnol. Oceanogr. 39:263-278. 
*Purcell, J.E., J.R. White, D.A. Nemazie &amp;amp; D.A. Wright. 1999. Temperature, salinity and food effects on asexual reproduction and abundance of the scyphozoan Chrysaora quinquecirrha. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 180:187-196.

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*Quoy, J.R.C. &amp;amp; Gaimard, J.P., 1824. Des zoophytes ou animaux rayonnés. In Voyage autour de monde … exécuté sur l'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant 1817-20. Zoologie IV, (ed. M.L. de Freycinet), pp. 559-571. Chez Pillet Ainé, Imprimeur-Libraire: Paris.

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*Sax, D.F. 2001. Latitudinal gradients and geographic ranges of exotic species: implications for biogeography. J. Biogeogr. 28:139-150. 
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*Silveira, F.L. da &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 1998. Asexual reproduction in Linuche unguiculata (Swartz, 1788) (Scyphozoa: Coronatae) by planuloid formation through strobilation and segmentation. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 111(4):781-794.Nausithoidae), a species with two pathways of reproduction after strobilation: sexual and asexual. Contributions to Zoology 66(4):235-246. 
*Silveira, F.L. da &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 1998. New observations on dormancy mechanisms in Linuche unguiculata (Swartz, 1788) (Scyphozoa: Coronatae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Nova SŽrie, Zoologia 393:1-7. 
*Silveira, F.L. da, G. Jarms &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 2003. Experiments in nature and laboratory observations with Nausithoe aurea (Scyphozoa: Coronatae) suggest the concept of perennation by tissue saving and confirm dormancy. Biota Neotropica 2(2):25p. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v2n2/pt/download?article+BN02202022002+item 
*Smith, D.C., &amp;amp; A.E. Douglas. 1987. The biology of symbiosis. Edward Arnold, London. 
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*Swartz, O. 1788. Medusa unguiculata och Actinia pusilla. PDF

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*Taylor, D., P. Pereira, J. Seymour &amp;amp; K.Winkel. 2002 A sting from an unknown jellyfish species associated with persistent symptoms and raised troponin I levels. Emerg. Med. 14:175-80 
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*Towanda, T., &amp;amp; E.V. Thuesen. 2006. Ectosymbiotic behavior of Cancer gracilis and its trophic relationships with its host Phacellophora camtschatica and the parasitoid Hyperia medusarum. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 315:221-236. 
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*Tubb, J.A. 1946. On the occurrence of Alepas pacifica Pilsbry in Tasmania. Records Aust. Mus. 11:383-385.&lt;br&gt;

== U - Z  ==

U 

*Uchida, T. 1929. Studies on the Stauromedusae and Cubomedusae, with special reference to their metamorphosis. Jap. J. Zool. 2:103-193. 
*Uchida, T. 1926. The anatomy and development of a rhizostome medusa, Mastigias papua L. Agassiz, with observations on the phylogeny of Rhizostomae. J. Fac. Sci. Tokyo Univ. sect. IV: Zool. 1:45-95. 
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*Uchida, T. 1965. Scyphozoa. Pp. 230-239 in New illustrated encyclopedia of the fauna of Japan ( K. Okada, S. Uchida, &amp;amp; T. Uchida, eds.). Hokuryukan, Tokyo. (In Japanese.)&lt;br&gt;

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*Vanhöffen, E. 1888. Untersuchungen uber semaostome und rhizostome medusen. Bibliotheca Zoologica. PDF

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W&amp;nbsp;

*Walker, W.F. &amp;amp; W.F. Doolittle. 1983. 5S rRNA sequences from four marine invertebrates and implications for base pairing models of metazoan sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:5159-5164. 
*Werner, B. 1975. Bau und Lebensgeschichte des Polypen von Tripedalia cystophora (Cubozoa, class. nov., Carybdeidae) und seine Bedeutung für die Evolution der Cnidaria. Helgolaender Wiss. Meeresunters. 27:461-504. 
*Wilkinson, D.M. 2001. At cross purposes. Nature 412: 485. 
*Wright, D.A. and J.E. Purcell. 1997. Effect of salinity on ionic shifts in mesohaline scyphomedusae, Chrysaora quinquecirrha. Biol. Bull.192:332-339.

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Y&amp;nbsp;

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Z &lt;br&gt; 

*Zak, B. 1971. Anomalies in body structure of jelly-fish Aurelia aurita L. in Southern Baltic. Przegl. Zool. 15:57-65. &lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="44509">This bibliography contains all publications cited in the pages of ''The Scyphozoa'' and other important references describing the biology and systematics of jellyfishes. Copyright permitting, we have linked the citations to archived PDFs. If you think a publication should be here, but is not, please mndawson@ucdavis.edu, including a PDF if possible. We will add it to the bibliography. Thank you!&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

== A - E &lt;br&gt;  ==

A 

*Arai, M.N. 1997. A functional biology of Scyphozoa. Chapman &amp;amp; Hall, London. 
*Arneson, A.C. &amp;amp; C. E. Cutress. 1976. Life history of Carybdea alata Reynaud, 1831 (Cubomedusae). Pp. 227-236 in Coelenterate Ecology and Behavior (G. O. Mackie ed.). Plenum Press, New York. 
*Ates, R.M.L. 1989. Medusivorous Fishes, A Review. Zoologische Mededelingen 62:29-42. 
*Ates, R.M.L. 1991. Predation on Cnidaria by vertebrates other than fishes. Hydrobiologia 216/217:305-307.

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B 

*Bailey, P.M., AJ. Bakker, J.E. Seymour, &amp;amp; J. A. Wilce. 2005. A functional comparison of the venom of three Australian jellyfish- Chironex fleckeri, Chiropsalmus sp., and Carybdea xaymacana Ð on cytosolic Ca haemolysis and Artemia sp. lethality. Toxicon. 45:233-242. 
*Bax, N., J. Carlton, A. Mathews-Amos, R. Haedrich, F.G. Howarth, J.E. Purcell, A. Reiser, &amp;amp; A. Gray. 2001. The control of biological invasions in the world's oceans. Conservation Biology 15:1234. 
*Behrends, G, &amp;amp; G. Schneider. 1995. Impact of Aurelia aurita medusae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) on standing stock and community composition of mesoplankton in the Kiel Bight (western Baltic Sea). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 127:49-45. 
*Blanquet, R.S., &amp;amp; M.A. Phelan. 1987. An unusual blue mesogleal protein from the mangrove jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana. Mar. Biol. 94:423Ð430. 
*Blumer, M.J.F., L. von Salvini-Plawen, R. Kikinger, &amp;amp; T. Buchinger. 1995. Ocelli in a Cnidaria polyp: The ultrastructure of the pigment spots in Stylocoronella riedli (Scyphozoa, Stauromedusae). Zoomorphology 115:221-227. 
*Bolton, T.F., &amp;amp; W.M. Graham. 2004.Morphological variation among populations of an invasive jellyfish. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 278:125-139. 
*Breitburg, D.L. A. Adamack, K.A. Rose, S.E. Kolesar, M.B. Decker, J.E. Purcell, J.E. Keister &amp;amp; J.H. Cowan, Jr. 2003. The pattern and influence of low dissolved oxygen in the Patuxent River, a seasonally hypoxic estuary. Estuaries 26:280-297. 
*Brewer, R. H. 1989. The Annual Pattern of Feeding, Growth, and Sexual Reproduction in Cyanea (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in the Niantic River Estuary, Conneticut. Biological Bulletin 176:272-281. 
*Bridge, D., C.W. Cunningham, B. Schierwater, R. DeSalle, &amp;amp; L.W. Buss. 1992. Class-level relationships in the Phylum Cnidaria: evidence from mitochondrial genome structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 89:8750-8753. 
*Bridge, D., C.W. Cunningham, R. DeSalle, &amp;amp; L.W. Buss. 1995. Class-level relationships in the Phylum Cnidaria: molecular and morphological evidence. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12:679-689. 
*Brierley, A.S., B.E. Axelsen, D.C. Boyer, C.P. Lynam, C.A. Didcock, H.J. Boyer, C.A.J. Sparks, J.E. Purcell, &amp;amp; M.J. Gibbons. 2004. Single-target echo detections of jellyfish. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 61:383-393. 
*Brown, C.W., R. R. Hood, Z. Li, M. B. Decker, T. Gross, J. E. Purcell &amp;amp; H. Wang. 2002. Forecasting system predicts presence of sea nettles in Chesapeake Bay. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 83:321, 325-326. 
*Bumann, D. &amp;amp; Jarms G. 1997 Localisation of digestion activities in the polyps of Nausithoe planulophora (Werner, 1971) and Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner, 1984 ( Coronatae, Scyphozoa, Cnidaria). HelgolŠnder Meeresuntersuchungen 51: 477-485. 
*Burnett, J.W., J.E. Purcell, D.B. Learn, &amp;amp; T. Myer. 1999. A protocol to evaluate the blockade of jellyfish nematocysts by topical agents. Contact Dermatitis 40:55-56.

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C 

*Carlton, J.T. 1996. Biological invasions and cryptogenic species. Ecology 77:1653-1655. 
*Carrette, T., P. Alderlsade &amp;amp; J. Seymour. 2002 Cnidome composition and prey preference in two species of cubozoans, Chironex fleckeri and Chiropsalmus sp. Toxicon 40:1547-1551. 
*Chapman, D.M. 1999. Microanatomy of the bell rim of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Can. J. Zool. 77:34-46. 
*Collins, A.G. 2002. Phylogeny of Medusozoa and the evolution of cnidarian life cycles. J. Evol. Biol. 15:418-432. 
*Condon, R.H., M. B. Decker, &amp;amp; J.E. Purcell. 2001. Effects of low dissolved oxygen on survival and asexual reproduction of scyphozoan polyps (Chrysaora quinquecirrha). Hydrobiologia 451 (Dev. Hydrobiol. 155): 89-95. 
*Cornelius, P.F.S. 1997. Class Scyphozoa - jellyfish. Pp.418-432 in A guide to the seashores of eastern Africa and the western Indian Ocean islands (ed. M.D. Richmond). SIDA/Department for Research Cooperation SAREC, Sweden. 
*Coughlan, J.P., J. Seymour, &amp;amp; T.F. Cross. 2006. Isolation and characterisation of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci in the cubomedusan box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri, Cubozoa, Cnidaria). Mol. Ecol. Notes 6:41-43.

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D 

*Dawson, M.N. 2003. Macro-morphological variation among cryptic species of the moon jellyfish, Aurelia (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Mar. Biol. 143:369-379. PDF. Erratum: Mar. Biol. 144:203. PDF 
*Dawson, M.N. 2004. Some implications of molecular phylogenetics for understanding biodiversity in jellyfishes, with an emphasis on Scyphozoa. Hydrobiologia, 530/531:249Ð260. 
*Dawson, M. N. 2005. Morphological variation and systematics in the Scyphozoa: Mastigias (Rhizostomeae, Mastigiidae) - a golden unstandard? Hydrobiologia 537:185-206. Online appendix (PDF) 
*Dawson, M.N (2005) Five new subspecies of Mastigias (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Mastigiidae) from marine lakes, Palau, Micronesia. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 85:679-694. 
*Dawson, M.N (2005) Morphologic and molecular redescription of Catostylus mosaicus conservativus (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Catostylidae) from south-east Australia. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 85:723-731. 
*Dawson, M. N. 2005. Incipient speciation of Catostylus mosaicus (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae, Catostylidae), comparative phylogeography and biogeography in south-east Australia. J. Biogeogr. 32:515-533. PDF (This is an electronic version of an article published in Journal of Biogeography: complete citation information for the final version of the paper, as published in the print edition of Journal of Biogeography, is available on the Blackwell Synergy online delivery service, accessible via the journal's website at http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/JBI or http://www.blackwell-synergy.com.) 
*Dawson, M. N, &amp;amp; W. M. Hamner. 2003. Geographic variation and behavioral evolution in marine plankton: the case of Mastigias (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae). Mar. Biol. 143:1161-1174. PDF 
*Dawson, M.N, D.K. Jacobs. 2001. Molecular evidence for cryptic species of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa). Biol. Bull. 200:92-96. 
*Dawson, M.N, &amp;amp; L.E. Martin. 2001. Geographic variation and ecological adaptation in Aurelia (Scyphozoa: Semaeostomeae): some implications from molecular phylogenetics. Hydrobiologia/Dev. Hydrobiologia 451:259-273. 
*Dawson, M.N, K.A. Raskoff, &amp;amp; D.K. Jacobs. 1998. Preservation of marine invertebrate tissues for DNA analyses. Molec. Mar. Biol. Biotech. 7:145-152. 
*de Bary, A. 1879. Die Erscheinung der Symbiose. Verlag Trubner, Straßburg 
*Devaney, D.M., &amp;amp; L.G. Eldredge. 1977. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. B.P. Bishop Mus. Spec. Publ. 64(1). 
*Dong, J. 2006. Laboratory observations on the life cycle of Cyanea nozakii (Semeostomida, Scyphozoa). Acta Zoologica Sinica 52:389-395.

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E 

*Eckelbarger, K.J. &amp;amp; R.J. Larson. 1993. Ultrastructural study of the ovary of the sessile scyphozoan, Haliclystus octoradiatus (Cnidaria: Stauromedusae). J. Morph. 218:225-236. 
*Ender, A., &amp;amp; B. Schierwater. 2003. Placozoa are not derived cnidarians: evidence from molecular morphology. Mol. Biol. Evol. 20: 130Ð134.&lt;br&gt;

== F - J &lt;br&gt;  ==

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*Franc, A. 1995a. Classe des cubozoaires (Cubozoa Werner, 1973). Pp. 885-922 in Traité de zoologie: anatomie, systématique, biologie volume III, fascicule 2: Cnidaires, Cténaires (D. Doumenc ed.). Masson, Paris. 
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*Phelan, M.A., J.L. Matta, Y.M. Reyes, R. Fernando, R.A. Boykins, &amp;amp; R.S. Blanquet. 2006. Associations between metals and the blue mesogleal protein of Cassiopea xamachana. Mar. Biol. 149:307-312. 
*Pitt, K.A., 2000. Life history and settlement preferences of the edible jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae). Marine Biology 136:269Ð279. 
*Pitt, K.A., &amp;amp; M.J.Kingsford. 1999. Jellyfish. In Under Southern Seas (ed. N.L. Andrew), pp. 98Ð105. University of New South Wales Press, Sydney. 
*Pitt, K.A., &amp;amp; M.J. Kingsford. 2000. Geographic separation of stocks of the edible jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus (Rhizostomeae) in New South Wales, Australia. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 136:143-155. 
*Pitt, K.A., &amp;amp; M.J. Kingsford. 2000. Reproductive biology of the edible jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus (Rhizostomeae). Marine Biology 137:791Ð799. 
*Pitt, K.A., &amp;amp; M.J. Kingsford. 2003. Temporal and spatial variation in recruitment and growth of medusae of the scyphozoan jellyfish, Catostylus mosaicus, (C. Scyphozoa, O. Rhizostomeae). Marine and Freshwater Research 54:117Ð125. 
*Pitt, K.A., &amp;amp; M.J. Kingsford. 2003. Temporal variation in the virgin biomass of the edible jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae). Fisheries Research 63:303Ð313. 
*Podar, M., S.H. Haddock, M.L. Sogin, &amp;amp; G.R. Harbison. 2001. A molecular phylogenetic framework for the phylum Ctenophora using 18S rRNA genes. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 21: 218-230. 
*Purcell, J.E. 1991. A review of cnidarians and ctenophores feeding on competitors in the plankton. Hydrobiologia 216/217:335-342. 
*Purcell, J.E. 1992. Effects of predation by the scyphomedusan Chrysaora quinequecirrha on zooplankton populations in Chesapeake Bay, USA. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 87:65-76. 
*Purcell, J.E. 1995. Gelatinous Zooplankton. Pp. 125-133 In: Living Resources of the Delaware Estuary. L.E. Dove and R. M. Nyman (eds.). The Delaware Estuary Program. 
*Purcell, J.E. 1997. Pelagic cnidarians and ctenophores as predators: Selective predation, feeding rates and effects on prey populations. Ann. Inst. Oceanogr., Paris 73:125-137. 
*Purcell, J.E. 2003. Predation on zooplankton by large jellyfish (Aurelia labiata, Cyanea capillata, Aequorea aequorea) in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 246:137-152. 
*Purcell, J.E. 2005. Climate effects on formation of jellyfish and ctenophore blooms. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 85:461-476. 
*Purcell, J.E. 2005. Jellyfish may benefit from global changes. JMBA Global Mar. Environ. 2: 30-31. 
*Purcell, J.E., &amp;amp; M.N. Arai. 2001. Interactions of pelagic cnidarians and ctenophores with fishes: A review. Hydrobiologia 451 (Dev. Hydrobiol. 155): 27-44. 
*Purcell, J.E. and J.H. Cowan, Jr. 1995. Predation by the scyphomedusan Chrysaora quinquecirrha on Mnemiopsis leidyi ctenophores. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 128:63-70. 
*Purcell, J.E. &amp;amp; M.B. Decker. 2005. Effects of climate on relative predation by scyphomedusae and ctenophores on copepods in Chesapeake Bay during 1987-2000. Limnol. Oceanogr. 50: 376-387. http://aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_50/issue_1/0376.pdf 
*Purcell, J.E., &amp;amp; M.V. Sturdevant. 2001. Prey selection and dietary overlap among zooplanktivorous jellyfish and juvenile fishes in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 210: 67-83. 
*Purcell, J.E., E.D. Brown, K.D.E. Stokesbury, L.H. Haldorson, and T.C. Shirley. 2000. Aggregations of the jellyfish Aurelia labiata: Abundance, distribution, association with age-0 walleye pollock, and behaviors promoting aggregation in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 195:145-158. 
*Purcell, J.E., D.L. Breitburg, M.B. Decker, W.M. Graham, M.J. Youngbluth, &amp;amp; K.A.Raskoff. 2001. Pelagic cnidarians and ctenophores in low dissolved oxygen environments. Pp. 77-100 in Coastal hypoxia: consequences for living resources and ecosystems (Vol. 58, N.N. Rabalais &amp;amp; R.E. Turner eds.). American Geophysical Union, Washington D. C. 
*Purcell, J.E., F.P. Cresswell, D.G. Cargo, &amp;amp; V.S. Kennedy. 1991. Differential ingestion and digestion of bivalve larvae by the scyphozoan Chrysaora quinquecirrha and by the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. Biol. Bull. 180:103-111. 
*Purcell, J.E., A. Malej and A. Benovic. 1999. Potential links of jellyfish to eutrophication and fisheries. In: Ecosystems at the land-sea margin: drainage basin to coastal sea, T.C. Malone, A. Malej, L.W. Harding, Jr., N. Smodlaka and R.E.Turner (eds.), Coastal and Estuarine Studies 55:241-263. 
*Purcell, J.E., D.A. Nemazie, S.E. Dorsey, E.D. Houde, &amp;amp; J.C. Gamble. 1994. Predation mortality of bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) eggs and larvae due to scyphomedusae and ctenophores in Chesapeake Bay. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 114:47-58. 
*Purcell, J.E., M.V. Sturdevant, &amp;amp; C.P. Galt. 2005. A review of appendicularians as prey of fish and invertebrate predators. In Gorsky, G., M.J. Youngbluth and D. Deibel (Eds.), Response of marine ecosystems to global change: Ecological impact of appendicularians. Contemporary Publishing International, Paris, pp. 359-435. 
*Purcell, J.E., J.R. White, &amp;amp; M.R. Roman. 1994. Predation by gelatinous zooplankton and resource limitation as potential controls of Acartia tonsa copepod populations in Chesapeake Bay. Limnol. Oceanogr. 39:263-278. 
*Purcell, J.E., J.R. White, D.A. Nemazie &amp;amp; D.A. Wright. 1999. Temperature, salinity and food effects on asexual reproduction and abundance of the scyphozoan Chrysaora quinquecirrha. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 180:187-196.

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*Quoy, J.R.C. &amp;amp; Gaimard, J.P., 1824. Des zoophytes ou animaux rayonnés. In Voyage autour de monde … exécuté sur l'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant 1817-20. Zoologie IV, (ed. M.L. de Freycinet), pp. 559-571. Chez Pillet Ainé, Imprimeur-Libraire: Paris.

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*Ramasamy, S., G.K. Isbister, J. E. Seymour &amp;amp; W. C. Hodgson. 2003 The in vitro effects of two chirodropid (Chironex fleckeri and Chiropsalmus sp.) venoms: efficacy of box jellyfish antivenom. Toxicon. 41:703-711. 
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*Rouse, G., &amp;amp; K.A. Pitt. 2000. Ultrastructure of the sperm of Catostylus mosaicus and Phyllorhiza punctata (Scyphozoa, Cnidaria): implications for sperm terminology and the inference of reproductive mechanisms. Invertebrate Reproduction &amp;amp; Development 8:23Ð34. 
*Rudloe, J. 1997. Harvesting and processing of cannonball jellyfish: Instruction and Training Manual. Prepared by P.G. Johnson &amp;amp; Associates Inc. Crawfordville, Florida 32327. 
*Ruiz, G.M., T.K. Rawlings, F.C. Dobbs, L.A. Drake, T. Mullady, A. Huq, &amp;amp; R.R. Colwell. 2000. Global spread of microorganisms by ships. Nature 408:49. 
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*Russell, F.S., W.J. Rees. 1960. The viviparous scyphomedusa Stygiomedusa fabulosa Russell. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 39:303Ð317.

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*Sax, D.F. 2001. Latitudinal gradients and geographic ranges of exotic species: implications for biogeography. J. Biogeogr. 28:139-150. 
*Schroth, W., G. Jarms, B. Streit, &amp;amp; B. Schierwater. 2002. Speciation and phylogeography in the cosmopolitan marine moon jelly, Aurelia sp. BioMed Central Evol Biol 2:1-10. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/2/1 
*Seutin, G., B.N. White, &amp;amp; P.T. Boag. 1991. Preservation of avian blood and tissue samples for DNA analyses. Can. J. Zool. 69:82 - 90. 
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*Seymour, J., T. Carrette, P. Cullen, R. Mulcahy, M. Little &amp;amp; P. Pereira. 2002. The use of pressure immobilization bandages in the first aid management of cubozoan envenomings. Toxicon.40:1503-1505 
*Shorten, M., J. Davenport, J.E. Seymour, M.C. Cross, T.J. Carrette, G. Woodward, &amp;amp; T. F. Cross. 2005. Kinematic analysis of swimming in Australian box jellyfish - Chiropsalmus sp. and Chironex fleckeri (Cubozoa, Cnidaria, Chirodropidae). J. Zoology 267:371-380. 
*Silveira, F.L. da &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 1996. Stephanoscyphistoma corniformis (Komai, 1936) (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Coronatae) from the north coast of S‹o Paulo, Brazil. Semina, Cincias Biol—gicas/Saœde 17(2):137-145. 
*Silveira, F.L. da &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 1997. Nausithoe aurea n. sp. (Scyphozoa, Coronatae. 
*Silveira, F.L. da &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 1998. Asexual reproduction in Linuche unguiculata (Swartz, 1788) (Scyphozoa: Coronatae) by planuloid formation through strobilation and segmentation. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 111(4):781-794.Nausithoidae), a species with two pathways of reproduction after strobilation: sexual and asexual. Contributions to Zoology 66(4):235-246. 
*Silveira, F.L. da &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 1998. New observations on dormancy mechanisms in Linuche unguiculata (Swartz, 1788) (Scyphozoa: Coronatae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Nova SŽrie, Zoologia 393:1-7. 
*Silveira, F.L. da, G. Jarms &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 2003. Experiments in nature and laboratory observations with Nausithoe aurea (Scyphozoa: Coronatae) suggest the concept of perennation by tissue saving and confirm dormancy. Biota Neotropica 2(2):25p. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v2n2/pt/download?article+BN02202022002+item 
*Smith, D.C., &amp;amp; A.E. Douglas. 1987. The biology of symbiosis. Edward Arnold, London. 
*Sštje, I. &amp;amp; Jarms, G. 1999. Description of Thecoscyphus zibrowii WERNER, 1984 (Scyphozoa, Coronatae) with remarks on the life cycle. Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst. 96: 5-13. 
*Southcott, R.V. 1967. Revision of some Carybdeidae (Scyphozoa: Cubomedusae), including a description of the jellyfish responsible for the &quot;Irukandji syndrome&quot;. Aust. J. Zool. 15:651-671. 
*Stiasny, G. 1919. Die scyphomedusen-sammlung des naturhistorischen reichsmuseums in leiden. II. Stauromedusen, Coronatae, Semaeostomae. Zool. Meded. 5:66-98. PDF 
*Stiasny, G. 1921a. Studien über rhizostomeen. In Capita Zoologica (E.D. van Oort, ed.). Martinus Njhoff, Gravenhage. 
*Stiasny, G. 1921b. Results of Dr. E. Mjöbergs Swedish scientific expeditions to Australia 1910-1913: XXX, Scyphomedusen. K. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 62:1-12. PDF 
*Stiasny, G. , &amp;amp; H. van der Maaden. 1943. Über scyphomedusen aus dem Ochotskishen und Kamtschatka Meer nebst einer kritik der Genera Cyanea und Desmonema. Zool. Jb. Abt. Syst. 76:227-266. PDF 
*Swartz, O. 1788. Medusa unguiculata och Actinia pusilla. PDF

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*Taylor, D., P. Pereira, J. Seymour &amp;amp; K.Winkel. 2002 A sting from an unknown jellyfish species associated with persistent symptoms and raised troponin I levels. Emerg. Med. 14:175-80 
*Thiel, M.E. 1966. Beitrag zur kenntnis westafrikanischer hydro- und scyphomedusen. Mitt. Hamburg. Mus. Inst. 63:3-27. 
*Thiel, M.E. 1978. Die postephyrale entwicklung des gastrovascularsystems der rhizostomida nebst ergänzungen und berichtigungen zu den Stiasnyschen typen dieser entwicklung, zugleich ein zeugniz für das Haeckelsche biogenetische grundgesetz. Sonderdruck Z. f. Zool. Syst. Evol. 16:267-289. 
*Tiemann, H., Sštje, I., Jarms, G., Paulmann, C., Epple, M. &amp;amp; Hasse, B. 2002. Calcium sulphate hemihydrate in statoliths of deep-sea medusae. J. Chemical Soc., Dalton Transactions 2002:1266-1268 
*Towanda, T., &amp;amp; E.V. Thuesen. 2006. Ectosymbiotic behavior of Cancer gracilis and its trophic relationships with its host Phacellophora camtschatica and the parasitoid Hyperia medusarum. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 315:221-236. 
*Tronolone, V.B., A.C. Morandini &amp;amp; A.E. Migotto. 2002. On the occurrence of scyphozoan ephyrae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Semaeostomeae and Rhizostomeae) in the southeastern Brazilian coast. Biota Neotropica 2(2):18p. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v2n2/pt/fullpaper?bn02102022002+en 
*Tubb, J.A. 1946. On the occurrence of Alepas pacifica Pilsbry in Tasmania. Records Aust. Mus. 11:383-385.&lt;br&gt;

== U - Z  ==

U 

*Uchida, T. 1929. Studies on the Stauromedusae and Cubomedusae, with special reference to their metamorphosis. Jap. J. Zool. 2:103-193. 
*Uchida, T. 1926. The anatomy and development of a rhizostome medusa, Mastigias papua L. Agassiz, with observations on the phylogeny of Rhizostomae. J. Fac. Sci. Tokyo Univ. sect. IV: Zool. 1:45-95. 
*Uchida, T. 1947. Some medusae from the central Pacific. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. ser. 6: Zool. 9:297-319. PDF 
*Uchida, T. 1954. Distribution of scyphomedusae in Japanese and its adjacent waters. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. ser. 6: Zool. 12:209-219. 
*Uchida, T. 1965. Scyphozoa. Pp. 230-239 in New illustrated encyclopedia of the fauna of Japan ( K. Okada, S. Uchida, &amp;amp; T. Uchida, eds.). Hokuryukan, Tokyo. (In Japanese.)&lt;br&gt;

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*Vanhöffen, E. 1888. Untersuchungen uber semaostome und rhizostome medusen. Bibliotheca Zoologica. PDF

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*Walker, W.F. &amp;amp; W.F. Doolittle. 1983. 5S rRNA sequences from four marine invertebrates and implications for base pairing models of metazoan sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:5159-5164. 
*Werner, B. 1975. Bau und Lebensgeschichte des Polypen von Tripedalia cystophora (Cubozoa, class. nov., Carybdeidae) und seine Bedeutung für die Evolution der Cnidaria. Helgolaender Wiss. Meeresunters. 27:461-504. 
*Wilkinson, D.M. 2001. At cross purposes. Nature 412: 485. 
*Wright, D.A. and J.E. Purcell. 1997. Effect of salinity on ionic shifts in mesohaline scyphomedusae, Chrysaora quinquecirrha. Biol. Bull.192:332-339.

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Z &lt;br&gt; 

*Zak, B. 1971. Anomalies in body structure of jelly-fish Aurelia aurita L. in Southern Baltic. Przegl. Zool. 15:57-65. &lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="43993">This bibliography contains all publications cited in the pages of ''The Scyphozoa'' and other important references describing the biology and systematics of jellyfishes. Copyright permitting, we have linked the citations to archived PDFs. If you think a publication should be here, but is not, please mndawson@ucdavis.edu, including a PDF if possible. We will add it to the bibliography. Thank you!&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

== A - E &lt;br&gt;  ==

A 

*Arai, M.N. 1997. A functional biology of Scyphozoa. Chapman &amp;amp; Hall, London. 
*Arneson, A.C. &amp;amp; C. E. Cutress. 1976. Life history of Carybdea alata Reynaud, 1831 (Cubomedusae). Pp. 227-236 in Coelenterate Ecology and Behavior (G. O. Mackie ed.). Plenum Press, New York. 
*Ates, R.M.L. 1989. Medusivorous Fishes, A Review. Zoologische Mededelingen 62:29-42. 
*Ates, R.M.L. 1991. Predation on Cnidaria by vertebrates other than fishes. Hydrobiologia 216/217:305-307.

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*Bailey, P.M., AJ. Bakker, J.E. Seymour, &amp;amp; J. A. Wilce. 2005. A functional comparison of the venom of three Australian jellyfish- Chironex fleckeri, Chiropsalmus sp., and Carybdea xaymacana Ð on cytosolic Ca haemolysis and Artemia sp. lethality. Toxicon. 45:233-242. 
*Bax, N., J. Carlton, A. Mathews-Amos, R. Haedrich, F.G. Howarth, J.E. Purcell, A. Reiser, &amp;amp; A. Gray. 2001. The control of biological invasions in the world's oceans. Conservation Biology 15:1234. 
*Behrends, G, &amp;amp; G. Schneider. 1995. Impact of Aurelia aurita medusae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) on standing stock and community composition of mesoplankton in the Kiel Bight (western Baltic Sea). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 127:49-45. 
*Blanquet, R.S., &amp;amp; M.A. Phelan. 1987. An unusual blue mesogleal protein from the mangrove jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana. Mar. Biol. 94:423Ð430. 
*Blumer, M.J.F., L. von Salvini-Plawen, R. Kikinger, &amp;amp; T. Buchinger. 1995. Ocelli in a Cnidaria polyp: The ultrastructure of the pigment spots in Stylocoronella riedli (Scyphozoa, Stauromedusae). Zoomorphology 115:221-227. 
*Bolton, T.F., &amp;amp; W.M. Graham. 2004.Morphological variation among populations of an invasive jellyfish. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 278:125-139. 
*Breitburg, D.L. A. Adamack, K.A. Rose, S.E. Kolesar, M.B. Decker, J.E. Purcell, J.E. Keister &amp;amp; J.H. Cowan, Jr. 2003. The pattern and influence of low dissolved oxygen in the Patuxent River, a seasonally hypoxic estuary. Estuaries 26:280-297. 
*Brewer, R. H. 1989. The Annual Pattern of Feeding, Growth, and Sexual Reproduction in Cyanea (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in the Niantic River Estuary, Conneticut. Biological Bulletin 176:272-281. 
*Bridge, D., C.W. Cunningham, B. Schierwater, R. DeSalle, &amp;amp; L.W. Buss. 1992. Class-level relationships in the Phylum Cnidaria: evidence from mitochondrial genome structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 89:8750-8753. 
*Bridge, D., C.W. Cunningham, R. DeSalle, &amp;amp; L.W. Buss. 1995. Class-level relationships in the Phylum Cnidaria: molecular and morphological evidence. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12:679-689. 
*Brierley, A.S., B.E. Axelsen, D.C. Boyer, C.P. Lynam, C.A. Didcock, H.J. Boyer, C.A.J. Sparks, J.E. Purcell, &amp;amp; M.J. Gibbons. 2004. Single-target echo detections of jellyfish. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 61:383-393. 
*Brown, C.W., R. R. Hood, Z. Li, M. B. Decker, T. Gross, J. E. Purcell &amp;amp; H. Wang. 2002. Forecasting system predicts presence of sea nettles in Chesapeake Bay. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 83:321, 325-326. 
*Bumann, D. &amp;amp; Jarms G. 1997 Localisation of digestion activities in the polyps of Nausithoe planulophora (Werner, 1971) and Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner, 1984 ( Coronatae, Scyphozoa, Cnidaria). HelgolŠnder Meeresuntersuchungen 51: 477-485. 
*Burnett, J.W., J.E. Purcell, D.B. Learn, &amp;amp; T. Myer. 1999. A protocol to evaluate the blockade of jellyfish nematocysts by topical agents. Contact Dermatitis 40:55-56.

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C 

*Carlton, J.T. 1996. Biological invasions and cryptogenic species. Ecology 77:1653-1655. 
*Carrette, T., P. Alderlsade &amp;amp; J. Seymour. 2002 Cnidome composition and prey preference in two species of cubozoans, Chironex fleckeri and Chiropsalmus sp. Toxicon 40:1547-1551. 
*Chapman, D.M. 1999. Microanatomy of the bell rim of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Can. J. Zool. 77:34-46. 
*Collins, A.G. 2002. Phylogeny of Medusozoa and the evolution of cnidarian life cycles. J. Evol. Biol. 15:418-432. 
*Condon, R.H., M. B. Decker, &amp;amp; J.E. Purcell. 2001. Effects of low dissolved oxygen on survival and asexual reproduction of scyphozoan polyps (Chrysaora quinquecirrha). Hydrobiologia 451 (Dev. Hydrobiol. 155): 89-95. 
*Cornelius, P.F.S. 1997. Class Scyphozoa - jellyfish. Pp.418-432 in A guide to the seashores of eastern Africa and the western Indian Ocean islands (ed. M.D. Richmond). SIDA/Department for Research Cooperation SAREC, Sweden. 
*Coughlan, J.P., J. Seymour, &amp;amp; T.F. Cross. 2006. Isolation and characterisation of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci in the cubomedusan box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri, Cubozoa, Cnidaria). Mol. Ecol. Notes 6:41-43.

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D 

*Dawson, M.N. 2003. Macro-morphological variation among cryptic species of the moon jellyfish, Aurelia (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Mar. Biol. 143:369-379. Erratum: Mar. Biol. 144:203.  
*Dawson, M.N. 2004. Some implications of molecular phylogenetics for understanding biodiversity in jellyfishes, with an emphasis on Scyphozoa. Hydrobiologia, 530/531:249Ð260. 
*Dawson, M. N. 2005. Morphological variation and systematics in the Scyphozoa: Mastigias (Rhizostomeae, Mastigiidae) - a golden unstandard? Hydrobiologia 537:185-206. Online appendix (PDF) 
*Dawson, M.N (2005) Five new subspecies of Mastigias (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Mastigiidae) from marine lakes, Palau, Micronesia. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 85:679-694. 
*Dawson, M.N (2005) Morphologic and molecular redescription of Catostylus mosaicus conservativus (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Catostylidae) from south-east Australia. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 85:723-731. 
*Dawson, M. N. 2005. Incipient speciation of Catostylus mosaicus (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae, Catostylidae), comparative phylogeography and biogeography in south-east Australia. J. Biogeogr. 32:515-533. 
*Dawson, M. N, &amp;amp; W. M. Hamner. 2003. Geographic variation and behavioral evolution in marine plankton: the case of Mastigias (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae). Mar. Biol. 143:1161-1174. 
*Dawson, M.N, D.K. Jacobs. 2001. Molecular evidence for cryptic species of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa). Biol. Bull. 200:92-96. 
*Dawson, M.N, &amp;amp; L.E. Martin. 2001. Geographic variation and ecological adaptation in Aurelia (Scyphozoa: Semaeostomeae): some implications from molecular phylogenetics. Hydrobiologia/Dev. Hydrobiologia 451:259-273. 
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*Östman, C. 2000. A guideline to nematocyst nomenclature and classification, and some notes on the systematic value of nematocysts. Scientia Marina. 64 (Supp. 1):31-46. 
*Otto, J.J. 1976. Early development and planula movement in Haliclystus (Scyphozoa: Stauromedusae). Pp. 319-329 in Coelenterate Ecology and Behavior (G.O. Mackie ed.). Plenum Press, New York. 
*Otto, J.J. 1978. The settlement of Haliclystus planulae. Pp. 13-22 in Settlement and metamorphosis of marine invertebrate larvae (eds. F.-S. Chia &amp;amp; M. Rice). Elsevier, New York.&lt;br&gt;

== P - T &lt;br&gt;  ==

P 

*Pagès, F., J.-M. Gili, &amp;amp; J. Bouillon. 1992. Planktonic cnidarians of the Benguela Current. Scientia Marina 56 (Supp. 1):1-144. 
*Pagès, F. 2000. Biological associations between barnacles and jellyfish with emphasis on the ectoparasitism of Alepas pacifica (Lepadomorpha) on Diplulmaris malayensis (Scyphozoa). J. Nat Hist. 34:2045-2056. 
*Panikkar, N.K., &amp;amp; R.G. Aiyar. 1939. Observations on breeding in brackish-water animals of Madras - Acromitus flagellatus. Proc. Indian. Acad. Sci. 9(B): 347-349.  
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*Pitt, K.A., 2000. Life history and settlement preferences of the edible jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae). Marine Biology 136:269Ð279. 
*Pitt, K.A., &amp;amp; M.J.Kingsford. 1999. Jellyfish. In Under Southern Seas (ed. N.L. Andrew), pp. 98Ð105. University of New South Wales Press, Sydney. 
*Pitt, K.A., &amp;amp; M.J. Kingsford. 2000. Geographic separation of stocks of the edible jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus (Rhizostomeae) in New South Wales, Australia. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 136:143-155. 
*Pitt, K.A., &amp;amp; M.J. Kingsford. 2000. Reproductive biology of the edible jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus (Rhizostomeae). Marine Biology 137:791Ð799. 
*Pitt, K.A., &amp;amp; M.J. Kingsford. 2003. Temporal and spatial variation in recruitment and growth of medusae of the scyphozoan jellyfish, Catostylus mosaicus, (C. Scyphozoa, O. Rhizostomeae). Marine and Freshwater Research 54:117Ð125. 
*Pitt, K.A., &amp;amp; M.J. Kingsford. 2003. Temporal variation in the virgin biomass of the edible jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae). Fisheries Research 63:303Ð313. 
*Podar, M., S.H. Haddock, M.L. Sogin, &amp;amp; G.R. Harbison. 2001. A molecular phylogenetic framework for the phylum Ctenophora using 18S rRNA genes. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 21: 218-230. 
*Purcell, J.E. 1991. A review of cnidarians and ctenophores feeding on competitors in the plankton. Hydrobiologia 216/217:335-342. 
*Purcell, J.E. 1992. Effects of predation by the scyphomedusan Chrysaora quinequecirrha on zooplankton populations in Chesapeake Bay, USA. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 87:65-76. 
*Purcell, J.E. 1995. Gelatinous Zooplankton. Pp. 125-133 In: Living Resources of the Delaware Estuary. L.E. Dove and R. M. Nyman (eds.). The Delaware Estuary Program. 
*Purcell, J.E. 1997. Pelagic cnidarians and ctenophores as predators: Selective predation, feeding rates and effects on prey populations. Ann. Inst. Oceanogr., Paris 73:125-137. 
*Purcell, J.E. 2003. Predation on zooplankton by large jellyfish (Aurelia labiata, Cyanea capillata, Aequorea aequorea) in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 246:137-152. 
*Purcell, J.E. 2005. Climate effects on formation of jellyfish and ctenophore blooms. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 85:461-476. 
*Purcell, J.E. 2005. Jellyfish may benefit from global changes. JMBA Global Mar. Environ. 2: 30-31. 
*Purcell, J.E., &amp;amp; M.N. Arai. 2001. Interactions of pelagic cnidarians and ctenophores with fishes: A review. Hydrobiologia 451 (Dev. Hydrobiol. 155): 27-44. 
*Purcell, J.E. and J.H. Cowan, Jr. 1995. Predation by the scyphomedusan Chrysaora quinquecirrha on Mnemiopsis leidyi ctenophores. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 128:63-70. 
*Purcell, J.E. &amp;amp; M.B. Decker. 2005. Effects of climate on relative predation by scyphomedusae and ctenophores on copepods in Chesapeake Bay during 1987-2000. Limnol. Oceanogr. 50: 376-387. http://aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_50/issue_1/0376.pdf 
*Purcell, J.E., &amp;amp; M.V. Sturdevant. 2001. Prey selection and dietary overlap among zooplanktivorous jellyfish and juvenile fishes in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 210: 67-83. 
*Purcell, J.E., E.D. Brown, K.D.E. Stokesbury, L.H. Haldorson, and T.C. Shirley. 2000. Aggregations of the jellyfish Aurelia labiata: Abundance, distribution, association with age-0 walleye pollock, and behaviors promoting aggregation in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 195:145-158. 
*Purcell, J.E., D.L. Breitburg, M.B. Decker, W.M. Graham, M.J. Youngbluth, &amp;amp; K.A.Raskoff. 2001. Pelagic cnidarians and ctenophores in low dissolved oxygen environments. Pp. 77-100 in Coastal hypoxia: consequences for living resources and ecosystems (Vol. 58, N.N. Rabalais &amp;amp; R.E. Turner eds.). American Geophysical Union, Washington D. C. 
*Purcell, J.E., F.P. Cresswell, D.G. Cargo, &amp;amp; V.S. Kennedy. 1991. Differential ingestion and digestion of bivalve larvae by the scyphozoan Chrysaora quinquecirrha and by the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. Biol. Bull. 180:103-111. 
*Purcell, J.E., A. Malej and A. Benovic. 1999. Potential links of jellyfish to eutrophication and fisheries. In: Ecosystems at the land-sea margin: drainage basin to coastal sea, T.C. Malone, A. Malej, L.W. Harding, Jr., N. Smodlaka and R.E.Turner (eds.), Coastal and Estuarine Studies 55:241-263. 
*Purcell, J.E., D.A. Nemazie, S.E. Dorsey, E.D. Houde, &amp;amp; J.C. Gamble. 1994. Predation mortality of bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) eggs and larvae due to scyphomedusae and ctenophores in Chesapeake Bay. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 114:47-58. 
*Purcell, J.E., M.V. Sturdevant, &amp;amp; C.P. Galt. 2005. A review of appendicularians as prey of fish and invertebrate predators. In Gorsky, G., M.J. Youngbluth and D. Deibel (Eds.), Response of marine ecosystems to global change: Ecological impact of appendicularians. Contemporary Publishing International, Paris, pp. 359-435. 
*Purcell, J.E., J.R. White, &amp;amp; M.R. Roman. 1994. Predation by gelatinous zooplankton and resource limitation as potential controls of Acartia tonsa copepod populations in Chesapeake Bay. Limnol. Oceanogr. 39:263-278. 
*Purcell, J.E., J.R. White, D.A. Nemazie &amp;amp; D.A. Wright. 1999. Temperature, salinity and food effects on asexual reproduction and abundance of the scyphozoan Chrysaora quinquecirrha. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 180:187-196.

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Q&amp;nbsp; 

*Quoy, J.R.C. &amp;amp; Gaimard, J.P., 1824. Des zoophytes ou animaux rayonnés. In Voyage autour de monde … exécuté sur l'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant 1817-20. Zoologie IV, (ed. M.L. de Freycinet), pp. 559-571. Chez Pillet Ainé, Imprimeur-Libraire: Paris.

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R&amp;nbsp; 

*Ramasamy, S., G.K. Isbister, J. E. Seymour &amp;amp; W. C. Hodgson. 2003 The in vitro effects of two chirodropid (Chironex fleckeri and Chiropsalmus sp.) venoms: efficacy of box jellyfish antivenom. Toxicon. 41:703-711. 
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*Raskoff, K.A., R.R. Hopcroft, &amp;amp; J.E. Purcell. 2004. Pelagic cnidarians and ctenophores of the Arctic Ocean: in situ ROV observations under the ice. Polar Biol. 28:207-217. 
*Raskoff, K.A., F.A. Sommer, W.M. Hamner, &amp;amp; K. Cross. 2003. Collection and culture techniques for gelatinous zooplankton. Biol. Bull. 204:68-80.  
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*Rojas, A. &amp;amp; R.F. Doolittle. 2002. The occurrence of type S1A Serine proteases in sponge and jellyfish. J. Mol. Evol. 55:790-794. 
*Rouse, G., &amp;amp; K.A. Pitt. 2000. Ultrastructure of the sperm of Catostylus mosaicus and Phyllorhiza punctata (Scyphozoa, Cnidaria): implications for sperm terminology and the inference of reproductive mechanisms. Invertebrate Reproduction &amp;amp; Development 8:23Ð34. 
*Rudloe, J. 1997. Harvesting and processing of cannonball jellyfish: Instruction and Training Manual. Prepared by P.G. Johnson &amp;amp; Associates Inc. Crawfordville, Florida 32327. 
*Ruiz, G.M., T.K. Rawlings, F.C. Dobbs, L.A. Drake, T. Mullady, A. Huq, &amp;amp; R.R. Colwell. 2000. Global spread of microorganisms by ships. Nature 408:49. 
*Russell, F.S. 1959. A viviparous deep-sea jellyfish. Nature 4698:1527Ð1528. 
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*Russell, F.S., W.J. Rees. 1960. The viviparous scyphomedusa Stygiomedusa fabulosa Russell. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 39:303Ð317.

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*Sax, D.F. 2001. Latitudinal gradients and geographic ranges of exotic species: implications for biogeography. J. Biogeogr. 28:139-150. 
*Schroth, W., G. Jarms, B. Streit, &amp;amp; B. Schierwater. 2002. Speciation and phylogeography in the cosmopolitan marine moon jelly, Aurelia sp. BioMed Central Evol Biol 2:1-10. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/2/1 
*Seutin, G., B.N. White, &amp;amp; P.T. Boag. 1991. Preservation of avian blood and tissue samples for DNA analyses. Can. J. Zool. 69:82 - 90. 
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*Shorten, M., J. Davenport, J.E. Seymour, M.C. Cross, T.J. Carrette, G. Woodward, &amp;amp; T. F. Cross. 2005. Kinematic analysis of swimming in Australian box jellyfish - Chiropsalmus sp. and Chironex fleckeri (Cubozoa, Cnidaria, Chirodropidae). J. Zoology 267:371-380. 
*Silveira, F.L. da &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 1996. Stephanoscyphistoma corniformis (Komai, 1936) (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Coronatae) from the north coast of S‹o Paulo, Brazil. Semina, Cincias Biol—gicas/Saœde 17(2):137-145. 
*Silveira, F.L. da &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 1997. Nausithoe aurea n. sp. (Scyphozoa, Coronatae. 
*Silveira, F.L. da &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 1998. Asexual reproduction in Linuche unguiculata (Swartz, 1788) (Scyphozoa: Coronatae) by planuloid formation through strobilation and segmentation. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 111(4):781-794.Nausithoidae), a species with two pathways of reproduction after strobilation: sexual and asexual. Contributions to Zoology 66(4):235-246. 
*Silveira, F.L. da &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 1998. New observations on dormancy mechanisms in Linuche unguiculata (Swartz, 1788) (Scyphozoa: Coronatae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Nova SŽrie, Zoologia 393:1-7. 
*Silveira, F.L. da, G. Jarms &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 2003. Experiments in nature and laboratory observations with Nausithoe aurea (Scyphozoa: Coronatae) suggest the concept of perennation by tissue saving and confirm dormancy. Biota Neotropica 2(2):25p. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v2n2/pt/download?article+BN02202022002+item 
*Smith, D.C., &amp;amp; A.E. Douglas. 1987. The biology of symbiosis. Edward Arnold, London. 
*Sštje, I. &amp;amp; Jarms, G. 1999. Description of Thecoscyphus zibrowii WERNER, 1984 (Scyphozoa, Coronatae) with remarks on the life cycle. Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst. 96: 5-13. 
*Southcott, R.V. 1967. Revision of some Carybdeidae (Scyphozoa: Cubomedusae), including a description of the jellyfish responsible for the &quot;Irukandji syndrome&quot;. Aust. J. Zool. 15:651-671. 
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*Stiasny, G. , &amp;amp; H. van der Maaden. 1943. Über scyphomedusen aus dem Ochotskishen und Kamtschatka Meer nebst einer kritik der Genera Cyanea und Desmonema. Zool. Jb. Abt. Syst. 76:227-266.  
*Swartz, O. 1788. Medusa unguiculata och Actinia pusilla. 

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*Taylor, D., P. Pereira, J. Seymour &amp;amp; K.Winkel. 2002 A sting from an unknown jellyfish species associated with persistent symptoms and raised troponin I levels. Emerg. Med. 14:175-80 
*Thiel, M.E. 1966. Beitrag zur kenntnis westafrikanischer hydro- und scyphomedusen. Mitt. Hamburg. Mus. Inst. 63:3-27. 
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*Towanda, T., &amp;amp; E.V. Thuesen. 2006. Ectosymbiotic behavior of Cancer gracilis and its trophic relationships with its host Phacellophora camtschatica and the parasitoid Hyperia medusarum. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 315:221-236. 
*Tronolone, V.B., A.C. Morandini &amp;amp; A.E. Migotto. 2002. On the occurrence of scyphozoan ephyrae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Semaeostomeae and Rhizostomeae) in the southeastern Brazilian coast. Biota Neotropica 2(2):18p. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v2n2/pt/fullpaper?bn02102022002+en 
*Tubb, J.A. 1946. On the occurrence of Alepas pacifica Pilsbry in Tasmania. Records Aust. Mus. 11:383-385.&lt;br&gt;

== U - Z  ==

U 

*Uchida, T. 1929. Studies on the Stauromedusae and Cubomedusae, with special reference to their metamorphosis. Jap. J. Zool. 2:103-193. 
*Uchida, T. 1926. The anatomy and development of a rhizostome medusa, Mastigias papua L. Agassiz, with observations on the phylogeny of Rhizostomae. J. Fac. Sci. Tokyo Univ. sect. IV: Zool. 1:45-95. 
*Uchida, T. 1947. Some medusae from the central Pacific. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. ser. 6: Zool. 9:297-319.  
*Uchida, T. 1954. Distribution of scyphomedusae in Japanese and its adjacent waters. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. ser. 6: Zool. 12:209-219. 
*Uchida, T. 1965. Scyphozoa. Pp. 230-239 in New illustrated encyclopedia of the fauna of Japan ( K. Okada, S. Uchida, &amp;amp; T. Uchida, eds.). Hokuryukan, Tokyo. (In Japanese.)&lt;br&gt;

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*Vanhöffen, E. 1888. Untersuchungen uber semaostome und rhizostome medusen. Bibliotheca Zoologica. 

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*Walker, W.F. &amp;amp; W.F. Doolittle. 1983. 5S rRNA sequences from four marine invertebrates and implications for base pairing models of metazoan sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:5159-5164. 
*Werner, B. 1975. Bau und Lebensgeschichte des Polypen von Tripedalia cystophora (Cubozoa, class. nov., Carybdeidae) und seine Bedeutung für die Evolution der Cnidaria. Helgolaender Wiss. Meeresunters. 27:461-504. 
*Wilkinson, D.M. 2001. At cross purposes. Nature 412: 485. 
*Wright, D.A. and J.E. Purcell. 1997. Effect of salinity on ionic shifts in mesohaline scyphomedusae, Chrysaora quinquecirrha. Biol. Bull.192:332-339.

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Z &lt;br&gt; 

*Zak, B. 1971. Anomalies in body structure of jelly-fish Aurelia aurita L. in Southern Baltic. Przegl. Zool. 15:57-65. &lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="44244">This bibliography contains all publications cited in the pages of ''The Scyphozoa'' and other important references describing the biology and systematics of jellyfishes. Copyright permitting, we have linked the citations to archived PDFs. If you think a publication should be here, but is not, please mndawson@ucdavis.edu, including a PDF if possible. We will add it to the bibliography. Thank you!&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

== A - E &lt;br&gt;  ==

A 

*Arai, M.N. 1997. A functional biology of Scyphozoa. Chapman &amp;amp; Hall, London. 
*Arneson, A.C. &amp;amp; C. E. Cutress. 1976. Life history of Carybdea alata Reynaud, 1831 (Cubomedusae). Pp. 227-236 in Coelenterate Ecology and Behavior (G. O. Mackie ed.). Plenum Press, New York. 
*Ates, R.M.L. 1989. Medusivorous Fishes, A Review. Zoologische Mededelingen 62:29-42. 
*Ates, R.M.L. 1991. Predation on Cnidaria by vertebrates other than fishes. Hydrobiologia 216/217:305-307.
*Bayha, K.M., &amp;amp; M.N Dawson. 2010. A new family of allomorphic jellyfishes, Drymonematidae (Scyphozoa, Discomedusae), emphasizes evolution in the functional morphology and trophic ecology of gelatinous zooplankton. Biological Bulletin 219:249-267.

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B 

*Bailey, P.M., AJ. Bakker, J.E. Seymour, &amp;amp; J. A. Wilce. 2005. A functional comparison of the venom of three Australian jellyfish- Chironex fleckeri, Chiropsalmus sp., and Carybdea xaymacana Ð on cytosolic Ca haemolysis and Artemia sp. lethality. Toxicon. 45:233-242. 
*Bax, N., J. Carlton, A. Mathews-Amos, R. Haedrich, F.G. Howarth, J.E. Purcell, A. Reiser, &amp;amp; A. Gray. 2001. The control of biological invasions in the world's oceans. Conservation Biology 15:1234. 
*Behrends, G, &amp;amp; G. Schneider. 1995. Impact of Aurelia aurita medusae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) on standing stock and community composition of mesoplankton in the Kiel Bight (western Baltic Sea). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 127:49-45. 
*Blanquet, R.S., &amp;amp; M.A. Phelan. 1987. An unusual blue mesogleal protein from the mangrove jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana. Mar. Biol. 94:423Ð430. 
*Blumer, M.J.F., L. von Salvini-Plawen, R. Kikinger, &amp;amp; T. Buchinger. 1995. Ocelli in a Cnidaria polyp: The ultrastructure of the pigment spots in Stylocoronella riedli (Scyphozoa, Stauromedusae). Zoomorphology 115:221-227. 
*Bolton, T.F., &amp;amp; W.M. Graham. 2004.Morphological variation among populations of an invasive jellyfish. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 278:125-139. 
*Breitburg, D.L. A. Adamack, K.A. Rose, S.E. Kolesar, M.B. Decker, J.E. Purcell, J.E. Keister &amp;amp; J.H. Cowan, Jr. 2003. The pattern and influence of low dissolved oxygen in the Patuxent River, a seasonally hypoxic estuary. Estuaries 26:280-297. 
*Brewer, R. H. 1989. The Annual Pattern of Feeding, Growth, and Sexual Reproduction in Cyanea (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in the Niantic River Estuary, Conneticut. Biological Bulletin 176:272-281. 
*Bridge, D., C.W. Cunningham, B. Schierwater, R. DeSalle, &amp;amp; L.W. Buss. 1992. Class-level relationships in the Phylum Cnidaria: evidence from mitochondrial genome structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 89:8750-8753. 
*Bridge, D., C.W. Cunningham, R. DeSalle, &amp;amp; L.W. Buss. 1995. Class-level relationships in the Phylum Cnidaria: molecular and morphological evidence. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12:679-689. 
*Brierley, A.S., B.E. Axelsen, D.C. Boyer, C.P. Lynam, C.A. Didcock, H.J. Boyer, C.A.J. Sparks, J.E. Purcell, &amp;amp; M.J. Gibbons. 2004. Single-target echo detections of jellyfish. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 61:383-393. 
*Brown, C.W., R. R. Hood, Z. Li, M. B. Decker, T. Gross, J. E. Purcell &amp;amp; H. Wang. 2002. Forecasting system predicts presence of sea nettles in Chesapeake Bay. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 83:321, 325-326. 
*Bumann, D. &amp;amp; Jarms G. 1997 Localisation of digestion activities in the polyps of Nausithoe planulophora (Werner, 1971) and Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner, 1984 ( Coronatae, Scyphozoa, Cnidaria). HelgolŠnder Meeresuntersuchungen 51: 477-485. 
*Burnett, J.W., J.E. Purcell, D.B. Learn, &amp;amp; T. Myer. 1999. A protocol to evaluate the blockade of jellyfish nematocysts by topical agents. Contact Dermatitis 40:55-56.

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C 

*Carlton, J.T. 1996. Biological invasions and cryptogenic species. Ecology 77:1653-1655. 
*Carrette, T., P. Alderlsade &amp;amp; J. Seymour. 2002 Cnidome composition and prey preference in two species of cubozoans, Chironex fleckeri and Chiropsalmus sp. Toxicon 40:1547-1551. 
*Chapman, D.M. 1999. Microanatomy of the bell rim of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Can. J. Zool. 77:34-46. 
*Collins, A.G. 2002. Phylogeny of Medusozoa and the evolution of cnidarian life cycles. J. Evol. Biol. 15:418-432. 
*Condon, R.H., M. B. Decker, &amp;amp; J.E. Purcell. 2001. Effects of low dissolved oxygen on survival and asexual reproduction of scyphozoan polyps (Chrysaora quinquecirrha). Hydrobiologia 451 (Dev. Hydrobiol. 155): 89-95. 
*Cornelius, P.F.S. 1997. Class Scyphozoa - jellyfish. Pp.418-432 in A guide to the seashores of eastern Africa and the western Indian Ocean islands (ed. M.D. Richmond). SIDA/Department for Research Cooperation SAREC, Sweden. 
*Coughlan, J.P., J. Seymour, &amp;amp; T.F. Cross. 2006. Isolation and characterisation of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci in the cubomedusan box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri, Cubozoa, Cnidaria). Mol. Ecol. Notes 6:41-43.

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D 

*Dawson, M.N. 2003. Macro-morphological variation among cryptic species of the moon jellyfish, Aurelia (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Mar. Biol. 143:369-379. Erratum: Mar. Biol. 144:203.  
*Dawson, M.N. 2004. Some implications of molecular phylogenetics for understanding biodiversity in jellyfishes, with an emphasis on Scyphozoa. Hydrobiologia, 530/531:249Ð260. 
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*Nemazie, D.A., J.E. Purcell, &amp;amp; P.M. Glibert. 1993. Ammonium excretion by gelatinous zooplankton and their contribution to the ammonium requirements of microplankton in Chesapeake Bay. Mar. Biol. 116:451-458. 
*Neppi, V. 1915. Vorlaufige Mitteilun uber die wahrend der Terminfahrten auf S. M. Schiff &quot;Najade&quot; gesammeten Adriatischen Medusen. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien 52:2-5.

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O 

*Oguz, T., H.W. Ducklow, J.E. Purcell, &amp;amp; P. Malanotte-Rizzoli. 2001. Modeling the response of top-down control exerted by gelatinous carnivores in the Black Sea pelagic food web. J. Geophys. Res. 106:4543-4564. 
*Olesen, N.J., J.E. Purcell, &amp;amp; D.K. Stoecker. 1996. Feeding and growth by ephyrae of scyphomedusae Chrysaora quinquecirrha. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 137:149-159. 
*Omori, M. 1981. Edible jellyfish (Scyphomedusae: Rhizostomeae) in the Far East Waters: A brief review of the biology and fishery. Bull. Plankton Soc. Japan 28:1-11. 
*Omori, M, &amp;amp; E. Nakano. 2001. Jellyfish fisheries in southeast Asia. Hydrobiologia 451:19-26. 
*Omori, M. &amp;amp; M. Kitamura. 2004. Taxonomic review of three Japanese species of edible jellyfish (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae). Plankton Biol. Ecol. 51:36-51. 
*Östman, C. 2000. A guideline to nematocyst nomenclature and classification, and some notes on the systematic value of nematocysts. Scientia Marina. 64 (Supp. 1):31-46. 
*Otto, J.J. 1976. Early development and planula movement in Haliclystus (Scyphozoa: Stauromedusae). Pp. 319-329 in Coelenterate Ecology and Behavior (G.O. Mackie ed.). Plenum Press, New York. 
*Otto, J.J. 1978. The settlement of Haliclystus planulae. Pp. 13-22 in Settlement and metamorphosis of marine invertebrate larvae (eds. F.-S. Chia &amp;amp; M. Rice). Elsevier, New York.&lt;br&gt;

== P - T &lt;br&gt;  ==

P 

*Pagès, F., J.-M. Gili, &amp;amp; J. Bouillon. 1992. Planktonic cnidarians of the Benguela Current. Scientia Marina 56 (Supp. 1):1-144. 
*Pagès, F. 2000. Biological associations between barnacles and jellyfish with emphasis on the ectoparasitism of Alepas pacifica (Lepadomorpha) on Diplulmaris malayensis (Scyphozoa). J. Nat Hist. 34:2045-2056. 
*Panikkar, N.K., &amp;amp; R.G. Aiyar. 1939. Observations on breeding in brackish-water animals of Madras - Acromitus flagellatus. Proc. Indian. Acad. Sci. 9(B): 347-349.  
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*Pitt, K.A., &amp;amp; M.J. Kingsford. 2000. Geographic separation of stocks of the edible jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus (Rhizostomeae) in New South Wales, Australia. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 136:143-155. 
*Pitt, K.A., &amp;amp; M.J. Kingsford. 2000. Reproductive biology of the edible jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus (Rhizostomeae). Marine Biology 137:791Ð799. 
*Pitt, K.A., &amp;amp; M.J. Kingsford. 2003. Temporal and spatial variation in recruitment and growth of medusae of the scyphozoan jellyfish, Catostylus mosaicus, (C. Scyphozoa, O. Rhizostomeae). Marine and Freshwater Research 54:117Ð125. 
*Pitt, K.A., &amp;amp; M.J. Kingsford. 2003. Temporal variation in the virgin biomass of the edible jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae). Fisheries Research 63:303Ð313. 
*Podar, M., S.H. Haddock, M.L. Sogin, &amp;amp; G.R. Harbison. 2001. A molecular phylogenetic framework for the phylum Ctenophora using 18S rRNA genes. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 21: 218-230. 
*Purcell, J.E. 1991. A review of cnidarians and ctenophores feeding on competitors in the plankton. Hydrobiologia 216/217:335-342. 
*Purcell, J.E. 1992. Effects of predation by the scyphomedusan Chrysaora quinequecirrha on zooplankton populations in Chesapeake Bay, USA. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 87:65-76. 
*Purcell, J.E. 1995. Gelatinous Zooplankton. Pp. 125-133 In: Living Resources of the Delaware Estuary. L.E. Dove and R. M. Nyman (eds.). The Delaware Estuary Program. 
*Purcell, J.E. 1997. Pelagic cnidarians and ctenophores as predators: Selective predation, feeding rates and effects on prey populations. Ann. Inst. Oceanogr., Paris 73:125-137. 
*Purcell, J.E. 2003. Predation on zooplankton by large jellyfish (Aurelia labiata, Cyanea capillata, Aequorea aequorea) in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 246:137-152. 
*Purcell, J.E. 2005. Climate effects on formation of jellyfish and ctenophore blooms. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 85:461-476. 
*Purcell, J.E. 2005. Jellyfish may benefit from global changes. JMBA Global Mar. Environ. 2: 30-31. 
*Purcell, J.E., &amp;amp; M.N. Arai. 2001. Interactions of pelagic cnidarians and ctenophores with fishes: A review. Hydrobiologia 451 (Dev. Hydrobiol. 155): 27-44. 
*Purcell, J.E. and J.H. Cowan, Jr. 1995. Predation by the scyphomedusan Chrysaora quinquecirrha on Mnemiopsis leidyi ctenophores. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 128:63-70. 
*Purcell, J.E. &amp;amp; M.B. Decker. 2005. Effects of climate on relative predation by scyphomedusae and ctenophores on copepods in Chesapeake Bay during 1987-2000. Limnol. Oceanogr. 50: 376-387. http://aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_50/issue_1/0376.pdf 
*Purcell, J.E., &amp;amp; M.V. Sturdevant. 2001. Prey selection and dietary overlap among zooplanktivorous jellyfish and juvenile fishes in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 210: 67-83. 
*Purcell, J.E., E.D. Brown, K.D.E. Stokesbury, L.H. Haldorson, and T.C. Shirley. 2000. Aggregations of the jellyfish Aurelia labiata: Abundance, distribution, association with age-0 walleye pollock, and behaviors promoting aggregation in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 195:145-158. 
*Purcell, J.E., D.L. Breitburg, M.B. Decker, W.M. Graham, M.J. Youngbluth, &amp;amp; K.A.Raskoff. 2001. Pelagic cnidarians and ctenophores in low dissolved oxygen environments. Pp. 77-100 in Coastal hypoxia: consequences for living resources and ecosystems (Vol. 58, N.N. Rabalais &amp;amp; R.E. Turner eds.). American Geophysical Union, Washington D. C. 
*Purcell, J.E., F.P. Cresswell, D.G. Cargo, &amp;amp; V.S. Kennedy. 1991. Differential ingestion and digestion of bivalve larvae by the scyphozoan Chrysaora quinquecirrha and by the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. Biol. Bull. 180:103-111. 
*Purcell, J.E., A. Malej and A. Benovic. 1999. Potential links of jellyfish to eutrophication and fisheries. In: Ecosystems at the land-sea margin: drainage basin to coastal sea, T.C. Malone, A. Malej, L.W. Harding, Jr., N. Smodlaka and R.E.Turner (eds.), Coastal and Estuarine Studies 55:241-263. 
*Purcell, J.E., D.A. Nemazie, S.E. Dorsey, E.D. Houde, &amp;amp; J.C. Gamble. 1994. Predation mortality of bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) eggs and larvae due to scyphomedusae and ctenophores in Chesapeake Bay. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 114:47-58. 
*Purcell, J.E., M.V. Sturdevant, &amp;amp; C.P. Galt. 2005. A review of appendicularians as prey of fish and invertebrate predators. In Gorsky, G., M.J. Youngbluth and D. Deibel (Eds.), Response of marine ecosystems to global change: Ecological impact of appendicularians. Contemporary Publishing International, Paris, pp. 359-435. 
*Purcell, J.E., J.R. White, &amp;amp; M.R. Roman. 1994. Predation by gelatinous zooplankton and resource limitation as potential controls of Acartia tonsa copepod populations in Chesapeake Bay. Limnol. Oceanogr. 39:263-278. 
*Purcell, J.E., J.R. White, D.A. Nemazie &amp;amp; D.A. Wright. 1999. Temperature, salinity and food effects on asexual reproduction and abundance of the scyphozoan Chrysaora quinquecirrha. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 180:187-196.

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Q&amp;nbsp; 

*Quoy, J.R.C. &amp;amp; Gaimard, J.P., 1824. Des zoophytes ou animaux rayonnés. In Voyage autour de monde … exécuté sur l'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant 1817-20. Zoologie IV, (ed. M.L. de Freycinet), pp. 559-571. Chez Pillet Ainé, Imprimeur-Libraire: Paris.

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R&amp;nbsp; 

*Ramasamy, S., G.K. Isbister, J. E. Seymour &amp;amp; W. C. Hodgson. 2003 The in vitro effects of two chirodropid (Chironex fleckeri and Chiropsalmus sp.) venoms: efficacy of box jellyfish antivenom. Toxicon. 41:703-711. 
*Raskoff, K.A. 2001. The impact of El Niño events on populations of mesopelagic hydromedusae. Hydrobiologia 451:121-129.  
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*Raskoff, K.A., R.R. Hopcroft, &amp;amp; J.E. Purcell. 2004. Pelagic cnidarians and ctenophores of the Arctic Ocean: in situ ROV observations under the ice. Polar Biol. 28:207-217. 
*Raskoff, K.A., F.A. Sommer, W.M. Hamner, &amp;amp; K. Cross. 2003. Collection and culture techniques for gelatinous zooplankton. Biol. Bull. 204:68-80.  
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*Rouse, G., &amp;amp; K.A. Pitt. 2000. Ultrastructure of the sperm of Catostylus mosaicus and Phyllorhiza punctata (Scyphozoa, Cnidaria): implications for sperm terminology and the inference of reproductive mechanisms. Invertebrate Reproduction &amp;amp; Development 8:23Ð34. 
*Rudloe, J. 1997. Harvesting and processing of cannonball jellyfish: Instruction and Training Manual. Prepared by P.G. Johnson &amp;amp; Associates Inc. Crawfordville, Florida 32327. 
*Ruiz, G.M., T.K. Rawlings, F.C. Dobbs, L.A. Drake, T. Mullady, A. Huq, &amp;amp; R.R. Colwell. 2000. Global spread of microorganisms by ships. Nature 408:49. 
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*Russell, F.S., W.J. Rees. 1960. The viviparous scyphomedusa Stygiomedusa fabulosa Russell. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 39:303Ð317.

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S&amp;nbsp; 

*Sax, D.F. 2001. Latitudinal gradients and geographic ranges of exotic species: implications for biogeography. J. Biogeogr. 28:139-150. 
*Schroth, W., G. Jarms, B. Streit, &amp;amp; B. Schierwater. 2002. Speciation and phylogeography in the cosmopolitan marine moon jelly, Aurelia sp. BioMed Central Evol Biol 2:1-10. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/2/1 
*Seutin, G., B.N. White, &amp;amp; P.T. Boag. 1991. Preservation of avian blood and tissue samples for DNA analyses. Can. J. Zool. 69:82 - 90. 
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*Shorten, M., J. Davenport, J.E. Seymour, M.C. Cross, T.J. Carrette, G. Woodward, &amp;amp; T. F. Cross. 2005. Kinematic analysis of swimming in Australian box jellyfish - Chiropsalmus sp. and Chironex fleckeri (Cubozoa, Cnidaria, Chirodropidae). J. Zoology 267:371-380. 
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*Silveira, F.L. da &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 1997. Nausithoe aurea n. sp. (Scyphozoa, Coronatae. 
*Silveira, F.L. da &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 1998. Asexual reproduction in Linuche unguiculata (Swartz, 1788) (Scyphozoa: Coronatae) by planuloid formation through strobilation and segmentation. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 111(4):781-794.Nausithoidae), a species with two pathways of reproduction after strobilation: sexual and asexual. Contributions to Zoology 66(4):235-246. 
*Silveira, F.L. da &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 1998. New observations on dormancy mechanisms in Linuche unguiculata (Swartz, 1788) (Scyphozoa: Coronatae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Nova SŽrie, Zoologia 393:1-7. 
*Silveira, F.L. da, G. Jarms &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 2003. Experiments in nature and laboratory observations with Nausithoe aurea (Scyphozoa: Coronatae) suggest the concept of perennation by tissue saving and confirm dormancy. Biota Neotropica 2(2):25p. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v2n2/pt/download?article+BN02202022002+item 
*Smith, D.C., &amp;amp; A.E. Douglas. 1987. The biology of symbiosis. Edward Arnold, London. 
*Sštje, I. &amp;amp; Jarms, G. 1999. Description of Thecoscyphus zibrowii WERNER, 1984 (Scyphozoa, Coronatae) with remarks on the life cycle. Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst. 96: 5-13. 
*Southcott, R.V. 1967. Revision of some Carybdeidae (Scyphozoa: Cubomedusae), including a description of the jellyfish responsible for the &quot;Irukandji syndrome&quot;. Aust. J. Zool. 15:651-671. 
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*Stiasny, G. , &amp;amp; H. van der Maaden. 1943. Über scyphomedusen aus dem Ochotskishen und Kamtschatka Meer nebst einer kritik der Genera Cyanea und Desmonema. Zool. Jb. Abt. Syst. 76:227-266.  
*Swartz, O. 1788. Medusa unguiculata och Actinia pusilla. 

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*Taylor, D., P. Pereira, J. Seymour &amp;amp; K.Winkel. 2002 A sting from an unknown jellyfish species associated with persistent symptoms and raised troponin I levels. Emerg. Med. 14:175-80 
*Thiel, M.E. 1966. Beitrag zur kenntnis westafrikanischer hydro- und scyphomedusen. Mitt. Hamburg. Mus. Inst. 63:3-27. 
*Thiel, M.E. 1978. Die postephyrale entwicklung des gastrovascularsystems der rhizostomida nebst ergänzungen und berichtigungen zu den Stiasnyschen typen dieser entwicklung, zugleich ein zeugniz für das Haeckelsche biogenetische grundgesetz. Sonderdruck Z. f. Zool. Syst. Evol. 16:267-289. 
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*Towanda, T., &amp;amp; E.V. Thuesen. 2006. Ectosymbiotic behavior of Cancer gracilis and its trophic relationships with its host Phacellophora camtschatica and the parasitoid Hyperia medusarum. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 315:221-236. 
*Tronolone, V.B., A.C. Morandini &amp;amp; A.E. Migotto. 2002. On the occurrence of scyphozoan ephyrae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Semaeostomeae and Rhizostomeae) in the southeastern Brazilian coast. Biota Neotropica 2(2):18p. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v2n2/pt/fullpaper?bn02102022002+en 
*Tubb, J.A. 1946. On the occurrence of Alepas pacifica Pilsbry in Tasmania. Records Aust. Mus. 11:383-385.&lt;br&gt;

== U - Z  ==

U 

*Uchida, T. 1929. Studies on the Stauromedusae and Cubomedusae, with special reference to their metamorphosis. Jap. J. Zool. 2:103-193. 
*Uchida, T. 1926. The anatomy and development of a rhizostome medusa, Mastigias papua L. Agassiz, with observations on the phylogeny of Rhizostomae. J. Fac. Sci. Tokyo Univ. sect. IV: Zool. 1:45-95. 
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*Uchida, T. 1965. Scyphozoa. Pp. 230-239 in New illustrated encyclopedia of the fauna of Japan ( K. Okada, S. Uchida, &amp;amp; T. Uchida, eds.). Hokuryukan, Tokyo. (In Japanese.)&lt;br&gt;

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*Vanhöffen, E. 1888. Untersuchungen uber semaostome und rhizostome medusen. Bibliotheca Zoologica. 

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*Walker, W.F. &amp;amp; W.F. Doolittle. 1983. 5S rRNA sequences from four marine invertebrates and implications for base pairing models of metazoan sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:5159-5164. 
*Werner, B. 1975. Bau und Lebensgeschichte des Polypen von Tripedalia cystophora (Cubozoa, class. nov., Carybdeidae) und seine Bedeutung für die Evolution der Cnidaria. Helgolaender Wiss. Meeresunters. 27:461-504. 
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Y&amp;nbsp; 

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Z &lt;br&gt; 

*Zak, B. 1971. Anomalies in body structure of jelly-fish Aurelia aurita L. in Southern Baltic. Przegl. Zool. 15:57-65. &lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="44700">This bibliography contains all publications cited in the pages of ''The Scyphozoa'' and other important references describing the biology and systematics of jellyfishes. Copyright permitting, we have linked the citations to archived PDFs. If you think a publication should be here, but is not, please mndawson@ucdavis.edu, including a PDF if possible. We will add it to the bibliography. Thank you!&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

== A - E &lt;br&gt;  ==

A 

*Arai, M.N. 1997. A functional biology of Scyphozoa. Chapman &amp;amp; Hall, London. 
*Arneson, A.C. &amp;amp; C. E. Cutress. 1976. Life history of ''Carybdea alata'' Reynaud, 1831 (Cubomedusae). Pp. 227-236 in Coelenterate Ecology and Behavior (G. O. Mackie ed.). Plenum Press, New York. 
*Ates, R.M.L. 1989. Medusivorous Fishes, A Review. Zoologische Mededelingen 62:29-42. 
*Ates, R.M.L. 1991. Predation on Cnidaria by vertebrates other than fishes. Hydrobiologia 216/217:305-307.
*Bayha, K.M., &amp;amp; M.N Dawson. 2010. A new family of allomorphic jellyfishes, Drymonematidae (Scyphozoa, Discomedusae), emphasizes evolution in the functional morphology and trophic ecology of gelatinous zooplankton. Biological Bulletin 219:249-267.

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B 

*Bailey, P.M., AJ. Bakker, J.E. Seymour, &amp;amp; J. A. Wilce. 2005. A functional comparison of the venom of three Australian jellyfish - ''Chironex fleckeri'', ''Chiropsalmus'' sp., and ''Carybdea xaymacana'' - on cytosolic Ca haemolysis and ''Artemia'' sp. lethality. Toxicon. 45:233-242. 
*Bax, N., J. Carlton, A. Mathews-Amos, R. Haedrich, F.G. Howarth, J.E. Purcell, A. Reiser, &amp;amp; A. Gray. 2001. The control of biological invasions in the world's oceans. Conservation Biology 15:1234. 
*Behrends, G, &amp;amp; G. Schneider. 1995. Impact of ''Aurelia aurita'' medusae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) on standing stock and community composition of mesoplankton in the Kiel Bight (western Baltic Sea). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 127:49-45. 
*Blanquet, R.S., &amp;amp; M.A. Phelan. 1987. An unusual blue mesogleal protein from the mangrove jellyfish ''Cassiopea xamachana''. Mar. Biol. 94:423Ð430. 
*Blumer, M.J.F., L. von Salvini-Plawen, R. Kikinger, &amp;amp; T. Buchinger. 1995. Ocelli in a Cnidaria polyp: The ultrastructure of the pigment spots in ''Stylocoronella riedli'' (Scyphozoa, Stauromedusae). Zoomorphology 115:221-227. 
*Bolton, T.F., &amp;amp; W.M. Graham. 2004. Morphological variation among populations of an invasive jellyfish. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 278:125-139. 
*Breitburg, D.L. A. Adamack, K.A. Rose, S.E. Kolesar, M.B. Decker, J.E. Purcell, J.E. Keister &amp;amp; J.H. Cowan, Jr. 2003. The pattern and influence of low dissolved oxygen in the Patuxent River, a seasonally hypoxic estuary. Estuaries 26:280-297. 
*Brewer, R. H. 1989. The Annual pattern of feeding, growth, and sexual reproduction in ''Cyanea'' (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in the Niantic River Estuary, Conneticut. Biological Bulletin 176:272-281. 
*Bridge, D., C.W. Cunningham, B. Schierwater, R. DeSalle, &amp;amp; L.W. Buss. 1992. Class-level relationships in the Phylum Cnidaria: evidence from mitochondrial genome structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 89:8750-8753. 
*Bridge, D., C.W. Cunningham, R. DeSalle, &amp;amp; L.W. Buss. 1995. Class-level relationships in the Phylum Cnidaria: molecular and morphological evidence. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12:679-689. 
*Brierley, A.S., B.E. Axelsen, D.C. Boyer, C.P. Lynam, C.A. Didcock, H.J. Boyer, C.A.J. Sparks, J.E. Purcell, &amp;amp; M.J. Gibbons. 2004. Single-target echo detections of jellyfish. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 61:383-393. 
*Brown, C.W., R. R. Hood, Z. Li, M. B. Decker, T. Gross, J. E. Purcell &amp;amp; H. Wang. 2002. Forecasting system predicts presence of sea nettles in Chesapeake Bay. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 83:321, 325-326. 
*Bumann, D. &amp;amp; Jarms G. 1997 Localisation of digestion activities in the polyps of ''Nausithoe planulophora'' (Werner, 1971) and Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner, 1984 ( Coronatae, Scyphozoa, Cnidaria). HelgolŠnder Meeresuntersuchungen 51: 477-485. 
*Burnett, J.W., J.E. Purcell, D.B. Learn, &amp;amp; T. Myer. 1999. A protocol to evaluate the blockade of jellyfish nematocysts by topical agents. Contact Dermatitis 40:55-56.

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C 

*Carlton, J.T. 1996. Biological invasions and cryptogenic species. Ecology 77:1653-1655. 
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*Morandini, A.C., S.R. Martorelli, A.C. Marques &amp;amp; F.L. da Silveira. 2005. Digenean metacercaria (Digenea, Lepocreadiidae) parasitizing 'coelenterates' (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa and Ctenophora) from the Southeastern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 53(1-2):39-45. http://www.ib.usp.br/~acmorand/2005_Morandini_et_al_Digenea.pdf 
*Morandini, A.C., F.L. da Silveira &amp;amp; P.F.S. Cornelius. 2006. Redescription of ''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz, 1829 (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) from the Brazilian coast, with designation of a neotype. Zootaxa 1135:29-48. http://www.ib.usp.br/~acmorand/2006_Morandini_et_al_Chrysaora.pdf 
*Morandini, A.C., F.L. da Silveira &amp;amp; G. Jarms. 2004. The life cycle of ''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz, 1829 (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) with notes on the scyphistoma stage of three other species. Hydrobiologia 530/531:347-354. http://www.ib.usp.br/~acmorand/2004_Morandini et al.pdf 
*Muscatine, L., &amp;amp; R.E. Marian. 1982. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen flux in symbiotic and nonsymbiotic medusae. Limnol. Oceanogr. 27:910-917. 
*Muscatine, L., F.P. Wilkerson, &amp;amp; L.R. McCloskey. 1986. Regulation of population density of symbiotic algae in a tropical marine jellyfish (''Mastigias'' sp.). Marine Ecology Progress Series 32:279Ð290.

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N 

*Nair, K.K. 1946. Medusae of Travancore and their correlation with inshore fishing . Proc. First Indian Sci. Congress 32:97.  
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*Neppi, V. 1915. Vorlaufige Mitteilun uber die wahrend der Terminfahrten auf S. M. Schiff &quot;Najade&quot; gesammeten Adriatischen Medusen. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien 52:2-5.

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O 

*Oguz, T., H.W. Ducklow, J.E. Purcell, &amp;amp; P. Malanotte-Rizzoli. 2001. Modeling the response of top-down control exerted by gelatinous carnivores in the Black Sea pelagic food web. J. Geophys. Res. 106:4543-4564. 
*Olesen, N.J., J.E. Purcell, &amp;amp; D.K. Stoecker. 1996. Feeding and growth by ephyrae of scyphomedusae ''Chrysaora quinquecirrha''. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 137:149-159. 
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*Otto, J.J. 1978. The settlement of ''Haliclystus'' planulae. Pp. 13-22 in Settlement and metamorphosis of marine invertebrate larvae (eds. F.-S. Chia &amp;amp; M. Rice). Elsevier, New York.&lt;br&gt;

== P - T &lt;br&gt;  ==

P 

*Pagès, F., J.-M. Gili, &amp;amp; J. Bouillon. 1992. Planktonic cnidarians of the Benguela Current. Scientia Marina 56 (Supp. 1):1-144. 
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*Pitt, K.A., &amp;amp; M.J. Kingsford. 2000. Reproductive biology of the edible jellyfish ''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Rhizostomeae). Marine Biology 137:791Ð799. 
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*Purcell, J.E. 1995. Gelatinous Zooplankton. Pp. 125-133 In: Living Resources of the Delaware Estuary. L.E. Dove and R. M. Nyman (eds.). The Delaware Estuary Program. 
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*Purcell, J.E. and J.H. Cowan, Jr. 1995. Predation by the scyphomedusan ''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' on ''Mnemiopsis leidyi'' ctenophores. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 128:63-70. 
*Purcell, J.E. &amp;amp; M.B. Decker. 2005. Effects of climate on relative predation by scyphomedusae and ctenophores on copepods in Chesapeake Bay during 1987-2000. Limnol. Oceanogr. 50: 376-387. http://aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_50/issue_1/0376.pdf 
*Purcell, J.E., &amp;amp; M.V. Sturdevant. 2001. Prey selection and dietary overlap among zooplanktivorous jellyfish and juvenile fishes in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 210: 67-83. 
*Purcell, J.E., E.D. Brown, K.D.E. Stokesbury, L.H. Haldorson, and T.C. Shirley. 2000. Aggregations of the jellyfish ''Aurelia labiata'': Abundance, distribution, association with age-0 walleye pollock, and behaviors promoting aggregation in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 195:145-158. 
*Purcell, J.E., D.L. Breitburg, M.B. Decker, W.M. Graham, M.J. Youngbluth, &amp;amp; K.A.Raskoff. 2001. Pelagic cnidarians and ctenophores in low dissolved oxygen environments. Pp. 77-100 in Coastal hypoxia: consequences for living resources and ecosystems (Vol. 58, N.N. Rabalais &amp;amp; R.E. Turner eds.). American Geophysical Union, Washington D. C. 
*Purcell, J.E., F.P. Cresswell, D.G. Cargo, &amp;amp; V.S. Kennedy. 1991. Differential ingestion and digestion of bivalve larvae by the scyphozoan ''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' and by the ctenophore ''Mnemiopsis leidyi''. Biol. Bull. 180:103-111. 
*Purcell, J.E., A. Malej and A. Benovic. 1999. Potential links of jellyfish to eutrophication and fisheries. In: Ecosystems at the land-sea margin: drainage basin to coastal sea, T.C. Malone, A. Malej, L.W. Harding, Jr., N. Smodlaka and R.E.Turner (eds.), Coastal and Estuarine Studies 55:241-263. 
*Purcell, J.E., D.A. Nemazie, S.E. Dorsey, E.D. Houde, &amp;amp; J.C. Gamble. 1994. Predation mortality of bay anchovy (''Anchoa mitchilli'') eggs and larvae due to scyphomedusae and ctenophores in Chesapeake Bay. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 114:47-58. 
*Purcell, J.E., M.V. Sturdevant, &amp;amp; C.P. Galt. 2005. A review of appendicularians as prey of fish and invertebrate predators. In Gorsky, G., M.J. Youngbluth and D. Deibel (Eds.), Response of marine ecosystems to global change: Ecological impact of appendicularians. Contemporary Publishing International, Paris, pp. 359-435. 
*Purcell, J.E., J.R. White, &amp;amp; M.R. Roman. 1994. Predation by gelatinous zooplankton and resource limitation as potential controls of ''Acartia tonsa'' copepod populations in Chesapeake Bay. Limnol. Oceanogr. 39:263-278. 
*Purcell, J.E., J.R. White, D.A. Nemazie &amp;amp; D.A. Wright. 1999. Temperature, salinity and food effects on asexual reproduction and abundance of the scyphozoan ''Chrysaora quinquecirrha''. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 180:187-196.

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Q&amp;nbsp; 

*Quoy, J.R.C. &amp;amp; Gaimard, J.P., 1824. Des zoophytes ou animaux rayonnés. In Voyage autour de monde … exécuté sur l'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant 1817-20. Zoologie IV, (ed. M.L. de Freycinet), pp. 559-571. Chez Pillet Ainé, Imprimeur-Libraire: Paris.

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R&amp;nbsp; 

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*Rudloe, J. 1997. Harvesting and processing of cannonball jellyfish: Instruction and Training Manual. Prepared by P.G. Johnson &amp;amp; Associates Inc. Crawfordville, Florida 32327. 
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*Russell, F.S., W.J. Rees. 1960. The viviparous scyphomedusa ''Stygiomedusa fabulosa'' Russell. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 39:303Ð317.

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S&amp;nbsp; 

*Sax, D.F. 2001. Latitudinal gradients and geographic ranges of exotic species: implications for biogeography. J. Biogeogr. 28:139-150. 
*Schroth, W., G. Jarms, B. Streit, &amp;amp; B. Schierwater. 2002. Speciation and phylogeography in the cosmopolitan marine moon jelly, ''Aurelia'' sp. BioMed Central Evol Biol 2:1-10. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/2/1 
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*Shorten, M., J. Davenport, J.E. Seymour, M.C. Cross, T.J. Carrette, G. Woodward, &amp;amp; T. F. Cross. 2005. Kinematic analysis of swimming in Australian box jellyfish - ''Chiropsalmus'' sp. and ''Chironex fleckeri'' (Cubozoa, Cnidaria, Chirodropidae). J. Zoology 267:371-380. 
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*Silveira, F.L. da &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 1998. Asexual reproduction in ''Linuche unguiculata'' (Swartz, 1788) (Scyphozoa: Coronatae) by planuloid formation through strobilation and segmentation. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 111(4):781-794.Nausithoidae), a species with two pathways of reproduction after strobilation: sexual and asexual. Contributions to Zoology 66(4):235-246. 
*Silveira, F.L. da &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 1998. New observations on dormancy mechanisms in ''Linuche unguiculata'' (Swartz, 1788) (Scyphozoa: Coronatae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Nova SŽrie, Zoologia 393:1-7. 
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*Swartz, O. 1788. ''Medusa unguiculata'' och ''Actinia pusilla''. 

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*Taylor, D., P. Pereira, J. Seymour &amp;amp; K.Winkel. 2002 A sting from an unknown jellyfish species associated with persistent symptoms and raised troponin I levels. Emerg. Med. 14:175-80 
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*Tronolone, V.B., A.C. Morandini &amp;amp; A.E. Migotto. 2002. On the occurrence of scyphozoan ephyrae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Semaeostomeae and Rhizostomeae) in the southeastern Brazilian coast. Biota Neotropica 2(2):18p. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v2n2/pt/fullpaper?bn02102022002+en 
*Tubb, J.A. 1946. On the occurrence of ''Alepas pacifica'' Pilsbry in Tasmania. Records Aust. Mus. 11:383-385.&lt;br&gt;

== U - Z  ==

U 

*Uchida, T. 1929. Studies on the Stauromedusae and Cubomedusae, with special reference to their metamorphosis. Jap. J. Zool. 2:103-193. 
*Uchida, T. 1926. The anatomy and development of a rhizostome medusa, ''Mastigias papua'' L. Agassiz, with observations on the phylogeny of Rhizostomae. J. Fac. Sci. Tokyo Univ. sect. IV: Zool. 1:45-95. 
*Uchida, T. 1947. Some medusae from the central Pacific. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. ser. 6: Zool. 9:297-319.  
*Uchida, T. 1954. Distribution of scyphomedusae in Japanese and its adjacent waters. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. ser. 6: Zool. 12:209-219. 
*Uchida, T. 1965. Scyphozoa. Pp. 230-239 in New illustrated encyclopedia of the fauna of Japan ( K. Okada, S. Uchida, &amp;amp; T. Uchida, eds.). Hokuryukan, Tokyo. (In Japanese.)&lt;br&gt;

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V&amp;nbsp; 

*Vanhöffen, E. 1888. Untersuchungen uber semaostome und rhizostome medusen. Bibliotheca Zoologica. 

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W&amp;nbsp; 

*Walker, W.F. &amp;amp; W.F. Doolittle. 1983. 5S rRNA sequences from four marine invertebrates and implications for base pairing models of metazoan sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:5159-5164. 
*Werner, B. 1975. Bau und Lebensgeschichte des Polypen von Tripedalia cystophora (Cubozoa, class. nov., Carybdeidae) und seine Bedeutung für die Evolution der Cnidaria. Helgolaender Wiss. Meeresunters. 27:461-504. 
*Wilkinson, D.M. 2001. At cross purposes. Nature 412: 485. 
*Wright, D.A. and J.E. Purcell. 1997. Effect of salinity on ionic shifts in mesohaline scyphomedusae, ''Chrysaora quinquecirrha''. Biol. Bull.192:332-339.

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Y&amp;nbsp; 

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Z &lt;br&gt; 

*Zak, B. 1971. Anomalies in body structure of jelly-fish ''Aurelia aurita'' L. in Southern Baltic. Przegl. Zool. 15:57-65. &lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="44718">This bibliography contains all publications cited in the pages of ''The Scyphozoa'' and other important references describing the biology and systematics of jellyfishes. Copyright permitting, we have linked the citations to archived PDFs. If you think a publication should be here, but is not, please mndawson@ucdavis.edu, including a PDF if possible. We will add it to the bibliography. Thank you!&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

== A - E &lt;br&gt;  ==

A 

*Arai, M.N. 1997. A functional biology of Scyphozoa. Chapman &amp;amp; Hall, London. 
*Arneson, A.C. &amp;amp; C. E. Cutress. 1976. Life history of ''Carybdea alata'' Reynaud, 1831 (Cubomedusae). Pp. 227-236 in Coelenterate Ecology and Behavior (G. O. Mackie ed.). Plenum Press, New York. 
*Ates, R.M.L. 1989. Medusivorous Fishes, A Review. Zoologische Mededelingen 62:29-42. 
*Ates, R.M.L. 1991. Predation on Cnidaria by vertebrates other than fishes. Hydrobiologia 216/217:305-307.
*Bayha, K.M., &amp;amp; M.N Dawson. 2010. A new family of allomorphic jellyfishes, Drymonematidae (Scyphozoa, Discomedusae), emphasizes evolution in the functional morphology and trophic ecology of gelatinous zooplankton. Biological Bulletin 219:249-267.

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B 

*Bailey, P.M., AJ. Bakker, J.E. Seymour, &amp;amp; J. A. Wilce. 2005. A functional comparison of the venom of three Australian jellyfish - ''Chironex fleckeri'', ''Chiropsalmus'' sp., and ''Carybdea xaymacana'' - on cytosolic Ca haemolysis and ''Artemia'' sp. lethality. Toxicon. 45:233-242. 
*Bax, N., J. Carlton, A. Mathews-Amos, R. Haedrich, F.G. Howarth, J.E. Purcell, A. Reiser, &amp;amp; A. Gray. 2001. The control of biological invasions in the world's oceans. Conservation Biology 15:1234. 
*Behrends, G, &amp;amp; G. Schneider. 1995. Impact of ''Aurelia aurita'' medusae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) on standing stock and community composition of mesoplankton in the Kiel Bight (western Baltic Sea). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 127:49-45. 
*Blanquet, R.S., &amp;amp; M.A. Phelan. 1987. An unusual blue mesogleal protein from the mangrove jellyfish ''Cassiopea xamachana''. Mar. Biol. 94:423Ð430. 
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== P - T &lt;br&gt;  ==

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== U - Z  ==

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Z &lt;br&gt; 

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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="44723">This bibliography contains all publications cited in the pages of ''The Scyphozoa'' and other important references describing the biology and systematics of jellyfishes. Copyright permitting, we have linked the citations to archived PDFs. If you think a publication should be here, but is not, please mndawson@ucdavis.edu, including a PDF if possible. We will add it to the bibliography. Thank you!&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

== A - E &lt;br&gt;  ==

A 

*Arai, M.N. 1997. A functional biology of Scyphozoa. Chapman &amp;amp; Hall, London. 
*Arneson, A.C. &amp;amp; C. E. Cutress. 1976. Life history of ''Carybdea alata'' Reynaud, 1831 (Cubomedusae). Pp. 227-236 in Coelenterate Ecology and Behavior (G. O. Mackie ed.). Plenum Press, New York. 
*Ates, R.M.L. 1989. Medusivorous Fishes, A Review. Zoologische Mededelingen 62:29-42. 
*Ates, R.M.L. 1991. Predation on Cnidaria by vertebrates other than fishes. Hydrobiologia 216/217:305-307.
*Bayha, K.M., &amp;amp; M.N Dawson. 2010. A new family of allomorphic jellyfishes, Drymonematidae (Scyphozoa, Discomedusae), emphasizes evolution in the functional morphology and trophic ecology of gelatinous zooplankton. Biological Bulletin 219:249-267.

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B 

*Bailey, P.M., AJ. Bakker, J.E. Seymour, &amp;amp; J. A. Wilce. 2005. A functional comparison of the venom of three Australian jellyfish - ''Chironex fleckeri'', ''Chiropsalmus'' sp., and ''Carybdea xaymacana'' - on cytosolic Ca haemolysis and ''Artemia'' sp. lethality. Toxicon. 45:233-242. 
*Bax, N., J. Carlton, A. Mathews-Amos, R. Haedrich, F.G. Howarth, J.E. Purcell, A. Reiser, &amp;amp; A. Gray. 2001. The control of biological invasions in the world's oceans. Conservation Biology 15:1234. 
*Behrends, G, &amp;amp; G. Schneider. 1995. Impact of ''Aurelia aurita'' medusae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) on standing stock and community composition of mesoplankton in the Kiel Bight (western Baltic Sea). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 127:49-45. 
*Blanquet, R.S., &amp;amp; M.A. Phelan. 1987. An unusual blue mesogleal protein from the mangrove jellyfish ''Cassiopea xamachana''. Mar. Biol. 94:423Ð430. 
*Blumer, M.J.F., L. von Salvini-Plawen, R. Kikinger, &amp;amp; T. Buchinger. 1995. Ocelli in a Cnidaria polyp: The ultrastructure of the pigment spots in ''Stylocoronella riedli'' (Scyphozoa, Stauromedusae). Zoomorphology 115:221-227. 
*Bolton, T.F., &amp;amp; W.M. Graham. 2004. Morphological variation among populations of an invasive jellyfish. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 278:125-139. 
*Breitburg, D.L. A. Adamack, K.A. Rose, S.E. Kolesar, M.B. Decker, J.E. Purcell, J.E. Keister &amp;amp; J.H. Cowan, Jr. 2003. The pattern and influence of low dissolved oxygen in the Patuxent River, a seasonally hypoxic estuary. Estuaries 26:280-297. 
*Brewer, R. H. 1989. The Annual pattern of feeding, growth, and sexual reproduction in ''Cyanea'' (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in the Niantic River Estuary, Conneticut. Biological Bulletin 176:272-281. 
*Bridge, D., C.W. Cunningham, B. Schierwater, R. DeSalle, &amp;amp; L.W. Buss. 1992. Class-level relationships in the Phylum Cnidaria: evidence from mitochondrial genome structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 89:8750-8753. 
*Bridge, D., C.W. Cunningham, R. DeSalle, &amp;amp; L.W. Buss. 1995. Class-level relationships in the Phylum Cnidaria: molecular and morphological evidence. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12:679-689. 
*Brierley, A.S., B.E. Axelsen, D.C. Boyer, C.P. Lynam, C.A. Didcock, H.J. Boyer, C.A.J. Sparks, J.E. Purcell, &amp;amp; M.J. Gibbons. 2004. Single-target echo detections of jellyfish. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 61:383-393. 
*Brown, C.W., R. R. Hood, Z. Li, M. B. Decker, T. Gross, J. E. Purcell &amp;amp; H. Wang. 2002. Forecasting system predicts presence of sea nettles in Chesapeake Bay. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 83:321, 325-326. 
*Bumann, D. &amp;amp; Jarms G. 1997 Localisation of digestion activities in the polyps of ''Nausithoe planulophora'' (Werner, 1971) and Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner, 1984 ( Coronatae, Scyphozoa, Cnidaria). HelgolŠnder Meeresuntersuchungen 51: 477-485. 
*Burnett, J.W., J.E. Purcell, D.B. Learn, &amp;amp; T. Myer. 1999. A protocol to evaluate the blockade of jellyfish nematocysts by topical agents. Contact Dermatitis 40:55-56.

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C 

*Carlton, J.T. 1996. Biological invasions and cryptogenic species. Ecology 77:1653-1655. 
*Carrette, T., P. Alderlsade &amp;amp; J. Seymour. 2002 Cnidome composition and prey preference in two species of cubozoans, ''Chironex fleckeri'' and ''Chiropsalmus'' sp. Toxicon 40:1547-1551. 
*Chapman, D.M. 1999. Microanatomy of the bell rim of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Can. J. Zool. 77:34-46. 
*Collins, A.G. 2002. Phylogeny of Medusozoa and the evolution of cnidarian life cycles. J. Evol. Biol. 15:418-432. 
*Condon, R.H., M. B. Decker, &amp;amp; J.E. Purcell. 2001. Effects of low dissolved oxygen on survival and asexual reproduction of scyphozoan polyps (''Chrysaora quinquecirrha''). Hydrobiologia 451 (Dev. Hydrobiol. 155): 89-95. 
*Cornelius, P.F.S. 1997. Class Scyphozoa - jellyfish. Pp.418-432 in A guide to the seashores of eastern Africa and the western Indian Ocean islands (ed. M.D. Richmond). SIDA/Department for Research Cooperation SAREC, Sweden. 
*Coughlan, J.P., J. Seymour, &amp;amp; T.F. Cross. 2006. Isolation and characterisation of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci in the cubomedusan box jellyfish (''Chironex fleckeri'', Cubozoa, Cnidaria). Mol. Ecol. Notes 6:41-43.

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D 

*Dawson, M.N. 2003. Macro-morphological variation among cryptic species of the moon jellyfish, ''Aurelia'' (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Mar. Biol. 143:369-379. Erratum: Mar. Biol. 144:203.  
*Dawson, M.N. 2004. Some implications of molecular phylogenetics for understanding biodiversity in jellyfishes, with an emphasis on Scyphozoa. Hydrobiologia, 530/531:249Ð260. 
*Dawson, M. N. 2005. Morphological variation and systematics in the Scyphozoa: ''Mastigias'' (Rhizostomeae, Mastigiidae) - a golden unstandard? Hydrobiologia 537:185-206. Online appendix (PDF) 
*Dawson, M.N (2005) Five new subspecies of ''Mastigias'' (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Mastigiidae) from marine lakes, Palau, Micronesia. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 85:679-694. 
*Dawson, M.N (2005) Morphologic and molecular redescription of ''Catostylus mosaicus conservativus'' (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Catostylidae) from south-east Australia. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 85:723-731. 
*Dawson, M. N. 2005. Incipient speciation of ''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae, Catostylidae), comparative phylogeography and biogeography in south-east Australia. J. Biogeogr. 32:515-533. 
*Dawson, M. N, &amp;amp; W. M. Hamner. 2003. Geographic variation and behavioral evolution in marine plankton: the case of ''Mastigias'' (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae). Mar. Biol. 143:1161-1174. 
*Dawson, M.N, D.K. Jacobs. 2001. Molecular evidence for cryptic species of ''Aurelia aurita'' (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa). Biol. Bull. 200:92-96. 
*Dawson, M.N, &amp;amp; L.E. Martin. 2001. Geographic variation and ecological adaptation in ''Aurelia'' (Scyphozoa: Semaeostomeae): some implications from molecular phylogenetics. Hydrobiologia/Dev. Hydrobiologia 451:259-273. 
*Dawson, M.N, K.A. Raskoff, &amp;amp; D.K. Jacobs. 1998. Preservation of marine invertebrate tissues for DNA analyses. Molec. Mar. Biol. Biotech. 7:145-152. 
*de Bary, A. 1879. Die Erscheinung der Symbiose. Verlag Trubner, Straßburg 
*Devaney, D.M., &amp;amp; L.G. Eldredge. 1977. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. B.P. Bishop Mus. Spec. Publ. 64(1). 
*Dong, J. 2006. Laboratory observations on the life cycle of ''Cyanea nozakii'' (Semeostomida, Scyphozoa). Acta Zoologica Sinica 52:389-395.

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E 

*Eckelbarger, K.J. &amp;amp; R.J. Larson. 1993. Ultrastructural study of the ovary of the sessile scyphozoan, ''Haliclystus octoradiatus'' (Cnidaria: Stauromedusae). J. Morph. 218:225-236. 
*Ender, A., &amp;amp; B. Schierwater. 2003. Placozoa are not derived cnidarians: evidence from molecular morphology. Mol. Biol. Evol. 20: 130Ð134.&lt;br&gt;

== F - J &lt;br&gt;  ==

F 

*Franc, A. 1995a. Classe des cubozoaires (Cubozoa Werner, 1973). Pp. 885-922 in Traité de zoologie: anatomie, systématique, biologie volume III, fascicule 2: Cnidaires, Cténaires (D. Doumenc ed.). Masson, Paris. 
*Franc, A. 1995b. Classe des scyphozoaires (Scyphozoa Goette, 1887) (=Acraspeda Gegenbaur, 1856). Pp. 597-884 in Traité de zoologie: anatomie, systématique, biologie volume III, fascicule 2: Cnidaires, Cténaires (D. Doumenc ed.). Masson, Paris. 
*Folmer, O., M. Black, W. Hoeh, R. Lutz, &amp;amp; R. Vrijenhoek. 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotechnol. 3:294-299. 
*Ford, M.D., J.H. Costello, K.B. Heidelberg &amp;amp; J.E. Purcell. 1997. Swimming and feeding by the scyphomedusa ''Chrysaora quinquecirrha''. Mar. Biol. 129:355-362.

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G 

*Gao, S., H. Hong, &amp;amp; S. Zhang. 2002. Phylum Cnidaria: Class Hydrozoa - Subclass Siphonophorae, Class Scyphozoa. Fauna Sinica Invertebrata Vol. 27, 275 p. 
*Gershwin, L.A. 1999. Clonal and population variation in jellyfish symmetry. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 79:993-1000. 
*Gershwin, L.A. 2001. Systematics and biogeography of the jellyfish ''Aurelia labiata'' (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Biol. Bull. 201:104-119. 
*Gershwin, L.A. 2005. ''Carybdea alata'' Auct. and ''Manokia stiasnyi'', reclassification to a new family with description of a new genus and two new species. Memoirs Queensland Mus. 51:501-523. 
*Gershwin, L.-A., &amp;amp; A.G. Collins (2002) A preliminary phylogeny of Pelagiidae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa), with new observations of ''Chrysaora colorata'' comb. nov. J. Nat. Hist. 36:127-148. 
*Gershwin, L.A., &amp;amp; P. Alderslade. 2005. A new genus and species of box jellyfish (Cubozoa: Carybdeidae) from tropical Australian waters. The Beagle 21:27-36. 
*Graham, W.M., D.L. Martin, D.L. Felder, V.L. Asper, &amp;amp; H.M. Perry. 2003. Ecological and economic implications of a tropical jellyfish invader in the Gulf of Mexico. Biological Invasions 5:53-69. 
*Graham, W.M., F. Pagès, &amp;amp; W.M. Hamner. 2001. A physical context for gelatinous zooplankton aggregations: a review. Hydrobiologia 451:199-212. 
*Greenberg, N., R.L. Garthwaite, &amp;amp; D.C. Potts. 1996. Allozyme and morphological evidence for a newly introduced species of Aurelia in San Francisco Bay, California. Mar. Biol. 125:401-410. 
*Grosholz, E. 2002. Ecological and evolutionary consequences of coastal invasions. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17:22-27.

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H 

*Haddad Jr., V., F.L. da Silveira, J.L.C. Cardoso &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 2002. A report of 49 cases of cnidarian envenoming from southeastern Brazilian coastal waters. Toxicon 40(10):1445-1450. http://www.ib.usp.br/~acmorand/2002_Haddad_Jr_et_al (acidentes)
*Haacke, W. 1887. Die scyphomedusen des St. Vincent Golfes. Jena. Z. Naturw. 20:588-638.  
*Haeckel, E.H.P.A. 1866. Generelle morphologie der organismenmicroform: allgemeine grundzüge der organischen formen-wissenschaft - mechanisch begründet durch die von Charles Darwin reformirte descendenz-theorie. G. Reimer, Berlin. 
*Haeckel, E.H.P.A. 1879. Das system der medusen: erster theil einer monographie der medusen. G. Fischer, Jena. 
*Hairston, N.G. Jr. 1980. The vertical distribution of diaptomid copepods in relation to body pigmentation. In: Kerfoot WC (ed) Evolution and ecology of zooplankton communities, special symposium, vol 3. American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, University Press of New England, Hanover, pp. 98Ð110. 
*Hamner, W.M. 1982. Strange world of Palau's salt lakes. National Geographic 161:264Ð282. 
*Hamner, W.M., &amp;amp; I.R. Hauri. 1981. Long-distance horizontal migrations of zooplankton (Scyphomedusae: Mastigias). Limnol. Oceanogr. 26:414 - 423. 
*Hamner, W.M.,R.W. Gilmer, &amp;amp; P.P. Hamner. 1982. The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of a stratified, saline, sulfide lake in Palau. Limnology &amp;amp; Oceanography 27:896Ð909. 
*Harbison, G.R., K.L. Smith, &amp;amp; R.H. Backus. 1973. ''Stygiomedusa fabulosa'' from the North Atlantic: its taxonomy, with a note on its natural history. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 53:615Ð617. 
*Hebert, P.D.N., A. Cywinska, S.L. Ball, &amp;amp; J.R. deWaard. 2003. Biological Identifications through DNA barcodes. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 270:313-322. 
*Hedgpeth, J. 1945. Re-Examination of the Adventure of the Lion's Mane. Sci. Monthly 60:227-232. 
*Heeger, T., 1998. Quallen: gefŠhrliche schšnheiten. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. 
*Holland, B.S. 2000. Genetics of marine bioinvasions. Hydrobiologia 420: 63-71. 
*Holland, B.S., M.N Dawson, G.L. Crow, &amp;amp; D.K. Hofmann. 2004. Global phylogeography of ''Cassiopea'' (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomae): molecular evidence for cryptic species and multiple Hawaiian invasions. Marine Biology 145:1119Ð1128. 
*Hon, H.-C., S.-M. Chang, &amp;amp; C.-C. Wang. 1978. Haitsue (Rhopilema esculentum). Science publications, Beijing, 70 pp. (In Chinese.) 
*Holst, S. &amp;amp; Jarms, G. 2005. Responses of solitary and colonial coronate polyps (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) to sedimentation and burial. J Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 329:230-238 
*Hood, R.R., H.V. Wang, J.E. Purcell, E.D. Houde &amp;amp; L.W. Harding, Jr. 1999. Modeling particles and pelagic organisms in Chesapeake Bay: convergent features control plankton distributions. J. Geophysical Res. 104:1223-1243 and 3289-3290. 
*Hsieh, Y-H. P., F-M. Leong, &amp;amp; J. Rudloe. 2001. Jellyfish as food. Hydrobiologia 451:11-17. 
*Hummelinck, P.W. 1968. Caribbean scyphomedusae of the genus Cassiopea. Studies on the fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean islands No. 97.  
*Huntley, M.E., &amp;amp; L.A. Hobson. 1978. Medusa predation and plankton dynamics in a temperate fjord, British Columbia. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 35:257-261.

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I 

*Ishii, H., &amp;amp; F. Tanaka. 2001. Food and feeding of ''Aurelia aurita'' in Tokyo Bay with an analysis of stomach contents and a measurement of digestion times. Hydrobiologia 451:311-320. 
*Ishii, H., S. Tadokoro, H. Yamanaka, &amp;amp; M. Omori. 1995. Population dynamics of the jellyfish, ''Aurelia aurita'', in Tokyo Bay in 1993 with determination of ATP-related compounds. Bull. Plankton Soc. Japan 42:171-176.

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*Janas, U., &amp;amp; Z. Witek. 1993. The occurrence of medusae in the southern Baltic and their importance in the ecosystem, with special emphasis on ''Aurelia aurita''. Oceanologia 34:69-84. 
*Jarms, G. 1990. Neubeschreibung dreier Arten der Gattung ''Nausithoe'' (Coronata, Scyphozoa) sowie Wiederbeschreibung der Art Nausithoe marginata Kšlliker 1853. Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst. 87: 7-39. 
*Jarms, G. 1991. Taxonomic characters from the polyp tubes of coronate medusae (Scyphozoa, Coronata). In: Coelenterate Biology: Recent Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora. R. B. Williams, P. F. S. Cornelius, R. G. Hughes &amp;amp; E. A. Robson (eds). Hydrobiologia 216/217: 463-470. 
*Jarms, G. 1997. The polyps of Coronatae (Scyphozoa), a review and some new results. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, 1995: 271-278, tabs 1-3. 
*Jarms, G. 2001. The life cycle of ''Nausithoe hagenbecki'' sp. nov. (Scyphozoa, Coronatae). Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst. 98: 13-22. 
*Jarms, G. 2003. Klasse Scyphozoa. In: Robert Hofrichter (Hrsg) Das Mittelmeer, Fauna, Flora, …kologie. Bd. II/1 BestimmungsfŸhrer: Prokaryota, Protista, Fungi, Algae, Plantae, Animalia (bis Nemertea). Spektrum Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin., S.514-531. 
*Jarms, G. 2003. Klasse Cubozoa. In: Robert Hofrichter (Hrsg) Das Mittelmeer, Fauna, Flora, …kologie. Bd. II/1 BestimmungsfŸhrer: Prokaryota, Protista, Fungi, Algae, Plantae, Animalia (bis Nemertea). Spektrum Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin., S.531-533. 
*Jarms, G., A.C. Morandini &amp;amp; F.L. da Silveira. 2002. Polyps of the families Atorellidae and Nausithoidae (Scyphozoa: Coronatae) new to the Brazilian fauna. Biota Neotropica 2(1):11p. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v2n1/en/abstract?article+BN01202012002 
*Jarms, G., Morandini A.C. &amp;amp; Silveira, F.L. da 2002. Cultivation of polyps and medusae of Coronatae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) with a brief review of important characters. Helgoland Marine Research 56:203-210. http://www.ib.usp.br/~acmorand/2002b_Jarms_et_al. 
*Jarms, G. Tiemann, H. &amp;amp; Altuna Prados, A. 2003. A new bathybenthic coronate polyp from the Bay of Biscay and off Azores Nausithoe sorbei sp. nov. (Scyphozoa, Coronatae) Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst. 100:1-11. 
*Jarms, G., Tiemann, H., BŒmstedt, U., Martinussen, M. &amp;amp; FossŒ, H. 1999. The holopelagic life cycle of the deep sea medusa ''Periphylla periphylla'' (Scyphozoa, Coronatae) Sarsia 84: 55-65. 
*Jarms, G., Tiemann, H. &amp;amp; BŒmstedt, U. 2002. Development and Biology of ''Periphylla'' (Scyphozoa, Coronatae) in a Norwegian Fjord Marine Biology 141:647-657.&lt;br&gt;

== K - O &lt;br&gt;  ==

K 

*Kawahara, M., S. Uye, J. Burnett, &amp;amp; H. Mianzan. 2006a. Stings of edible jellyfish (''Rhopilema hispidum'', ''Rhopilema esculentum'' and ''Nemopilema nomurai'') in Japanese waters. Toxicon 48:713-716. 
*Kawahara, M., S. Uye, K. Ohtsu, &amp;amp; H. Iizumi. 2006b. Unusual population explosion of the giant jellyfish ''Nemopilema nomurai'' (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) in East Asian waters. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 307:161-173. 
*Kikinger, R. 1992. ''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) - Life History of a Stationary Population. Mar. Ecol. 13:333-362. 
*Kikinger, R. &amp;amp; L. von Salvini-Plawen. 1995. Development from polyp to Stauromedusa in Stylocoronella (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa). J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 75:899-912. 
*Kingsford, M.J. 1993. Biotic and abiotic structure in the pelagic environment: importance to small fishes. Bull. Mar. Sci. 53:393-415. 
*Kingsford, M.J., Pitt, K.A., Gillanders, B.M. 2000. Management of jellyfish fisheries, with special reference to the order Rhizostomeae. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev. 38:85-156. 
*Kintner, A, S. Edwards &amp;amp; J. Seymour. 2005. Variation in lethality and effects of two Australian chirodropid jellyfish venoms, ''Chironex fleckeri'' and ''Chiropsalmus'' sp., in fish. Toxicon 46: 699-708. 
*Kishinouye, K. 1891. ''Aurelia japonica'', nov. sp. Zool Mag (Tokyo) 3:288-291. JPEG [English diagnosis and figure, only] 
*Kishinouye, K. 1898. A new medusae from the California coast. Zool. Anz. 22:44-45.  
*Kishinouye, K. 1910. Some medusae of Japanese waters. J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo. 27:1-35.  
*Kishinouye, K. 1922. Echizen kurage, ''Nemopilema nomurai''. Dobutsugaku Zasshi, Tokyo 34:343-346, pl. 9. (In Japanese.) 
*Kramp, P.L. 1956. Medusae of the Iranian Gulf. Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren 118: 235-242. 
*Kramp, P.L. 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the World. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 40. 
*Kramp, P.L. 1965. Some medusae (mainly scyphomedusae) from Australia coastal waters. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Aust. 89:257-278 
*Kramp, P.L. 1968. The scyphomedusae collected by the Galathea expedition 1950-52. Vidensk. Medd. Dan. Naturhist. Foren. 131:67-98. 
*Kramp, P.L. 1970. Zoogeographical studies on Rhizostomeae (Scyphozoa). Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. 133:7-30. 
*Kreps, T.A., J.E. Purcell, &amp;amp; K.B. Heidelberg. 1997. Escape of the ctenophore, ''Mnemiopsis leidyi'' from the scyphomedusa predator, ''Chrysaora quinquecirrha''. Mar. Biol. 128:441-446.

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*Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de. 1835-1845. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres, présentant les caractères généraux et particuliers de ces animaux, leurs distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales espèces qui s'y rapportent; précédée d'une introduction ... 2me éd. rev. et augm. par G.P. Deshayes et H. Milne Edwards. Paris: Baillire. 
*Larson, R.J. 1986. Pelagic scyphomedusae (Scyphozoa: Coronatae and Semaeostomeae) of the Southern Ocean. Biology of the Antarctic Seas. XVI. Antarct. Res. Ser. 41:59-165. 
*Larson, R.J, L.P. Madin, &amp;amp; G.R. Harbison. 1988. In situ observations of deepwater medusae in the genus ''Deepstaria'', with a description of ''D. reticulum'', sp. nov. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 68:689-699. 
*Lee, C.E. 2002. Evolutionary genetics of invasive species. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17:386-391. 
*Lendenfeld, R. von. 1882. Über coelenteraten der Südsee. I. ''Cyanea annaskala'', sp. n. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft Zoologie 37:465-552.  
*Lendenfeld, R. von. 1884. Local colour-varieties of scyphomedusae. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 9:925-928. 
*Lendenfeld, R. von. 1887. Descriptive catalogue of the Medusae of the Australian seas: I, Scyphomedusae. II, Hydromedusae. Australian Museum, Sydney. 
*Lesson, R.P. Voyage autour du monde éxecuté par ordre du Roi sur la corvette La Coquille pendant les années 1822-1825. Zoologie, vol. 2: Zoophytes. Bertrand, Paris.  
*Linnaeus, C. von. 1746. Fauna Suecica. Sumtu &amp;amp; literis L. Salvii, Stockholm. JPEG 
*Linnaeus, C. von. 1758. Systema Naturae, tenth edition. L. Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm). JPEG 
*Little, M., P. Pereira, R. Mulcahy, P. Cullen, T. Carrette &amp;amp; J. Seymour. 2003. Severe cardiac failure associated with presumed jellyfish sting; can we really call it severe irukandji syndrome? Anesth. Emerg. Med. 31: 642-647. 
*Lynam, C. P., S. J. Hay, &amp;amp; A. S. Brierley. 2004. Interannual variability in abundance of North Sea jellyfish and links to the North Atlantic Oscillation. Limnol. Oceanogr. 49: 637-643. 
*Lynam, C. P., S. J. Hay, &amp;amp; A. S. Brierley. 2005. Jellyfish abundance and climatic variation: contrasting responses in oceanographically distinct regions of the North Sea and possible implications for fisheries. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 85: 435-450. 
*Lynam, C. P., M. J. Gibbons, B. E. Axelsen, C. A. J. Sparks, J. Coetzee, B. G. Heywood, &amp;amp; A. S. Brierley. 2006. Jellyfish overtake fish in a heavily fished ecosystem. Curr. Biol. 16: R492-R493.

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M 

*Maas, O. 1903. Die Scyphomedusen der Siboga-Expedition. Sibogaä Expeditie XI: 1-91. pl. 1-12. Taf. I-XII 
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== U - Z  ==

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*Uchida, T. 1965. Scyphozoa. Pp. 230-239 in New illustrated encyclopedia of the fauna of Japan ( K. Okada, S. Uchida, &amp;amp; T. Uchida, eds.). Hokuryukan, Tokyo. (In Japanese.)&lt;br&gt;

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V&amp;nbsp; 

*Vanhöffen, E. 1888. Untersuchungen uber semaostome und rhizostome medusen. Bibliotheca Zoologica. 

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W&amp;nbsp; 

*Walker, W.F. &amp;amp; W.F. Doolittle. 1983. 5S rRNA sequences from four marine invertebrates and implications for base pairing models of metazoan sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:5159-5164. 
*Werner, B. 1975. Bau und Lebensgeschichte des Polypen von Tripedalia cystophora (Cubozoa, class. nov., Carybdeidae) und seine Bedeutung für die Evolution der Cnidaria. Helgolaender Wiss. Meeresunters. 27:461-504. 
*Wilkinson, D.M. 2001. At cross purposes. Nature 412: 485. 
*Wright, D.A. and J.E. Purcell. 1997. Effect of salinity on ionic shifts in mesohaline scyphomedusae, ''Chrysaora quinquecirrha''. Biol. Bull.192:332-339.

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Y&amp;nbsp; 

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Z &lt;br&gt; 

*Zak, B. 1971. Anomalies in body structure of jelly-fish ''Aurelia aurita'' L. in Southern Baltic. Przegl. Zool. 15:57-65. &lt;br&gt;

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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="44723">This bibliography contains all publications cited in the pages of ''The Scyphozoa'' and other important references describing the biology and systematics of jellyfishes. Copyright permitting, we have linked the citations to archived PDFs. If you think a publication should be here, but is not, please mndawson@ucdavis.edu, including a PDF if possible. We will add it to the bibliography. Thank you!&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

== A - E &lt;br&gt;  ==

A 

*Arai, M.N. 1997. A functional biology of Scyphozoa. Chapman &amp;amp; Hall, London. 
*Arneson, A.C. &amp;amp; C. E. Cutress. 1976. Life history of ''Carybdea alata'' Reynaud, 1831 (Cubomedusae). Pp. 227-236 in Coelenterate Ecology and Behavior (G. O. Mackie ed.). Plenum Press, New York. 
*Ates, R.M.L. 1989. Medusivorous Fishes, A Review. Zoologische Mededelingen 62:29-42. 
*Ates, R.M.L. 1991. Predation on Cnidaria by vertebrates other than fishes. Hydrobiologia 216/217:305-307.

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B 

*Bailey, P.M., AJ. Bakker, J.E. Seymour, &amp;amp; J. A. Wilce. 2005. A functional comparison of the venom of three Australian jellyfish - ''Chironex fleckeri'', ''Chiropsalmus'' sp., and ''Carybdea xaymacana'' - on cytosolic Ca haemolysis and ''Artemia'' sp. lethality. Toxicon. 45:233-242. 
*Bax, N., J. Carlton, A. Mathews-Amos, R. Haedrich, F.G. Howarth, J.E. Purcell, A. Reiser, &amp;amp; A. Gray. 2001. The control of biological invasions in the world's oceans. Conservation Biology 15:1234. 
*Bayha, K.M., &amp;amp; M.N Dawson. 2010. A new family of allomorphic jellyfishes, Drymonematidae (Scyphozoa, Discomedusae), emphasizes evolution in the functional morphology and trophic ecology of gelatinous zooplankton. Biological Bulletin 219:249-267.
*Behrends, G, &amp;amp; G. Schneider. 1995. Impact of ''Aurelia aurita'' medusae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) on standing stock and community composition of mesoplankton in the Kiel Bight (western Baltic Sea). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 127:49-45. 
*Blanquet, R.S., &amp;amp; M.A. Phelan. 1987. An unusual blue mesogleal protein from the mangrove jellyfish ''Cassiopea xamachana''. Mar. Biol. 94:423Ð430. 
*Blumer, M.J.F., L. von Salvini-Plawen, R. Kikinger, &amp;amp; T. Buchinger. 1995. Ocelli in a Cnidaria polyp: The ultrastructure of the pigment spots in ''Stylocoronella riedli'' (Scyphozoa, Stauromedusae). Zoomorphology 115:221-227. 
*Bolton, T.F., &amp;amp; W.M. Graham. 2004. Morphological variation among populations of an invasive jellyfish. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 278:125-139. 
*Breitburg, D.L. A. Adamack, K.A. Rose, S.E. Kolesar, M.B. Decker, J.E. Purcell, J.E. Keister &amp;amp; J.H. Cowan, Jr. 2003. The pattern and influence of low dissolved oxygen in the Patuxent River, a seasonally hypoxic estuary. Estuaries 26:280-297. 
*Brewer, R. H. 1989. The Annual pattern of feeding, growth, and sexual reproduction in ''Cyanea'' (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in the Niantic River Estuary, Conneticut. Biological Bulletin 176:272-281. 
*Bridge, D., C.W. Cunningham, B. Schierwater, R. DeSalle, &amp;amp; L.W. Buss. 1992. Class-level relationships in the Phylum Cnidaria: evidence from mitochondrial genome structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 89:8750-8753. 
*Bridge, D., C.W. Cunningham, R. DeSalle, &amp;amp; L.W. Buss. 1995. Class-level relationships in the Phylum Cnidaria: molecular and morphological evidence. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12:679-689. 
*Brierley, A.S., B.E. Axelsen, D.C. Boyer, C.P. Lynam, C.A. Didcock, H.J. Boyer, C.A.J. Sparks, J.E. Purcell, &amp;amp; M.J. Gibbons. 2004. Single-target echo detections of jellyfish. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 61:383-393. 
*Brown, C.W., R. R. Hood, Z. Li, M. B. Decker, T. Gross, J. E. Purcell &amp;amp; H. Wang. 2002. Forecasting system predicts presence of sea nettles in Chesapeake Bay. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 83:321, 325-326. 
*Bumann, D. &amp;amp; Jarms G. 1997 Localisation of digestion activities in the polyps of ''Nausithoe planulophora'' (Werner, 1971) and Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner, 1984 ( Coronatae, Scyphozoa, Cnidaria). HelgolŠnder Meeresuntersuchungen 51: 477-485. 
*Burnett, J.W., J.E. Purcell, D.B. Learn, &amp;amp; T. Myer. 1999. A protocol to evaluate the blockade of jellyfish nematocysts by topical agents. Contact Dermatitis 40:55-56.

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C 

*Carlton, J.T. 1996. Biological invasions and cryptogenic species. Ecology 77:1653-1655. 
*Carrette, T., P. Alderlsade &amp;amp; J. Seymour. 2002 Cnidome composition and prey preference in two species of cubozoans, ''Chironex fleckeri'' and ''Chiropsalmus'' sp. Toxicon 40:1547-1551. 
*Chapman, D.M. 1999. Microanatomy of the bell rim of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Can. J. Zool. 77:34-46. 
*Collins, A.G. 2002. Phylogeny of Medusozoa and the evolution of cnidarian life cycles. J. Evol. Biol. 15:418-432. 
*Condon, R.H., M. B. Decker, &amp;amp; J.E. Purcell. 2001. Effects of low dissolved oxygen on survival and asexual reproduction of scyphozoan polyps (''Chrysaora quinquecirrha''). Hydrobiologia 451 (Dev. Hydrobiol. 155): 89-95. 
*Cornelius, P.F.S. 1997. Class Scyphozoa - jellyfish. Pp.418-432 in A guide to the seashores of eastern Africa and the western Indian Ocean islands (ed. M.D. Richmond). SIDA/Department for Research Cooperation SAREC, Sweden. 
*Coughlan, J.P., J. Seymour, &amp;amp; T.F. Cross. 2006. Isolation and characterisation of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci in the cubomedusan box jellyfish (''Chironex fleckeri'', Cubozoa, Cnidaria). Mol. Ecol. Notes 6:41-43.

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D 

*Dawson, M.N. 2003. Macro-morphological variation among cryptic species of the moon jellyfish, ''Aurelia'' (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Mar. Biol. 143:369-379. Erratum: Mar. Biol. 144:203.  
*Dawson, M.N. 2004. Some implications of molecular phylogenetics for understanding biodiversity in jellyfishes, with an emphasis on Scyphozoa. Hydrobiologia, 530/531:249Ð260. 
*Dawson, M. N. 2005. Morphological variation and systematics in the Scyphozoa: ''Mastigias'' (Rhizostomeae, Mastigiidae) - a golden unstandard? Hydrobiologia 537:185-206. Online appendix (PDF) 
*Dawson, M.N (2005) Five new subspecies of ''Mastigias'' (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Mastigiidae) from marine lakes, Palau, Micronesia. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 85:679-694. 
*Dawson, M.N (2005) Morphologic and molecular redescription of ''Catostylus mosaicus conservativus'' (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Catostylidae) from south-east Australia. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 85:723-731. 
*Dawson, M. N. 2005. Incipient speciation of ''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae, Catostylidae), comparative phylogeography and biogeography in south-east Australia. J. Biogeogr. 32:515-533. 
*Dawson, M. N, &amp;amp; W. M. Hamner. 2003. Geographic variation and behavioral evolution in marine plankton: the case of ''Mastigias'' (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae). Mar. Biol. 143:1161-1174. 
*Dawson, M.N, D.K. Jacobs. 2001. Molecular evidence for cryptic species of ''Aurelia aurita'' (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa). Biol. Bull. 200:92-96. 
*Dawson, M.N, &amp;amp; L.E. Martin. 2001. Geographic variation and ecological adaptation in ''Aurelia'' (Scyphozoa: Semaeostomeae): some implications from molecular phylogenetics. Hydrobiologia/Dev. Hydrobiologia 451:259-273. 
*Dawson, M.N, K.A. Raskoff, &amp;amp; D.K. Jacobs. 1998. Preservation of marine invertebrate tissues for DNA analyses. Molec. Mar. Biol. Biotech. 7:145-152. 
*de Bary, A. 1879. Die Erscheinung der Symbiose. Verlag Trubner, Straßburg 
*Devaney, D.M., &amp;amp; L.G. Eldredge. 1977. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. B.P. Bishop Mus. Spec. Publ. 64(1). 
*Dong, J. 2006. Laboratory observations on the life cycle of ''Cyanea nozakii'' (Semeostomida, Scyphozoa). Acta Zoologica Sinica 52:389-395.

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E 

*Eckelbarger, K.J. &amp;amp; R.J. Larson. 1993. Ultrastructural study of the ovary of the sessile scyphozoan, ''Haliclystus octoradiatus'' (Cnidaria: Stauromedusae). J. Morph. 218:225-236. 
*Ender, A., &amp;amp; B. Schierwater. 2003. Placozoa are not derived cnidarians: evidence from molecular morphology. Mol. Biol. Evol. 20: 130Ð134.&lt;br&gt;

== F - J &lt;br&gt;  ==

F 

*Franc, A. 1995a. Classe des cubozoaires (Cubozoa Werner, 1973). Pp. 885-922 in Traité de zoologie: anatomie, systématique, biologie volume III, fascicule 2: Cnidaires, Cténaires (D. Doumenc ed.). Masson, Paris. 
*Franc, A. 1995b. Classe des scyphozoaires (Scyphozoa Goette, 1887) (=Acraspeda Gegenbaur, 1856). Pp. 597-884 in Traité de zoologie: anatomie, systématique, biologie volume III, fascicule 2: Cnidaires, Cténaires (D. Doumenc ed.). Masson, Paris. 
*Folmer, O., M. Black, W. Hoeh, R. Lutz, &amp;amp; R. Vrijenhoek. 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotechnol. 3:294-299. 
*Ford, M.D., J.H. Costello, K.B. Heidelberg &amp;amp; J.E. Purcell. 1997. Swimming and feeding by the scyphomedusa ''Chrysaora quinquecirrha''. Mar. Biol. 129:355-362.

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G 

*Gao, S., H. Hong, &amp;amp; S. Zhang. 2002. Phylum Cnidaria: Class Hydrozoa - Subclass Siphonophorae, Class Scyphozoa. Fauna Sinica Invertebrata Vol. 27, 275 p. 
*Gershwin, L.A. 1999. Clonal and population variation in jellyfish symmetry. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 79:993-1000. 
*Gershwin, L.A. 2001. Systematics and biogeography of the jellyfish ''Aurelia labiata'' (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Biol. Bull. 201:104-119. 
*Gershwin, L.A. 2005. ''Carybdea alata'' Auct. and ''Manokia stiasnyi'', reclassification to a new family with description of a new genus and two new species. Memoirs Queensland Mus. 51:501-523. 
*Gershwin, L.-A., &amp;amp; A.G. Collins (2002) A preliminary phylogeny of Pelagiidae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa), with new observations of ''Chrysaora colorata'' comb. nov. J. Nat. Hist. 36:127-148. 
*Gershwin, L.A., &amp;amp; P. Alderslade. 2005. A new genus and species of box jellyfish (Cubozoa: Carybdeidae) from tropical Australian waters. The Beagle 21:27-36. 
*Graham, W.M., D.L. Martin, D.L. Felder, V.L. Asper, &amp;amp; H.M. Perry. 2003. Ecological and economic implications of a tropical jellyfish invader in the Gulf of Mexico. Biological Invasions 5:53-69. 
*Graham, W.M., F. Pagès, &amp;amp; W.M. Hamner. 2001. A physical context for gelatinous zooplankton aggregations: a review. Hydrobiologia 451:199-212. 
*Greenberg, N., R.L. Garthwaite, &amp;amp; D.C. Potts. 1996. Allozyme and morphological evidence for a newly introduced species of Aurelia in San Francisco Bay, California. Mar. Biol. 125:401-410. 
*Grosholz, E. 2002. Ecological and evolutionary consequences of coastal invasions. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17:22-27.

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H 

*Haddad Jr., V., F.L. da Silveira, J.L.C. Cardoso &amp;amp; A.C. Morandini. 2002. A report of 49 cases of cnidarian envenoming from southeastern Brazilian coastal waters. Toxicon 40(10):1445-1450. http://www.ib.usp.br/~acmorand/2002_Haddad_Jr_et_al (acidentes)
*Haacke, W. 1887. Die scyphomedusen des St. Vincent Golfes. Jena. Z. Naturw. 20:588-638.  
*Haeckel, E.H.P.A. 1866. Generelle morphologie der organismenmicroform: allgemeine grundzüge der organischen formen-wissenschaft - mechanisch begründet durch die von Charles Darwin reformirte descendenz-theorie. G. Reimer, Berlin. 
*Haeckel, E.H.P.A. 1879. Das system der medusen: erster theil einer monographie der medusen. G. Fischer, Jena. 
*Hairston, N.G. Jr. 1980. The vertical distribution of diaptomid copepods in relation to body pigmentation. In: Kerfoot WC (ed) Evolution and ecology of zooplankton communities, special symposium, vol 3. American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, University Press of New England, Hanover, pp. 98Ð110. 
*Hamner, W.M. 1982. Strange world of Palau's salt lakes. National Geographic 161:264Ð282. 
*Hamner, W.M., &amp;amp; I.R. Hauri. 1981. Long-distance horizontal migrations of zooplankton (Scyphomedusae: Mastigias). Limnol. Oceanogr. 26:414 - 423. 
*Hamner, W.M.,R.W. Gilmer, &amp;amp; P.P. Hamner. 1982. The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of a stratified, saline, sulfide lake in Palau. Limnology &amp;amp; Oceanography 27:896Ð909. 
*Harbison, G.R., K.L. Smith, &amp;amp; R.H. Backus. 1973. ''Stygiomedusa fabulosa'' from the North Atlantic: its taxonomy, with a note on its natural history. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 53:615Ð617. 
*Hebert, P.D.N., A. Cywinska, S.L. Ball, &amp;amp; J.R. deWaard. 2003. Biological Identifications through DNA barcodes. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 270:313-322. 
*Hedgpeth, J. 1945. Re-Examination of the Adventure of the Lion's Mane. Sci. Monthly 60:227-232. 
*Heeger, T., 1998. Quallen: gefŠhrliche schšnheiten. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. 
*Holland, B.S. 2000. Genetics of marine bioinvasions. Hydrobiologia 420: 63-71. 
*Holland, B.S., M.N Dawson, G.L. Crow, &amp;amp; D.K. Hofmann. 2004. Global phylogeography of ''Cassiopea'' (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomae): molecular evidence for cryptic species and multiple Hawaiian invasions. Marine Biology 145:1119Ð1128. 
*Hon, H.-C., S.-M. Chang, &amp;amp; C.-C. Wang. 1978. Haitsue (Rhopilema esculentum). Science publications, Beijing, 70 pp. (In Chinese.) 
*Holst, S. &amp;amp; Jarms, G. 2005. Responses of solitary and colonial coronate polyps (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) to sedimentation and burial. J Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 329:230-238 
*Hood, R.R., H.V. Wang, J.E. Purcell, E.D. Houde &amp;amp; L.W. Harding, Jr. 1999. Modeling particles and pelagic organisms in Chesapeake Bay: convergent features control plankton distributions. J. Geophysical Res. 104:1223-1243 and 3289-3290. 
*Hsieh, Y-H. P., F-M. Leong, &amp;amp; J. Rudloe. 2001. Jellyfish as food. Hydrobiologia 451:11-17. 
*Hummelinck, P.W. 1968. Caribbean scyphomedusae of the genus Cassiopea. Studies on the fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean islands No. 97.  
*Huntley, M.E., &amp;amp; L.A. Hobson. 1978. Medusa predation and plankton dynamics in a temperate fjord, British Columbia. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 35:257-261.

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I 

*Ishii, H., &amp;amp; F. Tanaka. 2001. Food and feeding of ''Aurelia aurita'' in Tokyo Bay with an analysis of stomach contents and a measurement of digestion times. Hydrobiologia 451:311-320. 
*Ishii, H., S. Tadokoro, H. Yamanaka, &amp;amp; M. Omori. 1995. Population dynamics of the jellyfish, ''Aurelia aurita'', in Tokyo Bay in 1993 with determination of ATP-related compounds. Bull. Plankton Soc. Japan 42:171-176.

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J 

*Janas, U., &amp;amp; Z. Witek. 1993. The occurrence of medusae in the southern Baltic and their importance in the ecosystem, with special emphasis on ''Aurelia aurita''. Oceanologia 34:69-84. 
*Jarms, G. 1990. Neubeschreibung dreier Arten der Gattung ''Nausithoe'' (Coronata, Scyphozoa) sowie Wiederbeschreibung der Art Nausithoe marginata Kšlliker 1853. Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst. 87: 7-39. 
*Jarms, G. 1991. Taxonomic characters from the polyp tubes of coronate medusae (Scyphozoa, Coronata). In: Coelenterate Biology: Recent Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora. R. B. Williams, P. F. S. Cornelius, R. G. Hughes &amp;amp; E. A. Robson (eds). Hydrobiologia 216/217: 463-470. 
*Jarms, G. 1997. The polyps of Coronatae (Scyphozoa), a review and some new results. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, 1995: 271-278, tabs 1-3. 
*Jarms, G. 2001. The life cycle of ''Nausithoe hagenbecki'' sp. nov. (Scyphozoa, Coronatae). Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst. 98: 13-22. 
*Jarms, G. 2003. Klasse Scyphozoa. In: Robert Hofrichter (Hrsg) Das Mittelmeer, Fauna, Flora, …kologie. Bd. II/1 BestimmungsfŸhrer: Prokaryota, Protista, Fungi, Algae, Plantae, Animalia (bis Nemertea). Spektrum Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin., S.514-531. 
*Jarms, G. 2003. Klasse Cubozoa. In: Robert Hofrichter (Hrsg) Das Mittelmeer, Fauna, Flora, …kologie. Bd. II/1 BestimmungsfŸhrer: Prokaryota, Protista, Fungi, Algae, Plantae, Animalia (bis Nemertea). Spektrum Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin., S.531-533. 
*Jarms, G., A.C. Morandini &amp;amp; F.L. da Silveira. 2002. Polyps of the families Atorellidae and Nausithoidae (Scyphozoa: Coronatae) new to the Brazilian fauna. Biota Neotropica 2(1):11p. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v2n1/en/abstract?article+BN01202012002 
*Jarms, G., Morandini A.C. &amp;amp; Silveira, F.L. da 2002. Cultivation of polyps and medusae of Coronatae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) with a brief review of important characters. Helgoland Marine Research 56:203-210. http://www.ib.usp.br/~acmorand/2002b_Jarms_et_al. 
*Jarms, G. Tiemann, H. &amp;amp; Altuna Prados, A. 2003. A new bathybenthic coronate polyp from the Bay of Biscay and off Azores Nausithoe sorbei sp. nov. (Scyphozoa, Coronatae) Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst. 100:1-11. 
*Jarms, G., Tiemann, H., BŒmstedt, U., Martinussen, M. &amp;amp; FossŒ, H. 1999. The holopelagic life cycle of the deep sea medusa ''Periphylla periphylla'' (Scyphozoa, Coronatae) Sarsia 84: 55-65. 
*Jarms, G., Tiemann, H. &amp;amp; BŒmstedt, U. 2002. Development and Biology of ''Periphylla'' (Scyphozoa, Coronatae) in a Norwegian Fjord Marine Biology 141:647-657.&lt;br&gt;

== K - O &lt;br&gt;  ==

K 

*Kawahara, M., S. Uye, J. Burnett, &amp;amp; H. Mianzan. 2006a. Stings of edible jellyfish (''Rhopilema hispidum'', ''Rhopilema esculentum'' and ''Nemopilema nomurai'') in Japanese waters. Toxicon 48:713-716. 
*Kawahara, M., S. Uye, K. Ohtsu, &amp;amp; H. Iizumi. 2006b. Unusual population explosion of the giant jellyfish ''Nemopilema nomurai'' (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) in East Asian waters. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 307:161-173. 
*Kikinger, R. 1992. ''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) - Life History of a Stationary Population. Mar. Ecol. 13:333-362. 
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*Kingsford, M.J., Pitt, K.A., Gillanders, B.M. 2000. Management of jellyfish fisheries, with special reference to the order Rhizostomeae. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev. 38:85-156. 
*Kintner, A, S. Edwards &amp;amp; J. Seymour. 2005. Variation in lethality and effects of two Australian chirodropid jellyfish venoms, ''Chironex fleckeri'' and ''Chiropsalmus'' sp., in fish. Toxicon 46: 699-708. 
*Kishinouye, K. 1891. ''Aurelia japonica'', nov. sp. Zool Mag (Tokyo) 3:288-291. JPEG [English diagnosis and figure, only] 
*Kishinouye, K. 1898. A new medusae from the California coast. Zool. Anz. 22:44-45.  
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*Kramp, P.L. 1956. Medusae of the Iranian Gulf. Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren 118: 235-242. 
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*Kramp, P.L. 1965. Some medusae (mainly scyphomedusae) from Australia coastal waters. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Aust. 89:257-278 
*Kramp, P.L. 1968. The scyphomedusae collected by the Galathea expedition 1950-52. Vidensk. Medd. Dan. Naturhist. Foren. 131:67-98. 
*Kramp, P.L. 1970. Zoogeographical studies on Rhizostomeae (Scyphozoa). Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. 133:7-30. 
*Kreps, T.A., J.E. Purcell, &amp;amp; K.B. Heidelberg. 1997. Escape of the ctenophore, ''Mnemiopsis leidyi'' from the scyphomedusa predator, ''Chrysaora quinquecirrha''. Mar. Biol. 128:441-446.

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*Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de. 1835-1845. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres, présentant les caractères généraux et particuliers de ces animaux, leurs distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales espèces qui s'y rapportent; précédée d'une introduction ... 2me éd. rev. et augm. par G.P. Deshayes et H. Milne Edwards. Paris: Baillire. 
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*Taylor, D., P. Pereira, J. Seymour &amp;amp; K.Winkel. 2002 A sting from an unknown jellyfish species associated with persistent symptoms and raised troponin I levels. Emerg. Med. 14:175-80 
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*Thiel, M.E. 1978. Die postephyrale entwicklung des gastrovascularsystems der rhizostomida nebst ergänzungen und berichtigungen zu den Stiasnyschen typen dieser entwicklung, zugleich ein zeugniz für das Haeckelsche biogenetische grundgesetz. Sonderdruck Z. f. Zool. Syst. Evol. 16:267-289. 
*Tiemann, H., Sštje, I., Jarms, G., Paulmann, C., Epple, M. &amp;amp; Hasse, B. 2002. Calcium sulphate hemihydrate in statoliths of deep-sea medusae. J. Chemical Soc., Dalton Transactions 2002:1266-1268 
*Towanda, T., &amp;amp; E.V. Thuesen. 2006. Ectosymbiotic behavior of ''Cancer gracilis'' and its trophic relationships with its host ''Phacellophora camtschatica'' and the parasitoid ''Hyperia medusarum''. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 315:221-236. 
*Tronolone, V.B., A.C. Morandini &amp;amp; A.E. Migotto. 2002. On the occurrence of scyphozoan ephyrae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Semaeostomeae and Rhizostomeae) in the southeastern Brazilian coast. Biota Neotropica 2(2):18p. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v2n2/pt/fullpaper?bn02102022002+en 
*Tubb, J.A. 1946. On the occurrence of ''Alepas pacifica'' Pilsbry in Tasmania. Records Aust. Mus. 11:383-385.&lt;br&gt;

== U - Z  ==

U 

*Uchida, T. 1929. Studies on the Stauromedusae and Cubomedusae, with special reference to their metamorphosis. Jap. J. Zool. 2:103-193. 
*Uchida, T. 1926. The anatomy and development of a rhizostome medusa, ''Mastigias papua'' L. Agassiz, with observations on the phylogeny of Rhizostomae. J. Fac. Sci. Tokyo Univ. sect. IV: Zool. 1:45-95. 
*Uchida, T. 1947. Some medusae from the central Pacific. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. ser. 6: Zool. 9:297-319.  
*Uchida, T. 1954. Distribution of scyphomedusae in Japanese and its adjacent waters. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. ser. 6: Zool. 12:209-219. 
*Uchida, T. 1965. Scyphozoa. Pp. 230-239 in New illustrated encyclopedia of the fauna of Japan ( K. Okada, S. Uchida, &amp;amp; T. Uchida, eds.). Hokuryukan, Tokyo. (In Japanese.)&lt;br&gt;

----

V&amp;nbsp; 

*Vanhöffen, E. 1888. Untersuchungen uber semaostome und rhizostome medusen. Bibliotheca Zoologica. 

----

W&amp;nbsp; 

*Walker, W.F. &amp;amp; W.F. Doolittle. 1983. 5S rRNA sequences from four marine invertebrates and implications for base pairing models of metazoan sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:5159-5164. 
*Werner, B. 1975. Bau und Lebensgeschichte des Polypen von Tripedalia cystophora (Cubozoa, class. nov., Carybdeidae) und seine Bedeutung für die Evolution der Cnidaria. Helgolaender Wiss. Meeresunters. 27:461-504. 
*Wilkinson, D.M. 2001. At cross purposes. Nature 412: 485. 
*Wright, D.A. and J.E. Purcell. 1997. Effect of salinity on ionic shifts in mesohaline scyphomedusae, ''Chrysaora quinquecirrha''. Biol. Bull.192:332-339.

----

X&amp;nbsp; 

----

Y&amp;nbsp; 

----

Z &lt;br&gt; 

*Zak, B. 1971. Anomalies in body structure of jelly-fish ''Aurelia aurita'' L. in Southern Baltic. Przegl. Zool. 15:57-65. &lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Articles]]</text>
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    <title>Biogeography</title>
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      <comment>New page: Biogeography is the study of the distributions of species, both past and present.</comment>
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      <minor/>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="116">'''Biogeography''' is the study of the distributions of species, both past and present.

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    <title>Cassiopeidae</title>
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Rhizostomes with mouth-arms dichotomous and triangular or three-winged. A network of anastomosing canals communicate with the central gastral cavity in several places between the radial canals. Rhopalar pits smooth, without radial folds. Subgenital ostia without papillae.

With subumrellar muscles in feather-like arcs. Radial canals usually about twice as many as rhopalia (more or less than 32). Without or with faintly indicated ring canal. With four completely separated subgenital cavities. Subgenital ostia small, round. Stomach circular. Arm disk octagonal, with four primary canals.

Eight pinnately or irregularly branched mouth-arms with ventral mouth-openings only and large or small vesicles; ring canal absent or faintly indicated; usually with 16 rhopalar and about 16 (or more) inter-rhopalar canals.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="911">[[Cass_xamachana.jpg|Cassiopeidae]]

'''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''


Rhizostomes with mouth-arms dichotomous and triangular or three-winged. A network of anastomosing canals communicate with the central gastral cavity in several places between the radial canals. Rhopalar pits smooth, without radial folds. Subgenital ostia without papillae.

With subumrellar muscles in feather-like arcs. Radial canals usually about twice as many as rhopalia (more or less than 32). Without or with faintly indicated ring canal. With four completely separated subgenital cavities. Subgenital ostia small, round. Stomach circular. Arm disk octagonal, with four primary canals.

Eight pinnately or irregularly branched mouth-arms with ventral mouth-openings only and large or small vesicles; ring canal absent or faintly indicated; usually with 16 rhopalar and about 16 (or more) inter-rhopalar canals.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="916">[[file:Cass_xamachana.jpg|Cassiopeidae]]

'''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''


Rhizostomes with mouth-arms dichotomous and triangular or three-winged. A network of anastomosing canals communicate with the central gastral cavity in several places between the radial canals. Rhopalar pits smooth, without radial folds. Subgenital ostia without papillae.

With subumrellar muscles in feather-like arcs. Radial canals usually about twice as many as rhopalia (more or less than 32). Without or with faintly indicated ring canal. With four completely separated subgenital cavities. Subgenital ostia small, round. Stomach circular. Arm disk octagonal, with four primary canals.

Eight pinnately or irregularly branched mouth-arms with ventral mouth-openings only and large or small vesicles; ring canal absent or faintly indicated; usually with 16 rhopalar and about 16 (or more) inter-rhopalar canals.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="947">'''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''


Rhizostomes with mouth-arms dichotomous and triangular or three-winged. A network of anastomosing canals communicate with the central gastral cavity in several places between the radial canals. Rhopalar pits smooth, without radial folds. Subgenital ostia without papillae. [[File:Cass_xamachana.jpg|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775) *]]

With subumrellar muscles in feather-like arcs. Radial canals usually about twice as many as rhopalia (more or less than 32). Without or with faintly indicated ring canal. With four completely separated subgenital cavities. Subgenital ostia small, round. Stomach circular. Arm disk octagonal, with four primary canals.

Eight pinnately or irregularly branched mouth-arms with ventral mouth-openings only and large or small vesicles; ring canal absent or faintly indicated; usually with 16 rhopalar and about 16 (or more) inter-rhopalar canals.</text>
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      <id>423</id>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="875">'''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''


Rhizostomes with mouth-arms dichotomous and triangular or three-winged. A network of anastomosing canals communicate with the central gastral cavity in several places between the radial canals. Rhopalar pits smooth, without radial folds. Subgenital ostia without papillae. 

With subumrellar muscles in feather-like arcs. Radial canals usually about twice as many as rhopalia (more or less than 32). Without or with faintly indicated ring canal. With four completely separated subgenital cavities. Subgenital ostia small, round. Stomach circular. Arm disk octagonal, with four primary canals.

Eight pinnately or irregularly branched mouth-arms with ventral mouth-openings only and large or small vesicles; ring canal absent or faintly indicated; usually with 16 rhopalar and about 16 (or more) inter-rhopalar canals.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="899">'''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''


Rhizostomes with mouth-arms dichotomous and triangular or three-winged. A network of anastomosing canals communicate with the central gastral cavity in several places between the radial canals. Rhopalar pits smooth, without radial folds. Subgenital ostia without papillae. 

With subumrellar muscles in feather-like arcs. Radial canals usually about twice as many as rhopalia (more or less than 32). Without or with faintly indicated ring canal. With four completely separated subgenital cavities. Subgenital ostia small, round. Stomach circular. Arm disk octagonal, with four primary canals.

Eight pinnately or irregularly branched mouth-arms with ventral mouth-openings only and large or small vesicles; ring canal absent or faintly indicated; usually with 16 rhopalar and about 16 (or more) inter-rhopalar canals.

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  <page>
    <title>Catostylidae</title>
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Rhizostomes with mouth-arms three-winged. A network of anastomosing canals, issuing from the primary ring canal, does not communicate with the gastral cavity except through the radial canals. Subumbrellar muscles annular. Rhopalar pits with radial folds. Subgenital ostia narrowed by papillae.

Without scapulets; with permanent ring canal; with 16 or 32 radial canals not all extending to umbrella margin; with a continuous genital porticus.

With intracircular network of anastomosing canals communicating with the ring canal, but not always with the 16 radial canals; the eight rhopalar canals extending to the umbrella margin, the eight inter-rhopalar only to the ring canal; mouth arms pyramidal.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="783">'''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''


Rhizostomes with mouth-arms three-winged. A network of anastomosing canals, issuing from the primary ring canal, does not communicate with the gastral cavity except through the radial canals. Subumbrellar muscles annular. Rhopalar pits with radial folds. Subgenital ostia narrowed by papillae.

Without scapulets; with permanent ring canal; with 16 or 32 radial canals not all extending to umbrella margin; with a continuous genital porticus.

With intracircular network of anastomosing canals communicating with the ring canal, but not always with the 16 radial canals; the eight rhopalar canals extending to the umbrella margin, the eight inter-rhopalar only to the ring canal; mouth arms pyramidal.

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Catostylus</title>
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Catostylidae with a broad, intracircular anastomosing network in direct communication with both rhopalar and inter-rhopalar canals and with the ring canal; mouth-arms without special appendages.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="274">'''Characteristics of the Genus   (from Kramp 1961)'''

Catostylidae with a broad, intracircular anastomosing network in direct communication with both rhopalar and inter-rhopalar canals and with the ring canal; mouth-arms without special appendages.

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  <page>
    <title>Cepheidae</title>
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Rhizostomes with mouth-arms dichotomous and triangular or three-winged. A network of anastomosing canals communicate with the central gastral cavity in several places between the radial canals. Rhopalar pits smooth, without radial folds. Subgenital ostia without papillae.

With radial subumbrellar muscles. With eight rhopalar radial canals. Without a ring canal. With four more or less separated subgenital cavities. Subgenital ostia small, round. Stomach octagonal, with eight primary canals.

With numerous (more than three) inter-rhopalar radial canals in each octant; central portion of exumbrella with warts; with long, pointed filaments on the mouth-arms.</text>
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        <id>27</id>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="745">'''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''


Rhizostomes with mouth-arms dichotomous and triangular or three-winged. A network of anastomosing canals communicate with the central gastral cavity in several places between the radial canals. Rhopalar pits smooth, without radial folds. Subgenital ostia without papillae.

With radial subumbrellar muscles. With eight rhopalar radial canals. Without a ring canal. With four more or less separated subgenital cavities. Subgenital ostia small, round. Stomach octagonal, with eight primary canals.

With numerous (more than three) inter-rhopalar radial canals in each octant; central portion of exumbrella with warts; with long, pointed filaments on the mouth-arms.

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
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    <title>Class Scyphozoa</title>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="12725">{{expand}}
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In tristique. Aliquam orci. Praesent consequat ornare orci. Nam eu orci. Proin facilisis luctus sapien. Ut neque. Donec quis neque. Nullam augue felis, fringilla in, porttitor ut, condimentum id, est. Maecenas ante. Donec consectetuer dignissim lectus. Nulla id orci. Mauris suscipit erat ut mi. Quisque laoreet semper eros. Suspendisse pellentesque fringilla ante. Aenean ac ipsum. Nunc ultrices posuere orci. Phasellus vulputate tellus aliquam mauris. Curabitur sollicitudin fringilla sem. Vivamus blandit.

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Aliquam suscipit, elit eget gravida malesuada, felis lorem adipiscing felis, ut iaculis leo metus a sapien. Nunc placerat tristique libero. Suspendisse sit amet lectus. Ut nunc felis, auctor vel, elementum vitae, dictum sit amet, justo. Integer euismod pellentesque nulla. Praesent a leo et nisl facilisis porttitor. Donec dictum nunc eget arcu. In cursus interdum sapien. Nulla facilisi. Quisque tristique sodales diam. Nullam libero tellus, vehicula vel, elementum eu, luctus ac, urna. Nulla ut risus ac arcu convallis condimentum. Nam a orci. Quisque diam. Nunc nisi magna, sollicitudin quis, consequat quis, vehicula id, risus. Donec cursus augue vitae pede. Donec ipsum tellus, sagittis eget, pharetra non, tristique ac, ipsum. Sed sapien. Mauris placerat. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae;

Proin pretium lacinia nisi. Duis vel lacus a elit imperdiet semper. Aliquam pellentesque nisi eget magna. Nam elementum sagittis magna. Nulla a tortor. Aenean lorem. Nulla facilisi. Mauris fermentum facilisis neque. Cras suscipit tristique lacus. Aenean accumsan dui sit amet augue. Aliquam vulputate dictum risus.

Aenean vehicula fermentum dui. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Nullam ligula enim, porttitor ut, aliquet non, hendrerit vel, ligula. Praesent mattis ultrices justo. Donec pellentesque arcu sed neque. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Mauris elementum convallis sapien. Vestibulum pretium, orci non hendrerit bibendum, nunc elit luctus nulla, vitae accumsan massa erat eu erat. Aenean cursus. Curabitur tortor magna, sollicitudin at, condimentum ac, consectetuer at, sapien. Phasellus eget erat. Phasellus eu orci. Fusce quis turpis. Donec vel diam a nisl molestie pulvinar. Nulla facilisi. Praesent commodo laoreet mauris.

Aliquam mauris. Cras vestibulum. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Etiam euismod nunc. Quisque luctus. Nunc hendrerit magna at sem. Vivamus dolor. Cras dui. Morbi tempus, nisi id imperdiet posuere, leo tortor lobortis dui, a scelerisque risus nibh vitae tortor. Praesent dapibus. Etiam at arcu eu mi hendrerit vulputate. Phasellus sollicitudin libero id dolor lobortis interdum.

Nullam iaculis convallis diam. Nulla facilisi. Fusce fringilla, leo quis adipiscing dictum, lorem leo pellentesque leo, vel euismod lectus nisi vel ligula. Sed orci velit, interdum ac, elementum in, iaculis ut, lacus. Nam nec ligula at magna hendrerit dictum. Sed adipiscing. Praesent risus dui, pulvinar vitae, mollis quis, vulputate at, velit. Sed sollicitudin ante non nisi. Quisque id libero viverra elit feugiat rhoncus. Quisque quam leo, malesuada in, tristique convallis, congue a, felis. Morbi mi dolor, ultrices in, imperdiet vel, varius ac, purus. Vestibulum non nulla quis orci lobortis pellentesque. Vivamus eu nisi at ipsum sagittis molestie. Maecenas rutrum, orci non scelerisque porta, pede sapien malesuada enim, sit amet pretium augue est at augue. Aliquam eros ipsum, ultricies quis, semper eu, fringilla eu, sapien. In imperdiet risus a enim. Donec facilisis nisi nec dolor. Proin interdum, sapien at condimentum auctor, massa nulla ultricies velit, a venenatis leo nibh quis dui. Morbi tellus. Morbi placerat nibh quis ipsum.

Nunc elementum rhoncus mauris. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Maecenas ornare purus ac erat. Cras erat enim, sodales nec, mattis vulputate, pellentesque nec, dolor. Sed commodo nisi ut elit. Suspendisse nibh. Nulla metus purus, pharetra non, varius sit amet, vestibulum eu, sem. Aenean nibh lorem, sollicitudin at, condimentum nec, interdum a, turpis. Aliquam eu elit. Etiam a felis. Vestibulum accumsan cursus lectus. Nulla vitae nibh. Donec vel turpis non neque pellentesque dictum. Praesent ac tellus sit amet libero lobortis laoreet. Nullam ante justo, pellentesque ut, porta et, tristique non, purus. Aliquam vitae purus. Maecenas ut quam. In pretium congue lacus.

Nulla facilisi. In orci est, posuere iaculis, faucibus sed, egestas vitae, dui. Mauris nec velit. Praesent elementum. Integer pharetra neque. Mauris odio sapien, pulvinar quis, malesuada nec, gravida nec, turpis. Donec tempus, lacus vel convallis vulputate, lacus sem scelerisque elit, sit amet sodales lacus mi ac lectus. Donec tristique ligula eu lectus. Nulla fringilla. Integer eu diam a arcu varius consectetuer.

Pellentesque tincidunt ornare ligula. Nam iaculis. Donec facilisis. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Ut a nulla. Quisque eros nisi, venenatis et, sagittis ac, dapibus vitae, sapien. Integer mattis placerat nisi. Sed magna erat, lobortis sit amet, vehicula sit amet, adipiscing sed, nisi. Etiam molestie nunc vel mi. Donec vulputate pretium est. Fusce nunc mi, ullamcorper vitae, tristique vitae, lobortis quis, tellus.

Nulla mi justo, imperdiet sit amet, posuere vitae, interdum eget, turpis. Donec a urna. Praesent ac risus in lacus sollicitudin convallis. Duis blandit placerat massa. Sed bibendum. Suspendisse nec risus ut urna dignissim dictum. Integer ut turpis id ante aliquet porttitor. Pellentesque vehicula. Maecenas aliquet egestas leo. Maecenas risus eros, pellentesque in, convallis in, mollis sed, turpis. Cras posuere. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Pellentesque felis. In lacus ipsum, interdum ac, dignissim venenatis, pretium a, massa. Suspendisse sed augue. Aenean tempor dapibus velit.

Suspendisse pede odio, tristique porta, viverra sed, adipiscing pharetra, turpis. Nulla laoreet erat. Curabitur ornare neque vel est. In semper risus in pede. Donec vestibulum est hendrerit sem. Cras hendrerit, urna at sagittis pretium, lorem lacus suscipit pede, a fringilla lorem leo id dui. Ut nibh felis, congue nec, molestie eu, cursus et, nulla. Morbi nec erat in urna auctor aliquam. In dapibus odio nec pede. Fusce iaculis leo in ligula.

Donec tortor sapien, dictum vitae, tempus nec, luctus eu, elit. Suspendisse potenti. In porta nibh. Aenean molestie sollicitudin odio. Aenean ac velit sit amet quam sagittis malesuada. Suspendisse a ligula. Mauris id arcu. Phasellus eros neque, sagittis in, gravida ac, viverra sed, dui. Nullam interdum congue lorem. Morbi nisl velit, iaculis quis, adipiscing quis, accumsan eu, enim. Pellentesque ipsum. Maecenas euismod aliquam arcu. Vestibulum condimentum massa sed augue. Sed imperdiet congue purus. Vestibulum mollis, quam id blandit sodales, tortor justo egestas dolor, non pellentesque nibh dolor elementum purus. Integer augue. Nunc dui est, sodales hendrerit, euismod ut, mollis ut, quam. Donec justo est, ultrices sed, pretium sed, malesuada ut, nulla. Donec id elit sed felis tristique pretium.

Phasellus pellentesque luctus tortor. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Fusce ut leo. Morbi felis. Nam lorem. Vestibulum elementum pellentesque metus. Sed nec odio. Nullam tempus tincidunt sapien. Ut lacinia diam ultricies orci vulputate tincidunt. Proin lorem nibh, facilisis et, condimentum ac, malesuada nec, odio. Maecenas sed augue eget diam malesuada molestie. Sed ac risus id urna scelerisque tristique. In at diam sit amet metus venenatis elementum. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Donec libero nisl, mollis vitae, rutrum ac, pretium ut, lacus. Integer vulputate gravida turpis. Donec mollis pede eu eros.

Quisque varius sodales ligula. Ut ut justo vel nisi sagittis rutrum. Praesent dignissim dolor non ipsum. Nullam iaculis blandit augue. Donec fermentum iaculis tellus. Donec euismod. Duis erat. Vivamus molestie, sem sit amet bibendum tempus, tortor eros accumsan sapien, a elementum urna orci nec nisi. Morbi tincidunt lacus ut nulla fringilla pharetra. Phasellus sollicitudin augue sit amet leo. Proin vitae leo sed odio lobortis euismod. Duis tortor arcu, pretium a, aliquet porttitor, blandit non, libero. Vestibulum vitae nisl vitae nisi facilisis pellentesque. Suspendisse potenti.

Morbi lacinia tortor id ligula. Nunc tempus metus vel magna. Cras in elit. Mauris scelerisque aliquam nisl. Donec accumsan. Mauris sagittis pharetra justo. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Suspendisse arcu orci, adipiscing ut, faucibus quis, condimentum at, ipsum. Proin velit augue, varius ac, placerat ornare, dignissim ultricies, nisl. Fusce sit amet lorem. Cras eu risus id enim fringilla accumsan. Cras aliquam porta lorem.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="12724">{{expand}}Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Cras ornare pede non nibh. Fusce blandit, tellus a tristique consectetuer, felis metus dapibus nibh, quis euismod ipsum augue sit amet est. Cras ipsum lorem, adipiscing sit amet, accumsan nec, posuere sed, neque. Integer semper, urna sit amet laoreet luctus, tellus nisi tristique risus, eget luctus nisl nisi non orci. Aenean quis enim. Praesent non turpis. Aliquam risus. Aenean adipiscing urna ac mi rutrum viverra. Etiam egestas libero. In aliquet dui posuere odio. Pellentesque turpis augue, mollis at, vulputate id, ornare in, augue. Aliquam lacinia molestie nibh. Vestibulum interdum, velit varius ultrices volutpat, turpis pede eleifend odio, eget ornare erat arcu id neque.

Aliquam nec tellus. Proin bibendum malesuada dui. Sed sit amet lorem. Nam adipiscing pretium diam. Etiam pellentesque est in ipsum. In orci dui, viverra ac, ornare nec, semper non, est. Phasellus ligula tortor, fermentum nec, rutrum ac, suscipit sit amet, lectus. Phasellus magna urna, vulputate sit amet, hendrerit quis, venenatis quis, risus. Ut rhoncus fringilla leo. Nunc sed eros eget est elementum congue. Nam et quam tempus sem posuere feugiat. Duis vestibulum enim vel velit. Aenean sagittis ullamcorper urna. Aenean libero sapien, imperdiet non, laoreet sit amet, rhoncus sed, magna. Ut lacus. Aliquam quis nisl. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Donec lacus nibh, dictum non, aliquam in, ultrices ornare, magna. Proin a elit.

Suspendisse vitae nulla vitae diam tincidunt vulputate. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Vivamus pharetra viverra nibh. Proin laoreet adipiscing augue. Vestibulum dolor. Maecenas leo justo, posuere sit amet, adipiscing at, porta sed, felis. Nunc pede lorem, mollis sed, ultrices ac, viverra ut, lorem. Mauris vestibulum. Phasellus porta, augue non aliquam ullamcorper, tortor massa luctus dolor, et lobortis justo justo ut tortor. Donec ultricies laoreet diam. Sed nec nulla vitae erat placerat mattis. Duis nulla magna, blandit pharetra, sagittis eget, fringilla sit amet, erat. Vestibulum pharetra mattis nulla. Nullam id lacus faucibus nulla rhoncus auctor. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Proin vitae urna ac felis porttitor iaculis.

Curabitur ligula dolor, porttitor sed, ullamcorper sed, consequat vel, massa. Aliquam erat volutpat. Mauris porta. Mauris aliquam diam ut urna. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Sed massa sem, tempor at, venenatis blandit, vehicula eu, magna. Morbi facilisis. Quisque eget sem. Sed ipsum. Donec tortor dolor, condimentum in, dignissim ut, imperdiet ut, dui. Etiam suscipit libero id est. Vivamus elementum aliquam ante. Curabitur dapibus. Praesent accumsan mollis libero. Aliquam at pede at dui ultrices rhoncus. Vestibulum eget neque. Praesent nec dui. Maecenas a nisi. Nam volutpat pede vel nibh.

In tristique. Aliquam orci. Praesent consequat ornare orci. Nam eu orci. Proin facilisis luctus sapien. Ut neque. Donec quis neque. Nullam augue felis, fringilla in, porttitor ut, condimentum id, est. Maecenas ante. Donec consectetuer dignissim lectus. Nulla id orci. Mauris suscipit erat ut mi. Quisque laoreet semper eros. Suspendisse pellentesque fringilla ante. Aenean ac ipsum. Nunc ultrices posuere orci. Phasellus vulputate tellus aliquam mauris. Curabitur sollicitudin fringilla sem. Vivamus blandit.

Duis pellentesque viverra eros. Maecenas tortor pede, tempor eu, pretium id, porttitor eget, lorem. Aliquam ac nulla ut augue sollicitudin pellentesque. Vestibulum tortor. Morbi ante dolor, fermentum vel, tristique vel, sagittis semper, nulla. Nam arcu massa, tempus id, eleifend quis, aliquet at, velit. Aliquam erat volutpat. Donec a turpis. In lacus lacus, scelerisque non, sagittis lobortis, congue et, odio. Donec faucibus, lectus eu imperdiet scelerisque, urna massa sagittis massa, fermentum sodales elit lacus sit amet neque. Donec condimentum tempor dolor. Ut luctus venenatis erat. Aliquam erat volutpat. Praesent volutpat enim id nulla. Nulla scelerisque congue sem. Cras accumsan velit ut nibh.

Aliquam suscipit, elit eget gravida malesuada, felis lorem adipiscing felis, ut iaculis leo metus a sapien. Nunc placerat tristique libero. Suspendisse sit amet lectus. Ut nunc felis, auctor vel, elementum vitae, dictum sit amet, justo. Integer euismod pellentesque nulla. Praesent a leo et nisl facilisis porttitor. Donec dictum nunc eget arcu. In cursus interdum sapien. Nulla facilisi. Quisque tristique sodales diam. Nullam libero tellus, vehicula vel, elementum eu, luctus ac, urna. Nulla ut risus ac arcu convallis condimentum. Nam a orci. Quisque diam. Nunc nisi magna, sollicitudin quis, consequat quis, vehicula id, risus. Donec cursus augue vitae pede. Donec ipsum tellus, sagittis eget, pharetra non, tristique ac, ipsum. Sed sapien. Mauris placerat. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae;

Proin pretium lacinia nisi. Duis vel lacus a elit imperdiet semper. Aliquam pellentesque nisi eget magna. Nam elementum sagittis magna. Nulla a tortor. Aenean lorem. Nulla facilisi. Mauris fermentum facilisis neque. Cras suscipit tristique lacus. Aenean accumsan dui sit amet augue. Aliquam vulputate dictum risus.

Aenean vehicula fermentum dui. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Nullam ligula enim, porttitor ut, aliquet non, hendrerit vel, ligula. Praesent mattis ultrices justo. Donec pellentesque arcu sed neque. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Mauris elementum convallis sapien. Vestibulum pretium, orci non hendrerit bibendum, nunc elit luctus nulla, vitae accumsan massa erat eu erat. Aenean cursus. Curabitur tortor magna, sollicitudin at, condimentum ac, consectetuer at, sapien. Phasellus eget erat. Phasellus eu orci. Fusce quis turpis. Donec vel diam a nisl molestie pulvinar. Nulla facilisi. Praesent commodo laoreet mauris.

Aliquam mauris. Cras vestibulum. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Etiam euismod nunc. Quisque luctus. Nunc hendrerit magna at sem. Vivamus dolor. Cras dui. Morbi tempus, nisi id imperdiet posuere, leo tortor lobortis dui, a scelerisque risus nibh vitae tortor. Praesent dapibus. Etiam at arcu eu mi hendrerit vulputate. Phasellus sollicitudin libero id dolor lobortis interdum.

Nullam iaculis convallis diam. Nulla facilisi. Fusce fringilla, leo quis adipiscing dictum, lorem leo pellentesque leo, vel euismod lectus nisi vel ligula. Sed orci velit, interdum ac, elementum in, iaculis ut, lacus. Nam nec ligula at magna hendrerit dictum. Sed adipiscing. Praesent risus dui, pulvinar vitae, mollis quis, vulputate at, velit. Sed sollicitudin ante non nisi. Quisque id libero viverra elit feugiat rhoncus. Quisque quam leo, malesuada in, tristique convallis, congue a, felis. Morbi mi dolor, ultrices in, imperdiet vel, varius ac, purus. Vestibulum non nulla quis orci lobortis pellentesque. Vivamus eu nisi at ipsum sagittis molestie. Maecenas rutrum, orci non scelerisque porta, pede sapien malesuada enim, sit amet pretium augue est at augue. Aliquam eros ipsum, ultricies quis, semper eu, fringilla eu, sapien. In imperdiet risus a enim. Donec facilisis nisi nec dolor. Proin interdum, sapien at condimentum auctor, massa nulla ultricies velit, a venenatis leo nibh quis dui. Morbi tellus. Morbi placerat nibh quis ipsum.

Nunc elementum rhoncus mauris. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Maecenas ornare purus ac erat. Cras erat enim, sodales nec, mattis vulputate, pellentesque nec, dolor. Sed commodo nisi ut elit. Suspendisse nibh. Nulla metus purus, pharetra non, varius sit amet, vestibulum eu, sem. Aenean nibh lorem, sollicitudin at, condimentum nec, interdum a, turpis. Aliquam eu elit. Etiam a felis. Vestibulum accumsan cursus lectus. Nulla vitae nibh. Donec vel turpis non neque pellentesque dictum. Praesent ac tellus sit amet libero lobortis laoreet. Nullam ante justo, pellentesque ut, porta et, tristique non, purus. Aliquam vitae purus. Maecenas ut quam. In pretium congue lacus.

Nulla facilisi. In orci est, posuere iaculis, faucibus sed, egestas vitae, dui. Mauris nec velit. Praesent elementum. Integer pharetra neque. Mauris odio sapien, pulvinar quis, malesuada nec, gravida nec, turpis. Donec tempus, lacus vel convallis vulputate, lacus sem scelerisque elit, sit amet sodales lacus mi ac lectus. Donec tristique ligula eu lectus. Nulla fringilla. Integer eu diam a arcu varius consectetuer.

Pellentesque tincidunt ornare ligula. Nam iaculis. Donec facilisis. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Ut a nulla. Quisque eros nisi, venenatis et, sagittis ac, dapibus vitae, sapien. Integer mattis placerat nisi. Sed magna erat, lobortis sit amet, vehicula sit amet, adipiscing sed, nisi. Etiam molestie nunc vel mi. Donec vulputate pretium est. Fusce nunc mi, ullamcorper vitae, tristique vitae, lobortis quis, tellus.

Nulla mi justo, imperdiet sit amet, posuere vitae, interdum eget, turpis. Donec a urna. Praesent ac risus in lacus sollicitudin convallis. Duis blandit placerat massa. Sed bibendum. Suspendisse nec risus ut urna dignissim dictum. Integer ut turpis id ante aliquet porttitor. Pellentesque vehicula. Maecenas aliquet egestas leo. Maecenas risus eros, pellentesque in, convallis in, mollis sed, turpis. Cras posuere. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Pellentesque felis. In lacus ipsum, interdum ac, dignissim venenatis, pretium a, massa. Suspendisse sed augue. Aenean tempor dapibus velit.

Suspendisse pede odio, tristique porta, viverra sed, adipiscing pharetra, turpis. Nulla laoreet erat. Curabitur ornare neque vel est. In semper risus in pede. Donec vestibulum est hendrerit sem. Cras hendrerit, urna at sagittis pretium, lorem lacus suscipit pede, a fringilla lorem leo id dui. Ut nibh felis, congue nec, molestie eu, cursus et, nulla. Morbi nec erat in urna auctor aliquam. In dapibus odio nec pede. Fusce iaculis leo in ligula.

Donec tortor sapien, dictum vitae, tempus nec, luctus eu, elit. Suspendisse potenti. In porta nibh. Aenean molestie sollicitudin odio. Aenean ac velit sit amet quam sagittis malesuada. Suspendisse a ligula. Mauris id arcu. Phasellus eros neque, sagittis in, gravida ac, viverra sed, dui. Nullam interdum congue lorem. Morbi nisl velit, iaculis quis, adipiscing quis, accumsan eu, enim. Pellentesque ipsum. Maecenas euismod aliquam arcu. Vestibulum condimentum massa sed augue. Sed imperdiet congue purus. Vestibulum mollis, quam id blandit sodales, tortor justo egestas dolor, non pellentesque nibh dolor elementum purus. Integer augue. Nunc dui est, sodales hendrerit, euismod ut, mollis ut, quam. Donec justo est, ultrices sed, pretium sed, malesuada ut, nulla. Donec id elit sed felis tristique pretium.

Phasellus pellentesque luctus tortor. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Fusce ut leo. Morbi felis. Nam lorem. Vestibulum elementum pellentesque metus. Sed nec odio. Nullam tempus tincidunt sapien. Ut lacinia diam ultricies orci vulputate tincidunt. Proin lorem nibh, facilisis et, condimentum ac, malesuada nec, odio. Maecenas sed augue eget diam malesuada molestie. Sed ac risus id urna scelerisque tristique. In at diam sit amet metus venenatis elementum. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Donec libero nisl, mollis vitae, rutrum ac, pretium ut, lacus. Integer vulputate gravida turpis. Donec mollis pede eu eros.

Quisque varius sodales ligula. Ut ut justo vel nisi sagittis rutrum. Praesent dignissim dolor non ipsum. Nullam iaculis blandit augue. Donec fermentum iaculis tellus. Donec euismod. Duis erat. Vivamus molestie, sem sit amet bibendum tempus, tortor eros accumsan sapien, a elementum urna orci nec nisi. Morbi tincidunt lacus ut nulla fringilla pharetra. Phasellus sollicitudin augue sit amet leo. Proin vitae leo sed odio lobortis euismod. Duis tortor arcu, pretium a, aliquet porttitor, blandit non, libero. Vestibulum vitae nisl vitae nisi facilisis pellentesque. Suspendisse potenti.

Morbi lacinia tortor id ligula. Nunc tempus metus vel magna. Cras in elit. Mauris scelerisque aliquam nisl. Donec accumsan. Mauris sagittis pharetra justo. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Suspendisse arcu orci, adipiscing ut, faucibus quis, condimentum at, ipsum. Proin velit augue, varius ac, placerat ornare, dignissim ultricies, nisl. Fusce sit amet lorem. Cras eu risus id enim fringilla accumsan. Cras aliquam porta lorem.</text>
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Aliquam nec tellus. Proin bibendum malesuada dui. Sed sit amet lorem. Nam adipiscing pretium diam. Etiam pellentesque est in ipsum. In orci dui, viverra ac, ornare nec, semper non, est. Phasellus ligula tortor, fermentum nec, rutrum ac, suscipit sit amet, lectus. Phasellus magna urna, vulputate sit amet, hendrerit quis, venenatis quis, risus. Ut rhoncus fringilla leo. Nunc sed eros eget est elementum congue. Nam et quam tempus sem posuere feugiat. Duis vestibulum enim vel velit. Aenean sagittis ullamcorper urna. Aenean libero sapien, imperdiet non, laoreet sit amet, rhoncus sed, magna. Ut lacus. Aliquam quis nisl. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Donec lacus nibh, dictum non, aliquam in, ultrices ornare, magna. Proin a elit.

Suspendisse vitae nulla vitae diam tincidunt vulputate. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Vivamus pharetra viverra nibh. Proin laoreet adipiscing augue. Vestibulum dolor. Maecenas leo justo, posuere sit amet, adipiscing at, porta sed, felis. Nunc pede lorem, mollis sed, ultrices ac, viverra ut, lorem. Mauris vestibulum. Phasellus porta, augue non aliquam ullamcorper, tortor massa luctus dolor, et lobortis justo justo ut tortor. Donec ultricies laoreet diam. Sed nec nulla vitae erat placerat mattis. Duis nulla magna, blandit pharetra, sagittis eget, fringilla sit amet, erat. Vestibulum pharetra mattis nulla. Nullam id lacus faucibus nulla rhoncus auctor. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Proin vitae urna ac felis porttitor iaculis.

Curabitur ligula dolor, porttitor sed, ullamcorper sed, consequat vel, massa. Aliquam erat volutpat. Mauris porta. Mauris aliquam diam ut urna. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Sed massa sem, tempor at, venenatis blandit, vehicula eu, magna. Morbi facilisis. Quisque eget sem. Sed ipsum. Donec tortor dolor, condimentum in, dignissim ut, imperdiet ut, dui. Etiam suscipit libero id est. Vivamus elementum aliquam ante. Curabitur dapibus. Praesent accumsan mollis libero. Aliquam at pede at dui ultrices rhoncus. Vestibulum eget neque. Praesent nec dui. Maecenas a nisi. Nam volutpat pede vel nibh.

In tristique. Aliquam orci. Praesent consequat ornare orci. Nam eu orci. Proin facilisis luctus sapien. Ut neque. Donec quis neque. Nullam augue felis, fringilla in, porttitor ut, condimentum id, est. Maecenas ante. Donec consectetuer dignissim lectus. Nulla id orci. Mauris suscipit erat ut mi. Quisque laoreet semper eros. Suspendisse pellentesque fringilla ante. Aenean ac ipsum. Nunc ultrices posuere orci. Phasellus vulputate tellus aliquam mauris. Curabitur sollicitudin fringilla sem. Vivamus blandit.

Duis pellentesque viverra eros. Maecenas tortor pede, tempor eu, pretium id, porttitor eget, lorem. Aliquam ac nulla ut augue sollicitudin pellentesque. Vestibulum tortor. Morbi ante dolor, fermentum vel, tristique vel, sagittis semper, nulla. Nam arcu massa, tempus id, eleifend quis, aliquet at, velit. Aliquam erat volutpat. Donec a turpis. In lacus lacus, scelerisque non, sagittis lobortis, congue et, odio. Donec faucibus, lectus eu imperdiet scelerisque, urna massa sagittis massa, fermentum sodales elit lacus sit amet neque. Donec condimentum tempor dolor. Ut luctus venenatis erat. Aliquam erat volutpat. Praesent volutpat enim id nulla. Nulla scelerisque congue sem. Cras accumsan velit ut nibh.

Aliquam suscipit, elit eget gravida malesuada, felis lorem adipiscing felis, ut iaculis leo metus a sapien. Nunc placerat tristique libero. Suspendisse sit amet lectus. Ut nunc felis, auctor vel, elementum vitae, dictum sit amet, justo. Integer euismod pellentesque nulla. Praesent a leo et nisl facilisis porttitor. Donec dictum nunc eget arcu. In cursus interdum sapien. Nulla facilisi. Quisque tristique sodales diam. Nullam libero tellus, vehicula vel, elementum eu, luctus ac, urna. Nulla ut risus ac arcu convallis condimentum. Nam a orci. Quisque diam. Nunc nisi magna, sollicitudin quis, consequat quis, vehicula id, risus. Donec cursus augue vitae pede. Donec ipsum tellus, sagittis eget, pharetra non, tristique ac, ipsum. Sed sapien. Mauris placerat. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae;

Proin pretium lacinia nisi. Duis vel lacus a elit imperdiet semper. Aliquam pellentesque nisi eget magna. Nam elementum sagittis magna. Nulla a tortor. Aenean lorem. Nulla facilisi. Mauris fermentum facilisis neque. Cras suscipit tristique lacus. Aenean accumsan dui sit amet augue. Aliquam vulputate dictum risus.

Aenean vehicula fermentum dui. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Nullam ligula enim, porttitor ut, aliquet non, hendrerit vel, ligula. Praesent mattis ultrices justo. Donec pellentesque arcu sed neque. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Mauris elementum convallis sapien. Vestibulum pretium, orci non hendrerit bibendum, nunc elit luctus nulla, vitae accumsan massa erat eu erat. Aenean cursus. Curabitur tortor magna, sollicitudin at, condimentum ac, consectetuer at, sapien. Phasellus eget erat. Phasellus eu orci. Fusce quis turpis. Donec vel diam a nisl molestie pulvinar. Nulla facilisi. Praesent commodo laoreet mauris.

Aliquam mauris. Cras vestibulum. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Etiam euismod nunc. Quisque luctus. Nunc hendrerit magna at sem. Vivamus dolor. Cras dui. Morbi tempus, nisi id imperdiet posuere, leo tortor lobortis dui, a scelerisque risus nibh vitae tortor. Praesent dapibus. Etiam at arcu eu mi hendrerit vulputate. Phasellus sollicitudin libero id dolor lobortis interdum.

Nullam iaculis convallis diam. Nulla facilisi. Fusce fringilla, leo quis adipiscing dictum, lorem leo pellentesque leo, vel euismod lectus nisi vel ligula. Sed orci velit, interdum ac, elementum in, iaculis ut, lacus. Nam nec ligula at magna hendrerit dictum. Sed adipiscing. Praesent risus dui, pulvinar vitae, mollis quis, vulputate at, velit. Sed sollicitudin ante non nisi. Quisque id libero viverra elit feugiat rhoncus. Quisque quam leo, malesuada in, tristique convallis, congue a, felis. Morbi mi dolor, ultrices in, imperdiet vel, varius ac, purus. Vestibulum non nulla quis orci lobortis pellentesque. Vivamus eu nisi at ipsum sagittis molestie. Maecenas rutrum, orci non scelerisque porta, pede sapien malesuada enim, sit amet pretium augue est at augue. Aliquam eros ipsum, ultricies quis, semper eu, fringilla eu, sapien. In imperdiet risus a enim. Donec facilisis nisi nec dolor. Proin interdum, sapien at condimentum auctor, massa nulla ultricies velit, a venenatis leo nibh quis dui. Morbi tellus. Morbi placerat nibh quis ipsum.

Nunc elementum rhoncus mauris. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Maecenas ornare purus ac erat. Cras erat enim, sodales nec, mattis vulputate, pellentesque nec, dolor. Sed commodo nisi ut elit. Suspendisse nibh. Nulla metus purus, pharetra non, varius sit amet, vestibulum eu, sem. Aenean nibh lorem, sollicitudin at, condimentum nec, interdum a, turpis. Aliquam eu elit. Etiam a felis. Vestibulum accumsan cursus lectus. Nulla vitae nibh. Donec vel turpis non neque pellentesque dictum. Praesent ac tellus sit amet libero lobortis laoreet. Nullam ante justo, pellentesque ut, porta et, tristique non, purus. Aliquam vitae purus. Maecenas ut quam. In pretium congue lacus.

Nulla facilisi. In orci est, posuere iaculis, faucibus sed, egestas vitae, dui. Mauris nec velit. Praesent elementum. Integer pharetra neque. Mauris odio sapien, pulvinar quis, malesuada nec, gravida nec, turpis. Donec tempus, lacus vel convallis vulputate, lacus sem scelerisque elit, sit amet sodales lacus mi ac lectus. Donec tristique ligula eu lectus. Nulla fringilla. Integer eu diam a arcu varius consectetuer.

Pellentesque tincidunt ornare ligula. Nam iaculis. Donec facilisis. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Ut a nulla. Quisque eros nisi, venenatis et, sagittis ac, dapibus vitae, sapien. Integer mattis placerat nisi. Sed magna erat, lobortis sit amet, vehicula sit amet, adipiscing sed, nisi. Etiam molestie nunc vel mi. Donec vulputate pretium est. Fusce nunc mi, ullamcorper vitae, tristique vitae, lobortis quis, tellus.

Nulla mi justo, imperdiet sit amet, posuere vitae, interdum eget, turpis. Donec a urna. Praesent ac risus in lacus sollicitudin convallis. Duis blandit placerat massa. Sed bibendum. Suspendisse nec risus ut urna dignissim dictum. Integer ut turpis id ante aliquet porttitor. Pellentesque vehicula. Maecenas aliquet egestas leo. Maecenas risus eros, pellentesque in, convallis in, mollis sed, turpis. Cras posuere. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Pellentesque felis. In lacus ipsum, interdum ac, dignissim venenatis, pretium a, massa. Suspendisse sed augue. Aenean tempor dapibus velit.

Suspendisse pede odio, tristique porta, viverra sed, adipiscing pharetra, turpis. Nulla laoreet erat. Curabitur ornare neque vel est. In semper risus in pede. Donec vestibulum est hendrerit sem. Cras hendrerit, urna at sagittis pretium, lorem lacus suscipit pede, a fringilla lorem leo id dui. Ut nibh felis, congue nec, molestie eu, cursus et, nulla. Morbi nec erat in urna auctor aliquam. In dapibus odio nec pede. Fusce iaculis leo in ligula.

Donec tortor sapien, dictum vitae, tempus nec, luctus eu, elit. Suspendisse potenti. In porta nibh. Aenean molestie sollicitudin odio. Aenean ac velit sit amet quam sagittis malesuada. Suspendisse a ligula. Mauris id arcu. Phasellus eros neque, sagittis in, gravida ac, viverra sed, dui. Nullam interdum congue lorem. Morbi nisl velit, iaculis quis, adipiscing quis, accumsan eu, enim. Pellentesque ipsum. Maecenas euismod aliquam arcu. Vestibulum condimentum massa sed augue. Sed imperdiet congue purus. Vestibulum mollis, quam id blandit sodales, tortor justo egestas dolor, non pellentesque nibh dolor elementum purus. Integer augue. Nunc dui est, sodales hendrerit, euismod ut, mollis ut, quam. Donec justo est, ultrices sed, pretium sed, malesuada ut, nulla. Donec id elit sed felis tristique pretium.

Phasellus pellentesque luctus tortor. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Fusce ut leo. Morbi felis. Nam lorem. Vestibulum elementum pellentesque metus. Sed nec odio. Nullam tempus tincidunt sapien. Ut lacinia diam ultricies orci vulputate tincidunt. Proin lorem nibh, facilisis et, condimentum ac, malesuada nec, odio. Maecenas sed augue eget diam malesuada molestie. Sed ac risus id urna scelerisque tristique. In at diam sit amet metus venenatis elementum. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Donec libero nisl, mollis vitae, rutrum ac, pretium ut, lacus. Integer vulputate gravida turpis. Donec mollis pede eu eros.

Quisque varius sodales ligula. Ut ut justo vel nisi sagittis rutrum. Praesent dignissim dolor non ipsum. Nullam iaculis blandit augue. Donec fermentum iaculis tellus. Donec euismod. Duis erat. Vivamus molestie, sem sit amet bibendum tempus, tortor eros accumsan sapien, a elementum urna orci nec nisi. Morbi tincidunt lacus ut nulla fringilla pharetra. Phasellus sollicitudin augue sit amet leo. Proin vitae leo sed odio lobortis euismod. Duis tortor arcu, pretium a, aliquet porttitor, blandit non, libero. Vestibulum vitae nisl vitae nisi facilisis pellentesque. Suspendisse potenti.

Morbi lacinia tortor id ligula. Nunc tempus metus vel magna. Cras in elit. Mauris scelerisque aliquam nisl. Donec accumsan. Mauris sagittis pharetra justo. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Suspendisse arcu orci, adipiscing ut, faucibus quis, condimentum at, ipsum. Proin velit augue, varius ac, placerat ornare, dignissim ultricies, nisl. Fusce sit amet lorem. Cras eu risus id enim fringilla accumsan. Cras aliquam porta lorem.

[[Category:Taxonomy| ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1118</id>
      <parentid>1117</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T07:54:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>category correction</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="12750">{{expand}}Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Cras ornare pede non nibh. Fusce blandit, tellus a tristique consectetuer, felis metus dapibus nibh, quis euismod ipsum augue sit amet est. Cras ipsum lorem, adipiscing sit amet, accumsan nec, posuere sed, neque. Integer semper, urna sit amet laoreet luctus, tellus nisi tristique risus, eget luctus nisl nisi non orci. Aenean quis enim. Praesent non turpis. Aliquam risus. Aenean adipiscing urna ac mi rutrum viverra. Etiam egestas libero. In aliquet dui posuere odio. Pellentesque turpis augue, mollis at, vulputate id, ornare in, augue. Aliquam lacinia molestie nibh. Vestibulum interdum, velit varius ultrices volutpat, turpis pede eleifend odio, eget ornare erat arcu id neque.

Aliquam nec tellus. Proin bibendum malesuada dui. Sed sit amet lorem. Nam adipiscing pretium diam. Etiam pellentesque est in ipsum. In orci dui, viverra ac, ornare nec, semper non, est. Phasellus ligula tortor, fermentum nec, rutrum ac, suscipit sit amet, lectus. Phasellus magna urna, vulputate sit amet, hendrerit quis, venenatis quis, risus. Ut rhoncus fringilla leo. Nunc sed eros eget est elementum congue. Nam et quam tempus sem posuere feugiat. Duis vestibulum enim vel velit. Aenean sagittis ullamcorper urna. Aenean libero sapien, imperdiet non, laoreet sit amet, rhoncus sed, magna. Ut lacus. Aliquam quis nisl. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Donec lacus nibh, dictum non, aliquam in, ultrices ornare, magna. Proin a elit.

Suspendisse vitae nulla vitae diam tincidunt vulputate. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Vivamus pharetra viverra nibh. Proin laoreet adipiscing augue. Vestibulum dolor. Maecenas leo justo, posuere sit amet, adipiscing at, porta sed, felis. Nunc pede lorem, mollis sed, ultrices ac, viverra ut, lorem. Mauris vestibulum. Phasellus porta, augue non aliquam ullamcorper, tortor massa luctus dolor, et lobortis justo justo ut tortor. Donec ultricies laoreet diam. Sed nec nulla vitae erat placerat mattis. Duis nulla magna, blandit pharetra, sagittis eget, fringilla sit amet, erat. Vestibulum pharetra mattis nulla. Nullam id lacus faucibus nulla rhoncus auctor. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Proin vitae urna ac felis porttitor iaculis.

Curabitur ligula dolor, porttitor sed, ullamcorper sed, consequat vel, massa. Aliquam erat volutpat. Mauris porta. Mauris aliquam diam ut urna. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Sed massa sem, tempor at, venenatis blandit, vehicula eu, magna. Morbi facilisis. Quisque eget sem. Sed ipsum. Donec tortor dolor, condimentum in, dignissim ut, imperdiet ut, dui. Etiam suscipit libero id est. Vivamus elementum aliquam ante. Curabitur dapibus. Praesent accumsan mollis libero. Aliquam at pede at dui ultrices rhoncus. Vestibulum eget neque. Praesent nec dui. Maecenas a nisi. Nam volutpat pede vel nibh.

In tristique. Aliquam orci. Praesent consequat ornare orci. Nam eu orci. Proin facilisis luctus sapien. Ut neque. Donec quis neque. Nullam augue felis, fringilla in, porttitor ut, condimentum id, est. Maecenas ante. Donec consectetuer dignissim lectus. Nulla id orci. Mauris suscipit erat ut mi. Quisque laoreet semper eros. Suspendisse pellentesque fringilla ante. Aenean ac ipsum. Nunc ultrices posuere orci. Phasellus vulputate tellus aliquam mauris. Curabitur sollicitudin fringilla sem. Vivamus blandit.

Duis pellentesque viverra eros. Maecenas tortor pede, tempor eu, pretium id, porttitor eget, lorem. Aliquam ac nulla ut augue sollicitudin pellentesque. Vestibulum tortor. Morbi ante dolor, fermentum vel, tristique vel, sagittis semper, nulla. Nam arcu massa, tempus id, eleifend quis, aliquet at, velit. Aliquam erat volutpat. Donec a turpis. In lacus lacus, scelerisque non, sagittis lobortis, congue et, odio. Donec faucibus, lectus eu imperdiet scelerisque, urna massa sagittis massa, fermentum sodales elit lacus sit amet neque. Donec condimentum tempor dolor. Ut luctus venenatis erat. Aliquam erat volutpat. Praesent volutpat enim id nulla. Nulla scelerisque congue sem. Cras accumsan velit ut nibh.

Aliquam suscipit, elit eget gravida malesuada, felis lorem adipiscing felis, ut iaculis leo metus a sapien. Nunc placerat tristique libero. Suspendisse sit amet lectus. Ut nunc felis, auctor vel, elementum vitae, dictum sit amet, justo. Integer euismod pellentesque nulla. Praesent a leo et nisl facilisis porttitor. Donec dictum nunc eget arcu. In cursus interdum sapien. Nulla facilisi. Quisque tristique sodales diam. Nullam libero tellus, vehicula vel, elementum eu, luctus ac, urna. Nulla ut risus ac arcu convallis condimentum. Nam a orci. Quisque diam. Nunc nisi magna, sollicitudin quis, consequat quis, vehicula id, risus. Donec cursus augue vitae pede. Donec ipsum tellus, sagittis eget, pharetra non, tristique ac, ipsum. Sed sapien. Mauris placerat. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae;

Proin pretium lacinia nisi. Duis vel lacus a elit imperdiet semper. Aliquam pellentesque nisi eget magna. Nam elementum sagittis magna. Nulla a tortor. Aenean lorem. Nulla facilisi. Mauris fermentum facilisis neque. Cras suscipit tristique lacus. Aenean accumsan dui sit amet augue. Aliquam vulputate dictum risus.

Aenean vehicula fermentum dui. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Nullam ligula enim, porttitor ut, aliquet non, hendrerit vel, ligula. Praesent mattis ultrices justo. Donec pellentesque arcu sed neque. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Mauris elementum convallis sapien. Vestibulum pretium, orci non hendrerit bibendum, nunc elit luctus nulla, vitae accumsan massa erat eu erat. Aenean cursus. Curabitur tortor magna, sollicitudin at, condimentum ac, consectetuer at, sapien. Phasellus eget erat. Phasellus eu orci. Fusce quis turpis. Donec vel diam a nisl molestie pulvinar. Nulla facilisi. Praesent commodo laoreet mauris.

Aliquam mauris. Cras vestibulum. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Etiam euismod nunc. Quisque luctus. Nunc hendrerit magna at sem. Vivamus dolor. Cras dui. Morbi tempus, nisi id imperdiet posuere, leo tortor lobortis dui, a scelerisque risus nibh vitae tortor. Praesent dapibus. Etiam at arcu eu mi hendrerit vulputate. Phasellus sollicitudin libero id dolor lobortis interdum.

Nullam iaculis convallis diam. Nulla facilisi. Fusce fringilla, leo quis adipiscing dictum, lorem leo pellentesque leo, vel euismod lectus nisi vel ligula. Sed orci velit, interdum ac, elementum in, iaculis ut, lacus. Nam nec ligula at magna hendrerit dictum. Sed adipiscing. Praesent risus dui, pulvinar vitae, mollis quis, vulputate at, velit. Sed sollicitudin ante non nisi. Quisque id libero viverra elit feugiat rhoncus. Quisque quam leo, malesuada in, tristique convallis, congue a, felis. Morbi mi dolor, ultrices in, imperdiet vel, varius ac, purus. Vestibulum non nulla quis orci lobortis pellentesque. Vivamus eu nisi at ipsum sagittis molestie. Maecenas rutrum, orci non scelerisque porta, pede sapien malesuada enim, sit amet pretium augue est at augue. Aliquam eros ipsum, ultricies quis, semper eu, fringilla eu, sapien. In imperdiet risus a enim. Donec facilisis nisi nec dolor. Proin interdum, sapien at condimentum auctor, massa nulla ultricies velit, a venenatis leo nibh quis dui. Morbi tellus. Morbi placerat nibh quis ipsum.

Nunc elementum rhoncus mauris. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Maecenas ornare purus ac erat. Cras erat enim, sodales nec, mattis vulputate, pellentesque nec, dolor. Sed commodo nisi ut elit. Suspendisse nibh. Nulla metus purus, pharetra non, varius sit amet, vestibulum eu, sem. Aenean nibh lorem, sollicitudin at, condimentum nec, interdum a, turpis. Aliquam eu elit. Etiam a felis. Vestibulum accumsan cursus lectus. Nulla vitae nibh. Donec vel turpis non neque pellentesque dictum. Praesent ac tellus sit amet libero lobortis laoreet. Nullam ante justo, pellentesque ut, porta et, tristique non, purus. Aliquam vitae purus. Maecenas ut quam. In pretium congue lacus.

Nulla facilisi. In orci est, posuere iaculis, faucibus sed, egestas vitae, dui. Mauris nec velit. Praesent elementum. Integer pharetra neque. Mauris odio sapien, pulvinar quis, malesuada nec, gravida nec, turpis. Donec tempus, lacus vel convallis vulputate, lacus sem scelerisque elit, sit amet sodales lacus mi ac lectus. Donec tristique ligula eu lectus. Nulla fringilla. Integer eu diam a arcu varius consectetuer.

Pellentesque tincidunt ornare ligula. Nam iaculis. Donec facilisis. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Ut a nulla. Quisque eros nisi, venenatis et, sagittis ac, dapibus vitae, sapien. Integer mattis placerat nisi. Sed magna erat, lobortis sit amet, vehicula sit amet, adipiscing sed, nisi. Etiam molestie nunc vel mi. Donec vulputate pretium est. Fusce nunc mi, ullamcorper vitae, tristique vitae, lobortis quis, tellus.

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[[Category:Scyphozoa| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Community Portal</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>146</id>
    <revision>
      <id>647</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T01:59:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;/h1&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;font-size:120%; margin-bottom:10px; text-align:left; padding-right:5%; line-height:150%; color:#222; padding-left:5px;&quot;&gt;Welcome to the community portal. This is the place...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="431">&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:120%; margin-bottom:10px; text-align:left; padding-right:5%; line-height:150%; color:#222; padding-left:5px;&quot;&gt;Welcome to the community portal. This is the place to find out what is happening on Wikipedia. Learn what tasks need to be done, what groups there are to join, and share news about recent events or current activities taking place on Wikipedia.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>648</id>
      <parentid>647</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:03:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="253">Welcome to the community portal. This is the place to find out what is happening on The Scyphozoan. Learn what tasks need to be done, what groups there are to join, and share news about recent events or current activities taking place on The Scyphozoan.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1072</id>
      <parentid>648</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-07-17T22:58:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1963">Welcome to the community portal. During the 3rd Jellyfish Blooms conference in Mar del Plata, 14-16 July 2010, an initiative began to increase coordination of research across the community.  The goal is to rapidly collect data to answer major questions about or involving jellyfish.  Below is an incomplete shortlist of areas considered for priority initiatives.  Please add additional initiatives or comment on existing initiatives, add your name to express interest in contributing to one or more of initiatives.  As the ideas coalesce, we will begin to convert the list into one or more grant proposals with broad community involvement.

M

===


Phylogeny
Coordinate efforts among multiple labs to sequence the same loci from as many species as possible in Scyphozoa (resampling geographically and temporally to detect cryptic species).

Ecology
Shortlist of environmental and biological variables to describe in as many populations as possible to answer questions of which jellyfish 'outbreak' in what circumstances.

Evolutionary Ecology
- Regional labs sequence 3 specimens per species per location sent by ecologists working in field.

 
the proposal might promote new ecological and taxonomic studies globally in a way that supports each person's research interests, promotes collective goals, and builds on existing initiatives; products could include training, building out databases, establishing a jellyfish society, etc.  Regarding personnel - the address list for this message is an ad hoc mix of NCEAS workshop &amp; 3rd symposium participants and is incomplete - the project should be as inclusive as possible while being sensitive to budget constraints. (If funded, this project should precipitate further funding, for example, NSF has grants that potentially could support participation of tens of US students in the next couple of Jellyfish Blooms Symposia - which frees up other resources to be directed to support students from other countries).</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1073</id>
      <parentid>1072</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-07-17T23:15:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1712">Welcome to the community portal. During the 3rd Jellyfish Blooms conference in Mar del Plata, 14-16 July 2010, an initiative began to increase coordination of research across the community.  The goal is to rapidly collect data to answer major questions about or involving jellyfish.  Below is an incomplete shortlist of areas considered for priority initiatives.  Please add additional initiatives or comment on existing initiatives, add your name to express interest in contributing to one or more of initiatives.  As the ideas coalesce, we will begin to convert the list into one or more grant proposals with broad community involvement.

M

=Priority Areas=


==Phylogeny==
Coordinate efforts among multiple labs to generate as complete phylogeny of jellyfish (Scyphozoa, Ctenophores, Hydromedusae and siphonophores) as possible.
Needs:
- specimens (as many species as possible) preserved in ethanol and formalin 
  -- priority list of target taxa; resample geographically and temporally to detect cryptic species
- list of target loci 
  -- COI, 16S, 28S, 18S, CaM ...


==Ecology==
Shortlist of environmental and biological variables to describe in as many populations as possible to answer questions of which jellyfish 'outbreak' in what circumstances.
1.  What causes outbreaks?
  - overfishing
  - translocations  (see Ecology #1)
  - eutrophication 
  - habitat modification (coastal development)
  - climate change


==Ecology ==
- #1 Regional labs sequence 3 specimens per species per location sent by ecologists working in field.


==Polyps==
Find and study polyps in the wild.


==Jellyfish Society==
Establish a scientific society to support the efforts started by the jellyfish blooms conferences.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1074</id>
      <parentid>1073</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-07-17T23:23:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1995">Welcome to the community portal. During the 3rd Jellyfish Blooms conference in Mar del Plata, 14-16 July 2010, an initiative began to increase coordination of research across the community.  The goal is to rapidly collect data to answer major questions about or involving jellyfish.  Below is an incomplete shortlist of areas considered for priority initiatives.  Please add additional initiatives or comment on existing initiatives, add your name to express interest in contributing to one or more of initiatives or to contribute or coordinate a regional node (or global node for proposals to your funding agency).  As the ideas coalesce, we will begin to convert the list into one or more grant proposals with broad community involvement.

M

=Priority Areas=


==Phylogeny==
Coordinate efforts among multiple labs to generate as complete phylogeny of jellyfish (Scyphozoa, Ctenophores, Hydromedusae and siphonophores) as possible.
Needs:
- specimens (as many species as possible) preserved in ethanol and formalin 
  -- priority list of target taxa; resample geographically and temporally to detect cryptic species
- list of target loci 
  -- COI, 16S, 28S, 18S, CaM ...


==Ecology==
Shortlist of environmental and biological variables to describe in as many populations as possible to answer questions of which jellyfish 'outbreak' in what circumstances.
1.  What causes outbreaks?
  - overfishing
  - translocations  (see Ecology #1)
  - eutrophication 
  - habitat modification (coastal development)
  - climate change


==Ecology ==
- #1 Regional labs sequence 3 specimens per species per location sent by ecologists working in field.


==Polyps==
Find and study polyps in the wild.


==Jellyfish Society==
Establish a scientific society to support the efforts started by the jellyfish blooms conferences.



=Structure=

==Global node (for usa nsf proposals)==
UC Merced (Dawson)


==Regional nodes==
USA west coast (California &amp; Baja California &amp; western Mexico) - Dawson, Gomez Daglio</text>
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      <timestamp>2010-07-18T03:18:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2028">Welcome to the community portal. During the 3rd Jellyfish Blooms conference in Mar del Plata, 14-16 July 2010, an initiative began to increase coordination of research across the community.  The goal is to rapidly collect data to answer major questions about or involving jellyfish.  Below is an incomplete shortlist of areas considered for priority initiatives.  Please add additional initiatives or comment on existing initiatives, add your name to express interest in contributing to one or more of initiatives or to contribute or coordinate a regional node (or global node for proposals to your funding agency).  As the ideas coalesce, we will begin to convert the list into one or more grant proposals with broad community involvement.

M

=Priority Areas=


==Phylogeny==
Coordinate efforts among multiple labs to generate as complete phylogeny of jellyfish (Scyphozoa, Ctenophores, Hydromedusae and siphonophores) as possible.
Needs:
'specimens (as many species as possible) preserved in ethanol and formalin 
''priority list of target taxa; resample geographically and temporally to detect cryptic species
'list of target loci 
''COI, 16S, 28S, 18S, CaM ...


==Ecology==
Shortlist of environmental and biological variables to describe in as many populations as possible to answer questions of which jellyfish 'outbreak' in what circumstances.
'1. What causes outbreaks?
''   overfishing
''   translocations  (see Ecology #1)
''   eutrophication 
''   habitat modification (coastal development)
''   climate change


==Ecology ==
'#1 Regional labs sequence 3 specimens per species per location sent by ecologists working in field.


==Polyps==
'Find and study polyps in the wild.


==Jellyfish Society==
'Establish a scientific society to support the activities started by the jellyfish blooms conferences.



=Structure=

==Global node (for usa nsf proposals)==
'Dawson (UC Merced)


==Regional nodes==
'North America West, shallow-water, California &amp; Baja California &amp; western Mexico - Dawson, Gomez Daglio (UC Merced)</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2074">Welcome to the community portal. During the 3rd Jellyfish Blooms conference in Mar del Plata, 14-16 July 2010, an initiative began to increase coordination of research across the community.  The goal is to rapidly collect data to answer major questions about or involving jellyfish.  Below is an incomplete shortlist of areas considered for priority initiatives.  Please add additional initiatives or comment on existing initiatives, add your name to express interest in contributing to one or more of initiatives or to contribute or coordinate a regional node (or global node for proposals to your funding agency that would enhance global efforts).  As the ideas coalesce, we will begin to convert the list into one or more grant proposals with broad community involvement.



=Priority Areas=


==Phylogeny==
Coordinate efforts among multiple labs to generate as complete phylogeny of jellyfish (Scyphozoa, Ctenophores, Hydromedusae and siphonophores) as possible.
Needs:
'specimens (as many species as possible) preserved in ethanol and formalin 
''priority list of target taxa; resample geographically and temporally to detect cryptic species
'list of target loci 
''COI, 16S, 28S, 18S, CaM ...


==Ecology==
Shortlist of environmental and biological variables to describe in as many populations as possible to answer questions of which jellyfish 'outbreak' in what circumstances.
'1. What causes outbreaks?
''   overfishing
''   translocations  (see Ecology #1)
''   eutrophication 
''   habitat modification (coastal development)
''   climate change


==Species Identification==
'#1 Regional labs sequence 3 specimens per species per location sent by ecologists working in field.


==Polyps==
'Find and study polyps in the wild.


==Jellyfish Society==
'Establish a scientific society to support the activities started by the jellyfish blooms conferences.



=Structure=

==Global nodes==
'Dawson (UC Merced) for usa nsf proposals


==Regional nodes==
'North America West, shallow-water, California &amp; Baja California &amp; western Mexico - Dawson, Gomez Daglio (UC Merced)</text>
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      <timestamp>2010-07-18T03:25:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2076">Welcome to the community portal. During the 3rd Jellyfish Blooms conference in Mar del Plata, 14-16 July 2010, an initiative began to increase coordination of research across the community.  The goal is to rapidly collect data to answer major questions about or involving jellyfish.  Below is an incomplete shortlist of areas considered for priority initiatives.  Please add additional initiatives or comment on existing initiatives, add your name to express interest in contributing to one or more of initiatives or to contribute or coordinate a regional node (or global node for proposals to your funding agency that would enhance global efforts).  As the ideas coalesce, we will begin to convert the list into one or more grant proposals with broad community involvement.



=Priority Areas=


==Phylogeny==
Coordinate efforts among multiple labs to generate as complete phylogeny of jellyfish (Scyphozoa, Ctenophores, Hydromedusae and siphonophores) as possible.
Needs:
'specimens (as many species as possible) preserved in ethanol and formalin
 
''priority list of target taxa; resample geographically and temporally to detect cryptic species
'list of target loci 

''COI, 16S, 28S, 18S, CaM ...


==Ecology==
Shortlist of environmental and biological variables to describe in as many populations as possible to answer questions of which jellyfish 'outbreak' in what circumstances.
'1. What causes outbreaks?
''   overfishing
''   translocations  (see Ecology #1)
''   eutrophication 
''   habitat modification (coastal development)
''   climate change


==Species Identification==
'#1 Regional labs sequence 3 specimens per species per location sent by ecologists working in field.


==Polyps==
'Find and study polyps in the wild.


==Jellyfish Society==
'Establish a scientific society to support the activities started by the jellyfish blooms conferences.



=Structure=

==Global nodes==
'Dawson (UC Merced) for usa nsf proposals


==Regional nodes==
'North America West, shallow-water, California &amp; Baja California &amp; western Mexico - Dawson, Gomez Daglio (UC Merced)</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2073">Welcome to the community portal. During the 3rd Jellyfish Blooms conference in Mar del Plata, 14-16 July 2010, an initiative began to increase coordination of research across the community.  The goal is to rapidly collect data to answer major questions about or involving jellyfish.  Below is an incomplete shortlist of areas considered for priority initiatives.  Please add additional initiatives or comment on existing initiatives, add your name to express interest in contributing to one or more of initiatives or to contribute or coordinate a regional node (or global node for proposals to your funding agency that would enhance global efforts).  As the ideas coalesce, we will begin to convert the list into one or more grant proposals with broad community involvement.



=Priority Areas=


==Phylogeny==
Coordinate efforts among multiple labs to generate as complete phylogeny of jellyfish (Scyphozoa, Ctenophores, Hydromedusae and siphonophores) as possible.
Needs:
'specimens (as many species as possible) preserved in ethanol and formalin
''priority list of target taxa; resample geographically and temporally to detect cryptic species
'list of target loci 
''COI, 16S, 28S, 18S, CaM ...


==Ecology==
Shortlist of environmental and biological variables to describe in as many populations as possible to answer questions of which jellyfish 'outbreak' in what circumstances.
'1. What causes outbreaks?
''   overfishing
''   translocations  (see Ecology #1)
''   eutrophication 
''   habitat modification (coastal development)
''   climate change


==Species Identification==
'#1 Regional labs sequence 3 specimens per species per location sent by ecologists working in field.


==Polyps==
'Find and study polyps in the wild.


==Jellyfish Society==
'Establish a scientific society to support the activities started by the jellyfish blooms conferences.



=Structure=

==Global nodes==
'Dawson (UC Merced) for usa nsf proposals


==Regional nodes==
'North America West, shallow-water, California &amp; Baja California &amp; western Mexico - Dawson, Gomez Daglio (UC Merced)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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    <revision>
      <id>1079</id>
      <parentid>1078</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-07-18T03:28:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2062">Welcome to the community portal. During the 3rd Jellyfish Blooms conference in Mar del Plata, 14-16 July 2010, an initiative began to increase coordination of research across the community.  The goal is to rapidly collect data to answer major questions about or involving jellyfish.  Below is an incomplete shortlist of areas considered for priority initiatives.  Please add additional initiatives or comment on existing initiatives, add your name to express interest in contributing to one or more of initiatives or to contribute or coordinate a regional node (or global node for proposals to your funding agency that would enhance global efforts).  As the ideas coalesce, we will begin to convert the list into one or more grant proposals with broad community involvement.



=Priority Areas=


==Phylogeny==
Coordinate efforts among multiple labs to generate as complete phylogeny of jellyfish (Scyphozoa, Ctenophores, Hydromedusae and siphonophores) as possible.
Needs:
specimens (as many species as possible) preserved in ethanol and formalin
priority list of target taxa; resample geographically and temporally to detect cryptic species
list of target loci 
COI, 16S, 28S, 18S, CaM ...


==Ecology==
Shortlist of environmental and biological variables to describe in as many populations as possible to answer questions of which jellyfish 'outbreak' in what circumstances.
1. What causes outbreaks?
    overfishing 
    translocations  (see Ecology #1)
    eutrophication 
    habitat modification (coastal development)
    climate change


==Species Identification==
'#1 Regional labs sequence 3 specimens per species per location sent by ecologists working in field.


==Polyps==
'Find and study polyps in the wild.


==Jellyfish Society==
'Establish a scientific society to support the activities started by the jellyfish blooms conferences.



=Structure=

==Global nodes==
'Dawson (UC Merced) for usa nsf proposals


==Regional nodes==
'North America West, shallow-water, California &amp; Baja California &amp; western Mexico - Dawson, Gomez Daglio (UC Merced)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1080</id>
      <parentid>1079</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-07-18T03:30:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2057">Welcome to the community portal. During the 3rd Jellyfish Blooms conference in Mar del Plata, 14-16 July 2010, an initiative began to increase coordination of research across the community.  The goal is to rapidly collect data to answer major questions about or involving jellyfish.  Below is an incomplete shortlist of areas considered for priority initiatives.  Please add additional initiatives or comment on existing initiatives, add your name to express interest in contributing to one or more of initiatives or to contribute or coordinate a regional node (or global node for proposals to your funding agency that would enhance global efforts).  As the ideas coalesce, we will begin to convert the list into one or more grant proposals with broad community involvement.



=Priority Areas=


==Phylogeny==
Coordinate efforts among multiple labs to generate as complete phylogeny of jellyfish (Scyphozoa, Ctenophores, Hydromedusae and siphonophores) as possible.
Needs:
1 specimens (as many species as possible) preserved in ethanol and formalin
2 priority list of target taxa; resample geographically and temporally to detect cryptic species
3 list of target loci 
4 COI, 16S, 28S, 18S, CaM ...


==Ecology==
Shortlist of environmental and biological variables to describe in as many populations as possible to answer questions of which jellyfish 'outbreak' in what circumstances.
What causes outbreaks?
  overfishing 
  translocations  (see Ecology #1)
  eutrophication 
  habitat modification (coastal development)
  climate change


==Species Identification==
'#1 Regional labs sequence 3 specimens per species per location sent by ecologists working in field.


==Polyps==
'Find and study polyps in the wild.


==Jellyfish Society==
'Establish a scientific society to support the activities started by the jellyfish blooms conferences.



=Structure=

==Global nodes==
'Dawson (UC Merced) for usa nsf proposals


==Regional nodes==
'North America West, shallow-water, California &amp; Baja California &amp; western Mexico - Dawson, Gomez Daglio (UC Merced)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1081</id>
      <parentid>1080</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-07-18T03:31:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2057">Welcome to the community portal. During the 3rd Jellyfish Blooms conference in Mar del Plata, 14-16 July 2010, an initiative began to increase coordination of research across the community.  The goal is to rapidly collect data to answer major questions about or involving jellyfish.  Below is an incomplete shortlist of areas considered for priority initiatives.  Please add additional initiatives or comment on existing initiatives, add your name to express interest in contributing to one or more of initiatives or to contribute or coordinate a regional node (or global node for proposals to your funding agency that would enhance global efforts).  As the ideas coalesce, we will begin to convert the list into one or more grant proposals with broad community involvement.



=Priority Areas=


==Phylogeny==
Coordinate efforts among multiple labs to generate as complete phylogeny of jellyfish (Scyphozoa, Ctenophores, Hydromedusae and siphonophores) as possible.
Needs:
1 specimens (as many species as possible) preserved in ethanol and formalin,
2 priority list of target taxa; resample geographically and temporally to detect cryptic species,
3 list of target loci: COI, 16S, 28S, 18S, CaM ...


==Ecology==
Shortlist of environmental and biological variables to describe in as many populations as possible to answer questions of which jellyfish 'outbreak' in what circumstances.
What causes outbreaks?
  overfishing 
  translocations  (see Ecology #1)
  eutrophication 
  habitat modification (coastal development)
  climate change


==Species Identification==
'#1 Regional labs sequence 3 specimens per species per location sent by ecologists working in field.


==Polyps==
'Find and study polyps in the wild.


==Jellyfish Society==
'Establish a scientific society to support the activities started by the jellyfish blooms conferences.



=Structure=

==Global nodes==
'Dawson (UC Merced) for usa nsf proposals


==Regional nodes==
'North America West, shallow-water, California &amp; Baja California &amp; western Mexico - Dawson, Gomez Daglio (UC Merced)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1082</id>
      <parentid>1081</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-07-18T13:30:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2148">Welcome to the community portal. During the 3rd Jellyfish Blooms conference in Mar del Plata, 14-16 July 2010, an initiative began to increase coordination of research across the community.  The goal is to rapidly collect data to answer major questions about or involving jellyfish.  Below is an incomplete shortlist of areas considered for priority initiatives.  Please add additional initiatives or comment on existing initiatives, add your name to express interest in contributing to one or more of initiatives or to contribute or coordinate a regional node (or global node for proposals to your funding agency that would enhance global efforts).  As the ideas coalesce, we will begin to convert the list into one or more grant proposals with broad community involvement.



=Priority Areas=


==Phylogeny==
Coordinate efforts among multiple labs to generate as complete phylogeny of jellyfish (Scyphozoa, Ctenophores, Hydromedusae and siphonophores) as possible.
Needs:
1 specimens (as many species as possible) preserved in ethanol and formalin,
2 priority list of target taxa; resample geographically and temporally to detect cryptic species,
3 list of target loci: COI, 16S, 28S, 18S, CaM ...


==Ecology==
Shortlist of environmental and biological variables to describe in as many populations as possible to answer questions of which jellyfish 'outbreak' in what circumstances.
What causes outbreaks?
  overfishing 
  translocations  (see Ecology #1)
  eutrophication 
  habitat modification (coastal development)
  climate change


==Species Identification==
'#1 Regional labs sequence 3 specimens per species per location sent by ecologists working in field.


==Polyps==
'Find and study polyps in the wild.


==Jellyfish Society==
'Establish a scientific society to support the activities started by the jellyfish blooms conferences.


==Other==
Link with existing networks in parasitology  -  http://parasite.org.au/arcnet/



=Structure=

==Global nodes==
'Dawson (UC Merced) for usa nsf proposals


==Regional nodes==
'North America West, shallow-water, California &amp; Baja California &amp; western Mexico - Dawson, Gomez Daglio (UC Merced)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1083</id>
      <parentid>1082</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-07-18T13:32:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2256">Welcome to the community portal. During the 3rd Jellyfish Blooms conference in Mar del Plata, 14-16 July 2010, an initiative began to increase coordination of research across the community.  The goal is to rapidly collect data to answer major questions about or involving jellyfish.  Below is an incomplete shortlist of areas considered for priority initiatives.  Please add additional initiatives or comment on existing initiatives, add your name to express interest in contributing to one or more of initiatives or to contribute or coordinate a regional node (or global node for proposals to your funding agency that would enhance global efforts).  As the ideas coalesce, we will begin to convert the list into one or more grant proposals with broad community involvement.



=Priority Areas=


==Phylogeny==
Coordinate efforts among multiple labs to generate as complete phylogeny of jellyfish (Scyphozoa, Ctenophores, Hydromedusae and siphonophores) as possible.
Needs:
  specimens (as many species as possible) preserved in ethanol and formalin,
  priority list of target taxa; resample geographically and temporally to detect cryptic species,
  list of target loci: COI, 16S, 28S, 18S, CaM ...


==Ecology==
Shortlist of environmental and biological variables to describe in as many populations as possible to answer questions of which jellyfish 'outbreak' in what circumstances.
What causes outbreaks?
  overfishing 
  translocations  (see Ecology #1)
  eutrophication 
  habitat modification (coastal development)
  climate change


==Species Identification==
'#1 Regional labs sequence 3 specimens per species per location sent by ecologists working in field.


==Polyps==
'Find and study polyps in the wild.


==Jellyfish Society==
'Establish a scientific society to support the activities started by the jellyfish blooms conferences.


==Other==
Link with existing networks in parasitology  -  http://parasite.org.au/arcnet/



=Structure=

==Global nodes==
'Dawson (UC Merced) for usa nsf phylogenetics / population genetics oriented proposals


==Regional nodes==
'North America West, shallow-water, California &amp; Baja California &amp; western Mexico - Dawson, Gomez Daglio (UC Merced) for phylogenetics / population genetics / evolutionary ecology</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1084</id>
      <parentid>1083</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-07-18T15:03:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2313">Welcome to the community portal. During the 3rd Jellyfish Blooms conference in Mar del Plata, 14-16 July 2010, an initiative began to increase coordination of research across the community.  The goal is to rapidly collect data to answer major questions about or involving jellyfish.  Below is an incomplete shortlist of areas considered for priority initiatives.  Please add additional initiatives or comment on existing initiatives, add your name to express interest in contributing to one or more of initiatives or to contribute or coordinate a regional node (or global node for proposals to your funding agency that would enhance global efforts).  As the ideas coalesce, we will begin to convert the list into one or more grant proposals with broad community involvement.



=Priority Areas=


==Phylogeny==
Coordinate efforts among multiple labs to generate as complete phylogeny of jellyfish (Scyphozoa, Ctenophores, Hydromedusae and siphonophores) as possible.
Needs:
  specimens (as many species as possible) preserved in ethanol and formalin,
  priority list of target taxa; resample geographically and temporally to detect cryptic species,
  list of target loci: COI, 16S, 28S, 18S, CaM ...


==Ecology==
Shortlist of environmental and biological variables to describe in as many populations as possible to answer questions of which jellyfish 'outbreak' in what circumstances.
What causes outbreaks?
  overfishing 
  translocations  (see Ecology #1)
  eutrophication 
  habitat modification (coastal development)
  climate change


==Species Identification==
'#1 Regional labs sequence 3 specimens per species per location sent by ecologists working in field.


==Polyps==
'Find and study polyps in the wild.


==Jellyfish Society==
'Establish a scientific society to support the activities started by the jellyfish blooms conferences.


==Other==
Link with existing networks in parasitology  -  http://parasite.org.au/arcnet/
Archive relevant literature (especially old literature).



=Structure=

==Global nodes==
'Dawson (UC Merced) for usa nsf phylogenetics / population genetics oriented proposals


==Regional nodes==
'North America West, shallow-water, California &amp; Baja California &amp; western Mexico - Dawson, Gomez Daglio (UC Merced) for phylogenetics / population genetics / evolutionary ecology</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1144</id>
      <parentid>1084</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:11:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2341">Welcome to the community portal. During the 3rd Jellyfish Blooms conference in Mar del Plata, 14-16 July 2010, an initiative began to increase coordination of research across the community.  The goal is to rapidly collect data to answer major questions about or involving jellyfish.  Below is an incomplete shortlist of areas considered for priority initiatives.  Please add additional initiatives or comment on existing initiatives, add your name to express interest in contributing to one or more of initiatives or to contribute or coordinate a regional node (or global node for proposals to your funding agency that would enhance global efforts).  As the ideas coalesce, we will begin to convert the list into one or more grant proposals with broad community involvement.



=Priority Areas=


==Phylogeny==
Coordinate efforts among multiple labs to generate as complete phylogeny of jellyfish (Scyphozoa, Ctenophores, Hydromedusae and siphonophores) as possible.
Needs:
  specimens (as many species as possible) preserved in ethanol and formalin,
  priority list of target taxa; resample geographically and temporally to detect cryptic species,
  list of target loci: COI, 16S, 28S, 18S, CaM ...


==Ecology==
Shortlist of environmental and biological variables to describe in as many populations as possible to answer questions of which jellyfish 'outbreak' in what circumstances.
What causes outbreaks?
  overfishing 
  translocations  (see Ecology #1)
  eutrophication 
  habitat modification (coastal development)
  climate change


==Species Identification==
'#1 Regional labs sequence 3 specimens per species per location sent by ecologists working in field.


==Polyps==
'Find and study polyps in the wild.


==Jellyfish Society==
'Establish a scientific society to support the activities started by the jellyfish blooms conferences.


==Other==
Link with existing networks in parasitology  -  http://parasite.org.au/arcnet/
Archive relevant literature (especially old literature).



=Structure=

==Global nodes==
'Dawson (UC Merced) for usa nsf phylogenetics / population genetics oriented proposals


==Regional nodes==
'North America West, shallow-water, California &amp; Baja California &amp; western Mexico - Dawson, Gomez Daglio (UC Merced) for phylogenetics / population genetics / evolutionary ecology

[[Category:Special Pages]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1655</id>
      <parentid>1144</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-29T17:39:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AdolfoPiazza</username>
        <id>173</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2550">Welcome to the community portal. During the 3rd Jellyfish Blooms conference in Mar del Plata, 14-16 July 2010, an initiative began to increase coordination of research across the community.  The goal is to rapidly collect data to answer major questions about or involving jellyfish.  Below is an incomplete shortlist of areas considered for priority initiatives.  Please add additional initiatives or comment &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;iphone photography&lt;/span&gt;]
on existing initiatives, add your name to express interest in contributing to one or more of initiatives or to contribute or coordinate a regional node (or global node for proposals to your funding agency that would enhance global efforts).  As the ideas coalesce, we will begin to convert the list into one or more grant proposals with broad community involvement.



=Priority Areas=


==Phylogeny==
Coordinate efforts among multiple labs to generate as complete phylogeny of jellyfish (Scyphozoa, Ctenophores, Hydromedusae and siphonophores) as possible.
Needs:
  specimens (as many species as possible) preserved in ethanol and formalin,
  priority list of target taxa; resample geographically and temporally to detect cryptic species,
  list of target loci: COI, 16S, 28S, 18S, CaM ...


==Ecology==
Shortlist of environmental and biological variables to describe in as many populations as possible to answer questions of which jellyfish 'outbreak' in what circumstances.
What causes outbreaks?
  overfishing 
  translocations  (see Ecology #1)
  eutrophication 
  habitat modification (coastal development)
  climate change


==Species Identification==
'#1 Regional labs sequence 3 specimens per species per location sent by ecologists working in field.


==Polyps==
'Find and study polyps in the wild.


==Jellyfish Society==
'Establish a scientific society to support the activities started by the jellyfish blooms conferences.


==Other==
Link with existing networks in parasitology  -  http://parasite.org.au/arcnet/
Archive relevant literature (especially old literature).



=Structure=

==Global nodes==
'Dawson (UC Merced) for usa nsf phylogenetics / population genetics oriented proposals


==Regional nodes==
'North America West, shallow-water, California &amp; Baja California &amp; western Mexico - Dawson, Gomez Daglio (UC Merced) for phylogenetics / population genetics / evolutionary ecology

[[Category:Special Pages]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Coronatae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>57</id>
    <revision>
      <id>375</id>
      <timestamp>2008-09-15T21:36:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: [[Image:caleb.jpg]]</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="19">[[Image:caleb.jpg]]</text>
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      <id>380</id>
      <parentid>375</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-01-28T17:12:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing all content from page</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>394</id>
      <parentid>380</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-19T17:16:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="262">{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| Family (6) || Genus (12) || Species (47) ||Image || align=&quot;right&quot; | Collections
|-
| Atollidae Bigelow 1913  || ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 ||''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902       || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gigantea'' Mass 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>395</id>
      <parentid>394</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-19T17:17:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="292">{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (6)''' || '''Genus (12)''' || '''Species (47)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Atollidae Bigelow 1913  || ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 ||''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902       || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gigantea'' Mass 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>396</id>
      <parentid>395</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-19T17:27:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1005">{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (6)''' || '''Genus (12)''' || '''Species (47)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Atollidae Bigelow 1913  || ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 ||''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902       || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gigantea'' Mass 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''parva'' Russell 1958 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''russelli'' Repelin 1962 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Atorellidae Vanhoffen 1902  || ''Atorella'' Vanhoffen 1902 || ''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp; Matsuno 1981 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp; Youngbluth 1987 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''subglobosa'' Vanhoffen 1902 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Linuchidae Haechel 1879 || ''Linantha Haechel 1880'' || ''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>397</id>
      <parentid>396</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-19T17:29:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1158">
== Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892 ==

----

Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)
Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA
Type = *

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (6)''' || '''Genus (12)''' || '''Species (47)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Atollidae Bigelow 1913  || ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 ||''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902       || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gigantea'' Mass 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''parva'' Russell 1958 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''russelli'' Repelin 1962 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Atorellidae Vanhoffen 1902  || ''Atorella'' Vanhoffen 1902 || ''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp; Matsuno 1981 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp; Youngbluth 1987 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''subglobosa'' Vanhoffen 1902 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Linuchidae Haechel 1879 || ''Linantha Haechel 1880'' || ''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>398</id>
      <parentid>397</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-19T17:35:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1320">== Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892 ==

----

Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)
Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = *

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (6)''' || '''Genus (12)''' || '''Species (47)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Atollidae Bigelow 1913  || ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 ||''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902       || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gigantea'' Mass 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''parva'' Russell 1958 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''russelli'' Repelin 1962 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Atorellidae Vanhoffen 1902  || ''Atorella'' Vanhoffen 1902 || ''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp; Matsuno 1981 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp; Youngbluth 1987 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''subglobosa'' Vanhoffen 1902 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Linuchidae Haechel 1879 || ''Linantha Haechel 1880'' || ''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829 || ''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 ||align=&quot;right&quot; | [[File:Linuche5101.jpg|''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880 Philippines, Buyong ]] 
|}</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>399</id>
      <parentid>398</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-19T17:38:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1316">== Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892 ==

----

Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)
Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = *

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (6)''' || '''Genus (12)''' || '''Species (47)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Atollidae Bigelow 1913  || ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 ||''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902       || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gigantea'' Mass 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''parva'' Russell 1958 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''russelli'' Repelin 1962 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Atorellidae Vanhoffen 1902  || ''Atorella'' Vanhoffen 1902 || ''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp; Matsuno 1981 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp; Youngbluth 1987 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''subglobosa'' Vanhoffen 1902 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Linuchidae Haechel 1879 || ''Linantha Haechel 1880'' || ''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829 || ''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 ||align=&quot;right&quot; | [D:\tS_Apr2009\Syst\Cor\Linuche_aquila_i.html ''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel]

|}</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>400</id>
      <parentid>399</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-19T17:39:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1321">== Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892 ==

----

Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)
Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = *

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (6)''' || '''Genus (12)''' || '''Species (47)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Atollidae Bigelow 1913  || ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 ||''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902       || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gigantea'' Mass 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''parva'' Russell 1958 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''russelli'' Repelin 1962 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Atorellidae Vanhoffen 1902  || ''Atorella'' Vanhoffen 1902 || ''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp; Matsuno 1981 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp; Youngbluth 1987 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''subglobosa'' Vanhoffen 1902 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Linuchidae Haechel 1879 || ''Linantha Haechel 1880'' || ''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829 || ''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 ||align=&quot;right&quot; | [http:D:\tS_Apr2009\Syst\Cor\Linuche_aquila_i.html ''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel]

|}</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>401</id>
      <parentid>400</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-19T17:46:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1297">== Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892 ==

----

Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)
Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = *

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (6)''' || '''Genus (12)''' || '''Species (47)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Atollidae Bigelow 1913  || ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 ||''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902       || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gigantea'' Mass 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''parva'' Russell 1958 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''russelli'' Repelin 1962 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Atorellidae Vanhoffen 1902  || ''Atorella'' Vanhoffen 1902 || ''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp; Matsuno 1981 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp; Youngbluth 1987 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''subglobosa'' Vanhoffen 1902 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Linuchidae Haechel 1879 || ''Linantha Haechel 1880'' || ''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829 || ''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 ||align=&quot;right&quot; | [[File:Linuche5101.jpg|thumb|Linuche aquila Haeckel]] |
|}</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>402</id>
      <parentid>401</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-19T17:51:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1542">== Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892 ==

----

Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)
Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = *

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (6)''' || '''Genus (12)''' || '''Species (47)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Atollidae Bigelow 1913  || ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 ||''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902       || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gigantea'' Mass 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''parva'' Russell 1958 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''russelli'' Repelin 1962 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Atorellidae Vanhoffen 1902  || ''Atorella'' Vanhoffen 1902 || ''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp; Matsuno 1981 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp; Youngbluth 1987 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''subglobosa'' Vanhoffen 1902 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Linuchidae Haechel 1879 || ''Linantha Haechel 1880'' || ''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829 || ''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 ||align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''draco'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788)* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| Nausithoidae Bigelow 1913 || ''Nausithoe'' Kolliker 1853 || ''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''draco'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>403</id>
      <parentid>402</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-19T18:20:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3617">== Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892 ==

----

Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)
Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = *

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (6)''' || '''Genus (12)''' || '''Species (47)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Atollidae Bigelow 1913  || ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 ||''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902       || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gigantea'' Mass 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''parva'' Russell 1958 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''russelli'' Repelin 1962 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Atorellidae Vanhoffen 1902  || ''Atorella'' Vanhoffen 1902 || ''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp; Matsuno 1981 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp; Youngbluth 1987 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''subglobosa'' Vanhoffen 1902 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Linuchidae Haechel 1879 || ''Linantha Haechel 1880'' || ''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829 || ''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 ||align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''draco'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788)* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| Nausithoidae Bigelow 1913 || ''Nausithoe'' Kolliker 1853 || ''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''atlantica'' Broch 1914 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''aurea'' Silveira &amp; Morandini 1997 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''globifera'' Broch 1914 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''limpida'' Hartlaub 1909 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''maculata'' Jarms 1990 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''marginata'' Kolliker 1853 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''picta'' Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1902 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''planulophora'' (Werner 1971) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''punctata'' Kolliker 1853 * || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''racemosa'' (Komai 1936) || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D, M; Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''rubra'' Vanhoffen 1902 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''thieli'' Jarms 1990 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880 || ''antiqua'' Haeckel 1880*||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''indica'' Vanhoffen 1902 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 || ''zibrowii'' Werner 1984* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Paraphyllinidae Maas 1903 || ''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 || ''intermedia'' Maas 1903* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ransoni'' Russell 1956 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rubra'' Neppi 1915 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Periphyllidae Haeckel || ''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 || ''diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 || ''campana'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 || ''periphylla'' (Peron &amp; Lesueur 1810*) || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Malvinas (D); Norway (D)
|-
|  || ''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhoffen 1900 || ''braueri'' Vanhoffen 1900*||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''galatheae'' Kramp 1959 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}

''Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>404</id>
      <parentid>403</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-19T18:34:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4088">== Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892 ==

[[Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)]]


Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.


----


Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)
Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = *

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (6)''' || '''Genus (12)''' || '''Species (47)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Atollidae Bigelow 1913  || ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 ||''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902       || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gigantea'' Mass 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''parva'' Russell 1958 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''russelli'' Repelin 1962 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Atorellidae Vanhoffen 1902  || ''Atorella'' Vanhoffen 1902 || ''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp; Matsuno 1981 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp; Youngbluth 1987 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''subglobosa'' Vanhoffen 1902 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Linuchidae Haechel 1879 || ''Linantha Haechel 1880'' || ''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829 || ''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 ||align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''draco'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788)* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| Nausithoidae Bigelow 1913 || ''Nausithoe'' Kolliker 1853 || ''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''atlantica'' Broch 1914 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''aurea'' Silveira &amp; Morandini 1997 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''globifera'' Broch 1914 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''limpida'' Hartlaub 1909 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''maculata'' Jarms 1990 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''marginata'' Kolliker 1853 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''picta'' Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1902 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''planulophora'' (Werner 1971) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''punctata'' Kolliker 1853 * || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''racemosa'' (Komai 1936) || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D, M; Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''rubra'' Vanhoffen 1902 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''thieli'' Jarms 1990 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880 || ''antiqua'' Haeckel 1880*||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''indica'' Vanhoffen 1902 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 || ''zibrowii'' Werner 1984* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Paraphyllinidae Maas 1903 || ''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 || ''intermedia'' Maas 1903* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ransoni'' Russell 1956 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rubra'' Neppi 1915 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Periphyllidae Haeckel || ''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 || ''diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 || ''campana'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 || ''periphylla'' (Peron &amp; Lesueur 1810*) || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Malvinas (D); Norway (D)
|-
|  || ''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhoffen 1900 || ''braueri'' Vanhoffen 1900*||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''galatheae'' Kramp 1959 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}

''Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>405</id>
      <parentid>404</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-19T18:34:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4090">== Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892 ==

'''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)'''


Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.


----


Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)
Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = *

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (6)''' || '''Genus (12)''' || '''Species (47)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Atollidae Bigelow 1913  || ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 ||''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902       || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gigantea'' Mass 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''parva'' Russell 1958 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''russelli'' Repelin 1962 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Atorellidae Vanhoffen 1902  || ''Atorella'' Vanhoffen 1902 || ''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp; Matsuno 1981 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp; Youngbluth 1987 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''subglobosa'' Vanhoffen 1902 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Linuchidae Haechel 1879 || ''Linantha Haechel 1880'' || ''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829 || ''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 ||align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''draco'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788)* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| Nausithoidae Bigelow 1913 || ''Nausithoe'' Kolliker 1853 || ''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''atlantica'' Broch 1914 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''aurea'' Silveira &amp; Morandini 1997 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''globifera'' Broch 1914 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''limpida'' Hartlaub 1909 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''maculata'' Jarms 1990 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''marginata'' Kolliker 1853 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''picta'' Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1902 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''planulophora'' (Werner 1971) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''punctata'' Kolliker 1853 * || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''racemosa'' (Komai 1936) || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D, M; Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''rubra'' Vanhoffen 1902 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''thieli'' Jarms 1990 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880 || ''antiqua'' Haeckel 1880*||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''indica'' Vanhoffen 1902 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 || ''zibrowii'' Werner 1984* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Paraphyllinidae Maas 1903 || ''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 || ''intermedia'' Maas 1903* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ransoni'' Russell 1956 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rubra'' Neppi 1915 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Periphyllidae Haeckel || ''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 || ''diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 || ''campana'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 || ''periphylla'' (Peron &amp; Lesueur 1810*) || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Malvinas (D); Norway (D)
|-
|  || ''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhoffen 1900 || ''braueri'' Vanhoffen 1900*||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''galatheae'' Kramp 1959 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}

''Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>603</id>
      <parentid>405</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:39:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3269">== Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892  ==

'''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)''' 

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia. 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (6)''' 
| '''Genus (12)''' 
| '''Species (47)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Atollidae Bigelow 1913 
| ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902
|-
| 
| 
| ''gigantea'' Mass 1897
|-
| 
| 
| ''parva'' Russell 1958
|-
| 
| 
| ''russelli'' Repelin 1962
|-
| 
| 
| ''vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957
|-
| 
| 
| ''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 *
|-
| Atorellidae Vanhoffen 1902 
| ''Atorella'' Vanhoffen 1902 
| ''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928
|-
| 
| 
| ''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp;amp; Matsuno 1981
|-
| 
| 
| ''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp;amp; Youngbluth 1987
|-
| 
| 
| ''subglobosa'' Vanhoffen 1902
|-
| 
| 
| ''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909
|-
| Linuchidae Haechel 1879 
| ''Linantha Haechel 1880'' 
| ''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 *
|-
| 
| ''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''aquila'' Haeckel 1880
|-
| 
| 
| ''draco'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| 
| ''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| Nausithoidae Bigelow 1913 
| ''Nausithoe'' Kolliker 1853 
| ''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897)
|-
| 
| 
| ''atlantica'' Broch 1914
|-
| 
| 
| ''aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997
|-
| 
| 
| ''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| 
| ''clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892
|-
| 
| 
| ''eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)
|-
| 
| 
| ''globifera'' Broch 1914
|-
| 
| 
| ''hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001
|-
| 
| 
| ''limpida'' Hartlaub 1909
|-
| 
| 
| ''maculata'' Jarms 1990
|-
| 
| 
| ''marginata'' Kolliker 1853
|-
| 
| 
| ''picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902
|-
| 
| 
| ''planulophora'' (Werner 1971)
|-
| 
| 
| ''punctata'' Kolliker 1853 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''racemosa'' (Komai 1936) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New Guinea (D, M; Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''rubra'' Vanhoffen 1902
|-
| 
| 
| ''thieli'' Jarms 1990
|-
| 
| ''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''antiqua'' Haeckel 1880*
|-
| 
| 
| ''indica'' Vanhoffen 1902
|-
| 
| 
| ''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| ''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 
| ''zibrowii'' Werner 1984*
|-
| Paraphyllinidae Maas 1903 
| ''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 
| ''intermedia'' Maas 1903*
|-
| 
| 
| ''ransoni'' Russell 1956
|-
| 
| 
| ''rubra'' Neppi 1915
|-
| Periphyllidae Haeckel 
| ''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 
| ''diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885*
|-
| 
| ''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''campana'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| 
| ''quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880*
|-
| 
| 
| ''tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880
|-
| 
| ''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''periphylla'' (Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810*) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Malvinas (D); Norway (D)
|-
| 
| ''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhoffen 1900 
| ''braueri'' Vanhoffen 1900*
|-
| 
| 
| ''galatheae'' Kramp 1959
|}

''Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>617</id>
      <parentid>603</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T09:19:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3834">== Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892  ==

'''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)''' 

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia. 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (6)''' 
| '''Genus (12)''' 
| '''Species (47)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Atollidae Bigelow 1913 
| ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902
|-
| 
| 
| ''gigantea'' Mass 1897
|-
| 
| 
| ''parva'' Russell 1958
|-
| 
| 
| ''russelli'' Repelin 1962
|-
| 
| 
| ''vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957
|-
| 
| 
| ''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 *
|-
| Atorellidae Vanhoffen 1902 
| ''Atorella'' Vanhoffen 1902 
| ''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928
|-
| 
| 
| ''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp;amp; Matsuno 1981
|-
| 
| 
| ''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp;amp; Youngbluth 1987
|-
| 
| 
| ''subglobosa'' Vanhoffen 1902
|-
| 
| 
| ''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909
|-
| Linuchidae Haechel 1879 
| ''Linantha Haechel 1880'' 
| ''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 *
|-
| 
| ''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 [[Image:Linuche5101.JPG|thumb|left|Linuche aquila Haeckel 1880]]
|-
| 
| 
| ''draco'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| 
| ''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| Nausithoidae Bigelow 1913 
| ''Nausithoe'' Kolliker 1853 
| ''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897)
|-
| 
| 
| ''atlantica'' Broch 1914
|-
| 
| 
| ''aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997 [[Image:Aurea_mp.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë aurea Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997]]
|-
| 
| 
| ''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| 
| ''clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892
|-
| 
| 
| ''eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974) [[Image:Nausithoe_eumedusoides1_MH.jpg|thumb|left| Nausithoë eumedusoides (Werner 1974)]]
|-
| 
| 
| ''globifera'' Broch 1914
|-
| 
| 
| ''hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001
|-
| 
| 
| ''limpida'' Hartlaub 1909
|-
| 
| 
| ''maculata'' Jarms 1990
|-
| 
| 
| ''marginata'' Kolliker 1853 [[Image:Nausithoe_marginata_MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë marginata Kölliker 1853]]
|-
| 
| 
| ''picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902
|-
| 
| 
| ''planulophora'' (Werner 1971) [[Image:Nausithoe_planulophora_MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)]]
|-
| 
| 
| ''punctata'' Kolliker 1853 * [[Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]][[Image:Nausithoe_punctata_MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''racemosa'' (Komai 1936) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New Guinea (D, M; Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''rubra'' Vanhoffen 1902
|-
| 
| 
| ''thieli'' Jarms 1990
|-
| 
| ''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''antiqua'' Haeckel 1880*
|-
| 
| 
| ''indica'' Vanhoffen 1902
|-
| 
| 
| ''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| ''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 
| ''zibrowii'' Werner 1984*
|-
| Paraphyllinidae Maas 1903 
| ''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 
| ''intermedia'' Maas 1903*
|-
| 
| 
| ''ransoni'' Russell 1956
|-
| 
| 
| ''rubra'' Neppi 1915
|-
| Periphyllidae Haeckel 
| ''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 
| ''diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885*
|-
| 
| ''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''campana'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| 
| ''quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880*
|-
| 
| 
| ''tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880
|-
| 
| ''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''periphylla'' (Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810*) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Malvinas (D); Norway (D)
|-
| 
| ''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhoffen 1900 
| ''braueri'' Vanhoffen 1900*
|-
| 
| 
| ''galatheae'' Kramp 1959
|}

''Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>620</id>
      <parentid>617</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T09:31:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3991">== Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892  ==

'''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)''' 

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia. 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (6)''' 
| '''Genus (12)''' 
| '''Species (47)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Atollidae Bigelow 1913 
| ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902
|-
| 
| 
| ''gigantea'' Mass 1897
|-
| 
| 
| ''parva'' Russell 1958
|-
| 
| 
| ''russelli'' Repelin 1962
|-
| 
| 
| ''vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957
|-
| 
| 
| ''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 *
|-
| Atorellidae Vanhoffen 1902 
| ''Atorella'' Vanhoffen 1902 
| ''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928
|-
| 
| 
| ''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp;amp; Matsuno 1981
|-
| 
| 
| ''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp;amp; Youngbluth 1987
|-
| 
| 
| ''subglobosa'' Vanhoffen 1902
|-
| 
| 
| ''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909
|-
| Linuchidae Haechel 1879 
| ''Linantha Haechel 1880'' 
| ''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 *
|-
| 
| ''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 [[Image:Linuche5101.JPG|thumb|left|Linuche aquila Haeckel 1880]]
|-
| 
| 
| ''draco'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| 
| ''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| Nausithoidae Bigelow 1913 
| ''Nausithoe'' Kolliker 1853 
| ''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897)
|-
| 
| 
| ''atlantica'' Broch 1914
|-
| 
| 
| ''aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997 [[Image:Aurea mp.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë aurea Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997]]
|-
| 
| 
| ''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| 
| ''clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892
|-
| 
| 
| ''eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974) [[Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë eumedusoides (Werner 1974)]]
|-
| 
| 
| ''globifera'' Broch 1914
|-
| 
| 
| ''hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001
|-
| 
| 
| ''limpida'' Hartlaub 1909
|-
| 
| 
| ''maculata'' Jarms 1990
|-
| 
| 
| ''marginata'' Kolliker 1853 [[Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë marginata Kölliker 1853]]
|-
| 
| 
| ''picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902
|-
| 
| 
| ''planulophora'' (Werner 1971) [[Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)]]
|-
| 
| 
| ''punctata'' Kolliker 1853 * [[Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]][[Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''racemosa'' (Komai 1936) [[Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë racemosa (Komai, 1936)]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New Guinea (D, M; Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''rubra'' Vanhoffen 1902
|-
| 
| 
| ''thieli'' Jarms 1990
|-
| 
| ''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''antiqua'' Haeckel 1880*
|-
| 
| 
| ''indica'' Vanhoffen 1902
|-
| 
| 
| ''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| ''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 
| ''zibrowii'' Werner 1984* [[Image:Nausithoe_zibrowii_MH.jpg|thumb|left|Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner 1974]]
|-
| Paraphyllinidae Maas 1903 
| ''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 
| ''intermedia'' Maas 1903*
|-
| 
| 
| ''ransoni'' Russell 1956
|-
| 
| 
| ''rubra'' Neppi 1915
|-
| Periphyllidae Haeckel 
| ''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 
| ''diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885*
|-
| 
| ''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''campana'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| 
| ''quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880*
|-
| 
| 
| ''tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880
|-
| 
| ''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''periphylla'' (Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810*) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Malvinas (D); Norway (D)
|-
| 
| ''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhoffen 1900 
| ''braueri'' Vanhoffen 1900*
|-
| 
| 
| ''galatheae'' Kramp 1959
|}

''Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>769</id>
      <parentid>620</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T08:27:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4031">== Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892  ==

'''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)''' 

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia. 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 


'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

Family (6)''' 
| '''Genus (12)''' 
| '''Species (47)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Atollidae Bigelow 1913 
| ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902
|-
| 
| 
| ''gigantea'' Mass 1897
|-
| 
| 
| ''parva'' Russell 1958
|-
| 
| 
| ''russelli'' Repelin 1962
|-
| 
| 
| ''vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957
|-
| 
| 
| ''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 *
|-
| Atorellidae Vanhoffen 1902 
| ''Atorella'' Vanhoffen 1902 
| ''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928
|-
| 
| 
| ''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp;amp; Matsuno 1981
|-
| 
| 
| ''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp;amp; Youngbluth 1987
|-
| 
| 
| ''subglobosa'' Vanhoffen 1902
|-
| 
| 
| ''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909
|-
| Linuchidae Haechel 1879 
| ''Linantha Haechel 1880'' 
| ''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 *
|-
| 
| ''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 [[Image:Linuche5101.JPG|thumb|left|Linuche aquila Haeckel 1880]]
|-
| 
| 
| ''draco'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| 
| ''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| Nausithoidae Bigelow 1913 
| ''Nausithoe'' Kolliker 1853 
| ''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897)
|-
| 
| 
| ''atlantica'' Broch 1914
|-
| 
| 
| ''aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997 [[Image:Aurea mp.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë aurea Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997]]
|-
| 
| 
| ''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| 
| ''clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892
|-
| 
| 
| ''eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974) [[Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë eumedusoides (Werner 1974)]]
|-
| 
| 
| ''globifera'' Broch 1914
|-
| 
| 
| ''hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001
|-
| 
| 
| ''limpida'' Hartlaub 1909
|-
| 
| 
| ''maculata'' Jarms 1990
|-
| 
| 
| ''marginata'' Kolliker 1853 [[Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë marginata Kölliker 1853]]
|-
| 
| 
| ''picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902
|-
| 
| 
| ''planulophora'' (Werner 1971) [[Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)]]
|-
| 
| 
| ''punctata'' Kolliker 1853 * [[Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]][[Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''racemosa'' (Komai 1936) [[Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë racemosa (Komai, 1936)]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New Guinea (D, M; Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''rubra'' Vanhoffen 1902
|-
| 
| 
| ''thieli'' Jarms 1990
|-
| 
| ''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''antiqua'' Haeckel 1880*
|-
| 
| 
| ''indica'' Vanhoffen 1902
|-
| 
| 
| ''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| ''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 
| ''zibrowii'' Werner 1984* [[Image:Nausithoe_zibrowii_MH.jpg|thumb|left|Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner 1974]]
|-
| Paraphyllinidae Maas 1903 
| ''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 
| ''intermedia'' Maas 1903*
|-
| 
| 
| ''ransoni'' Russell 1956
|-
| 
| 
| ''rubra'' Neppi 1915
|-
| Periphyllidae Haeckel 
| ''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 
| ''diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885*
|-
| 
| ''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''campana'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| 
| ''quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880*
|-
| 
| 
| ''tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880
|-
| 
| ''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''periphylla'' (Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810*) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Malvinas (D); Norway (D)
|-
| 
| ''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhoffen 1900 
| ''braueri'' Vanhoffen 1900*
|-
| 
| 
| ''galatheae'' Kramp 1959
|}

''Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>772</id>
      <parentid>769</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T08:36:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3808">'''Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892'''

'''Characteristics of the Order '''&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia. 

Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

----

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (6) 

*Genus (12) 
**Species (47)



Atollidae Bigelow 1913 | ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 | ''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''gigantea'' Mass 1897 |- | | | ''parva'' Russell 1958 |- | | | ''russelli'' Repelin 1962 |- | | | ''vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 |- | | | ''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 * |- | Atorellidae Vanhoffen 1902 | ''Atorella'' Vanhoffen 1902 | ''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928 |- | | | ''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp;amp; Matsuno 1981 |- | | | ''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp;amp; Youngbluth 1987 |- | | | ''subglobosa'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909 |- | Linuchidae Haechel 1879 | ''Linantha Haechel 1880'' | ''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 * |- | | ''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829 | ''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 [[Image:Linuche5101.JPG|thumb|left|Linuche aquila Haeckel 1880]] |- | | | ''draco'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | | ''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788)* | align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M) |- | Nausithoidae Bigelow 1913 | ''Nausithoe'' Kolliker 1853 | ''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897) |- | | | ''atlantica'' Broch 1914 |- | | | ''aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997 [[Image:Aurea mp.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë aurea Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997]] |- | | | ''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | | ''clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892 |- | | | ''eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974) [[Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë eumedusoides (Werner 1974)]] |- | | | ''globifera'' Broch 1914 |- | | | ''hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 |- | | | ''limpida'' Hartlaub 1909 |- | | | ''maculata'' Jarms 1990 |- | | | ''marginata'' Kolliker 1853 [[Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë marginata Kölliker 1853]] |- | | | ''picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902 |- | | | ''planulophora'' (Werner 1971) [[Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)]] |- | | | ''punctata'' Kolliker 1853 * [[Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]][[Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]] | align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M) |- | | | ''racemosa'' (Komai 1936) [[Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë racemosa (Komai, 1936)]] | align=&quot;left&quot; | New Guinea (D, M; Palau (D, M) |- | | | ''rubra'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''thieli'' Jarms 1990 |- | | ''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880 | ''antiqua'' Haeckel 1880* |- | | | ''indica'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | ''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 | ''zibrowii'' Werner 1984* [[Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg|thumb|left|Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner 1974]] |- | Paraphyllinidae Maas 1903 | ''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 | ''intermedia'' Maas 1903* |- | | | ''ransoni'' Russell 1956 |- | | | ''rubra'' Neppi 1915 |- | Periphyllidae Haeckel | ''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 | ''diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885* |- | | ''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 | ''campana'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | | ''quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880* |- | | | ''tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880 |- | | ''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 | ''periphylla'' (Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810*) | align=&quot;left&quot; | Malvinas (D); Norway (D) |- | | ''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhoffen 1900 | ''braueri'' Vanhoffen 1900* |- | | | ''galatheae'' Kramp 1959 |} 

''Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>773</id>
      <parentid>772</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T08:38:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3879">'''Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892'''

'''Characteristics of the Order '''&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia. 

Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

----

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (6) 

*Genus (12) 
**Species (47)

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (5)''' 
| '''Genus (13)'''
| '''Species'''

Atollidae Bigelow 1913 | ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 | ''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''gigantea'' Mass 1897 |- | | | ''parva'' Russell 1958 |- | | | ''russelli'' Repelin 1962 |- | | | ''vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 |- | | | ''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 * |- | Atorellidae Vanhoffen 1902 | ''Atorella'' Vanhoffen 1902 | ''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928 |- | | | ''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp;amp; Matsuno 1981 |- | | | ''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp;amp; Youngbluth 1987 |- | | | ''subglobosa'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909 |- | Linuchidae Haechel 1879 | ''Linantha Haechel 1880'' | ''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 * |- | | ''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829 | ''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 [[Image:Linuche5101.JPG|thumb|left|Linuche aquila Haeckel 1880]] |- | | | ''draco'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | | ''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788)* | align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M) |- | Nausithoidae Bigelow 1913 | ''Nausithoe'' Kolliker 1853 | ''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897) |- | | | ''atlantica'' Broch 1914 |- | | | ''aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997 [[Image:Aurea mp.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë aurea Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997]] |- | | | ''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | | ''clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892 |- | | | ''eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974) [[Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë eumedusoides (Werner 1974)]] |- | | | ''globifera'' Broch 1914 |- | | | ''hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 |- | | | ''limpida'' Hartlaub 1909 |- | | | ''maculata'' Jarms 1990 |- | | | ''marginata'' Kolliker 1853 [[Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë marginata Kölliker 1853]] |- | | | ''picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902 |- | | | ''planulophora'' (Werner 1971) [[Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)]] |- | | | ''punctata'' Kolliker 1853 * [[Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]][[Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]] | align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M) |- | | | ''racemosa'' (Komai 1936) [[Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë racemosa (Komai, 1936)]] | align=&quot;left&quot; | New Guinea (D, M; Palau (D, M) |- | | | ''rubra'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''thieli'' Jarms 1990 |- | | ''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880 | ''antiqua'' Haeckel 1880* |- | | | ''indica'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | ''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 | ''zibrowii'' Werner 1984* [[Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg|thumb|left|Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner 1974]] |- | Paraphyllinidae Maas 1903 | ''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 | ''intermedia'' Maas 1903* |- | | | ''ransoni'' Russell 1956 |- | | | ''rubra'' Neppi 1915 |- | Periphyllidae Haeckel | ''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 | ''diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885* |- | | ''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 | ''campana'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | | ''quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880* |- | | | ''tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880 |- | | ''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 | ''periphylla'' (Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810*) | align=&quot;left&quot; | Malvinas (D); Norway (D) |- | | ''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhoffen 1900 | ''braueri'' Vanhoffen 1900* |- | | | ''galatheae'' Kramp 1959 |} 

''Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>774</id>
      <parentid>773</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T08:39:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3958">'''Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892'''

'''Characteristics of the Order '''&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia. 

Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

----

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (6) 

*Genus (12) 
**Species (47)

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (8)''' 
| '''Genus (26)''' 
| '''Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Atollidae Bigelow 1913 | ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 | ''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''gigantea'' Mass 1897 |- | | | ''parva'' Russell 1958 |- | | | ''russelli'' Repelin 1962 |- | | | ''vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 |- | | | ''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 * |- | Atorellidae Vanhoffen 1902 | ''Atorella'' Vanhoffen 1902 | ''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928 |- | | | ''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp;amp; Matsuno 1981 |- | | | ''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp;amp; Youngbluth 1987 |- | | | ''subglobosa'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909 |- | Linuchidae Haechel 1879 | ''Linantha Haechel 1880'' | ''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 * |- | | ''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829 | ''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 [[Image:Linuche5101.JPG|thumb|left|Linuche aquila Haeckel 1880]] |- | | | ''draco'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | | ''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788)* | align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M) |- | Nausithoidae Bigelow 1913 | ''Nausithoe'' Kolliker 1853 | ''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897) |- | | | ''atlantica'' Broch 1914 |- | | | ''aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997 [[Image:Aurea mp.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë aurea Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997]] |- | | | ''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | | ''clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892 |- | | | ''eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974) [[Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë eumedusoides (Werner 1974)]] |- | | | ''globifera'' Broch 1914 |- | | | ''hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 |- | | | ''limpida'' Hartlaub 1909 |- | | | ''maculata'' Jarms 1990 |- | | | ''marginata'' Kolliker 1853 [[Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë marginata Kölliker 1853]] |- | | | ''picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902 |- | | | ''planulophora'' (Werner 1971) [[Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)]] |- | | | ''punctata'' Kolliker 1853 * [[Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]][[Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]] | align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M) |- | | | ''racemosa'' (Komai 1936) [[Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë racemosa (Komai, 1936)]] | align=&quot;left&quot; | New Guinea (D, M; Palau (D, M) |- | | | ''rubra'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''thieli'' Jarms 1990 |- | | ''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880 | ''antiqua'' Haeckel 1880* |- | | | ''indica'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | ''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 | ''zibrowii'' Werner 1984* [[Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg|thumb|left|Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner 1974]] |- | Paraphyllinidae Maas 1903 | ''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 | ''intermedia'' Maas 1903* |- | | | ''ransoni'' Russell 1956 |- | | | ''rubra'' Neppi 1915 |- | Periphyllidae Haeckel | ''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 | ''diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885* |- | | ''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 | ''campana'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | | ''quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880* |- | | | ''tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880 |- | | ''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 | ''periphylla'' (Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810*) | align=&quot;left&quot; | Malvinas (D); Norway (D) |- | | ''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhoffen 1900 | ''braueri'' Vanhoffen 1900* |- | | | ''galatheae'' Kramp 1959 |} 

''Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>775</id>
      <parentid>774</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T08:43:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Jshay|Jshay]] ([[User talk:Jshay|Talk]]); changed back to last version by [[User:Admin|Admin]]</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
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    <revision>
      <id>776</id>
      <parentid>775</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T08:44:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 775 by [[Special:Contributions/Jshay|Jshay]] ([[User talk:Jshay|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3958">'''Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892'''

'''Characteristics of the Order '''&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia. 

Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

----

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (6) 

*Genus (12) 
**Species (47)

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (8)''' 
| '''Genus (26)''' 
| '''Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Atollidae Bigelow 1913 | ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 | ''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''gigantea'' Mass 1897 |- | | | ''parva'' Russell 1958 |- | | | ''russelli'' Repelin 1962 |- | | | ''vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 |- | | | ''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 * |- | Atorellidae Vanhoffen 1902 | ''Atorella'' Vanhoffen 1902 | ''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928 |- | | | ''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp;amp; Matsuno 1981 |- | | | ''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp;amp; Youngbluth 1987 |- | | | ''subglobosa'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909 |- | Linuchidae Haechel 1879 | ''Linantha Haechel 1880'' | ''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 * |- | | ''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829 | ''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 [[Image:Linuche5101.JPG|thumb|left|Linuche aquila Haeckel 1880]] |- | | | ''draco'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | | ''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788)* | align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M) |- | Nausithoidae Bigelow 1913 | ''Nausithoe'' Kolliker 1853 | ''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897) |- | | | ''atlantica'' Broch 1914 |- | | | ''aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997 [[Image:Aurea mp.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë aurea Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997]] |- | | | ''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | | ''clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892 |- | | | ''eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974) [[Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë eumedusoides (Werner 1974)]] |- | | | ''globifera'' Broch 1914 |- | | | ''hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 |- | | | ''limpida'' Hartlaub 1909 |- | | | ''maculata'' Jarms 1990 |- | | | ''marginata'' Kolliker 1853 [[Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë marginata Kölliker 1853]] |- | | | ''picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902 |- | | | ''planulophora'' (Werner 1971) [[Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)]] |- | | | ''punctata'' Kolliker 1853 * [[Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]][[Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]] | align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M) |- | | | ''racemosa'' (Komai 1936) [[Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë racemosa (Komai, 1936)]] | align=&quot;left&quot; | New Guinea (D, M; Palau (D, M) |- | | | ''rubra'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''thieli'' Jarms 1990 |- | | ''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880 | ''antiqua'' Haeckel 1880* |- | | | ''indica'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | ''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 | ''zibrowii'' Werner 1984* [[Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg|thumb|left|Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner 1974]] |- | Paraphyllinidae Maas 1903 | ''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 | ''intermedia'' Maas 1903* |- | | | ''ransoni'' Russell 1956 |- | | | ''rubra'' Neppi 1915 |- | Periphyllidae Haeckel | ''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 | ''diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885* |- | | ''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 | ''campana'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | | ''quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880* |- | | | ''tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880 |- | | ''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 | ''periphylla'' (Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810*) | align=&quot;left&quot; | Malvinas (D); Norway (D) |- | | ''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhoffen 1900 | ''braueri'' Vanhoffen 1900* |- | | | ''galatheae'' Kramp 1959 |} 

''Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>777</id>
      <parentid>776</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T08:45:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3944">== Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892  ==

'''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)''' 

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia. 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 


'''Key:''' 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (8)''' 
| '''Genus (26)''' 
| '''Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Atollidae Bigelow 1913 | ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 | ''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''gigantea'' Mass 1897 |- | | | ''parva'' Russell 1958 |- | | | ''russelli'' Repelin 1962 |- | | | ''vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 |- | | | ''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 * |- | Atorellidae Vanhoffen 1902 | ''Atorella'' Vanhoffen 1902 | ''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928 |- | | | ''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp;amp; Matsuno 1981 |- | | | ''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp;amp; Youngbluth 1987 |- | | | ''subglobosa'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909 |- | Linuchidae Haechel 1879 | ''Linantha Haechel 1880'' | ''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 * |- | | ''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829 | ''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 [[Image:Linuche5101.JPG|thumb|left|Linuche aquila Haeckel 1880]] |- | | | ''draco'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | | ''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788)* | align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M) |- | Nausithoidae Bigelow 1913 | ''Nausithoe'' Kolliker 1853 | ''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897) |- | | | ''atlantica'' Broch 1914 |- | | | ''aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997 [[Image:Aurea mp.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë aurea Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997]] |- | | | ''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | | ''clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892 |- | | | ''eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974) [[Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë eumedusoides (Werner 1974)]] |- | | | ''globifera'' Broch 1914 |- | | | ''hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 |- | | | ''limpida'' Hartlaub 1909 |- | | | ''maculata'' Jarms 1990 |- | | | ''marginata'' Kolliker 1853 [[Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë marginata Kölliker 1853]] |- | | | ''picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902 |- | | | ''planulophora'' (Werner 1971) [[Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)]] |- | | | ''punctata'' Kolliker 1853 * [[Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]][[Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]] | align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M) |- | | | ''racemosa'' (Komai 1936) [[Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë racemosa (Komai, 1936)]] | align=&quot;left&quot; | New Guinea (D, M; Palau (D, M) |- | | | ''rubra'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''thieli'' Jarms 1990 |- | | ''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880 | ''antiqua'' Haeckel 1880* |- | | | ''indica'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | ''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 | ''zibrowii'' Werner 1984* [[Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg|thumb|left|Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner 1974]] |- | Paraphyllinidae Maas 1903 | ''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 | ''intermedia'' Maas 1903* |- | | | ''ransoni'' Russell 1956 |- | | | ''rubra'' Neppi 1915 |- | Periphyllidae Haeckel | ''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 | ''diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885* |- | | ''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 | ''campana'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | | ''quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880* |- | | | ''tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880 |- | | ''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 | ''periphylla'' (Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810*) | align=&quot;left&quot; | Malvinas (D); Norway (D) |- | | ''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhoffen 1900 | ''braueri'' Vanhoffen 1900* |- | | | ''galatheae'' Kramp 1959 |} 

''Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''</text>
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      <id>778</id>
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      <timestamp>2010-02-02T08:46:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 774 by [[Special:Contributions/Jshay|Jshay]] ([[User talk:Jshay|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3867">== Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892  ==

'''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)''' 

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia. 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 


'''Key:''' 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (5)''' 
| '''Genus (13)'''
| '''Species'''

| Atollidae Bigelow 1913 | ''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 | ''chuni'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''gigantea'' Mass 1897 |- | | | ''parva'' Russell 1958 |- | | | ''russelli'' Repelin 1962 |- | | | ''vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 |- | | | ''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 * |- | Atorellidae Vanhoffen 1902 | ''Atorella'' Vanhoffen 1902 | ''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928 |- | | | ''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp;amp; Matsuno 1981 |- | | | ''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp;amp; Youngbluth 1987 |- | | | ''subglobosa'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909 |- | Linuchidae Haechel 1879 | ''Linantha Haechel 1880'' | ''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 * |- | | ''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829 | ''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 [[Image:Linuche5101.JPG|thumb|left|Linuche aquila Haeckel 1880]] |- | | | ''draco'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | | ''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788)* | align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M) |- | Nausithoidae Bigelow 1913 | ''Nausithoe'' Kolliker 1853 | ''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897) |- | | | ''atlantica'' Broch 1914 |- | | | ''aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997 [[Image:Aurea mp.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë aurea Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997]] |- | | | ''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | | ''clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892 |- | | | ''eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974) [[Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë eumedusoides (Werner 1974)]] |- | | | ''globifera'' Broch 1914 |- | | | ''hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 |- | | | ''limpida'' Hartlaub 1909 |- | | | ''maculata'' Jarms 1990 |- | | | ''marginata'' Kolliker 1853 [[Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë marginata Kölliker 1853]] |- | | | ''picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902 |- | | | ''planulophora'' (Werner 1971) [[Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)]] |- | | | ''punctata'' Kolliker 1853 * [[Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]][[Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]] | align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M) |- | | | ''racemosa'' (Komai 1936) [[Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë racemosa (Komai, 1936)]] | align=&quot;left&quot; | New Guinea (D, M; Palau (D, M) |- | | | ''rubra'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''thieli'' Jarms 1990 |- | | ''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880 | ''antiqua'' Haeckel 1880* |- | | | ''indica'' Vanhoffen 1902 |- | | | ''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | ''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 | ''zibrowii'' Werner 1984* [[Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg|thumb|left|Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner 1974]] |- | Paraphyllinidae Maas 1903 | ''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 | ''intermedia'' Maas 1903* |- | | | ''ransoni'' Russell 1956 |- | | | ''rubra'' Neppi 1915 |- | Periphyllidae Haeckel | ''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 | ''diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885* |- | | ''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 | ''campana'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | | ''quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880* |- | | | ''tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880 |- | | ''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 | ''periphylla'' (Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810*) | align=&quot;left&quot; | Malvinas (D); Norway (D) |- | | ''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhoffen 1900 | ''braueri'' Vanhoffen 1900* |- | | | ''galatheae'' Kramp 1959 |} 

''Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>788</id>
      <parentid>778</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3246">*Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia. 

&lt;br&gt;

== Coronatae Species &lt;br&gt; ==

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; '''Key:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

*''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 &lt;br&gt;
*''chuni''&lt;br&gt;
*''gigantea''&lt;br&gt;
*''parva'' Russell 1958 |- | | | &lt;br&gt;
*''russelli'' Repelin 1962 |- | | | &lt;br&gt;
*''vanhoeffeni''&lt;br&gt;
*''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 * |- | &lt;br&gt;

=== &lt;br&gt; ===

*''Atorella''&lt;br&gt;

#''arcturi''&lt;br&gt;
#''japonica''&lt;br&gt;
#''octogonos''&lt;br&gt;
#''subglobosa''&lt;br&gt;
#''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909 |- | &lt;br&gt;

=== &lt;br&gt; ===

*''Linantha Haechel 1880''&lt;br&gt;

#''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 * |- | | &lt;br&gt;

*''Linuche''&lt;br&gt;

#''aquila''&lt;br&gt;
#''draco''&lt;br&gt;
#''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788)* | align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M) |- | &lt;br&gt;

=== &lt;br&gt; ===

*''Nausithoe''&lt;br&gt;

#''albatrossi''&lt;br&gt;
#''atlantica''&lt;br&gt;
#''aurea''&lt;br&gt;
#''challengeri''&lt;br&gt;
#''clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892 |- | | | &lt;br&gt;
#''eumedusoides''&lt;br&gt;
#''globifera''&lt;br&gt;
#''hagenbecki''&lt;br&gt;
#''limpida'' Hartlaub 1909 |- | | | &lt;br&gt;
#''maculata''&lt;br&gt;
#''marginata'' Kolliker 1853&amp;nbsp; |- | | | &lt;br&gt;
#''picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902 |- | | | &lt;br&gt;
#''''punctata'' Kolliker 1853 *&amp;nbsp; | align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M) |- | | | &lt;br&gt;
#''racemosa'' (Komai 1936)&amp;nbsp; | align=&quot;left&quot; | New Guinea (D, M; Palau (D, M) |- | | | &lt;br&gt;
#''rubra''&lt;br&gt;
#''thieli''&lt;br&gt;

*''Palephyra''&lt;br&gt;

#''antiqua''&lt;br&gt;
#''indica''
#''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | | 

*''Thecoscyphus''

#''zibrowii'' Werner 1984*&amp;nbsp; |- | 

===  ===

*''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 | 

#''intermedia'' Maas 1903* |- | | | 
#''ransoni'' Russell 1956 |- | | | 
#''rubra'' Neppi 1915 |- | 

===  ===

*''Nauphantopsis''

#''diomedeae''

*''Pericolpa''

#''campana''
#''quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880* |- | | | 
#''tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880 |- | | 

*''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 | 

#''periphylla''

*''Periphyllopsis''

#''braueri''
#''galatheae'' Kramp 1959 |}

''Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''[[Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg|thumb|left|Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner 1974]][[Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë racemosa (Komai, 1936)]][[Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]][[Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]][[Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)]][[Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë marginata Kölliker 1853]][[Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë eumedusoides (Werner 1974)]][[Image:Aurea mp.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë aurea Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997]][[Image:Linuche5101.JPG|thumb|left|Linuche aquila Haeckel 1880]] 



{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (5)''' 
| '''Genus (13)''' 
| '''Species''' 
| &lt;br&gt;
|}

&lt;br&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>789</id>
      <parentid>788</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T10:01:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3217">*Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Coronatae Species &lt;br&gt;  ==

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; '''Key:&lt;br&gt;''' &lt;br&gt; 

*''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 &lt;br&gt; 
**''chuni''&lt;br&gt; 
**''gigantea''&lt;br&gt; 
**''parva'' Russell 1958 |- | | | &lt;br&gt; 
**''russelli'' Repelin 1962 |- | | | &lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni''&lt;br&gt; 
**''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880 * |- | &lt;br&gt;

=== &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Atorella''&lt;br&gt;
**''arcturi''&lt;br&gt; 
**''japonica''&lt;br&gt; 
**''octogonos''&lt;br&gt; 
**''subglobosa''&lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909 |- | &lt;br&gt;

=== &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Linantha Haechel 1880''&lt;br&gt;
**''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880 * |- | | &lt;br&gt;
*''Linuche''&lt;br&gt;
**''aquila''&lt;br&gt; 
**''draco''&lt;br&gt; 
**''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788)* | align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M) |- | &lt;br&gt;

=== &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Nausithoe''&lt;br&gt;
**''albatrossi''&lt;br&gt; 
**''atlantica''&lt;br&gt; 
**''aurea''&lt;br&gt; 
**''challengeri''&lt;br&gt; 
**''clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892 |- | | | &lt;br&gt; 
**''eumedusoides''&lt;br&gt; 
**''globifera''&lt;br&gt; 
**''hagenbecki''&lt;br&gt; 
**''limpida'' Hartlaub 1909 |- | | | &lt;br&gt; 
**''maculata''&lt;br&gt; 
**''marginata'' Kolliker 1853&amp;nbsp; |- | | | &lt;br&gt; 
**''picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902 |- | | | &lt;br&gt; 
**''''punctata'' Kolliker 1853 *&amp;nbsp; | align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M) |- | | | &lt;br&gt; 
**''racemosa'' (Komai 1936)&amp;nbsp; | align=&quot;left&quot; | New Guinea (D, M; Palau (D, M) |- | | | &lt;br&gt; 
**''rubra''&lt;br&gt; 
**''thieli''&lt;br&gt;

*''Palephyra''&lt;br&gt;
**''antiqua''&lt;br&gt; 
**''indica'' 
**''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880) |- | |

*''Thecoscyphus''
**''zibrowii'' Werner 1984*&amp;nbsp; |- |

===  ===

*''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 |
**''intermedia'' Maas 1903* |- | | | 
**''ransoni'' Russell 1956 |- | | | 
**''rubra'' Neppi 1915 |- |

===  ===

*''Nauphantopsis''
**''diomedeae''
**''Pericolpa''
**''campana'' 
**''quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880* |- | | | 
**''tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880 |- | |
*''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 |
**''periphylla''
*''Periphyllopsis''
**''braueri'' 
**''galatheae'' Kramp 1959 |}

''Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''[[Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg|thumb|left|Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner 1974]][[Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë racemosa (Komai, 1936)]][[Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]][[Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]][[Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)]][[Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë marginata Kölliker 1853]][[Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë eumedusoides (Werner 1974)]][[Image:Aurea mp.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë aurea Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997]][[Image:Linuche5101.JPG|thumb|left|Linuche aquila Haeckel 1880]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>790</id>
      <parentid>789</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T10:07:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3141">*Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Coronatae Species &lt;br&gt;  ==

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; '''Key:'''

'''Family (5)'''

*Genus (13)
*Species (33)'''&lt;br&gt;''' &lt;br&gt; 
*''Atolla'' (Haeckel 1880) &lt;br&gt; 
**''chuni''&lt;br&gt; 
**''gigantea''&lt;br&gt; 
**''parva'' (Russell 1958) &lt;br&gt; 
**''russelli'' (Repelin 1962) &lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni''&lt;br&gt; 
**''wyvillei'' (Haeckel 1880) *&lt;br&gt;

=== &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Atorella''&lt;br&gt; 
**''arcturi''&lt;br&gt; 
**''japonica''&lt;br&gt; 
**''octogonos''&lt;br&gt; 
**''subglobosa''&lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Bigelow 1909)&lt;br&gt;

=== &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Linantha ''(Haechel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''lunulata'' (Haeckel 1880)*&amp;nbsp; &lt;br&gt; 
*''Linuche''&lt;br&gt; 
**''aquila''&lt;br&gt; 
**''draco''&lt;br&gt; 
**''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788; Palau D, M)*&lt;br&gt;

=== &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Nausithoe''&lt;br&gt; 
**''albatrossi''&lt;br&gt; 
**''atlantica''&lt;br&gt; 
**''aurea''&lt;br&gt; 
**''challengeri''&lt;br&gt; 
**''clausi'' (Vanhoffen 1892) &lt;br&gt; 
**''eumedusoides''&lt;br&gt; 
**''globifera''&lt;br&gt; 
**''hagenbecki''&lt;br&gt; 
**''limpida'' (Hartlaub 1909) &lt;br&gt; 
**''maculata''&lt;br&gt; 
**''marginata'' (Kolliker 1853)&amp;nbsp; &lt;br&gt; 
**''picta'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) &lt;br&gt; 
**''punctata'' (Kolliker 1853; Palau, D, M)*&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br&gt; 
**''racemosa'' (Komai 1936; New Guinea; D, M; Palau; D, M) &lt;br&gt; 
**''rubra''&lt;br&gt; 
**''thieli''&lt;br&gt;

*''Palephyra''&lt;br&gt; 
**''antiqua''&lt;br&gt; 
**''indica'' 
**''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880) &lt;br&gt;

*''Thecoscyphus'' 
**''zibrowii'' (Werner 1984)* &lt;br&gt;

===  ===

*''Paraphyllina'' (Maas 1903) 
**''intermedia'' (Maas 1903)* 
**''ransoni'' (Russell 1956)&amp;nbsp; 
**''rubra'' (Neppi 1915)&amp;nbsp;

===  ===

*''Nauphantopsis'' 
**''diomedeae'' 
**''Pericolpa'' 
**''campana'' 
**''quadrigata'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''tetrealina'' (Haeckel 1880) 
*''Periphylla'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''periphylla'' 
*''Periphyllopsis'' 
**''braueri'' 
**''galatheae'' (Kramp 1959)

''Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''[[Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg|thumb|left|Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner 1974]][[Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë racemosa (Komai, 1936)]][[Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]][[Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]][[Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)]][[Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë marginata Kölliker 1853]][[Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë eumedusoides (Werner 1974)]][[Image:Aurea mp.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë aurea Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997]][[Image:Linuche5101.JPG|thumb|left|Linuche aquila Haeckel 1880]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>791</id>
      <parentid>790</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T10:28:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3255">*Order Coronatae Vanhoffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Coronatae Species &lt;br&gt;  ==

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; '''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)''' 

*Genus (13) 
*Species (33)'''&lt;br&gt;''' &lt;br&gt; 
*''Atolla'' (Haeckel 1880) &lt;br&gt; 
**''chuni''&lt;br&gt; 
**''gigantea''&lt;br&gt; 
**''parva'' (Russell 1958) &lt;br&gt; 
**''russelli'' (Repelin 1962) &lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni''[[Image:Linuche5101.JPG|thumb|right|Linuche aquila Haeckel 1880]] 
**''wyvillei'' (Haeckel 1880) *&lt;br&gt;

=== &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Atorella''&lt;br&gt; 
**''arcturi''&lt;br&gt; 
**''japonica''&lt;br&gt; 
**''octogonos'' 
**''subglobosa''&lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Bigelow 1909)[[Image:Aurea mp.jpg|thumb|right|215x85px|Nausithoë aurea Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997]]

===  ===

*''Linantha ''(Haechel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''lunulata'' (Haeckel 1880)*&amp;nbsp; &lt;br&gt;
===  ===

*''Linuche'' 
**''aquila'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880)[[Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg|thumb|right|Nausithoë eumedusoides (Werner 1974)]] 
**''draco''&lt;br&gt; 
**''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788; Palau D, M)*&lt;br&gt;

===  ===

===  ===

*''Nausithoe'' 
**''albatrossi''&lt;br&gt; 
**''atlantica'' 
**''aurea'' '''(pictured)'''&lt;br&gt; 
**''challengeri''&lt;br&gt; 
**''clausi'' (Vanhoffen 1892)&amp;nbsp; 
**''eumedusoides '''''(pictured)''' 
**''globifera''&lt;br&gt; 
**''hagenbecki'' 
**''limpida'' (Hartlaub 1909) &lt;br&gt; 
**''maculata''[[Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg|thumb|right|Nausithoë marginata Kölliker 1853]] 
**''marginata'' ('''pictured''', Kolliker 1853)&amp;nbsp; &lt;br&gt; 
**''picta'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
**''punctata'' (Kolliker 1853; Palau, D, M)*&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br&gt; 
**''racemosa'' (Komai 1936; New Guinea; D, M; Palau; D, M) &lt;br&gt; 
**''rubra'' 
**''thieli''

*''Palephyra''&lt;br&gt; 
**''antiqua'' 
**''indica'' 
**''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880)&amp;nbsp;

*''Thecoscyphus'' 
**''zibrowii'' '''(pictured''', Werner 1984)*&amp;nbsp;

[[Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg|thumb|right|Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner 1974]]

===  ===

*''Paraphyllina'' (Maas 1903)&amp;nbsp;
**''intermedia'' (Maas 1903)* 
**''ransoni'' (Russell 1956)&amp;nbsp; 
**''rubra'' (Neppi 1915)&amp;nbsp;

===  ===

*''Nauphantopsis'' 
**''diomedeae'' 
**''Pericolpa'' 
**''campana'' 
**''quadrigata'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''tetrealina'' (Haeckel 1880)&amp;nbsp; 
*''Periphylla'' (Haeckel 1880)&amp;nbsp;
**''periphylla'' 
*''Periphyllopsis'' 
**''braueri'' 
**''galatheae'' (Kramp 1959)

''*Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''&lt;br&gt;

[[Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë racemosa (Komai, 1936)]][[Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg|thumb|center|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]]

[[Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)]] 

[[Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg|thumb|center|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>799</id>
      <parentid>791</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T20:34:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3410">*Order Coronatae Vanhöffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.&lt;br&gt; 

== Coronatae Species &lt;br&gt;  ==

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; '''Key:''' 

'''Family (6)''' 

*Genus (12) 
*&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;Atollidae&lt;br&gt; ===

Bigelow 1913

*''Atolla'' (Haeckel 1880) &lt;br&gt; 
**''chuni&amp;nbsp; ''&lt;br&gt; 
**''gigantea''&lt;br&gt; 
**''parva'' (Russell 1958) &lt;br&gt; 
**''russelli'' (Repelin 1962) &lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni''[[Image:Linuche5101.JPG|thumb|right|Linuche aquila Haeckel 1880]] 
**''wyvillei'' (Haeckel 1880) *&lt;br&gt;

=== Atorellidae&lt;br&gt;  ===

Vanhöffen 1902&lt;br&gt;

*''Atorella'' &lt;br&gt; 
**''arcturi'' &lt;br&gt; 
**''japonica''&lt;br&gt; 
**''octogonos'' 
**''subglobosa''&lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Bigelow 1909)[[Image:Aurea mp.jpg|thumb|right|215x85px|Nausithoë aurea Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997]]



=== Linuchidae ===

Haeckel 1879

*''Linantha ''(Haechel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''lunulata'' (Haeckel 1880)*&amp;nbsp; 

*''Linuche'' 
**''aquila'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880)[[Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg|thumb|right|Nausithoë eumedusoides (Werner 1974)]] 
**''draco''&lt;br&gt; 
**''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788; Palau D, M)*&lt;br&gt;

===  ===

=== Nausithoidae ===

Bigelow 1913

*''Nausithoe'' 
**''albatrossi''&lt;br&gt; 
**''atlantica'' 
**''aurea'' '''(pictured)'''&lt;br&gt; 
**''challengeri''&lt;br&gt; 
**''clausi'' (Vanhoffen 1892)&amp;nbsp; 
**''eumedusoides '''''(pictured)''' 
**''globifera''&lt;br&gt; 
**''hagenbecki'' 
**''limpida'' (Hartlaub 1909) &lt;br&gt; 
**''maculata''[[Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg|thumb|right|Nausithoë marginata Kölliker 1853]] 
**''marginata'' ('''pictured''', Kolliker 1853)&amp;nbsp; &lt;br&gt; 
**''picta'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 
**''punctata'' (Kolliker 1853; Palau, D, M)*&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br&gt; 
**''racemosa'' (Komai 1936; New Guinea; D, M; Palau; D, M) &lt;br&gt; 
**''rubra'' 
**''thieli''

*''Palephyra''&lt;br&gt; 
**''antiqua'' 
**''indica'' 
**''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880)&amp;nbsp;

*''Thecoscyphus'' 
**''zibrowii'' '''(pictured''', Werner 1984)*&amp;nbsp;

[[Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg|thumb|right|Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner 1974]] 



=== Paraphyllinidae ===

Maas 1903

*''Paraphyllina'' (Maas 1903)&amp;nbsp; 
**''intermedia'' (Maas 1903)* 
**''ransoni'' (Russell 1956)&amp;nbsp; 
**''rubra'' (Neppi 1915)&amp;nbsp;



=== Periphyllidae ===

Haeckel 1880

*''Nauphantopsis'' 
**''diomedeae'' 
**''Pericolpa'' 
**''campana'' 
**''quadrigata'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''tetrealina'' (Haeckel 1880)&amp;nbsp; 
*''Periphylla'' (Haeckel 1880)&amp;nbsp; 
**''periphylla'' 
*''Periphyllopsis'' 
**''braueri'' 
**''galatheae'' (Kramp 1959)

''*Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë racemosa (Komai, 1936)]][[Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg|thumb|center|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]] 

[[Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)]] 

[[Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg|thumb|center|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>800</id>
      <parentid>799</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T21:01:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3750">*Order Coronatae Vanhöffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.&lt;br&gt; 

== Coronatae Species &lt;br&gt;  ==

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; '''Key:''' 

'''Family (6)''' 

*Genus (12) 
*&lt;br&gt;

=== Atollidae === 

Bigelow 1913 

*''Atolla'' (Haeckel 1880) &lt;br&gt; 
**''chuni'' (Vanhöffen 1902)&lt;br&gt; 
**''gigantea'' (Maas 1897)&lt;br&gt; 
**''parva''  &lt;br&gt; 
**''russelli'' (Repelin 1962) &lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni''(Russell 1957)[[Image:Linuche5101.JPG|thumb|right|Linuche aquila Haeckel 1880]] 
**''wyvillei'' (Haeckel 1880)*&lt;br&gt;

=== Atorellidae ===

Vanhöffen 1902&lt;br&gt; 

*''Atorella'' (Vanhöffen 1902) &lt;br&gt; 
**''arcturi'' (Bigelow 1928)&lt;br&gt; 
**''japonica'' (Kawaguti &amp; Matsuno 1981)&lt;br&gt; 
**''octogonos'' (Mills, Larson &amp; Youngbluth 1987) 
**''subglobosa'' (Vanhöffen 1902 *)&lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Bigelow 1909)[[Image:Aurea mp.jpg|thumb|right|215x85px|Nausithoë aurea Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997]]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Linuchidae  ===

Haeckel 1879 

*''Linantha ''(Haechel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''lunulata'' (Haeckel 1880)*

*''Linuche''(Eschscholtz 1829) 
**''aquila'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880)[[Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg|thumb|right|Nausithoë eumedusoides (Werner 1974)]] 
**''draco'' (Haeckel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788; Palau D, M)*&lt;br&gt;


=== Nausithoidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Nausithoe'' (Kölliker 1853) 
**''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897)&lt;br&gt; 
**''atlantica'' (Broch 1914)
**''aurea'' ('''pictured''', Silveira &amp; Morandini 1997)&lt;br&gt; 
**''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''clausi'' (Vanhoffen 1892); 
**''eumedusoides'' ('''pictured''', Werner 1974) 
**''globifera'' (Broch 1914)&lt;br&gt; 
**''hagenbecki'' (Jarms 2001)
**''limpida'' (Hartlaub 1909) &lt;br&gt; 
**''maculata''(Jarms 1990)[[Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg|thumb|right|Nausithoë marginata Kölliker 1853]] 
**''marginata'' ('''pictured''', Kolliker 1853)&lt;br&gt; 
**''picta'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1902)
**''planulophora'' ('''pictured''', Werner 1971)
**''punctata'' ('''pictured''', Kolliker 1853; Palau, D, M)*&lt;br&gt; 
**''racemosa'' ('''pictured''', Komai 1936; New Guinea; D, M; Palau; D, M) &lt;br&gt; 
**''rubra'' () 
**''thieli'' ()

*''Palephyra''&lt;br&gt; 
**''antiqua'' 
**''indica'' 
**''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880)&amp;nbsp;

*''Thecoscyphus'' 
**''zibrowii'' '''(pictured''', Werner 1984)*&amp;nbsp;

[[Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg|thumb|right|Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner 1974]] 

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Paraphyllinidae  ===

Maas 1903 

*''Paraphyllina'' (Maas 1903)&amp;nbsp; 
**''intermedia'' (Maas 1903)* 
**''ransoni'' (Russell 1956)&amp;nbsp; 
**''rubra'' (Neppi 1915)&amp;nbsp;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Periphyllidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Nauphantopsis'' 
**''diomedeae'' 
**''Pericolpa'' 
**''campana'' 
**''quadrigata'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''tetrealina'' (Haeckel 1880)&amp;nbsp; 
*''Periphylla'' (Haeckel 1880)&amp;nbsp; 
**''periphylla'' 
*''Periphyllopsis'' 
**''braueri'' 
**''galatheae'' (Kramp 1959)

''*Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë racemosa (Komai, 1936)]][[Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg|thumb|center|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]] 

[[Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)]] 

[[Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg|thumb|center|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>801</id>
      <parentid>800</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T21:09:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3952">*Order Coronatae Vanhöffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.&lt;br&gt; 

== Coronatae Species &lt;br&gt;  ==

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; '''Key:''' 

'''Family (6)''' 

*Genus (12) 
**Species (47)
&lt;br&gt;

=== Atollidae === 

Bigelow 1913 

*''Atolla'' (Haeckel 1880) &lt;br&gt; 
**''chuni'' (Vanhöffen 1902)&lt;br&gt; 
**''gigantea'' (Maas 1897)&lt;br&gt; 
**''parva''  &lt;br&gt; 
**''russelli'' (Repelin 1962) &lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni''(Russell 1957)[[Image:Linuche5101.JPG|thumb|right|Linuche aquila Haeckel 1880]] 
**''wyvillei'' (Haeckel 1880)*&lt;br&gt;

=== Atorellidae ===

Vanhöffen 1902&lt;br&gt; 

*''Atorella'' (Vanhöffen 1902) &lt;br&gt; 
**''arcturi'' (Bigelow 1928)&lt;br&gt; 
**''japonica'' (Kawaguti &amp; Matsuno 1981)&lt;br&gt; 
**''octogonos'' (Mills, Larson &amp; Youngbluth 1987) 
**''subglobosa'' (Vanhöffen 1902 *)&lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Bigelow 1909)[[Image:Aurea mp.jpg|thumb|right|215x85px|Nausithoë aurea Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997]]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Linuchidae  ===

Haeckel 1879 

*''Linantha ''(Haechel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''lunulata'' (Haeckel 1880)*

*''Linuche''(Eschscholtz 1829) 
**''aquila'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880)[[Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg|thumb|right|Nausithoë eumedusoides (Werner 1974)]] 
**''draco'' (Haeckel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788; Palau D, M)*&lt;br&gt;


=== Nausithoidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Nausithoe'' (Kölliker 1853) 
**''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897)&lt;br&gt; 
**''atlantica'' (Broch 1914)
**''aurea'' ('''pictured''', Silveira &amp; Morandini 1997)&lt;br&gt; 
**''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''clausi'' (Vanhoffen 1892); 
**''eumedusoides'' ('''pictured''', Werner 1974) 
**''globifera'' (Broch 1914)&lt;br&gt; 
**''hagenbecki'' (Jarms 2001)
**''limpida'' (Hartlaub 1909) &lt;br&gt; 
**''maculata''(Jarms 1990)[[Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg|thumb|right|Nausithoë marginata Kölliker 1853]] 
**''marginata'' ('''pictured''', Kolliker 1853)&lt;br&gt; 
**''picta'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1902)
**''planulophora'' ('''pictured''', Werner 1971)
**''punctata'' ('''pictured''', Kolliker 1853; Palau, D, M)*&lt;br&gt; 
**''racemosa'' ('''pictured''', Komai 1936; New Guinea; D, M; Palau; D, M) &lt;br&gt; 
**''rubra'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''thieli'' (Jarms 1990)

*''Palephyra'' (Haeckel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''antiqua'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''indica'' (Vanhöffen 1902)
**''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880)

*''Thecoscyphus'' (Werner 1984)
**''zibrowii'' ('''pictured''', Werner 1984)*

[[Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg|thumb|right|Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner 1974]] 

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Paraphyllinidae  ===

(Maas 1903) 

*''Paraphyllina'' (Maas 1903) 
**''intermedia'' (Maas 1903)* 
**''ransoni'' (Russell 1956) 
**''rubra'' (Neppi 1915)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Periphyllidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Nauphantopsis'' (Fewkes 1885) 
**''diomedeae'' (Fewkes 1885)*
*''Pericolpa'' (Haeckel 1880)
**''campana'' (Haeckel 1880)
**''quadrigata'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''tetrealina'' (Haeckel 1880) 
*''Periphylla'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''periphylla'' (Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810; Malvinas (D), Norway (D))*
*''Periphyllopsis'' (Vanhöffen 1900)
**''braueri'' (Vanhöffen 1900)*
**''galatheae'' (Kramp 1959)

''*Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë racemosa (Komai, 1936)]][[Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg|thumb|center|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]] 

[[Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)]] 

[[Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg|thumb|center|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>802</id>
      <parentid>801</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T21:14:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4012">*Order Coronatae Vanhöffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.&lt;br&gt; 

== Coronatae Species &lt;br&gt;  ==

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; '''Key:''' 

'''Family (6)''' 

*Genus (12) 
**Species (47)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Atollidae  ===

(Bigelow 1913) 

*''Atolla'' (Haeckel 1880) &lt;br&gt; 
**''chuni'' (Vanhöffen 1902)&lt;br&gt; 
**''gigantea'' (Maas 1897)&lt;br&gt; 
**''parva'' (Russell 1958)&lt;br&gt; 
**''russelli'' (Repelin 1962) &lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni''(Russell 1957)[[Image:Linuche5101.JPG|thumb|right|Linuche aquila Haeckel 1880]] 
**''wyvillei'' (Haeckel 1880)*&lt;br&gt;

=== Atorellidae  ===

(Vanhöffen 1902)&lt;br&gt; 

*''Atorella'' (Vanhöffen 1902) &lt;br&gt; 
**''arcturi'' (Bigelow 1928)&lt;br&gt; 
**''japonica'' (Kawaguti &amp;amp; Matsuno 1981)&lt;br&gt; 
**''octogonos'' (Mills, Larson &amp;amp; Youngbluth 1987) 
**''subglobosa'' (Vanhöffen 1902)*&lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Bigelow 1909)[[Image:Aurea mp.jpg|thumb|right|215x85px|Nausithoë aurea Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997]]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Linuchidae  ===

(Haeckel 1879) 

*''Linantha ''(Haechel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''lunulata'' (Haeckel 1880)*

*''Linuche''(Eschscholtz 1829) 
**''aquila'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880)[[Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg|thumb|right|Nausithoë eumedusoides (Werner 1974)]] 
**''draco'' (Haeckel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788; Palau D, M)*&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Nausithoidae  ===

(Bigelow 1913) 

*''Nausithoe'' (Kölliker 1853) 
**''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897)&lt;br&gt; 
**''atlantica'' (Broch 1914) 
**''aurea'' ('''pictured''', Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997)&lt;br&gt; 
**''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''clausi'' (Vanhoffen 1892); 
**''eumedusoides'' ('''pictured''', Werner 1974) 
**''globifera'' (Broch 1914)&lt;br&gt; 
**''hagenbecki'' (Jarms 2001) 
**''limpida'' (Hartlaub 1909) &lt;br&gt; 
**''maculata''(Jarms 1990)[[Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg|thumb|right|Nausithoë marginata Kölliker 1853]] 
**''marginata'' ('''pictured''', Kolliker 1853)&lt;br&gt; 
**''picta'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''planulophora'' ('''pictured''', Werner 1971) 
**''punctata'' ('''pictured''', Kolliker 1853; Palau, D, M)*&lt;br&gt; 
**''racemosa'' ('''pictured''', Komai 1936; New Guinea; D, M; Palau; D, M) &lt;br&gt; 
**''rubra'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''thieli'' (Jarms 1990)

*''Palephyra'' (Haeckel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''antiqua'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''indica'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880)

*''Thecoscyphus'' (Werner 1984) 
**''zibrowii'' ('''pictured''', Werner 1984)*

[[Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg|thumb|right|Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner 1974]] 

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Paraphyllinidae  ===

(Maas 1903) 

*''Paraphyllina'' (Maas 1903) 
**''intermedia'' (Maas 1903)* 
**''ransoni'' (Russell 1956) 
**''rubra'' (Neppi 1915)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Periphyllidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Nauphantopsis'' (Fewkes 1885) 
**''diomedeae'' (Fewkes 1885)*
*''Pericolpa'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''campana'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''quadrigata'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''tetrealina'' (Haeckel 1880)
*''Periphylla'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''periphylla'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810; Malvinas (D), Norway (D))*
*''Periphyllopsis'' (Vanhöffen 1900) 
**''braueri'' (Vanhöffen 1900)* 
**''galatheae'' (Kramp 1959)



''*Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë racemosa (Komai, 1936)]][[Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg|thumb|center|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]] 

[[Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)]] 

[[Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg|thumb|center|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>808</id>
      <parentid>802</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T21:40:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Coronatae Species  */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3941">*Order Coronatae Vanhöffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.&lt;br&gt; 

== Coronatae Species &lt;br&gt;  ==

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; '''Key:''' 

'''Family (6)''' 

*Genus (12) 
**Species (47)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Atollidae  ===

(Bigelow 1913) 

*''Atolla'' (Haeckel 1880) &lt;br&gt; 
**''chuni'' (Vanhöffen 1902)&lt;br&gt; 
**''gigantea'' (Maas 1897)&lt;br&gt; 
**''parva'' (Russell 1958)&lt;br&gt; 
**''russelli'' (Repelin 1962) &lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni''(Russell 1957)[[Image:Linuche5101.JPG|thumb|right|Linuche aquila Haeckel 1880]] 
**''wyvillei'' (Haeckel 1880)*&lt;br&gt;

=== Atorellidae  ===

(Vanhöffen 1902)&lt;br&gt; 

*''Atorella'' (Vanhöffen 1902) &lt;br&gt; 
**''arcturi'' (Bigelow 1928)&lt;br&gt; 
**''japonica'' (Kawaguti &amp;amp; Matsuno 1981)&lt;br&gt; 
**''octogonos'' (Mills, Larson &amp;amp; Youngbluth 1987) 
**''subglobosa'' (Vanhöffen 1902)*&lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Bigelow 1909)[[Image:Aurea mp.jpg|thumb|right|215x85px|Nausithoë aurea Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997]]

=== Linuchidae  ===

(Haeckel 1879) 

*''Linantha ''(Haechel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''lunulata'' (Haeckel 1880)*

*''Linuche''(Eschscholtz 1829) 
**''aquila'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880)[[Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg|thumb|right|Nausithoë eumedusoides (Werner 1974)]] 
**''draco'' (Haeckel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788; Palau D, M)*

=== Nausithoidae  ===

(Bigelow 1913) 

*''Nausithoe'' (Kölliker 1853) 
**''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897)&lt;br&gt; 
**''atlantica'' (Broch 1914) 
**''aurea'' ('''pictured''', Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997)
**''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''clausi'' (Vanhoffen 1892); 
**''eumedusoides'' ('''pictured''', Werner 1974) 
**''globifera'' (Broch 1914) 
**''hagenbecki'' (Jarms 2001) 
**''limpida'' (Hartlaub 1909)  
**''maculata''(Jarms 1990)[[Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg|thumb|right|Nausithoë marginata Kölliker 1853]] 
**''marginata'' ('''pictured''', Kolliker 1853)
**''picta'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''planulophora'' ('''pictured''', Werner 1971) 
**''punctata'' ('''pictured''', Kolliker 1853; Palau, D, M)*
**''racemosa'' ('''pictured''', Komai 1936; New Guinea; D, M; Palau; D, M) 
**''rubra'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''thieli'' (Jarms 1990)
*''Palephyra'' (Haeckel 1880)
**''antiqua'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''indica'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''pelagica'' (Haeckel 1880)
*''Thecoscyphus'' (Werner 1984) 
**''zibrowii'' ('''pictured''', Werner 1984)*

[[Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg|thumb|right|Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner 1974]] 

=== Paraphyllinidae  ===

(Maas 1903) 

*''Paraphyllina'' (Maas 1903) 
**''intermedia'' (Maas 1903)* 
**''ransoni'' (Russell 1956) 
**''rubra'' (Neppi 1915)

=== Periphyllidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Nauphantopsis'' (Fewkes 1885) 
**''diomedeae'' (Fewkes 1885)*
*''Pericolpa'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''campana'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''quadrigata'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''tetrealina'' (Haeckel 1880)
*''Periphylla'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''periphylla'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810; Malvinas (D), Norway (D))*
*''Periphyllopsis'' (Vanhöffen 1900) 
**''braueri'' (Vanhöffen 1900)* 
**''galatheae'' (Kramp 1959)



''*Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë racemosa (Komai, 1936)]][[Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg|thumb|center|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]] 

[[Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)]] 

[[Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg|thumb|center|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>989</id>
      <parentid>808</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T22:42:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3794">*Order Coronatae Vanhöffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.&lt;br&gt; 

== Coronatae Species &lt;br&gt;  ==

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; '''Key:''' 

'''Family (6)''' 

*Genus (12) 
**Species (47)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Atollidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 &lt;br&gt; 
**''chuni'' Vanhöffen 1902&lt;br&gt; 
**''gigantea'' Maas 1897&lt;br&gt; 
**''parva'' Russell 1958&lt;br&gt; 
**''russelli'' Repelin 1962 &lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni''Russell 1957 
**''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880*&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== Atorellidae  ===

Vanhöffen 1902&lt;br&gt; 

*''Atorella'' Vanhöffen 1902 &lt;br&gt; 
**''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928&lt;br&gt; 
**''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp;amp; Matsuno 1981&lt;br&gt; 
**''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp;amp; Youngbluth 1987 
**''subglobosa'' Vanhöffen 1902*&lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909
&lt;br&gt;
=== Linuchidae  ===

Haeckel 1879 

*''Linantha ''Haechel 1880&lt;br&gt; 
**''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880*

*''Linuche''Eschscholtz 1829 '''pictured'''
**''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''draco'' (Haeckel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788) *

[[Image:Linuche5101.JPG|thumb|right|Linuche aquila Haeckel 1880]] 
&lt;br&gt;
=== Nausithoidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Nausithoe'' Kölliker 1853 
**''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897)&lt;br&gt; 
**''atlantica'' Broch 1914 
**''aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997  '''pictured'''
**''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892; 
**''eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)  '''pictured'''
**''globifera'' Broch 1914 
**''hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 
**''limpida'' Hartlaub 1909  
**''maculata''Jarms 1990 
**''marginata'' Kolliker 1853  '''pictured'''
**''picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902 
**''planulophora'' (Werner 1971)  '''pictured''' 
**''punctata'' Kolliker 1853 *  '''pictured'''
**''racemosa'' (Komai 1936) '''pictured'''
**''rubra'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''thieli'' Jarms 1990
**''werneri'' Jarms 1990
*''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880
**''antiqua'' Haeckel 1880* 
**''indica'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''pelagica'' Haeckel 1880
*''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 
**''zibrowii'' (Werner 1984*  '''pictured'''

[[Image:Aurea mp.jpg|thumb|right|215x85px|Nausithoë aurea Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997]]
[[Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg|thumb|right|Nausithoë eumedusoides (Werner 1974)]]
[[Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg|thumb|right|Nausithoë marginata Kölliker 1853]]
[[Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg|thumb|right|Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner 1974]] 

=== Paraphyllinidae  ===

Maas 1903 

*''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 
**''intermedia'' Maas 1903* 
**''ransoni'' Russell 1956 
**''rubra'' Neppi 1915

=== Periphyllidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 
**''diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885*
*''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''campana'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880
*''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 
**''periphylla'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) *
*''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhöffen 1900 
**''braueri'' Vanhöffen 1900 * 
**''galatheae'' Kramp 1959



''*Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë racemosa (Komai, 1936)]][[Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg|thumb|center|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]] 

[[Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)]] 

[[Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg|thumb|center|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>990</id>
      <parentid>989</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T22:45:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3823">*Order Coronatae Vanhöffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.&lt;br&gt; 

== Coronatae Species &lt;br&gt;  ==

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; '''Key:''' 

'''Family (6)''' 

*Genus (12) 
**Species (47)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Atollidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 &lt;br&gt; 
**''chuni'' Vanhöffen 1902&lt;br&gt; 
**''gigantea'' Maas 1897&lt;br&gt; 
**''parva'' Russell 1958&lt;br&gt; 
**''russelli'' Repelin 1962 &lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni''Russell 1957 
**''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880*&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== Atorellidae  ===

Vanhöffen 1902&lt;br&gt; 

*''Atorella'' Vanhöffen 1902 &lt;br&gt; 
**''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928&lt;br&gt; 
**''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp;amp; Matsuno 1981&lt;br&gt; 
**''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp;amp; Youngbluth 1987 
**''subglobosa'' Vanhöffen 1902*&lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909
&lt;br&gt;
=== Linuchidae  ===

Haeckel 1879 

*''Linantha ''Haechel 1880&lt;br&gt; 
**''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880*

*''Linuche''Eschscholtz 1829 '''pictured'''
**''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''draco'' (Haeckel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788) *

&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=3&gt; 
Image:Linuche5101.JPG |Linuche aquila Haeckel 1880
&lt;/gallery&gt;

&lt;br&gt;
=== Nausithoidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Nausithoe'' Kölliker 1853 
**''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897)&lt;br&gt; 
**''atlantica'' Broch 1914 
**''aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997  '''pictured'''
**''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892; 
**''eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)  '''pictured'''
**''globifera'' Broch 1914 
**''hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 
**''limpida'' Hartlaub 1909  
**''maculata''Jarms 1990 
**''marginata'' Kolliker 1853  '''pictured'''
**''picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902 
**''planulophora'' (Werner 1971)  '''pictured''' 
**''punctata'' Kolliker 1853 *  '''pictured'''
**''racemosa'' (Komai 1936) '''pictured'''
**''rubra'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''thieli'' Jarms 1990
**''werneri'' Jarms 1990
*''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880
**''antiqua'' Haeckel 1880* 
**''indica'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''pelagica'' Haeckel 1880
*''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 
**''zibrowii'' (Werner 1984*  '''pictured'''

[[Image:Aurea mp.jpg|thumb|right|215x85px|Nausithoë aurea Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997]]
[[Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg|thumb|right|Nausithoë eumedusoides (Werner 1974)]]
[[Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg|thumb|right|Nausithoë marginata Kölliker 1853]]
[[Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg|thumb|right|Thecoscyphus zibrowii Werner 1974]] 

=== Paraphyllinidae  ===

Maas 1903 

*''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 
**''intermedia'' Maas 1903* 
**''ransoni'' Russell 1956 
**''rubra'' Neppi 1915

=== Periphyllidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 
**''diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885*
*''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''campana'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880
*''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 
**''periphylla'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) *
*''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhöffen 1900 
**''braueri'' Vanhöffen 1900 * 
**''galatheae'' Kramp 1959



''*Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë racemosa (Komai, 1936)]][[Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg|thumb|center|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]] 

[[Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg|thumb|left|Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)]] 

[[Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg|thumb|center|Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>991</id>
      <parentid>990</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T22:52:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3774">*Order Coronatae Vanhöffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.&lt;br&gt; 

== Coronatae Species &lt;br&gt;  ==

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; '''Key:''' 

'''Family (6)''' 

*Genus (12) 
**Species (47)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Atollidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 &lt;br&gt; 
**''chuni'' Vanhöffen 1902&lt;br&gt; 
**''gigantea'' Maas 1897&lt;br&gt; 
**''parva'' Russell 1958&lt;br&gt; 
**''russelli'' Repelin 1962 &lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni''Russell 1957 
**''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880*&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== Atorellidae  ===

Vanhöffen 1902&lt;br&gt; 

*''Atorella'' Vanhöffen 1902 &lt;br&gt; 
**''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928&lt;br&gt; 
**''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp;amp; Matsuno 1981&lt;br&gt; 
**''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp;amp; Youngbluth 1987 
**''subglobosa'' Vanhöffen 1902*&lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909
&lt;br&gt;
=== Linuchidae  ===

Haeckel 1879 

*''Linantha ''Haechel 1880&lt;br&gt; 
**''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880*

*''Linuche''Eschscholtz 1829 '''pictured'''
**''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''draco'' (Haeckel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788) *

&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=3&gt; 
Image:Linuche5101.JPG | ''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880
&lt;/gallery&gt;

&lt;br&gt;
=== Nausithoidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Nausithoe'' Kölliker 1853 
**''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897)&lt;br&gt; 
**''atlantica'' Broch 1914 
**''aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997  '''pictured'''
**''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892; 
**''eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)  '''pictured'''
**''globifera'' Broch 1914 
**''hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 
**''limpida'' Hartlaub 1909  
**''maculata''Jarms 1990 
**''marginata'' Kolliker 1853  '''pictured'''
**''picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902 
**''planulophora'' (Werner 1971)  '''pictured''' 
**''punctata'' Kolliker 1853 *  '''pictured'''
**''racemosa'' (Komai 1936) '''pictured'''
**''rubra'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''thieli'' Jarms 1990
**''werneri'' Jarms 1990
*''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880
**''antiqua'' Haeckel 1880* 
**''indica'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''pelagica'' Haeckel 1880
*''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 
**''zibrowii'' Werner 1984*  '''pictured'''
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=4&gt; 
Image:Aurea mp.jpg | ''Nausithoë aurea'' Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997
Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)
Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë marginata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg | Nausithoë planulophora (Werner 1971)
Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg | Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853
Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg | Nausithoë punctata Kölliker 1853
Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg | Nausithoë racemosa (Komai, 1936)
Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg | ''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1984

&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;


=== Paraphyllinidae  ===

Maas 1903 

*''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 
**''intermedia'' Maas 1903* 
**''ransoni'' Russell 1956 
**''rubra'' Neppi 1915

=== Periphyllidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 
**''diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885*
*''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''campana'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880
*''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 
**''periphylla'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) *
*''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhöffen 1900 
**''braueri'' Vanhöffen 1900 * 
**''galatheae'' Kramp 1959

&lt;br&gt;
''*Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>992</id>
      <parentid>991</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T22:53:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nausithoidae */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3789">*Order Coronatae Vanhöffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.&lt;br&gt; 

== Coronatae Species &lt;br&gt;  ==

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; '''Key:''' 

'''Family (6)''' 

*Genus (12) 
**Species (47)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Atollidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 &lt;br&gt; 
**''chuni'' Vanhöffen 1902&lt;br&gt; 
**''gigantea'' Maas 1897&lt;br&gt; 
**''parva'' Russell 1958&lt;br&gt; 
**''russelli'' Repelin 1962 &lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni''Russell 1957 
**''wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880*&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== Atorellidae  ===

Vanhöffen 1902&lt;br&gt; 

*''Atorella'' Vanhöffen 1902 &lt;br&gt; 
**''arcturi'' Bigelow 1928&lt;br&gt; 
**''japonica'' Kawaguti &amp;amp; Matsuno 1981&lt;br&gt; 
**''octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp;amp; Youngbluth 1987 
**''subglobosa'' Vanhöffen 1902*&lt;br&gt; 
**''vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909
&lt;br&gt;
=== Linuchidae  ===

Haeckel 1879 

*''Linantha ''Haechel 1880&lt;br&gt; 
**''lunulata'' Haeckel 1880*

*''Linuche''Eschscholtz 1829 '''pictured'''
**''aquila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''draco'' (Haeckel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788) *

&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=3&gt; 
Image:Linuche5101.JPG | ''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880
&lt;/gallery&gt;

&lt;br&gt;
=== Nausithoidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Nausithoe'' Kölliker 1853 
**''albatrossi'' (Maas 1897)&lt;br&gt; 
**''atlantica'' Broch 1914 
**''aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997  '''pictured'''
**''challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892; 
**''eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)  '''pictured'''
**''globifera'' Broch 1914 
**''hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 
**''limpida'' Hartlaub 1909  
**''maculata''Jarms 1990 
**''marginata'' Kolliker 1853  '''pictured'''
**''picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902 
**''planulophora'' (Werner 1971)  '''pictured''' 
**''punctata'' Kolliker 1853 *  '''pictured'''
**''racemosa'' (Komai 1936) '''pictured'''
**''rubra'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''thieli'' Jarms 1990
**''werneri'' Jarms 1990
*''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880
**''antiqua'' Haeckel 1880* 
**''indica'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''pelagica'' Haeckel 1880
*''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 
**''zibrowii'' Werner 1984*  '''pictured'''
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=4&gt; 
Image:Aurea mp.jpg | ''Nausithoë aurea'' Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997
Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)
Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë marginata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë planulophora'' (Werner 1971)
Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg | ''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg | ''Nausithoë racemosa'' (Komai, 1936)
Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg | ''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1984

&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== Paraphyllinidae  ===

Maas 1903 

*''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 
**''intermedia'' Maas 1903* 
**''ransoni'' Russell 1956 
**''rubra'' Neppi 1915

=== Periphyllidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 
**''diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885*
*''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''campana'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880
*''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 
**''periphylla'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) *
*''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhöffen 1900 
**''braueri'' Vanhöffen 1900 * 
**''galatheae'' Kramp 1959

&lt;br&gt;
''*Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1050</id>
      <parentid>992</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T05:41:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4256">*Order Coronatae Vanhöffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.&lt;br&gt; 

== Coronatae Species &lt;br&gt;  ==

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; '''Key:''' 

'''Family (6)''' 

*Genus (12) 
**Species (47)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Atollidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 &lt;br&gt; 
**''Atolla chuni'' Vanhöffen 1902&lt;br&gt; 
**''Atolla gigantea'' Maas 1897&lt;br&gt; 
**''Atolla parva'' Russell 1958&lt;br&gt; 
**''Atolla russelli'' Repelin 1962 &lt;br&gt; 
**''Atolla vanhoeffeni''Russell 1957 
**''Atolla wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880*&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== Atorellidae  ===

Vanhöffen 1902&lt;br&gt; 

*''Atorella'' Vanhöffen 1902 &lt;br&gt; 
**''Atorella arcturi'' Bigelow 1928&lt;br&gt; 
**''Atorella japonica'' Kawaguti &amp;amp; Matsuno 1981&lt;br&gt; 
**''Atorella octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp;amp; Youngbluth 1987 
**''Atorella subglobosa'' Vanhöffen 1902*&lt;br&gt; 
**''Atorella vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909
&lt;br&gt;
=== Linuchidae  ===

Haeckel 1879 

*''Linantha ''Haechel 1880&lt;br&gt; 
**''Linantha lunulata'' Haeckel 1880*

*''Linuche''Eschscholtz 1829 '''pictured'''
**''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Linuche draco'' (Haeckel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''Linuche unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788) *

&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=3&gt; 
Image:Linuche5101.JPG | ''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880
&lt;/gallery&gt;

&lt;br&gt;
=== Nausithoidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Nausithoe'' Kölliker 1853 
**''Nausithoe albatrossi'' (Maas 1897)&lt;br&gt; 
**''Nausithoe atlantica'' Broch 1914 
**''Nausithoe aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Nausithoe clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892; 
**''Nausithoe eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe globifera'' Broch 1914 
**''Nausithoe hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 
**''Nausithoe limpida'' Hartlaub 1909  
**''Nausithoe maculata''Jarms 1990 
**''Nausithoe marginata'' Kolliker 1853  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902 
**''Nausithoe planulophora'' (Werner 1971)  '''pictured''' 
**''Nausithoe punctata'' Kolliker 1853 *  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe racemosa'' (Komai 1936) '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe rubra'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Nausithoe thieli'' Jarms 1990
**''Nausithoe werneri'' Jarms 1990
*''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880
**''Palephyra antiqua'' Haeckel 1880* 
**''Palephyra indica'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Palephyra pelagica'' Haeckel 1880
*''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 
**''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1984*  '''pictured'''
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=4&gt; 
Image:Aurea mp.jpg | ''Nausithoë aurea'' Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997
Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)
Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë marginata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë planulophora'' (Werner 1971)
Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg | ''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg | ''Nausithoë racemosa'' (Komai, 1936)
Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg | ''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1984

&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== Paraphyllinidae  ===

Maas 1903 

*''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 
**''Paraphyllina intermedia'' Maas 1903* 
**''Paraphyllina ransoni'' Russell 1956 
**''Paraphyllina rubra'' Neppi 1915

=== Periphyllidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 
**''Nauphantopsis diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885*
*''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Pericolpa campana'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Pericolpa quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Pericolpa tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880
*''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Periphylla periphylla'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) *
*''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhöffen 1900 
**''Periphyllopsis braueri'' Vanhöffen 1900 * 
**''Periphyllopsis galatheae'' Kramp 1959

&lt;br&gt;
''*Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1051</id>
      <parentid>1050</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T05:42:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Linuchidae */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4259">*Order Coronatae Vanhöffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.&lt;br&gt; 

== Coronatae Species &lt;br&gt;  ==

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; '''Key:''' 

'''Family (6)''' 

*Genus (12) 
**Species (47)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Atollidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 &lt;br&gt; 
**''Atolla chuni'' Vanhöffen 1902&lt;br&gt; 
**''Atolla gigantea'' Maas 1897&lt;br&gt; 
**''Atolla parva'' Russell 1958&lt;br&gt; 
**''Atolla russelli'' Repelin 1962 &lt;br&gt; 
**''Atolla vanhoeffeni''Russell 1957 
**''Atolla wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880*&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== Atorellidae  ===

Vanhöffen 1902&lt;br&gt; 

*''Atorella'' Vanhöffen 1902 &lt;br&gt; 
**''Atorella arcturi'' Bigelow 1928&lt;br&gt; 
**''Atorella japonica'' Kawaguti &amp;amp; Matsuno 1981&lt;br&gt; 
**''Atorella octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp;amp; Youngbluth 1987 
**''Atorella subglobosa'' Vanhöffen 1902*&lt;br&gt; 
**''Atorella vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909
&lt;br&gt;
=== Linuchidae  ===

Haeckel 1879 

*''Linantha ''Haechel 1880&lt;br&gt; 
**''Linantha lunulata'' Haeckel 1880*

*''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Linuche draco'' (Haeckel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''Linuche unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788) *  '''pictured'''

&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=3&gt; 
Image:Linuche5101.JPG | ''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880
&lt;/gallery&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

=== Nausithoidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Nausithoe'' Kölliker 1853 
**''Nausithoe albatrossi'' (Maas 1897)&lt;br&gt; 
**''Nausithoe atlantica'' Broch 1914 
**''Nausithoe aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Nausithoe clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892; 
**''Nausithoe eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe globifera'' Broch 1914 
**''Nausithoe hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 
**''Nausithoe limpida'' Hartlaub 1909  
**''Nausithoe maculata''Jarms 1990 
**''Nausithoe marginata'' Kolliker 1853  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902 
**''Nausithoe planulophora'' (Werner 1971)  '''pictured''' 
**''Nausithoe punctata'' Kolliker 1853 *  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe racemosa'' (Komai 1936) '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe rubra'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Nausithoe thieli'' Jarms 1990
**''Nausithoe werneri'' Jarms 1990
*''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880
**''Palephyra antiqua'' Haeckel 1880* 
**''Palephyra indica'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Palephyra pelagica'' Haeckel 1880
*''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 
**''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1984*  '''pictured'''
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=4&gt; 
Image:Aurea mp.jpg | ''Nausithoë aurea'' Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997
Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)
Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë marginata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë planulophora'' (Werner 1971)
Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg | ''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg | ''Nausithoë racemosa'' (Komai, 1936)
Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg | ''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1984

&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== Paraphyllinidae  ===

Maas 1903 

*''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 
**''Paraphyllina intermedia'' Maas 1903* 
**''Paraphyllina ransoni'' Russell 1956 
**''Paraphyllina rubra'' Neppi 1915

=== Periphyllidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 
**''Nauphantopsis diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885*
*''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Pericolpa campana'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Pericolpa quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Pericolpa tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880
*''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Periphylla periphylla'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) *
*''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhöffen 1900 
**''Periphyllopsis braueri'' Vanhöffen 1900 * 
**''Periphyllopsis galatheae'' Kramp 1959

&lt;br&gt;
''*Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1052</id>
      <parentid>1051</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T05:42:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Linuchidae */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4259">*Order Coronatae Vanhöffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

&lt;br&gt; Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.&lt;br&gt; 

== Coronatae Species &lt;br&gt;  ==

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; '''Key:''' 

'''Family (6)''' 

*Genus (12) 
**Species (47)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Atollidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880 &lt;br&gt; 
**''Atolla chuni'' Vanhöffen 1902&lt;br&gt; 
**''Atolla gigantea'' Maas 1897&lt;br&gt; 
**''Atolla parva'' Russell 1958&lt;br&gt; 
**''Atolla russelli'' Repelin 1962 &lt;br&gt; 
**''Atolla vanhoeffeni''Russell 1957 
**''Atolla wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880*&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== Atorellidae  ===

Vanhöffen 1902&lt;br&gt; 

*''Atorella'' Vanhöffen 1902 &lt;br&gt; 
**''Atorella arcturi'' Bigelow 1928&lt;br&gt; 
**''Atorella japonica'' Kawaguti &amp;amp; Matsuno 1981&lt;br&gt; 
**''Atorella octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp;amp; Youngbluth 1987 
**''Atorella subglobosa'' Vanhöffen 1902*&lt;br&gt; 
**''Atorella vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909
&lt;br&gt;
=== Linuchidae  ===

Haeckel 1879 

*''Linantha ''Haechel 1880&lt;br&gt; 
**''Linantha lunulata'' Haeckel 1880*

*''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880  '''pictured''' 
**''Linuche draco'' (Haeckel 1880)&lt;br&gt; 
**''Linuche unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788) *

&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=3&gt; 
Image:Linuche5101.JPG | ''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880
&lt;/gallery&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

=== Nausithoidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Nausithoe'' Kölliker 1853 
**''Nausithoe albatrossi'' (Maas 1897)&lt;br&gt; 
**''Nausithoe atlantica'' Broch 1914 
**''Nausithoe aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Nausithoe clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892; 
**''Nausithoe eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe globifera'' Broch 1914 
**''Nausithoe hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 
**''Nausithoe limpida'' Hartlaub 1909  
**''Nausithoe maculata''Jarms 1990 
**''Nausithoe marginata'' Kolliker 1853  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902 
**''Nausithoe planulophora'' (Werner 1971)  '''pictured''' 
**''Nausithoe punctata'' Kolliker 1853 *  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe racemosa'' (Komai 1936) '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe rubra'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Nausithoe thieli'' Jarms 1990
**''Nausithoe werneri'' Jarms 1990
*''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880
**''Palephyra antiqua'' Haeckel 1880* 
**''Palephyra indica'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Palephyra pelagica'' Haeckel 1880
*''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 
**''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1984*  '''pictured'''
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=4&gt; 
Image:Aurea mp.jpg | ''Nausithoë aurea'' Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997
Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)
Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë marginata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë planulophora'' (Werner 1971)
Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg | ''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg | ''Nausithoë racemosa'' (Komai, 1936)
Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg | ''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1984

&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== Paraphyllinidae  ===

Maas 1903 

*''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 
**''Paraphyllina intermedia'' Maas 1903* 
**''Paraphyllina ransoni'' Russell 1956 
**''Paraphyllina rubra'' Neppi 1915

=== Periphyllidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 
**''Nauphantopsis diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885*
*''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Pericolpa campana'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Pericolpa quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Pericolpa tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880
*''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Periphylla periphylla'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) *
*''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhöffen 1900 
**''Periphyllopsis braueri'' Vanhöffen 1900 * 
**''Periphyllopsis galatheae'' Kramp 1959

&lt;br&gt;
''*Compiled by M.N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1101</id>
      <parentid>1052</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T05:47:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+references, -extra lines</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4525">*Order Coronatae Vanhöffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.

== Coronatae Species ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

=== Key ===

'''Family (6)''' 
* Genus (12) 
** Species (47)

=== Atollidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880
**''Atolla chuni'' Vanhöffen 1902
**''Atolla gigantea'' Maas 1897
**''Atolla parva'' Russell 1958
**''Atolla russelli'' Repelin 1962
**''Atolla vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 
**''Atolla wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880*

=== Atorellidae  ===

Vanhöffen 1902 

*''Atorella'' Vanhöffen 1902
**''Atorella arcturi'' Bigelow 1928
**''Atorella japonica'' Kawaguti &amp; Matsuno 1981
**''Atorella octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp; Youngbluth 1987 
**''Atorella subglobosa'' Vanhöffen 1902*
**''Atorella vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909

=== Linuchidae  ===

Haeckel 1879 

*''Linantha ''Haechel 1880
**''Linantha lunulata'' Haeckel 1880*
*''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880  '''pictured''' 
**''Linuche draco'' (Haeckel 1880)
**''Linuche unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788) *

&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:Linuche5101.JPG|''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Nausithoidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Nausithoe'' Kölliker 1853 
**''Nausithoe albatrossi'' (Maas 1897)
**''Nausithoe atlantica'' Broch 1914 
**''Nausithoe aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Nausithoe clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892; 
**''Nausithoe eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe globifera'' Broch 1914 
**''Nausithoe hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 
**''Nausithoe limpida'' Hartlaub 1909  
**''Nausithoe maculata''Jarms 1990 
**''Nausithoe marginata'' Kolliker 1853  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902 
**''Nausithoe planulophora'' (Werner 1971)  '''pictured''' 
**''Nausithoe punctata'' Kolliker 1853 *  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe racemosa'' (Komai 1936) '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe rubra'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Nausithoe thieli'' Jarms 1990
**''Nausithoe werneri'' Jarms 1990
*''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880
**''Palephyra antiqua'' Haeckel 1880* 
**''Palephyra indica'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Palephyra pelagica'' Haeckel 1880
*''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 
**''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1984*  '''pictured'''

&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=4&gt; 
Image:Aurea mp.jpg | ''Nausithoë aurea'' Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997
Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)
Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë marginata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë planulophora'' (Werner 1971)
Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg | ''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg | ''Nausithoë racemosa'' (Komai, 1936)
Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg | ''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1984

&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Paraphyllinidae  ===

Maas 1903 

*''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 
**''Paraphyllina intermedia'' Maas 1903* 
**''Paraphyllina ransoni'' Russell 1956 
**''Paraphyllina rubra'' Neppi 1915

=== Periphyllidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 
**''Nauphantopsis diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885*
*''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Pericolpa campana'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Pericolpa quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Pericolpa tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880
*''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Periphylla periphylla'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) *
*''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhöffen 1900 
**''Periphyllopsis braueri'' Vanhöffen 1900 * 
**''Periphyllopsis galatheae'' Kramp 1959

==References==

* Kramp, P. L. (1961). Synopsis of the Medusae of the World. ''Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom'' '''40''': 1–469. [http://www.mba.ac.uk/nmbl/publications/jmba_40/jmba_40.htm Full text]
* Mianzan H. W., Cornelius P. F. S. (1999). Cubomedusae and Scyphomedusae, p. 513–559. In: Boltovskoy D. (ed.) ''South Atlantic zooplankton''. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.

==Authors==

''* Compiled by M. N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1167</id>
      <parentid>1101</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:22:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4549">*Order Coronatae Vanhöffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.

== Coronatae Species ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

=== Key ===

'''Family (6)''' 
* Genus (12) 
** Species (47)

=== Atollidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880
**''Atolla chuni'' Vanhöffen 1902
**''Atolla gigantea'' Maas 1897
**''Atolla parva'' Russell 1958
**''Atolla russelli'' Repelin 1962
**''Atolla vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 
**''Atolla wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880*

=== Atorellidae  ===

Vanhöffen 1902 

*''Atorella'' Vanhöffen 1902
**''Atorella arcturi'' Bigelow 1928
**''Atorella japonica'' Kawaguti &amp; Matsuno 1981
**''Atorella octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp; Youngbluth 1987 
**''Atorella subglobosa'' Vanhöffen 1902*
**''Atorella vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909

=== Linuchidae  ===

Haeckel 1879 

*''Linantha ''Haechel 1880
**''Linantha lunulata'' Haeckel 1880*
*''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880  '''pictured''' 
**''Linuche draco'' (Haeckel 1880)
**''Linuche unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788) *

&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:Linuche5101.JPG|''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Nausithoidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Nausithoe'' Kölliker 1853 
**''Nausithoe albatrossi'' (Maas 1897)
**''Nausithoe atlantica'' Broch 1914 
**''Nausithoe aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Nausithoe clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892; 
**''Nausithoe eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe globifera'' Broch 1914 
**''Nausithoe hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 
**''Nausithoe limpida'' Hartlaub 1909  
**''Nausithoe maculata''Jarms 1990 
**''Nausithoe marginata'' Kolliker 1853  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902 
**''Nausithoe planulophora'' (Werner 1971)  '''pictured''' 
**''Nausithoe punctata'' Kolliker 1853 *  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe racemosa'' (Komai 1936) '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe rubra'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Nausithoe thieli'' Jarms 1990
**''Nausithoe werneri'' Jarms 1990
*''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880
**''Palephyra antiqua'' Haeckel 1880* 
**''Palephyra indica'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Palephyra pelagica'' Haeckel 1880
*''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 
**''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1984*  '''pictured'''

&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=4&gt; 
Image:Aurea mp.jpg | ''Nausithoë aurea'' Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997
Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)
Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë marginata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë planulophora'' (Werner 1971)
Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg | ''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg | ''Nausithoë racemosa'' (Komai, 1936)
Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg | ''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1984

&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Paraphyllinidae  ===

Maas 1903 

*''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 
**''Paraphyllina intermedia'' Maas 1903* 
**''Paraphyllina ransoni'' Russell 1956 
**''Paraphyllina rubra'' Neppi 1915

=== Periphyllidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 
**''Nauphantopsis diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885*
*''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Pericolpa campana'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Pericolpa quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Pericolpa tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880
*''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Periphylla periphylla'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) *
*''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhöffen 1900 
**''Periphyllopsis braueri'' Vanhöffen 1900 * 
**''Periphyllopsis galatheae'' Kramp 1959

==References==

* Kramp, P. L. (1961). Synopsis of the Medusae of the World. ''Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom'' '''40''': 1–469. [http://www.mba.ac.uk/nmbl/publications/jmba_40/jmba_40.htm Full text]
* Mianzan H. W., Cornelius P. F. S. (1999). Cubomedusae and Scyphomedusae, p. 513–559. In: Boltovskoy D. (ed.) ''South Atlantic zooplankton''. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.

==Authors==

* ''Compiled by M. N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1300</id>
      <parentid>1167</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:48:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>re-cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4549">*Order Coronatae Vanhöffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.

== Coronatae Species ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

=== Key ===

'''Family (6)''' 
* Genus (12) 
** Species (47)

=== Atollidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880
**''Atolla chuni'' Vanhöffen 1902
**''Atolla gigantea'' Maas 1897
**''Atolla parva'' Russell 1958
**''Atolla russelli'' Repelin 1962
**''Atolla vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 
**''Atolla wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880*

=== Atorellidae  ===

Vanhöffen 1902 

*''Atorella'' Vanhöffen 1902
**''Atorella arcturi'' Bigelow 1928
**''Atorella japonica'' Kawaguti &amp; Matsuno 1981
**''Atorella octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp; Youngbluth 1987 
**''Atorella subglobosa'' Vanhöffen 1902*
**''Atorella vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909

=== Linuchidae  ===

Haeckel 1879 

*''Linantha ''Haechel 1880
**''Linantha lunulata'' Haeckel 1880*
*''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880  '''pictured''' 
**''Linuche draco'' (Haeckel 1880)
**''Linuche unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788) *

&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:Linuche5101.JPG|''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Nausithoidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Nausithoe'' Kölliker 1853 
**''Nausithoe albatrossi'' (Maas 1897)
**''Nausithoe atlantica'' Broch 1914 
**''Nausithoe aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Nausithoe clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892; 
**''Nausithoe eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe globifera'' Broch 1914 
**''Nausithoe hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 
**''Nausithoe limpida'' Hartlaub 1909  
**''Nausithoe maculata''Jarms 1990 
**''Nausithoe marginata'' Kolliker 1853  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902 
**''Nausithoe planulophora'' (Werner 1971)  '''pictured''' 
**''Nausithoe punctata'' Kolliker 1853 *  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe racemosa'' (Komai 1936) '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe rubra'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Nausithoe thieli'' Jarms 1990
**''Nausithoe werneri'' Jarms 1990
*''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880
**''Palephyra antiqua'' Haeckel 1880* 
**''Palephyra indica'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Palephyra pelagica'' Haeckel 1880
*''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 
**''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1984*  '''pictured'''

&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=4&gt; 
Image:Aurea mp.jpg | ''Nausithoë aurea'' Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997
Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)
Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë marginata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë planulophora'' (Werner 1971)
Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg | ''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg | ''Nausithoë racemosa'' (Komai, 1936)
Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg | ''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1984

&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Paraphyllinidae  ===

Maas 1903 

*''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 
**''Paraphyllina intermedia'' Maas 1903* 
**''Paraphyllina ransoni'' Russell 1956 
**''Paraphyllina rubra'' Neppi 1915

=== Periphyllidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 
**''Nauphantopsis diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885*
*''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Pericolpa campana'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Pericolpa quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Pericolpa tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880
*''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Periphylla periphylla'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) *
*''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhöffen 1900 
**''Periphyllopsis braueri'' Vanhöffen 1900 * 
**''Periphyllopsis galatheae'' Kramp 1959

==References==

* Kramp, P. L. (1961). Synopsis of the Medusae of the World. ''Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom'' '''40''': 1–469. [http://www.mba.ac.uk/nmbl/publications/jmba_40/jmba_40.htm Full text]
* Mianzan H. W., Cornelius P. F. S. (1999). Cubomedusae and Scyphomedusae, p. 513–559. In: Boltovskoy D. (ed.) ''South Atlantic zooplankton''. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.

==Authors==

* ''Compiled by M. N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''

[[Category:Coronatae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1605</id>
      <parentid>1300</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-21T23:47:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nausithoidae */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4606">*Order Coronatae Vanhöffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.

== Coronatae Species ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

=== Key ===

'''Family (6)''' 
* Genus (12) 
** Species (47)

=== Atollidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880
**''Atolla chuni'' Vanhöffen 1902
**''Atolla gigantea'' Maas 1897
**''Atolla parva'' Russell 1958
**''Atolla russelli'' Repelin 1962
**''Atolla vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 
**''Atolla wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880*

=== Atorellidae  ===

Vanhöffen 1902 

*''Atorella'' Vanhöffen 1902
**''Atorella arcturi'' Bigelow 1928
**''Atorella japonica'' Kawaguti &amp; Matsuno 1981
**''Atorella octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp; Youngbluth 1987 
**''Atorella subglobosa'' Vanhöffen 1902*
**''Atorella vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909

=== Linuchidae  ===

Haeckel 1879 

*''Linantha ''Haechel 1880
**''Linantha lunulata'' Haeckel 1880*
*''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880  '''pictured''' 
**''Linuche draco'' (Haeckel 1880)
**''Linuche unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788) *

&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:Linuche5101.JPG|''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Nausithoidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Nausithoe'' Kölliker 1853 
**''Nausithoe albatrossi'' (Maas 1897)
**''Nausithoe atlantica'' Broch 1914 
**''Nausithoe aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Nausithoe clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892; 
**''Nausithoe eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe globifera'' Broch 1914 
**''Nausithoe hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 
**''Nausithoe limpida'' Hartlaub 1909  
**''Nausithoe maculata''Jarms 1990 
**''Nausithoe marginata'' Kolliker 1853  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902 
**''Nausithoe planulophora'' (Werner 1971)  '''pictured''' 
**''Nausithoe punctata'' Kolliker 1853 *  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe racemosa'' (Komai 1936) '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe rubra'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Nausithoe sorbei'' Jarms, Tiemann, &amp;amp; Prados 2003
**''Nausithoe thieli'' Jarms 1990
**''Nausithoe werneri'' Jarms 1990
*''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880
**''Palephyra antiqua'' Haeckel 1880* 
**''Palephyra indica'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Palephyra pelagica'' Haeckel 1880
*''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 
**''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1984*  '''pictured'''

&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=4&gt; 
Image:Aurea mp.jpg | ''Nausithoë aurea'' Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997
Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)
Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë marginata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë planulophora'' (Werner 1971)
Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg | ''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg | ''Nausithoë racemosa'' (Komai, 1936)
Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg | ''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1984

&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Paraphyllinidae  ===

Maas 1903 

*''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 
**''Paraphyllina intermedia'' Maas 1903* 
**''Paraphyllina ransoni'' Russell 1956 
**''Paraphyllina rubra'' Neppi 1915

=== Periphyllidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 
**''Nauphantopsis diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885*
*''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Pericolpa campana'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Pericolpa quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Pericolpa tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880
*''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Periphylla periphylla'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) *
*''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhöffen 1900 
**''Periphyllopsis braueri'' Vanhöffen 1900 * 
**''Periphyllopsis galatheae'' Kramp 1959

==References==

* Kramp, P. L. (1961). Synopsis of the Medusae of the World. ''Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom'' '''40''': 1–469. [http://www.mba.ac.uk/nmbl/publications/jmba_40/jmba_40.htm Full text]
* Mianzan H. W., Cornelius P. F. S. (1999). Cubomedusae and Scyphomedusae, p. 513–559. In: Boltovskoy D. (ed.) ''South Atlantic zooplankton''. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.

==Authors==

* ''Compiled by M. N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''

[[Category:Coronatae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1606</id>
      <parentid>1605</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-21T23:47:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Key */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4606">*Order Coronatae Vanhöffen 1892 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.

== Coronatae Species ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) Collections: M = morphology; D = DNA; Type = * 

=== Key ===

'''Family (6)''' 
* Genus (12) 
** Species (48)

=== Atollidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Atolla'' Haeckel 1880
**''Atolla chuni'' Vanhöffen 1902
**''Atolla gigantea'' Maas 1897
**''Atolla parva'' Russell 1958
**''Atolla russelli'' Repelin 1962
**''Atolla vanhoeffeni'' Russell 1957 
**''Atolla wyvillei'' Haeckel 1880*

=== Atorellidae  ===

Vanhöffen 1902 

*''Atorella'' Vanhöffen 1902
**''Atorella arcturi'' Bigelow 1928
**''Atorella japonica'' Kawaguti &amp; Matsuno 1981
**''Atorella octogonos'' Mills, Larson &amp; Youngbluth 1987 
**''Atorella subglobosa'' Vanhöffen 1902*
**''Atorella vanhoeffeni'' Bigelow 1909

=== Linuchidae  ===

Haeckel 1879 

*''Linantha ''Haechel 1880
**''Linantha lunulata'' Haeckel 1880*
*''Linuche'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880  '''pictured''' 
**''Linuche draco'' (Haeckel 1880)
**''Linuche unguiculata'' (Swartz 1788) *

&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:Linuche5101.JPG|''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Nausithoidae  ===

Bigelow 1913 

*''Nausithoe'' Kölliker 1853 
**''Nausithoe albatrossi'' (Maas 1897)
**''Nausithoe atlantica'' Broch 1914 
**''Nausithoe aurea'' Silveira &amp;amp; Morandini 1997  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe challengeri'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Nausithoe clausi'' Vanhoffen 1892; 
**''Nausithoe eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe globifera'' Broch 1914 
**''Nausithoe hagenbecki'' Jarms 2001 
**''Nausithoe limpida'' Hartlaub 1909  
**''Nausithoe maculata''Jarms 1990 
**''Nausithoe marginata'' Kolliker 1853  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe picta'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902 
**''Nausithoe planulophora'' (Werner 1971)  '''pictured''' 
**''Nausithoe punctata'' Kolliker 1853 *  '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe racemosa'' (Komai 1936) '''pictured'''
**''Nausithoe rubra'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Nausithoe sorbei'' Jarms, Tiemann, &amp;amp; Prados 2003
**''Nausithoe thieli'' Jarms 1990
**''Nausithoe werneri'' Jarms 1990
*''Palephyra'' Haeckel 1880
**''Palephyra antiqua'' Haeckel 1880* 
**''Palephyra indica'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Palephyra pelagica'' Haeckel 1880
*''Thecoscyphus'' Werner 1984 
**''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1984*  '''pictured'''

&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=4&gt; 
Image:Aurea mp.jpg | ''Nausithoë aurea'' Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997
Image:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)
Image:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë marginata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë planulophora'' (Werner 1971)
Image:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg | ''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:NausithoePunctata.jpg | ''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853
Image:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg | ''Nausithoë racemosa'' (Komai, 1936)
Image:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg | ''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1984

&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Paraphyllinidae  ===

Maas 1903 

*''Paraphyllina'' Maas 1903 
**''Paraphyllina intermedia'' Maas 1903* 
**''Paraphyllina ransoni'' Russell 1956 
**''Paraphyllina rubra'' Neppi 1915

=== Periphyllidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Nauphantopsis'' Fewkes 1885 
**''Nauphantopsis diomedeae'' Fewkes 1885*
*''Pericolpa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Pericolpa campana'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Pericolpa quadrigata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Pericolpa tetrealina'' Haeckel 1880
*''Periphylla'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Periphylla periphylla'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) *
*''Periphyllopsis'' Vanhöffen 1900 
**''Periphyllopsis braueri'' Vanhöffen 1900 * 
**''Periphyllopsis galatheae'' Kramp 1959

==References==

* Kramp, P. L. (1961). Synopsis of the Medusae of the World. ''Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom'' '''40''': 1–469. [http://www.mba.ac.uk/nmbl/publications/jmba_40/jmba_40.htm Full text]
* Mianzan H. W., Cornelius P. F. S. (1999). Cubomedusae and Scyphomedusae, p. 513–559. In: Boltovskoy D. (ed.) ''South Atlantic zooplankton''. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.

==Authors==

* ''Compiled by M. N. Dawson, G. Jarms, and A. C. Morandini.''

[[Category:Coronatae]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Crambionella</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>69</id>
    <revision>
      <id>429</id>
      <timestamp>2009-10-20T20:48:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Characteristics of the Genus   (from Kramp 1961)'''   Catostylidae with a narrow, wide-meshed, intracircular anastomosing network, not stretching far towards the centre, and communicati...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="287">'''Characteristics of the Genus   (from Kramp 1961)'''


Catostylidae with a narrow, wide-meshed, intracircular anastomosing network, not stretching far towards the centre, and communicating only with the ring canal; mouth-arms with short terminal clubs, but without whip-like filaments.</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cubomedusae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>62</id>
    <revision>
      <id>406</id>
      <timestamp>2009-10-19T19:37:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page:  == Class CUBOZOA Werner 1975  Order CUBOMEDUSAE Haeckel 1877 ==    '''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)'''  Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with f...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2678">
== Class CUBOZOA Werner 1975

Order CUBOMEDUSAE Haeckel 1877 ==
 

'''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)'''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium).

----

The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (5)''' || '''Genus (13)''' || '''Species (32)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Carybdeidae Gegenbaur 1856  || ''Carybdea'' Peron &amp; Lesueur ||''marsupialis'' (Linne 1758*)  || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''rastoni'' Haacke 1886 || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Sydney (D, M) 
|-
|  ||  || ''sivickisi'' Stiasny 1926 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''xaymacana'' Conant 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 || ''binata'' Moore 1988||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cystophora'' Conant 1897* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Kakaban (D, M); Florida (D, M)
|-
| ''[[Alatinidae]]'' Gershwin 2005 || ''[[Alatina]]'' Gershwin 2005 || ''alata'' (Reynaud 1830)* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D, M)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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    <revision>
      <id>409</id>
      <parentid>406</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-19T19:41:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2676">== Class CUBOZOA Werner 1975 Order CUBOMEDUSAE Haeckel 1877 ==
 

'''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)'''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium).

----

The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (5)''' || '''Genus (13)''' || '''Species (32)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Carybdeidae Gegenbaur 1856  || ''Carybdea'' Peron &amp; Lesueur ||''marsupialis'' (Linne 1758*)  || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''rastoni'' Haacke 1886 || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Sydney (D, M) 
|-
|  ||  || ''sivickisi'' Stiasny 1926 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''xaymacana'' Conant 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 || ''binata'' Moore 1988||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cystophora'' Conant 1897* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Kakaban (D, M); Florida (D, M)
|-
| ''[[Alatinidae]]'' Gershwin 2005 || ''[[Alatina]]'' Gershwin 2005 || ''alata'' (Reynaud 1830)* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D, M)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>410</id>
      <parentid>409</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-19T20:04:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Class CUBOZOA Werner 1975 Order CUBOMEDUSAE Haeckel 1877 */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2685">== Class CUBOZOA (Werner 1975) ==
==Order CUBOMEDUSAE (Haeckel 1877) ==
 

'''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)'''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium).

----

The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (5)''' || '''Genus (13)''' || '''Species (32)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Carybdeidae Gegenbaur 1856  || ''Carybdea'' Peron &amp; Lesueur ||''marsupialis'' (Linne 1758*)  || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''rastoni'' Haacke 1886 || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Sydney (D, M) 
|-
|  ||  || ''sivickisi'' Stiasny 1926 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''xaymacana'' Conant 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 || ''binata'' Moore 1988||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cystophora'' Conant 1897* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Kakaban (D, M); Florida (D, M)
|-
| ''[[Alatinidae]]'' Gershwin 2005 || ''[[Alatina]]'' Gershwin 2005 || ''alata'' (Reynaud 1830)* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D, M)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>411</id>
      <parentid>410</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-19T20:04:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2686">'''Class CUBOZOA (Werner 1975)'''
'''Order CUBOMEDUSAE (Haeckel 1877)'''
 

'''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)'''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium).

----

The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (5)''' || '''Genus (13)''' || '''Species (32)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Carybdeidae Gegenbaur 1856  || ''Carybdea'' Peron &amp; Lesueur ||''marsupialis'' (Linne 1758*)  || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''rastoni'' Haacke 1886 || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Sydney (D, M) 
|-
|  ||  || ''sivickisi'' Stiasny 1926 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''xaymacana'' Conant 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 || ''binata'' Moore 1988||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cystophora'' Conant 1897* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Kakaban (D, M); Florida (D, M)
|-
| ''[[Alatinidae]]'' Gershwin 2005 || ''[[Alatina]]'' Gershwin 2005 || ''alata'' (Reynaud 1830)* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D, M)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>412</id>
      <parentid>411</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-19T20:49:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2692">'''Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)'''
-
'''Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)'''
 

'''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)'''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium).

----

The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (5)''' || '''Genus (13)''' || '''Species (32)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Carybdeidae Gegenbaur 1856  || ''Carybdea'' Peron &amp; Lesueur ||''marsupialis'' (Linne 1758*)  || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''rastoni'' Haacke 1886 || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Sydney (D, M) 
|-
|  ||  || ''sivickisi'' Stiasny 1926 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''xaymacana'' Conant 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 || ''binata'' Moore 1988||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cystophora'' Conant 1897* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Kakaban (D, M); Florida (D, M)
|-
| ''[[Alatinidae]]'' Gershwin 2005 || ''[[Alatina]]'' Gershwin 2005 || ''alata'' (Reynaud 1830)* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D, M)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>413</id>
      <parentid>412</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-20T19:15:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4199">'''Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)'''
-
'''Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)'''
 

'''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)'''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium).

----

The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (5)''' || '''Genus (13)''' || '''Species (32)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Carybdeidae Gegenbaur 1856  || ''Carybdea'' Peron &amp; Lesueur ||''marsupialis'' (Linne 1758*)  || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''rastoni'' Haacke 1886 || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Sydney (D, M) 
|-
|  ||  || ''sivickisi'' Stiasny 1926 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''xaymacana'' Conant 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 || ''binata'' Moore 1988||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cystophora'' Conant 1897* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Kakaban (D, M); Florida (D, M)
|-
| ''[[Alatinidae]]'' Gershwin 2005 || ''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 || ''alata'' (Reynaud 1830)* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''grandis'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1902) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''madraspatana'' (Menon 1930) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mordens'' Gershwin 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''moseri'' (Mayer 1906) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rainensis'' Gershwin 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Manokia'' Soutcott 1967 || ''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Tamoyidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 || ''barnesi'' Southcott 1967*||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''shinju'' Gershwin 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp; Alderslade 2005 || ''rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp; Alderslade 2005* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 || ''maxima'' Gershwin 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 || ''haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''haplonema'' Muller 1859* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D, M)
|-
| Chirodropidae Haeckel 1877 || ''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 || ''gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Stiasny 1992 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 || ''fleckeri''  Southcott 1956 * || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Townsvilla (D)
|-
| Chiropsalmidae Thiel 1936 || ''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''alipes'' Gershwin 2006 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''maculatus''  Cornelius et al. 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>414</id>
      <parentid>413</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-20T19:23:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4880">'''Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)'''


'''Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)'''
 

'''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)'''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium).

----

The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (5)''' || '''Genus (13)''' || '''Species (32)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Carybdeidae Gegenbaur 1856  || ''Carybdea'' Peron &amp; Lesueur ||''marsupialis'' (Linne 1758*)  || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''rastoni'' Haacke 1886 || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Sydney (D, M) 
|-
|  ||  || ''sivickisi'' Stiasny 1926 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''xaymacana'' Conant 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 || ''binata'' Moore 1988||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cystophora'' Conant 1897* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Kakaban (D, M); Florida (D, M)
|-
| ''[[Alatinidae]]'' Gershwin 2005 || ''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 || ''alata'' (Reynaud 1830)* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''grandis'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1902) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''madraspatana'' (Menon 1930) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mordens'' Gershwin 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''moseri'' (Mayer 1906) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rainensis'' Gershwin 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Manokia'' Soutcott 1967 || ''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Tamoyidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 || ''barnesi'' Southcott 1967*||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''shinju'' Gershwin 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp; Alderslade 2005 || ''rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp; Alderslade 2005* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 || ''maxima'' Gershwin 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 || ''haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''haplonema'' Muller 1859* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D, M)
|-
| Chirodropidae Haeckel 1877 || ''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 || ''gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Stiasny 1992 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 || ''fleckeri''  Southcott 1956 * || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Townsville (D)
|-
| Chiropsalmidae Thiel 1936 || ''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''alipes'' Gershwin 2006 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''maculatus''  Cornelius et al. 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''quadrumanus'' (Müller 1859)* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''zygonema''  Haeckel 1880 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 || ''buitendijki'' (Horst 1907) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''quadrigatus'' (Haeckel 1880) || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Parangipettai (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''quadrigatus'' (Haeckel 1880) || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  ''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 || ''bronzie''  Gershwin 2006 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}

See Zoo bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information.

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>415</id>
      <parentid>414</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-20T19:24:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4884">'''Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)'''


'''Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)'''
 

'''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)'''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium).


----


The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.


Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (5)''' || '''Genus (13)''' || '''Species (32)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Carybdeidae Gegenbaur 1856  || ''Carybdea'' Peron &amp; Lesueur ||''marsupialis'' (Linne 1758*)  || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''rastoni'' Haacke 1886 || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Sydney (D, M) 
|-
|  ||  || ''sivickisi'' Stiasny 1926 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''xaymacana'' Conant 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 || ''binata'' Moore 1988||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cystophora'' Conant 1897* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Kakaban (D, M); Florida (D, M)
|-
| ''[[Alatinidae]]'' Gershwin 2005 || ''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 || ''alata'' (Reynaud 1830)* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''grandis'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1902) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''madraspatana'' (Menon 1930) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mordens'' Gershwin 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''moseri'' (Mayer 1906) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rainensis'' Gershwin 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Manokia'' Soutcott 1967 || ''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Tamoyidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 || ''barnesi'' Southcott 1967*||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''shinju'' Gershwin 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp; Alderslade 2005 || ''rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp; Alderslade 2005* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 || ''maxima'' Gershwin 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 || ''haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''haplonema'' Muller 1859* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D, M)
|-
| Chirodropidae Haeckel 1877 || ''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 || ''gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Stiasny 1992 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 || ''fleckeri''  Southcott 1956 * || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Townsville (D)
|-
| Chiropsalmidae Thiel 1936 || ''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''alipes'' Gershwin 2006 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''maculatus''  Cornelius et al. 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''quadrumanus'' (Müller 1859)* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''zygonema''  Haeckel 1880 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 || ''buitendijki'' (Horst 1907) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''quadrigatus'' (Haeckel 1880) || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Parangipettai (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''quadrigatus'' (Haeckel 1880) || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  ''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 || ''bronzie''  Gershwin 2006 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}

See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information.

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>437</id>
      <parentid>415</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-26T17:06:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dmancini</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5086">'''Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)'''


'''Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)'''
 

'''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)'''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium).


----


The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.


Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (5)''' || '''Genus (13)''' || '''Species (32)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Carybdeidae Gegenbaur 1856  || ''Carybdea'' Peron &amp; Lesueur ||''marsupialis'' (Linne 1758*)  || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''rastoni'' Haacke 1886 || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Sydney (D, M) 
|-
|  ||  || ''sivickisi'' Stiasny 1926 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''xaymacana'' Conant 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 || ''binata'' Moore 1988||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cystophora'' Conant 1897* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Kakaban (D, M); Florida (D, M)
|-
| ''[[Alatinidae]]'' Gershwin 2005 || ''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 || ''alata'' (Reynaud 1830)* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''grandis'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1902) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''madraspatana'' (Menon 1930) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mordens'' Gershwin 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''moseri'' (Mayer 1906) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rainensis'' Gershwin 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Manokia'' Soutcott 1967 || ''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Tamoyidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 || ''barnesi'' Southcott 1967*||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''shinju'' Gershwin 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp; Alderslade 2005 || ''rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp; Alderslade 2005* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 || ''maxima'' Gershwin 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 || ''haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''haplonema'' Muller 1859* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D, M)
|-
| Chirodropidae Haeckel 1877 || ''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 || ''gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Stiasny 1992 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 || ''fleckeri''  Southcott 1956 * || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Townsville (D)
|-
| Chiropsalmidae Thiel 1936 || ''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''alipes'' Gershwin 2006 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''maculatus''  Cornelius et al. 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''quadrumanus'' (Müller 1859)* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''zygonema''  Haeckel 1880 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 || ''buitendijki'' (Horst 1907) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''quadrigatus'' (Haeckel 1880) || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Parangipettai (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''quadrigatus'' (Haeckel 1880) || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  ''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 || ''bronzie''  Gershwin 2006 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}

See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information.

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Example.jpg|Item 1
File:Example.jpg|a link to [[Help:Contents]]
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg| ''italic caption''
File:Example.jpg|on page &quot;{{PAGENAME}}&quot;
&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>438</id>
      <parentid>437</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-26T17:09:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dmancini</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5087">'''Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)'''


'''Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)'''
 

'''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)'''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium).


----


The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.


Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (5)''' || '''Genus (13)''' || '''Species (32)''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Carybdeidae Gegenbaur 1856  || ''Carybdea'' Peron &amp; Lesueur ||''marsupialis'' (Linne 1758*)  || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''rastoni'' Haacke 1886 || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Sydney (D, M) 
|-
|  ||  || ''sivickisi'' Stiasny 1926 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''xaymacana'' Conant 1897 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 || ''binata'' Moore 1988||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cystophora'' Conant 1897* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Kakaban (D, M); Florida (D, M)
|-
| ''[[Alatinidae]]'' Gershwin 2005 || ''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 || ''alata'' (Reynaud 1830)* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''grandis'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1902) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''madraspatana'' (Menon 1930) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mordens'' Gershwin 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''moseri'' (Mayer 1906) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rainensis'' Gershwin 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Manokia'' Soutcott 1967 || ''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Tamoyidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 || ''barnesi'' Southcott 1967*||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''shinju'' Gershwin 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp; Alderslade 2005 || ''rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp; Alderslade 2005* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 || ''maxima'' Gershwin 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 || ''haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''haplonema'' Muller 1859* || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D, M)
|-
| Chirodropidae Haeckel 1877 || ''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 || ''gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Stiasny 1992 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 || ''fleckeri''  Southcott 1956 * || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Townsville (D)
|-
| Chiropsalmidae Thiel 1936 || ''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''alipes'' Gershwin 2006 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''maculatus''  Cornelius et al. 2005 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''quadrumanus'' (Müller 1859)* ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''zygonema''  Haeckel 1880 ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 || ''buitendijki'' (Horst 1907) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''quadrigatus'' (Haeckel 1880) || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Parangipettai (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''quadrigatus'' (Haeckel 1880) || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  ''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 || ''bronzie''  Gershwin 2006 * ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}

See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information.

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''


&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Example.jpg|Item 1
File:Example.jpg|a link to [[Help:Contents]]
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg| ''italic caption''
File:Example.jpg|on page &quot;{{PAGENAME}}&quot;
&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>604</id>
      <parentid>438</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:40:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4596">'''Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)''' 

&lt;br&gt; '''Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)''' 

&lt;br&gt; '''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries. 

&lt;br&gt; Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (5)''' 
| '''Genus (13)''' 
| '''Species (32)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Carybdeidae Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Carybdea'' Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur 
| ''marsupialis'' (Linne 1758*)
|-
| 
| 
| ''rastoni'' Haacke 1886 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Sydney (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''sivickisi'' Stiasny 1926
|-
| 
| 
| ''xaymacana'' Conant 1897
|-
| 
| ''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 
| ''binata'' Moore 1988
|-
| 
| 
| ''cystophora'' Conant 1897* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Kakaban (D, M); Florida (D, M)
|-
| ''[[Alatinidae]]'' Gershwin 2005 
| ''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 
| ''alata'' (Reynaud 1830)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New Guinea (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902)
|-
| 
| 
| ''madraspatana'' (Menon 1930)
|-
| 
| 
| ''mordens'' Gershwin 2005
|-
| 
| 
| ''moseri'' (Mayer 1906)
|-
| 
| 
| ''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| 
| ''rainensis'' Gershwin 2005
|-
| 
| 
| ''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| ''Manokia'' Soutcott 1967 
| ''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*
|-
| Tamoyidae Haeckel 1880 
| ''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 
| ''barnesi'' Southcott 1967*
|-
| 
| 
| ''shinju'' Gershwin 2005
|-
| 
| ''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 
| ''rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005*
|-
| 
| ''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 
| ''maxima'' Gershwin 2005
|-
| 
| ''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 
| ''haeckeli'' Southcott 1967
|-
| 
| 
| ''haplonema'' Muller 1859* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Japan (D, M)
|-
| Chirodropidae Haeckel 1877 
| ''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 *
|-
| 
| 
| ''palmatus'' Haeckel 1880
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Stiasny 1992
|-
| 
| ''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 
| ''fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Townsville (D)
|-
| Chiropsalmidae Thiel 1936 
| ''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''alipes'' Gershwin 2006
|-
| 
| 
| ''maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005
|-
| 
| 
| ''quadrumanus'' (Müller 1859)*
|-
| 
| 
| ''zygonema'' Haeckel 1880
|-
| 
| ''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
| ''buitendijki'' (Horst 1907)
|-
| 
| 
| ''quadrigatus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Parangipettai (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''quadrigatus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| ''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
| ''bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *
|}

See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery&gt;
File:Example.jpg|Item 1
File:Example.jpg|a link to [[Help:Contents]]
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg| ''italic caption''
File:Example.jpg|on page &quot;{{PAGENAME}}&quot;
&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>605</id>
      <parentid>604</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:40:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4392">'''Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)''' 

&lt;br&gt; '''Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)''' 

&lt;br&gt; '''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries. 

&lt;br&gt; Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (5)''' 
| '''Genus (13)''' 
| '''Species (32)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Carybdeidae Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Carybdea'' Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur 
| ''marsupialis'' (Linne 1758*)
|-
| 
| 
| ''rastoni'' Haacke 1886 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Sydney (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''sivickisi'' Stiasny 1926
|-
| 
| 
| ''xaymacana'' Conant 1897
|-
| 
| ''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 
| ''binata'' Moore 1988
|-
| 
| 
| ''cystophora'' Conant 1897* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Kakaban (D, M); Florida (D, M)
|-
| ''[[Alatinidae]]'' Gershwin 2005 
| ''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 
| ''alata'' (Reynaud 1830)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New Guinea (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902)
|-
| 
| 
| ''madraspatana'' (Menon 1930)
|-
| 
| 
| ''mordens'' Gershwin 2005
|-
| 
| 
| ''moseri'' (Mayer 1906)
|-
| 
| 
| ''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| 
| ''rainensis'' Gershwin 2005
|-
| 
| 
| ''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| ''Manokia'' Soutcott 1967 
| ''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*
|-
| Tamoyidae Haeckel 1880 
| ''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 
| ''barnesi'' Southcott 1967*
|-
| 
| 
| ''shinju'' Gershwin 2005
|-
| 
| ''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 
| ''rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005*
|-
| 
| ''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 
| ''maxima'' Gershwin 2005
|-
| 
| ''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 
| ''haeckeli'' Southcott 1967
|-
| 
| 
| ''haplonema'' Muller 1859* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Japan (D, M)
|-
| Chirodropidae Haeckel 1877 
| ''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 *
|-
| 
| 
| ''palmatus'' Haeckel 1880
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Stiasny 1992
|-
| 
| ''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 
| ''fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Townsville (D)
|-
| Chiropsalmidae Thiel 1936 
| ''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''alipes'' Gershwin 2006
|-
| 
| 
| ''maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005
|-
| 
| 
| ''quadrumanus'' (Müller 1859)*
|-
| 
| 
| ''zygonema'' Haeckel 1880
|-
| 
| ''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
| ''buitendijki'' (Horst 1907)
|-
| 
| 
| ''quadrigatus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Parangipettai (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''quadrigatus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| ''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
| ''bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *
|}

See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>626</id>
      <parentid>605</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T09:43:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4804">'''Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)''' 

&lt;br&gt; '''Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)''' 

&lt;br&gt; '''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries. 

&lt;br&gt; Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (5)''' 
| '''Genus (13)''' 
| '''Species (32)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Carybdeidae Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Carybdea'' Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur 
| ''marsupialis'' (Linne 1758*)
|-
| 
| 
| ''rastoni'' Haacke 1886 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Sydney (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''sivickisi'' Stiasny 1926 [[Image:Car_Sivickisi_Guam.jpg|thumb|left| Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]]
|-
| 
| 
| ''xaymacana'' Conant 1897
|-
| 
| ''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 
| ''binata'' Moore 1988
|-
| 
| 
| ''cystophora'' Conant 1897* [[Image:Tripedalia_cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|left| Tripedalia cystophora Conant 1897]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Kakaban (D, M); Florida (D, M)
|-
| ''[[Alatinidae]]'' Gershwin 2005 
| ''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 
| ''alata'' (Reynaud 1830)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New Guinea (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902)
|-
| 
| 
| ''madraspatana'' (Menon 1930)
|-
| 
| 
| ''mordens'' Gershwin 2005
|-
| 
| 
| ''moseri'' (Mayer 1906)
|-
| 
| 
| ''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| 
| ''rainensis'' Gershwin 2005
|-
| 
| 
| ''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| 
| ''Manokia'' Soutcott 1967 
| ''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*
|-
| Tamoyidae Haeckel 1880 
| ''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 
| ''barnesi'' Southcott 1967*
|-
| 
| 
| ''shinju'' Gershwin 2005
|-
| 
| ''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 
| ''rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005*
|-
| 
| ''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 
| ''maxima'' Gershwin 2005
|-
| 
| ''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 
| ''haeckeli'' Southcott 1967
|-
| 
| 
| ''haplonema'' Muller 1859* [[Image:Tam_haplonema.jpg|thumb|left|Tamoya haplonema (F. Müller, 1859)]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Japan (D, M)
|-
| Chirodropidae Haeckel 1877 
| ''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 *
|-
| 
| 
| ''palmatus'' Haeckel 1880
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Stiasny 1992
|-
| 
| ''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 
| ''fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Townsville (D)
|-
| Chiropsalmidae Thiel 1936 
| ''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''alipes'' Gershwin 2006
|-
| 
| 
| ''maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005
|-
| 
| 
| ''quadrumanus'' (Müller 1859)* [[Image:Chir_quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|left|Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (F. Müller, 1859)]]
|-
| 
| 
| ''zygonema'' Haeckel 1880
|-
| 
| ''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
| ''buitendijki'' (Horst 1907)
|-
| 
| 
| ''quadrigatus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Parangipettai (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''quadrigatus'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Chiropsalmus_quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|left|Chiropsalmus quadrigatus  Haeckel 1880]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| ''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
| ''bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *
|}

See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>779</id>
      <parentid>626</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T08:50:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5054">'''Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)'''&lt;br&gt;

'''Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)'''&lt;br&gt;

'''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt;

----

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries. 

&lt;br&gt; Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

----

Key &lt;br&gt; 

'''Key:'''

Family (2)

*Genus (5)
**Species (33



{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (5)''' 
| '''Genus (13)''' 
| '''Species (32)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| Carybdeidae Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Carybdea'' Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur 
| ''marsupialis'' (Linne 1758*)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''rastoni'' Haacke 1886 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Sydney (D, M)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''sivickisi'' Stiasny 1926 [[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|left|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]]
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''xaymacana'' Conant 1897
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 
| ''binata'' Moore 1988
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''cystophora'' Conant 1897* [[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|left|Tripedalia cystophora Conant 1897]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Kakaban (D, M); Florida (D, M)
|-
| ''[[Alatinidae]]'' Gershwin 2005 
| ''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 
| ''alata'' (Reynaud 1830)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New Guinea (D, M)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''madraspatana'' (Menon 1930)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''mordens'' Gershwin 2005
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''moseri'' (Mayer 1906)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''rainensis'' Gershwin 2005
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Manokia'' Soutcott 1967 
| ''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*
|-
| Tamoyidae Haeckel 1880 
| ''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 
| ''barnesi'' Southcott 1967*
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''shinju'' Gershwin 2005
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 
| ''rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005*
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 
| ''maxima'' Gershwin 2005
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 
| ''haeckeli'' Southcott 1967
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''haplonema'' Muller 1859* [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|left|Tamoya haplonema (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Japan (D, M)
|-
| Chirodropidae Haeckel 1877 
| ''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 *
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''palmatus'' Haeckel 1880
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. Stiasny 1992
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 
| ''fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Townsville (D)
|-
| Chiropsalmidae Thiel 1936 
| ''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''alipes'' Gershwin 2006
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''quadrumanus'' (Müller 1859)* [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|left|Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (F. Müller, 1859)]]
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''zygonema'' Haeckel 1880
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
| ''buitendijki'' (Horst 1907)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''quadrigatus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Parangipettai (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''quadrigatus'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|left|Chiropsalmus quadrigatus  Haeckel 1880]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
| ''bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *
|}

See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>780</id>
      <parentid>779</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T08:59:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5197">'''Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)'''&lt;br&gt; 

'''Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)'''&lt;br&gt; 

'''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries. 

&lt;br&gt; Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

----

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)''' 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32)

&lt;br&gt; '''Carybdeidae Gegenbaur 1856''' 

*''Carybdea'' (Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur) 
**''marsupialis'' 
**''rastoni ''(Collected in Sydney;&amp;nbsp; 
**''sivickisi''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 
**''xaymacana''&lt;br&gt; 
*''Tripedalia'' (Conant 1897) 
*''binata''
*''cystophora'' (Conant 1897; collected in *Kakaban; D, M; Florida; D, M)[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|Tripedalia cystophora Conant 1897]]

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (5)''' 
| '''Genus (13)''' 
| '''Species (32)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Sydney (D, M)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| ''[[Alatinidae]]'' Gershwin 2005 
| ''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 
| ''alata'' (Reynaud 1830)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New Guinea (D, M)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''madraspatana'' (Menon 1930)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''mordens'' Gershwin 2005
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''moseri'' (Mayer 1906)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''rainensis'' Gershwin 2005
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Manokia'' Soutcott 1967 
| ''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*
|-
| Tamoyidae Haeckel 1880 
| ''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 
| ''barnesi'' Southcott 1967*
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''shinju'' Gershwin 2005
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 
| ''rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005*
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 
| ''maxima'' Gershwin 2005
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 
| ''haeckeli'' Southcott 1967
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''haplonema'' Muller 1859* [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|left|Tamoya haplonema (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Japan (D, M)
|-
| Chirodropidae Haeckel 1877 
| ''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 *
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''palmatus'' Haeckel 1880
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| sp. Stiasny 1992
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 
| ''fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Townsville (D)
|-
| Chiropsalmidae Thiel 1936 
| ''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''alipes'' Gershwin 2006
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''quadrumanus'' (Müller 1859)* [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|left|Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (F. Müller, 1859)]]
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''zygonema'' Haeckel 1880
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
| ''buitendijki'' (Horst 1907)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''quadrigatus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Parangipettai (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''quadrigatus'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|left|Chiropsalmus quadrigatus  Haeckel 1880]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
| ''bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *
|}

See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>781</id>
      <parentid>780</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T09:20:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5231">'''Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)'''&lt;br&gt; 

'''Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)'''&lt;br&gt; 

'''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries. 

&lt;br&gt; Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

----

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)''' 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32)

&lt;br&gt; '''Carybdeidae Gegenbaur 1856''' 

*''Carybdea'' (Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur) 
**''marsupialis'' 
**''rastoni ''(Collected in Sydney;&amp;nbsp; 
**''sivickisi''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 
**''xaymacana''&lt;br&gt;
*''Tripedalia'' (Conant 1897) 
*''binata''

''cystophora'' (Conant 1897; collected in *Kakaban; D, M; Florida; D, M)[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|Tripedalia cystophora Conant 1897]]&lt;br&gt;

'''''[[Alatinidae]]'''''&lt;i&gt;[[Alatinidae|Alatinidae]]&lt;/i&gt;'''Gershwin 2005 '''&lt;br&gt;

*''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt;

#''alata'' (Reynaud 1830; New Guinea (D, M) )* &lt;br&gt;
#''grandis''
#''madraspatana''
#''mordens''
#''moseri''
#''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880)
#''rainensis''
#''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) 

*''Manokia'' Soutcott 1967 

#''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)* 

'''Tamoyidae Haeckel 1880'''

*''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 

#''barnesi'' Southcott 1967* 
#''shinju'' Gershwin 2005 

*''Gerongia''

#''rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005* 

*''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 

#''maxima'' Gershwin 2005

*''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 

#''haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 
#''haplonema'' Muller 1859 Japan (D, M)*[[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|Tamoya haplonema (F. Müller, 1859)]]

'''Chirodropidae Haeckel 1877 

*''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880

#''gorilla''
#''palmatus'' Haeckel 1880
#sp. Stiasny 1992

*''Chironex'' Southcott 1956

#''fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 Townsville (D) *

'''Chiropsalmidae Thiel 1936'''

''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862

#''alipes'' Gershwin 2006 
#''maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005 
#''quadrumanus'' (Müller 1859)* 
#''zygonema'' Haeckel 1880
#[[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (F. Müller, 1859)]]

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (5)''' 
| '''Genus (13)''' 
| '''Species (32)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
| 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
| 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Sydney (D, M)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br&gt;
|-
| 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| 
| 
| 
{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
|}

| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
| &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
|-
| 
| 
| 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
| 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
| 
|-
| 
| 
| 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
| 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
| 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
| 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
| 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
| ''buitendijki'' (Horst 1907)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''quadrigatus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Parangipettai (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''quadrigatus'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|left|Chiropsalmus quadrigatus  Haeckel 1880]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
| ''bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *
|}

See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>782</id>
      <parentid>781</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T09:28:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4232">*'''Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)'''&lt;br&gt; 
*'''Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)'''&lt;br&gt; 
*'''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)'''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries. 

&lt;br&gt; Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

----

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)''' 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32)

&lt;br&gt; '''Carybdeidae Gegenbaur 1856''' 

*''Carybdea'' (Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur) 
**''marsupialis'' 
**''rastoni ''(Collected in Sydney;&amp;nbsp; 
**''sivickisi''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 
**''xaymacana''&lt;br&gt; 
*''Tripedalia'' (Conant 1897) 
*''binata''

''cystophora'' (Conant 1897; collected in *Kakaban; D, M; Florida; D, M)[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|Tripedalia cystophora Conant 1897]]&lt;br&gt; 

'''''[[Alatinidae]]'''''&lt;i&gt;[[Alatinidae|Alatinidae]]&lt;/i&gt;'''Gershwin 2005 '''&lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt;

**''alata'' (Reynaud 1830; New Guinea (D, M) )* &lt;br&gt; 
**''grandis'' 
**''madraspatana'' 
**''mordens'' 
**''moseri'' 
**''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''rainensis'' 
**''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880)

*''Manokia'' Soutcott 1967
**''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

'''Tamoyidae Haeckel 1880''' 
*''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967
**''barnesi'' Southcott 1967* 
**''shinju'' Gershwin 2005

*''Gerongia''

**''rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005*

*''Malo'' Gershwin 2005

**''maxima'' Gershwin 2005

*''Tamoya'' Muller 1859

**''haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 
**''haplonema'' Muller 1859 Japan (D, M)*[[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|Tamoya haplonema (F. Müller, 1859)]]

'''Chirodropidae Haeckel 1877 ''' 

*''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880

**''gorilla'' 
**''palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 
**sp. Stiasny 1992

*''Chironex'' Southcott 1956

**''fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 Townsville (D) *

'''Chiropsalmidae Thiel 1936''' 

''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 

**''alipes'' Gershwin 2006 
**''maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005 
**''quadrumanus'' (Müller 1859)* 
**''zygonema''

*''Chiropsoides''

**''buitendijki''
**[[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
**''quadrigatus''
**''quadrigatus''

*''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006

**[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrigatus  Haeckel 1880]]
**''bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *


See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>783</id>
      <parentid>782</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T09:37:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4329">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries. 

&lt;br&gt; Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

----

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32)&amp;nbsp;

&lt;br&gt; '''Carybdeidae (Gegenbaur 1856)''' 

*''Carybdea'' (Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur)&amp;nbsp; 
**''marsupialis'' 
**''rastoni ''(Collected in Sydney;&amp;nbsp; 
**''sivickisi '''''(picture on left)''' 
**''xaymacana''&lt;br&gt; 
*''Tripedalia'' (Conant 1897) 
*''binata'' 
*''cystophora'' ('''picture on left;''' Conant 1897; collected in *Kakaban; D, M; Florida; D, M)[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|Tripedalia cystophora Conant 1897]]&lt;br&gt;

'''''[[Alatinidae]]'''''&lt;b&gt;(Gershwin 2005) &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' (Gershwin 2005) &lt;br&gt; 
**''alata'' (Reynaud 1830; New Guinea D, M)* &lt;br&gt; 
**''grandis'' 
**''madraspatana'' 
**''mordens'' 
**''moseri'' 
**''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''rainensis'' 
**''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|Tamoya haplonema (F. Müller, 1859)]]

*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

'''Tamoyidae Haeckel 1880''' 

*''Carukia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''barnesi'' (Southcott 1967)* 
**''shinju'' (Gershwin 2005)

*''Gerongia''

**''rifkinae'' (Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005)*&amp;nbsp;

*''Malo'' (Gershwin 2005)

**''maxima'' (Gershwin 2005)

*''Tamoya'' (Muller 1859)

**''haeckeli'' (Southcott 1967) 
**''haplonema'' ('''pictured on left'''; Muller 1859 Japan; D, M)*

'''Chirodropidae (Haeckel 1877) ''' 

*''Chirodropus'' (Haeckel 1880)

**''gorilla'' 
**''palmatus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**sp. (Stiasny 1992)

*''Chironex'' (Southcott 1956)

**''fleckeri'' (Southcott 1956; Townsville, D) *

'''Chiropsalmidae (Thiel 1936)''' 

''Chiropsalmus'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 

**''alipes'' (Gershwin 2006) 
**''maculatus'' (Cornelius et al. 2005) 
**''quadrumanus'' (Müller 1859)* 
**''zygonema''

*''Chiropsoides''

**''buitendijki'' 
**[[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
**''quadrigatus'' 
**''quadrigatus''

*''Chiropsella'' (Gershwin 2006)

**[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrigatus  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''bronzie'' (Gershwin 2006) *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>784</id>
      <parentid>783</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T09:41:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4317">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries. 

&lt;br&gt; Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

----

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32)&amp;nbsp;

&lt;br&gt; '''Carybdeidae (Gegenbaur 1856)''' 

*''Carybdea'' (Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur)&amp;nbsp; 
**''marsupialis'' 
**''rastoni ''(Collected in Sydney;&amp;nbsp; 
**''sivickisi '''''(picture on left)''' 
**''xaymacana''&lt;br&gt;
*''Tripedalia'' (Conant 1897) 
*''binata'' 
*''cystophora'' ('''picture on left;''' Conant 1897; collected in *Kakaban; D, M; Florida; D, M)[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|Tripedalia cystophora Conant 1897]]



'''''[[Alatinidae]]'''''&lt;b&gt;(Gershwin 2005) &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' (Gershwin 2005) &lt;br&gt; 
**''alata'' (Reynaud 1830; New Guinea D, M)* &lt;br&gt; 
**''grandis'' 
**''madraspatana'' 
**''mordens'' 
**''moseri'' 
**''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''rainensis'' 
**''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|Tamoya haplonema (F. Müller, 1859)]]

*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*



'''Tamoyidae Haeckel 1880''' 

*''Carukia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''barnesi'' (Southcott 1967)* 
**''shinju'' (Gershwin 2005)
*''Gerongia''
**''rifkinae'' (Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005)*&amp;nbsp;
*''Malo'' (Gershwin 2005)
**''maxima'' (Gershwin 2005)
*''Tamoya'' (Muller 1859)
**''haeckeli'' (Southcott 1967) 
**''haplonema'' ('''pictured on left'''; Muller 1859 Japan; D, M)*


'''Chirodropidae (Haeckel 1877) ''' 

*''Chirodropus'' (Haeckel 1880)
**''gorilla'' 
**''palmatus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**sp. (Stiasny 1992)
*''Chironex'' (Southcott 1956)
**''fleckeri'' (Southcott 1956; Townsville, D) *


'''Chiropsalmidae (Thiel 1936)''' 

*''Chiropsalmus'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''alipes'' (Gershwin 2006) 
**''maculatus'' (Cornelius et al. 2005) 
**''quadrumanus'' (Müller 1859)* 
**''zygonema''
*''Chiropsoides''
**''buitendijki'' 
**[[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
**''quadrigatus'' 
**''quadrigatus''
*''Chiropsella'' (Gershwin 2006)
**[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrigatus  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''bronzie'' (Gershwin 2006) *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>785</id>
      <parentid>784</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T09:43:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4394">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries. 

&lt;br&gt; Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

----

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32)&amp;nbsp;

&lt;br&gt; '''Carybdeidae (Gegenbaur 1856)''' 

*''Carybdea'' (Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur)&amp;nbsp; 
**''marsupialis'' 
**''rastoni ''(Collected in Sydney;&amp;nbsp; 
**''sivickisi '''''(picture on left)''' 
**''xaymacana''&lt;br&gt; 
*''Tripedalia'' (Conant 1897) 
*''binata'' 
*''cystophora'' ('''picture on left;''' Conant 1897; collected in *Kakaban; D, M; Florida; D, M)[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|Tripedalia cystophora Conant 1897]]

&lt;br&gt; 

'''''[[Alatinidae]]'''''&lt;b&gt;(Gershwin 2005) &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' (Gershwin 2005) &lt;br&gt; 
**''alata'' (Reynaud 1830; New Guinea D, M)* &lt;br&gt; 
**''grandis'' 
**''madraspatana'' 
**''mordens'' 
**''moseri'' 
**''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''rainensis'' 
**''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|Tamoya haplonema (F. Müller, 1859)]]

*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Tamoyidae Haeckel 1880''' 

*''Carukia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''barnesi'' (Southcott 1967)* 
**''shinju'' (Gershwin 2005) 
*''Gerongia'' 
**''rifkinae'' (Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005)*&amp;nbsp; 
*''Malo'' (Gershwin 2005) 
**''maxima'' (Gershwin 2005) 
*''Tamoya'' (Muller 1859) 
**''haeckeli'' (Southcott 1967) 
**''haplonema'' ('''pictured on left'''; Muller 1859 Japan; D, M)*

&lt;br&gt; '''Chirodropidae (Haeckel 1877) ''' 

*''Chirodropus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''gorilla'' 
**''palmatus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**sp. (Stiasny 1992) 
*''Chironex'' (Southcott 1956) 
*[[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (F. Müller, 1859)]]
**''fleckeri'' (Southcott 1956; Townsville, D) *

&lt;br&gt; '''Chiropsalmidae (Thiel 1936)''' 

*''Chiropsalmus'' (L. Agassiz 1862)
**''alipes'' (Gershwin 2006) 
**''maculatus'' (Cornelius et al. 2005) 
**''quadrumanus'' ('''pictured on left'''; Müller 1859)* 
**''zygonema'' 
*''Chiropsoides'' 
**''buitendijki''
**''quadrigatus'' 
**''quadrigatus '''''(pictured on left)''' 
*''Chiropsella'' (Gershwin 2006) 
**[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrigatus  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''bronzie'' (Gershwin 2006) *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>786</id>
      <parentid>785</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T09:45:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4450">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Species List  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = *'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32)&amp;nbsp;

=== &lt;br&gt; '''Carybdeidae (Gegenbaur 1856)'''  ===

*''Carybdea'' (Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur)&amp;nbsp; 
**''marsupialis'' 
**''rastoni ''(Collected in Sydney;&amp;nbsp; 
**''sivickisi '''''(picture on left)''' 
**''xaymacana''&lt;br&gt; 
*''Tripedalia'' (Conant 1897) 
*''binata'' 
*''cystophora'' ('''picture on left;''' Conant 1897; collected in *Kakaban; D, M; Florida; D, M)[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|Tripedalia cystophora Conant 1897]]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== '''''[[Alatinidae]]'''''&lt;b&gt;(Gershwin 2005) &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Alatina'' (Gershwin 2005) &lt;br&gt; 
**''alata'' (Reynaud 1830; New Guinea D, M)* &lt;br&gt; 
**''grandis'' 
**''madraspatana'' 
**''mordens'' 
**''moseri'' 
**''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''rainensis'' 
**''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|Tamoya haplonema (F. Müller, 1859)]]

*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

&lt;br&gt; 

=== '''Tamoyidae (Haeckel 1880)'''  ===

*''Carukia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''barnesi'' (Southcott 1967)* 
**''shinju'' (Gershwin 2005) 
*''Gerongia'' 
**''rifkinae'' (Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005)*&amp;nbsp; 
*''Malo'' (Gershwin 2005) 
**''maxima'' (Gershwin 2005) 
*''Tamoya'' (Muller 1859) 
**''haeckeli'' (Southcott 1967) 
**''haplonema'' ('''pictured on left'''; Muller 1859 Japan; D, M)*

=== &lt;br&gt; '''Chirodropidae (Haeckel 1877) '''  ===

*''Chirodropus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''gorilla'' 
**''palmatus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**sp. (Stiasny 1992) 
*''Chironex'' (Southcott 1956) 
*[[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
**''fleckeri'' (Southcott 1956; Townsville, D) *

=== &lt;br&gt; '''Chiropsalmidae (Thiel 1936)'''  ===

*''Chiropsalmus'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''alipes'' (Gershwin 2006) 
**''maculatus'' (Cornelius et al. 2005) 
**''quadrumanus'' ('''pictured on left'''; Müller 1859)* 
**''zygonema'' 
*''Chiropsoides'' 
**''buitendijki'' 
**''quadrigatus'' 
**''quadrigatus '''''(pictured on left)''' 
*''Chiropsella'' (Gershwin 2006) 
**[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrigatus  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''bronzie'' (Gershwin 2006) *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>787</id>
      <parentid>786</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T09:48:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4439">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = *

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32)&amp;nbsp;

=== &lt;br&gt; '''Carybdeidae ''' ===


*''Carybdea'' (Peron &amp;amp; Lesueur)&amp;nbsp; 
**''marsupialis'' 
**''rastoni ''(Collected in Sydney;&amp;nbsp; 
**''sivickisi '''''(picture on left)''' 
**''xaymacana''&lt;br&gt; 
*''Tripedalia'' (Conant 1897) 
*''binata'' 
*''cystophora'' ('''picture on left;''' Conant 1897; collected in *Kakaban; D, M; Florida; D, M)[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|Tripedalia cystophora Conant 1897]]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== '''''[[Alatinidae]]''' ===
(Gershwin 2005) &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' (Gershwin 2005) &lt;br&gt; 
**''alata'' (Reynaud 1830; New Guinea D, M)* &lt;br&gt; 
**''grandis'' 
**''madraspatana'' 
**''mordens'' 
**''moseri'' 
**''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''rainensis'' 
**''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|Tamoya haplonema (F. Müller, 1859)]]

*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

&lt;br&gt; 

=== '''Tamoyidae ''' ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Carukia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''barnesi'' (Southcott 1967)* 
**''shinju'' (Gershwin 2005) 
*''Gerongia'' 
**''rifkinae'' (Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005)*&amp;nbsp; 
*''Malo'' (Gershwin 2005) 
**''maxima'' (Gershwin 2005) 
*''Tamoya'' (Muller 1859) 
**''haeckeli'' (Southcott 1967) 
**''haplonema'' ('''pictured on left'''; Muller 1859 Japan; D, M)*

=== &lt;br&gt; '''Chirodropidae ''' ===

(Haeckel 1877) 

*''Chirodropus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''gorilla'' 
**''palmatus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**sp. (Stiasny 1992) 
*''Chironex'' (Southcott 1956) 
*[[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
**''fleckeri'' (Southcott 1956; Townsville, D) *

=== &lt;br&gt; '''Chiropsalmidae''' ===

(Thiel 1936) 

*''Chiropsalmus'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''alipes'' (Gershwin 2006) 
**''maculatus'' (Cornelius et al. 2005) 
**''quadrumanus'' ('''pictured on left'''; Müller 1859)* 
**''zygonema'' 
*''Chiropsoides'' 
**''buitendijki'' 
**''quadrigatus'' 
**''quadrigatus '''''(pictured on left)''' 
*''Chiropsella'' (Gershwin 2006) 
**[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrigatus  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''bronzie'' (Gershwin 2006) *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>803</id>
      <parentid>787</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T21:29:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4571">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium).

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32)

=== Carybdeidae  ===
(Gegenbaur 1856)
*''Carybdea'' (Péron &amp; Lesueur 1809) 
**''marsupialis'' (Linné 1758)* 
**''rastoni ''(Haacke 1886; Sydney (D, M) 
**''sivickisi '' ('''pictured''', Stiasny 1926) 
**''xaymacana''(Conant 1897) 
*''Tripedalia'' (Conant 1897) 
*''binata'' (Moore 1988)
*''cystophora'' ('''pictured''', Conant 1897; Kakaban (D, M), Florida (D, M))[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|Tripedalia cystophora Conant 1897]]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Alatinidae]] ===

(Gershwin 2005) &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' (Gershwin 2005) &lt;br&gt; 
**''alata'' (Reynaud 1830; New Guinea (D, M))* &lt;br&gt; 
**''grandis'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1902)
**''madraspatana''(Menon 1930) 
**''mordens'' (Gershwin 2005)
**''moseri'' (Mayer 1906)
**''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''rainensis'' (Gershwin 2005) 
**''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|Tamoya haplonema (F. Müller, 1859)]]
*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Tamoyidae ===
(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Carukia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''barnesi'' (Southcott 1967)* 
**''shinju'' (Gershwin 2005) 
*''Gerongia'' (Gershwin &amp; Alderslade 2005)
**''rifkinae'' (Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005)* 
*''Malo'' (Gershwin 2005) 
**''maxima'' (Gershwin 2005) 
*''Tamoya'' (Muller 1859) 
**''haeckeli'' (Southcott 1967) 
**''haplonema'' ('''pictured''', Muller 1859, Japan (D, M))*

=== Chirodropidae  ===
(Haeckel 1877) 

*''Chirodropus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''gorilla'' (Haeckel 1880)*
**''palmatus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**sp. (Stiasny 1992) 
*''Chironex'' (Southcott 1956) 
*[[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
**''fleckeri'' (Southcott 1956, Townsville, (D)) *

=== Chiropsalmidae ===
(Thiel 1936) 

*''Chiropsalmus'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''alipes'' (Gershwin 2006) 
**''maculatus'' (Cornelius et al. 2005) 
**''quadrumanus'' ('''pictured''', Müller 1859)* 
**''zygonema'' (Haeckel 1880)
*''Chiropsoides'' (Southott 1956) 
**''buitendijki'' (Horst 1907, Parangipettai (D))
**''quadrigatus '' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880, Palau (D, M)) 
*''Chiropsella'' (Gershwin 2006) 
**[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrigatus  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''bronzie'' (Gershwin 2006)*

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>804</id>
      <parentid>803</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T21:32:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4609">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32) 
**&lt;br&gt;

=== Carybdeidae  ===

(Gegenbaur 1856) 

*''Carybdea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1809) 
**''marsupialis'' (Linné 1758)* 
**''rastoni ''(Haacke 1886; Sydney (D, M) 
**''sivickisi '' ('''pictured''', Stiasny 1926) 
**''xaymacana''(Conant 1897) 
*''Tripedalia'' (Conant 1897) 
*''binata'' (Moore 1988) 
*''cystophora'' ('''pictured''', Conant 1897; Kakaban (D, M), Florida (D, M))[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|Tripedalia cystophora Conant 1897]]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Alatinidae]]  ===

(Gershwin 2005) &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' (Gershwin 2005) &lt;br&gt; 
**''alata'' (Reynaud 1830; New Guinea (D, M))* &lt;br&gt; 
**''grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''madraspatana''(Menon 1930) 
**''mordens'' (Gershwin 2005) 
**''moseri'' (Mayer 1906) 
**''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''rainensis'' (Gershwin 2005) 
**''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|Tamoya haplonema (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Tamoyidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Carukia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''barnesi'' (Southcott 1967)* 
**''shinju'' (Gershwin 2005) 
*''Gerongia'' (Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005) 
**''rifkinae'' (Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005)* 
*''Malo'' (Gershwin 2005) 
**''maxima'' (Gershwin 2005) 
*''Tamoya'' (Muller 1859) 
**''haeckeli'' (Southcott 1967) 
**''haplonema'' ('''pictured''', Muller 1859, Japan (D, M))*

=== Chirodropidae  ===

(Haeckel 1877) 

*''Chirodropus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''gorilla'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''palmatus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**sp. (Stiasny 1992) 
*''Chironex'' (Southcott 1956) [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (F. Müller, 1859)]]
*
**''fleckeri'' (Southcott 1956, Townsville, (D)) *

=== Chiropsalmidae  ===

(Thiel 1936) 

*''Chiropsalmus'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''alipes'' (Gershwin 2006) 
**''maculatus'' (Cornelius et al. 2005) 
**''quadrumanus'' ('''pictured''', Müller 1859)* 
**''zygonema'' (Haeckel 1880) 
*''Chiropsoides'' (Southott 1956) 
**''buitendijki'' (Horst 1907, Parangipettai (D)) 
**''quadrigatus '' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880, Palau (D, M)) 
*''Chiropsella'' (Gershwin 2006) 
**[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrigatus  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''bronzie'' (Gershwin 2006)*

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>805</id>
      <parentid>804</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T21:36:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4595">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32) 

&lt;br&gt;

=== Carybdeidae  ===

(Gegenbaur 1856) 

*''Carybdea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1809) 
**''marsupialis'' (Linné 1758)* 
**''rastoni ''(Haacke 1886; Sydney (D, M) 
**''sivickisi '' ('''pictured''', Stiasny 1926) 
**''xaymacana''(Conant 1897) 
*''Tripedalia'' (Conant 1897) 
*''binata'' (Moore 1988) 
*''cystophora'' ('''pictured''', Conant 1897; Kakaban (D, M), Florida (D, M))[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|Tripedalia cystophora Conant 1897]] 

=== [[Alatinidae]]  ===

(Gershwin 2005) &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' (Gershwin 2005) &lt;br&gt; 
**''alata'' (Reynaud 1830; New Guinea (D, M))* &lt;br&gt; 
**''grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''madraspatana''(Menon 1930) 
**''mordens'' (Gershwin 2005) 
**''moseri'' (Mayer 1906) 
**''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''rainensis'' (Gershwin 2005) 
**''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|Tamoya haplonema (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

=== Tamoyidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Carukia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''barnesi'' (Southcott 1967)* 
**''shinju'' (Gershwin 2005) 
*''Gerongia'' (Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005) 
**''rifkinae'' (Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005)* 
*''Malo'' (Gershwin 2005) 
**''maxima'' (Gershwin 2005) 
*''Tamoya'' (Muller 1859) 
**''haeckeli'' (Southcott 1967) 
**''haplonema'' ('''pictured''', Muller 1859, Japan (D, M))*

=== Chirodropidae  ===

(Haeckel 1877) 

*''Chirodropus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''gorilla'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''palmatus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**sp. (Stiasny 1992) 
*''Chironex'' (Southcott 1956) [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (F. Müller, 1859)]]
*
**''fleckeri'' (Southcott 1956, Townsville, (D)) *

=== Chiropsalmidae  ===

(Thiel 1936) 

*''Chiropsalmus'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''alipes'' (Gershwin 2006) 
**''maculatus'' (Cornelius et al. 2005) 
**''quadrumanus'' ('''pictured''', Müller 1859)* 
**''zygonema'' (Haeckel 1880) 
*''Chiropsoides'' (Southott 1956) 
**''buitendijki'' (Horst 1907, Parangipettai (D)) 
**''quadrigatus '' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880, Palau (D, M)) 
*''Chiropsella'' (Gershwin 2006) 
**[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrigatus  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''bronzie'' (Gershwin 2006)*

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>806</id>
      <parentid>805</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T21:37:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Cubomedusae Species */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4597">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32) 

&lt;br&gt;

=== Carybdeidae  ===

(Gegenbaur 1856) 

*''Carybdea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1809) 
**''marsupialis'' (Linné 1758)* 
**''rastoni ''(Haacke 1886; Sydney (D, M) 
**''sivickisi '' ('''pictured''', Stiasny 1926) 
**''xaymacana''(Conant 1897) 
*''Tripedalia'' (Conant 1897) 
**''binata'' (Moore 1988) 
**''cystophora'' ('''pictured''', Conant 1897; Kakaban (D, M), Florida (D, M))[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|Tripedalia cystophora Conant 1897]] 

=== [[Alatinidae]]  ===

(Gershwin 2005) &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' (Gershwin 2005) &lt;br&gt; 
**''alata'' (Reynaud 1830; New Guinea (D, M))* &lt;br&gt; 
**''grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''madraspatana''(Menon 1930) 
**''mordens'' (Gershwin 2005) 
**''moseri'' (Mayer 1906) 
**''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''rainensis'' (Gershwin 2005) 
**''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|Tamoya haplonema (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

=== Tamoyidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Carukia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''barnesi'' (Southcott 1967)* 
**''shinju'' (Gershwin 2005) 
*''Gerongia'' (Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005) 
**''rifkinae'' (Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005)* 
*''Malo'' (Gershwin 2005) 
**''maxima'' (Gershwin 2005) 
*''Tamoya'' (Muller 1859) 
**''haeckeli'' (Southcott 1967) 
**''haplonema'' ('''pictured''', Muller 1859, Japan (D, M))*

=== Chirodropidae  ===

(Haeckel 1877) 

*''Chirodropus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''gorilla'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''palmatus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**sp. (Stiasny 1992) 
*''Chironex'' (Southcott 1956) [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (F. Müller, 1859)]]
*
**''fleckeri'' (Southcott 1956, Townsville, (D)) *

=== Chiropsalmidae  ===

(Thiel 1936) 

*''Chiropsalmus'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''alipes'' (Gershwin 2006) 
**''maculatus'' (Cornelius et al. 2005) 
**''quadrumanus'' ('''pictured''', Müller 1859)* 
**''zygonema'' (Haeckel 1880) 
*''Chiropsoides'' (Southott 1956) 
**''buitendijki'' (Horst 1907, Parangipettai (D)) 
**''quadrigatus '' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880, Palau (D, M)) 
*''Chiropsella'' (Gershwin 2006) 
**[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrigatus  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''bronzie'' (Gershwin 2006)*

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>807</id>
      <parentid>806</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T21:38:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Cubomedusae Species */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4595">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32) 

&lt;br&gt;

=== Carybdeidae  ===

(Gegenbaur 1856) 

*''Carybdea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1809) 
**''marsupialis'' (Linné 1758)* 
**''rastoni ''(Haacke 1886; Sydney (D, M) 
**''sivickisi '' ('''pictured''', Stiasny 1926) 
**''xaymacana''(Conant 1897) 
*''Tripedalia'' (Conant 1897) 
**''binata'' (Moore 1988) 
**''cystophora'' ('''pictured''', Conant 1897; Kakaban (D, M), Florida (D, M))[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|Tripedalia cystophora Conant 1897]] 

=== [[Alatinidae]]  ===

(Gershwin 2005) &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' (Gershwin 2005) &lt;br&gt; 
**''alata'' (Reynaud 1830; New Guinea (D, M))* &lt;br&gt; 
**''grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''madraspatana''(Menon 1930) 
**''mordens'' (Gershwin 2005) 
**''moseri'' (Mayer 1906) 
**''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''rainensis'' (Gershwin 2005) 
**''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|Tamoya haplonema (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

=== Tamoyidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Carukia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''barnesi'' (Southcott 1967)* 
**''shinju'' (Gershwin 2005) 
*''Gerongia'' (Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005) 
**''rifkinae'' (Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005)* 
*''Malo'' (Gershwin 2005) 
**''maxima'' (Gershwin 2005) 
*''Tamoya'' (Muller 1859) 
**''haeckeli'' (Southcott 1967) 
**''haplonema'' ('''pictured''', Muller 1859, Japan (D, M))*

=== Chirodropidae  ===

(Haeckel 1877) 

*''Chirodropus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''gorilla'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''palmatus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**sp. (Stiasny 1992) 
*''Chironex'' (Southcott 1956) [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (F. Müller, 1859)]]
**''fleckeri'' (Southcott 1956, Townsville, (D)) *

=== Chiropsalmidae  ===

(Thiel 1936) 

*''Chiropsalmus'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''alipes'' (Gershwin 2006) 
**''maculatus'' (Cornelius et al. 2005) 
**''quadrumanus'' ('''pictured''', Müller 1859)* 
**''zygonema'' (Haeckel 1880) 
*''Chiropsoides'' (Southott 1956) 
**''buitendijki'' (Horst 1907, Parangipettai (D)) 
**''quadrigatus '' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880, Palau (D, M)) 
*''Chiropsella'' (Gershwin 2006) 
**[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right|Chiropsalmus quadrigatus  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''bronzie'' (Gershwin 2006)*

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>993</id>
      <parentid>807</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T23:13:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4438">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32) 

&lt;br&gt;

=== Carybdeidae  ===

Gegenbaur 1856 

*''Carybdea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1809 
**''marsupialis'' (Linné 1758)* 
**''rastoni ''Haacke 1886 
**''sivickisi '' Stiasny 1926  '''pictured'''
**''xaymacana''Conant 1897 
*''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 
**''binata'' Moore 1988 
**''cystophora'' ('''pictured''', Conant 1897; Kakaban (D, M), Florida (D, M))[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897]] 

=== [[Alatinidae]]  ===

Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 
**''alata'' (Reynaud 1830) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''madraspatana''(Menon 1930) 
**''mordens'' Gershwin 2005 
**''moseri'' (Mayer 1906) 
**''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''rainensis'' Gershwin 2005 
**''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|''Tamoya haplonema'' (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

=== Tamoyidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 
**''barnesi'' Southcott 1967 * 
**''shinju'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 
**''rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 * 
*''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 
**''maxima'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 
**''haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 
**''haplonema'' Muller 1859 *  '''pictured'''

=== Chirodropidae  ===

Haeckel 1877 

*''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 
**sp. Stiasny 1992 
*''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859]]
**''fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 *

=== Chiropsalmidae  ===

Thiel 1936 

*''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''alipes'' Gershwin 2006 
**''maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005 
**''quadrumanus'' Müller 1859 *  '''pictured'''
**''zygonema'' Haeckel 1880 
*''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
**''buitendijki'' (Horst 1907) 
**''quadrigatus '' (Haeckel 1880)  '''pictured'''
*''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
**[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsalmus quadrigatus''  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>994</id>
      <parentid>993</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T23:14:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4404">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32) 

&lt;br&gt;

=== Carybdeidae  ===

Gegenbaur 1856 

*''Carybdea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1809 
**''marsupialis'' (Linné 1758)* 
**''rastoni ''Haacke 1886 
**''sivickisi '' Stiasny 1926  '''pictured'''
**''xaymacana''Conant 1897 
*''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 
**''binata'' Moore 1988 
**''cystophora'' Conant 1897 '''pictured'''
[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897]] 

=== [[Alatinidae]]  ===

Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 
**''alata'' (Reynaud 1830) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''madraspatana''(Menon 1930) 
**''mordens'' Gershwin 2005 
**''moseri'' (Mayer 1906) 
**''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''rainensis'' Gershwin 2005 
**''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|''Tamoya haplonema'' (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

=== Tamoyidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 
**''barnesi'' Southcott 1967 * 
**''shinju'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 
**''rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 * 
*''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 
**''maxima'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 
**''haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 
**''haplonema'' Muller 1859 *  '''pictured'''

=== Chirodropidae  ===

Haeckel 1877 

*''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 
**sp. Stiasny 1992 
*''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859]]
**''fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 *

=== Chiropsalmidae  ===

Thiel 1936 

*''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''alipes'' Gershwin 2006 
**''maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005 
**''quadrumanus'' Müller 1859 *  '''pictured'''
**''zygonema'' Haeckel 1880 
*''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
**''buitendijki'' (Horst 1907) 
**''quadrigatus '' (Haeckel 1880)  '''pictured'''
*''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
**[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsalmus quadrigatus''  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>995</id>
      <parentid>994</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T23:15:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4426">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32) 

&lt;br&gt;

=== Carybdeidae  ===

Gegenbaur 1856 

*''Carybdea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1809 
**''marsupialis'' (Linné 1758)* 
**''rastoni ''Haacke 1886 
**''sivickisi '' Stiasny 1926  '''pictured'''
**''xaymacana''Conant 1897 
*''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 
**''binata'' Moore 1988 
**''cystophora'' Conant 1897 '''pictured'''
[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897]] 

&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Alatinidae]]  ===

Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 
**''alata'' (Reynaud 1830) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''madraspatana''(Menon 1930) 
**''mordens'' Gershwin 2005 
**''moseri'' (Mayer 1906) 
**''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''rainensis'' Gershwin 2005 
**''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|''Tamoya haplonema'' (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

&lt;br&gt;
=== Tamoyidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 
**''barnesi'' Southcott 1967 * 
**''shinju'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 
**''rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 * 
*''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 
**''maxima'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 
**''haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 
**''haplonema'' Muller 1859 *  '''pictured'''

&lt;br&gt;
=== Chirodropidae  ===

Haeckel 1877 

*''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 
**sp. Stiasny 1992 
*''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859]]
**''fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 *

&lt;br&gt;

=== Chiropsalmidae  ===

Thiel 1936 

*''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''alipes'' Gershwin 2006 
**''maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005 
**''quadrumanus'' Müller 1859 *  '''pictured'''
**''zygonema'' Haeckel 1880 
*''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
**''buitendijki'' (Horst 1907) 
**''quadrigatus '' (Haeckel 1880)  '''pictured'''
*''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
**[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsalmus quadrigatus''  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>996</id>
      <parentid>995</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T23:16:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4424">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32) 

&lt;br&gt;

=== Carybdeidae  ===

Gegenbaur 1856 

*''Carybdea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1809 
**''marsupialis'' (Linné 1758)* 
**''rastoni ''Haacke 1886 
**''sivickisi '' Stiasny 1926  '''pictured'''
**''xaymacana''Conant 1897 
*''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 
**''binata'' Moore 1988 
**''cystophora'' Conant 1897 '''pictured'''
[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897]] 

&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Alatinidae]]  ===

Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 
**''alata'' (Reynaud 1830) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''madraspatana''(Menon 1930) 
**''mordens'' Gershwin 2005 
**''moseri'' (Mayer 1906) 
**''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''rainensis'' Gershwin 2005 
**''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|''Tamoya haplonema'' (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

&lt;br&gt;
=== Tamoyidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 
**''barnesi'' Southcott 1967 * 
**''shinju'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 
**''rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 * 
*''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 
**''maxima'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 
**''haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 
**''haplonema'' Muller 1859 *  '''pictured'''

&lt;br&gt;
=== Chirodropidae  ===

Haeckel 1877 

*''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 
**sp. Stiasny 1992 
*''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859]]
**''fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 *

&lt;br&gt;

=== Chiropsalmidae  ===

Thiel 1936 

*''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''alipes'' Gershwin 2006 
**''maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005 
**''quadrumanus'' Müller 1859 *  '''pictured'''
**''zygonema'' Haeckel 1880 
*''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
**''buitendijki'' (Horst 1907) 
**''quadrigatus '' (Haeckel 1880)  '''pictured'''
*''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsalmus quadrigatus''  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>997</id>
      <parentid>996</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T23:16:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4424">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32) 

&lt;br&gt;

=== Carybdeidae  ===

Gegenbaur 1856 

*''Carybdea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1809 
**''marsupialis'' (Linné 1758)* 
**''rastoni ''Haacke 1886 
**''sivickisi '' Stiasny 1926  '''pictured'''
**''xaymacana''Conant 1897 
*''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 
**''binata'' Moore 1988 
**''cystophora'' Conant 1897 '''pictured'''
[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897]] 

&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Alatinidae]]  ===

Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 
**''alata'' (Reynaud 1830) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''madraspatana''(Menon 1930) 
**''mordens'' Gershwin 2005 
**''moseri'' (Mayer 1906) 
**''pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''rainensis'' Gershwin 2005 
**''tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|''Tamoya haplonema'' (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

&lt;br&gt;
=== Tamoyidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 
**''barnesi'' Southcott 1967 * 
**''shinju'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 
**''rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 * 
*''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 
**''maxima'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 
**''haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 
**''haplonema'' Muller 1859 *  '''pictured'''

&lt;br&gt;
=== Chirodropidae  ===

Haeckel 1877 

*''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 
**sp. Stiasny 1992 
*''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859]]
**''fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 *

&lt;br&gt;

=== Chiropsalmidae  ===

Thiel 1936 

*''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''alipes'' Gershwin 2006 
**''maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005 
**''quadrumanus'' Müller 1859 *  '''pictured'''
**''zygonema'' Haeckel 1880 
*''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
**''buitendijki'' (Horst 1907) 
**''quadrigatus '' (Haeckel 1880)  '''pictured'''
*''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsoides quadrigatus''  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1049</id>
      <parentid>997</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T05:39:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4737">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32) 

&lt;br&gt;

=== Carybdeidae  ===

Gegenbaur 1856 

*''Carybdea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1809 
**''Carybdea marsupialis'' (Linné 1758)* 
**''Carybdea rastoni ''Haacke 1886 
**''Carybdea sivickisi '' Stiasny 1926  '''pictured'''
**''Carybdea xaymacana''Conant 1897 
*''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 
**''Tripedalia binata'' Moore 1988 
**''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897 '''pictured'''
[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897]] 

&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Alatinidae]]  ===

Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 
**''Alatina alata'' (Reynaud 1830) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''Alatina grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''Alatina madraspatana''(Menon 1930) 
**''Alatina mordens'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Alatina moseri'' (Mayer 1906) 
**''Alatina pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Alatina rainensis'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Alatina tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|''Tamoya haplonema'' (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''Manokia stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

&lt;br&gt;
=== Tamoyidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 
**''Carukia barnesi'' Southcott 1967 * 
**''Carukia shinju'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 
**''Gerongia rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 * 
*''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Malo maxima'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 
**''Tamoya haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 
**''Tamoya haplonema'' Muller 1859 *  '''pictured'''

&lt;br&gt;
=== Chirodropidae  ===

Haeckel 1877 

*''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Chirodropus gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Chirodropus palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Chirodropus'' sp. Stiasny 1992 
*''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859]]
**''Chironex fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 *

&lt;br&gt;

=== Chiropsalmidae  ===

Thiel 1936 

*''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Chiropsalmus alipes'' Gershwin 2006 
**''Chiropsalmus maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005 
**''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859 *  '''pictured'''
**''Chiropsalmus zygonema'' Haeckel 1880 
*''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
**''Chiropsoides buitendijki'' (Horst 1907) 
**''Chiropsoides quadrigatus '' (Haeckel 1880)  '''pictured'''
*''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsoides quadrigatus''  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''Chiropsella bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1115</id>
      <parentid>1049</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T07:49:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4761">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32) 

&lt;br&gt;

=== Carybdeidae  ===

Gegenbaur 1856 

*''Carybdea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1809 
**''Carybdea marsupialis'' (Linné 1758)* 
**''Carybdea rastoni ''Haacke 1886 
**''Carybdea sivickisi '' Stiasny 1926  '''pictured'''
**''Carybdea xaymacana''Conant 1897 
*''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 
**''Tripedalia binata'' Moore 1988 
**''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897 '''pictured'''
[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897]] 

&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Alatinidae]]  ===

Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 
**''Alatina alata'' (Reynaud 1830) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''Alatina grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''Alatina madraspatana''(Menon 1930) 
**''Alatina mordens'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Alatina moseri'' (Mayer 1906) 
**''Alatina pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Alatina rainensis'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Alatina tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|''Tamoya haplonema'' (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''Manokia stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

&lt;br&gt;
=== Tamoyidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 
**''Carukia barnesi'' Southcott 1967 * 
**''Carukia shinju'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 
**''Gerongia rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 * 
*''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Malo maxima'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 
**''Tamoya haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 
**''Tamoya haplonema'' Muller 1859 *  '''pictured'''

&lt;br&gt;
=== Chirodropidae  ===

Haeckel 1877 

*''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Chirodropus gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Chirodropus palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Chirodropus'' sp. Stiasny 1992 
*''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859]]
**''Chironex fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 *

&lt;br&gt;

=== Chiropsalmidae  ===

Thiel 1936 

*''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Chiropsalmus alipes'' Gershwin 2006 
**''Chiropsalmus maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005 
**''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859 *  '''pictured'''
**''Chiropsalmus zygonema'' Haeckel 1880 
*''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
**''Chiropsoides buitendijki'' (Horst 1907) 
**''Chiropsoides quadrigatus '' (Haeckel 1880)  '''pictured'''
*''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsoides quadrigatus''  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''Chiropsella bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Cubozoa| ]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1698</id>
      <parentid>1115</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-12-15T00:33:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MatildaHarris</username>
        <id>172</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4980">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;best weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32) 

&lt;br&gt;

=== Carybdeidae  ===

Gegenbaur 1856 

*''Carybdea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1809 
**''Carybdea marsupialis'' (Linné 1758)* 
**''Carybdea rastoni ''Haacke 1886 
**''Carybdea sivickisi '' Stiasny 1926  '''pictured'''
**''Carybdea xaymacana''Conant 1897 
*''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 
**''Tripedalia binata'' Moore 1988 
**''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897 '''pictured'''
[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897]] 

&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Alatinidae]]  ===

Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 
**''Alatina alata'' (Reynaud 1830) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''Alatina grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''Alatina madraspatana''(Menon 1930) 
**''Alatina mordens'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Alatina moseri'' (Mayer 1906) 
**''Alatina pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Alatina rainensis'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Alatina tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|''Tamoya haplonema'' (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''Manokia stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

&lt;br&gt;
=== Tamoyidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 
**''Carukia barnesi'' Southcott 1967 * 
**''Carukia shinju'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 
**''Gerongia rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 * 
*''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Malo maxima'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 
**''Tamoya haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 
**''Tamoya haplonema'' Muller 1859 *  '''pictured'''

&lt;br&gt;
=== Chirodropidae  ===

Haeckel 1877 

*''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Chirodropus gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Chirodropus palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Chirodropus'' sp. Stiasny 1992 
*''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859]]
**''Chironex fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 *

&lt;br&gt;

=== Chiropsalmidae  ===

Thiel 1936 

*''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Chiropsalmus alipes'' Gershwin 2006 
**''Chiropsalmus maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005 
**''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859 *  '''pictured'''
**''Chiropsalmus zygonema'' Haeckel 1880 
*''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
**''Chiropsoides buitendijki'' (Horst 1907) 
**''Chiropsoides quadrigatus '' (Haeckel 1880)  '''pictured'''
*''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsoides quadrigatus''  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''Chiropsella bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Cubozoa| ]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1701</id>
      <parentid>1698</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-12-18T10:05:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmelieDay</username>
        <id>470</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5214">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;best weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;web based church management software&lt;/span&gt;] that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32) 

&lt;br&gt;

=== Carybdeidae  ===

Gegenbaur 1856 

*''Carybdea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1809 
**''Carybdea marsupialis'' (Linné 1758)* 
**''Carybdea rastoni ''Haacke 1886 
**''Carybdea sivickisi '' Stiasny 1926  '''pictured'''
**''Carybdea xaymacana''Conant 1897 
*''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 
**''Tripedalia binata'' Moore 1988 
**''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897 '''pictured'''
[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897]] 

&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Alatinidae]]  ===

Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 
**''Alatina alata'' (Reynaud 1830) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''Alatina grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''Alatina madraspatana''(Menon 1930) 
**''Alatina mordens'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Alatina moseri'' (Mayer 1906) 
**''Alatina pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Alatina rainensis'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Alatina tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|''Tamoya haplonema'' (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''Manokia stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

&lt;br&gt;
=== Tamoyidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 
**''Carukia barnesi'' Southcott 1967 * 
**''Carukia shinju'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 
**''Gerongia rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 * 
*''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Malo maxima'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 
**''Tamoya haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 
**''Tamoya haplonema'' Muller 1859 *  '''pictured'''

&lt;br&gt;
=== Chirodropidae  ===

Haeckel 1877 

*''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Chirodropus gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Chirodropus palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Chirodropus'' sp. Stiasny 1992 
*''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859]]
**''Chironex fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 *

&lt;br&gt;

=== Chiropsalmidae  ===

Thiel 1936 

*''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Chiropsalmus alipes'' Gershwin 2006 
**''Chiropsalmus maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005 
**''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859 *  '''pictured'''
**''Chiropsalmus zygonema'' Haeckel 1880 
*''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
**''Chiropsoides buitendijki'' (Horst 1907) 
**''Chiropsoides quadrigatus '' (Haeckel 1880)  '''pictured'''
*''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsoides quadrigatus''  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''Chiropsella bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Cubozoa| ]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1729</id>
      <parentid>1701</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-01-18T17:10:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MatildaHarris</username>
        <id>172</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5422">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;best weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;web based church management software&lt;/span&gt;] that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.phuketproperty.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Villa in Phuket&lt;/span&gt;] based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32) 

&lt;br&gt;

=== Carybdeidae  ===

Gegenbaur 1856 

*''Carybdea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1809 
**''Carybdea marsupialis'' (Linné 1758)* 
**''Carybdea rastoni ''Haacke 1886 
**''Carybdea sivickisi '' Stiasny 1926  '''pictured'''
**''Carybdea xaymacana''Conant 1897 
*''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 
**''Tripedalia binata'' Moore 1988 
**''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897 '''pictured'''
[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897]] 

&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Alatinidae]]  ===

Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 
**''Alatina alata'' (Reynaud 1830) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''Alatina grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''Alatina madraspatana''(Menon 1930) 
**''Alatina mordens'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Alatina moseri'' (Mayer 1906) 
**''Alatina pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Alatina rainensis'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Alatina tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|''Tamoya haplonema'' (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''Manokia stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

&lt;br&gt;
=== Tamoyidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 
**''Carukia barnesi'' Southcott 1967 * 
**''Carukia shinju'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 
**''Gerongia rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 * 
*''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Malo maxima'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 
**''Tamoya haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 
**''Tamoya haplonema'' Muller 1859 *  '''pictured'''

&lt;br&gt;
=== Chirodropidae  ===

Haeckel 1877 

*''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Chirodropus gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Chirodropus palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Chirodropus'' sp. Stiasny 1992 
*''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859]]
**''Chironex fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 *

&lt;br&gt;

=== Chiropsalmidae  ===

Thiel 1936 

*''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Chiropsalmus alipes'' Gershwin 2006 
**''Chiropsalmus maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005 
**''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859 *  '''pictured'''
**''Chiropsalmus zygonema'' Haeckel 1880 
*''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
**''Chiropsoides buitendijki'' (Horst 1907) 
**''Chiropsoides quadrigatus '' (Haeckel 1880)  '''pictured'''
*''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsoides quadrigatus''  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''Chiropsella bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Cubozoa| ]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1818</id>
      <parentid>1729</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-02-15T18:36:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>KevinLove</username>
        <id>801</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5622">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;best weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;web based church management software&lt;/span&gt;] that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.phuketproperty.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Villa in Phuket&lt;/span&gt;] based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.ukppiclaims.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;ppi claims&lt;/span&gt;] the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32) 

&lt;br&gt;

=== Carybdeidae  ===

Gegenbaur 1856 

*''Carybdea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1809 
**''Carybdea marsupialis'' (Linné 1758)* 
**''Carybdea rastoni ''Haacke 1886 
**''Carybdea sivickisi '' Stiasny 1926  '''pictured'''
**''Carybdea xaymacana''Conant 1897 
*''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 
**''Tripedalia binata'' Moore 1988 
**''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897 '''pictured'''
[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897]] 

&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Alatinidae]]  ===

Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 
**''Alatina alata'' (Reynaud 1830) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''Alatina grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''Alatina madraspatana''(Menon 1930) 
**''Alatina mordens'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Alatina moseri'' (Mayer 1906) 
**''Alatina pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Alatina rainensis'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Alatina tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|''Tamoya haplonema'' (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''Manokia stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

&lt;br&gt;
=== Tamoyidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 
**''Carukia barnesi'' Southcott 1967 * 
**''Carukia shinju'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 
**''Gerongia rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 * 
*''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Malo maxima'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 
**''Tamoya haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 
**''Tamoya haplonema'' Muller 1859 *  '''pictured'''

&lt;br&gt;
=== Chirodropidae  ===

Haeckel 1877 

*''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Chirodropus gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Chirodropus palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Chirodropus'' sp. Stiasny 1992 
*''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859]]
**''Chironex fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 *

&lt;br&gt;

=== Chiropsalmidae  ===

Thiel 1936 

*''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Chiropsalmus alipes'' Gershwin 2006 
**''Chiropsalmus maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005 
**''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859 *  '''pictured'''
**''Chiropsalmus zygonema'' Haeckel 1880 
*''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
**''Chiropsoides buitendijki'' (Horst 1907) 
**''Chiropsoides quadrigatus '' (Haeckel 1880)  '''pictured'''
*''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsoides quadrigatus''  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''Chiropsella bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Cubozoa| ]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1819</id>
      <parentid>1818</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-02-16T00:27:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/KevinLove|KevinLove]] ([[User talk:KevinLove|Talk]]); changed back to last version by [[User:MatildaHarris|MatildaHarris]]</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5422">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;best weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;web based church management software&lt;/span&gt;] that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.phuketproperty.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Villa in Phuket&lt;/span&gt;] based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32) 

&lt;br&gt;

=== Carybdeidae  ===

Gegenbaur 1856 

*''Carybdea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1809 
**''Carybdea marsupialis'' (Linné 1758)* 
**''Carybdea rastoni ''Haacke 1886 
**''Carybdea sivickisi '' Stiasny 1926  '''pictured'''
**''Carybdea xaymacana''Conant 1897 
*''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 
**''Tripedalia binata'' Moore 1988 
**''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897 '''pictured'''
[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897]] 

&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Alatinidae]]  ===

Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 
**''Alatina alata'' (Reynaud 1830) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''Alatina grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''Alatina madraspatana''(Menon 1930) 
**''Alatina mordens'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Alatina moseri'' (Mayer 1906) 
**''Alatina pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Alatina rainensis'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Alatina tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|''Tamoya haplonema'' (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''Manokia stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

&lt;br&gt;
=== Tamoyidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 
**''Carukia barnesi'' Southcott 1967 * 
**''Carukia shinju'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 
**''Gerongia rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 * 
*''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Malo maxima'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 
**''Tamoya haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 
**''Tamoya haplonema'' Muller 1859 *  '''pictured'''

&lt;br&gt;
=== Chirodropidae  ===

Haeckel 1877 

*''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Chirodropus gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Chirodropus palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Chirodropus'' sp. Stiasny 1992 
*''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859]]
**''Chironex fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 *

&lt;br&gt;

=== Chiropsalmidae  ===

Thiel 1936 

*''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Chiropsalmus alipes'' Gershwin 2006 
**''Chiropsalmus maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005 
**''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859 *  '''pictured'''
**''Chiropsalmus zygonema'' Haeckel 1880 
*''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
**''Chiropsoides buitendijki'' (Horst 1907) 
**''Chiropsoides quadrigatus '' (Haeckel 1880)  '''pictured'''
*''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsoides quadrigatus''  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''Chiropsella bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Cubozoa| ]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1836</id>
      <parentid>1819</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-02-21T11:42:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmberRowe</username>
        <id>829</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5691">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.blogsforfred.com/2011/06/14/chetan-kapur-integrity-and-the-well-rounded-individual/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;chetan kapur&lt;/span&gt;] spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;best weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;web based church management software&lt;/span&gt;] that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.phuketproperty.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Villa in Phuket&lt;/span&gt;] based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32) 

&lt;br&gt;

=== Carybdeidae  ===

Gegenbaur 1856 

*''Carybdea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1809 
**''Carybdea marsupialis'' (Linné 1758)* 
**''Carybdea rastoni ''Haacke 1886 
**''Carybdea sivickisi '' Stiasny 1926  '''pictured'''
**''Carybdea xaymacana''Conant 1897 
*''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 
**''Tripedalia binata'' Moore 1988 
**''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897 '''pictured'''
[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897]] 

&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Alatinidae]]  ===

Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 
**''Alatina alata'' (Reynaud 1830) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''Alatina grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''Alatina madraspatana''(Menon 1930) 
**''Alatina mordens'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Alatina moseri'' (Mayer 1906) 
**''Alatina pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Alatina rainensis'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Alatina tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|''Tamoya haplonema'' (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''Manokia stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

&lt;br&gt;
=== Tamoyidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 
**''Carukia barnesi'' Southcott 1967 * 
**''Carukia shinju'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 
**''Gerongia rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 * 
*''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Malo maxima'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 
**''Tamoya haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 
**''Tamoya haplonema'' Muller 1859 *  '''pictured'''

&lt;br&gt;
=== Chirodropidae  ===

Haeckel 1877 

*''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Chirodropus gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Chirodropus palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Chirodropus'' sp. Stiasny 1992 
*''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859]]
**''Chironex fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 *

&lt;br&gt;

=== Chiropsalmidae  ===

Thiel 1936 

*''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Chiropsalmus alipes'' Gershwin 2006 
**''Chiropsalmus maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005 
**''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859 *  '''pictured'''
**''Chiropsalmus zygonema'' Haeckel 1880 
*''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
**''Chiropsoides buitendijki'' (Horst 1907) 
**''Chiropsoides quadrigatus '' (Haeckel 1880)  '''pictured'''
*''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsoides quadrigatus''  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''Chiropsella bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Cubozoa| ]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1844</id>
      <parentid>1836</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-02-22T05:19:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/AmberRowe|AmberRowe]] ([[User talk:AmberRowe|Talk]]); changed back to last version by [[User:Mdawson|Mdawson]]</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5422">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;best weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;web based church management software&lt;/span&gt;] that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.phuketproperty.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Villa in Phuket&lt;/span&gt;] based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32) 

&lt;br&gt;

=== Carybdeidae  ===

Gegenbaur 1856 

*''Carybdea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1809 
**''Carybdea marsupialis'' (Linné 1758)* 
**''Carybdea rastoni ''Haacke 1886 
**''Carybdea sivickisi '' Stiasny 1926  '''pictured'''
**''Carybdea xaymacana''Conant 1897 
*''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 
**''Tripedalia binata'' Moore 1988 
**''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897 '''pictured'''
[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897]] 

&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Alatinidae]]  ===

Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 
**''Alatina alata'' (Reynaud 1830) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''Alatina grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''Alatina madraspatana''(Menon 1930) 
**''Alatina mordens'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Alatina moseri'' (Mayer 1906) 
**''Alatina pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Alatina rainensis'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Alatina tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|''Tamoya haplonema'' (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''Manokia stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

&lt;br&gt;
=== Tamoyidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 
**''Carukia barnesi'' Southcott 1967 * 
**''Carukia shinju'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 
**''Gerongia rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 * 
*''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Malo maxima'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 
**''Tamoya haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 
**''Tamoya haplonema'' Muller 1859 *  '''pictured'''

&lt;br&gt;
=== Chirodropidae  ===

Haeckel 1877 

*''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Chirodropus gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Chirodropus palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Chirodropus'' sp. Stiasny 1992 
*''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859]]
**''Chironex fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 *

&lt;br&gt;

=== Chiropsalmidae  ===

Thiel 1936 

*''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Chiropsalmus alipes'' Gershwin 2006 
**''Chiropsalmus maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005 
**''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859 *  '''pictured'''
**''Chiropsalmus zygonema'' Haeckel 1880 
*''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
**''Chiropsoides buitendijki'' (Horst 1907) 
**''Chiropsoides quadrigatus '' (Haeckel 1880)  '''pictured'''
*''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsoides quadrigatus''  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''Chiropsella bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Cubozoa| ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1919</id>
      <parentid>1844</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-03-27T01:40:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4761">*Class - Cubozoa (Werner 1975)&lt;br&gt; 
*Order - Cubomedusae (Haeckel 1877)&lt;br&gt; 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin not cleft into lappets; with four interradial tentacles or groups of tentacles situated on gelatinous, wing-shaped or spatula-shaped structures (pedalia); with four perradial sense organs situated within niches on the sides of the bell; with four wide perradial sacs extending outwards from the central stomach into the subumbrellar cavity, incompletely separated by interradial septa; with four pairs of leaf-shaped gonads attached along the interradial septa and extending into the gastrovascular space; the opening of the bell cavity partly closed by an annular diaphragm (velarium). 

&lt;br&gt; The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic position of the box jellyfishes has been much debated. They were originally considered to be an order (Cubomedusae Haeckel 1877) in the Class Scyphozoa (e.g. Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961). In the mid-1970's, however, they were given the status of a class (Cubozoa Werner 1975; see also Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius 1999) on the basis of morphological differences. Recent molecular data, however, raised a paradox in that Class Cubozoa was more closely related than Order Stauromedusae to the other scyphozoan orders Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, and Rhizostomeae, i.e. &quot;Scyphozoa&quot; was paraphyletic (e.g. Collins 2002). This issue has now been resolved with elevation of stauromedusae to Class Staurozoa (e.g. Marques &amp;amp; Collins 2004; Dawson in press). The list of families, genera, and species below is based largely on Kramp (1961), Southcott (1967), Pagès et al. (1992), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), ZooBank, and the various recent publications of Gershwin. The group continues to be the subject of several morphological and molecular investigations which should help to clarify species relationships and boundaries.&lt;br&gt; 

== Cubomedusae Species  ==

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)'''[[Image:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg|thumb|right|Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny 1926]] 

*Genus (13) 
**Species (32) 

&lt;br&gt;

=== Carybdeidae  ===

Gegenbaur 1856 

*''Carybdea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1809 
**''Carybdea marsupialis'' (Linné 1758)* 
**''Carybdea rastoni ''Haacke 1886 
**''Carybdea sivickisi '' Stiasny 1926  '''pictured'''
**''Carybdea xaymacana''Conant 1897 
*''Tripedalia'' Conant 1897 
**''Tripedalia binata'' Moore 1988 
**''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897 '''pictured'''
[[Image:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg|thumb|right|''Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant 1897]] 

&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Alatinidae]]  ===

Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 

*''Alatina'' Gershwin 2005 &lt;br&gt; 
**''Alatina alata'' (Reynaud 1830) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''Alatina grandis'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1902) 
**''Alatina madraspatana''(Menon 1930) 
**''Alatina mordens'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Alatina moseri'' (Mayer 1906) 
**''Alatina pyramis'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Alatina rainensis'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Alatina tetraptera'' (Haeckel 1880) [[Image:Tam haplonema.jpg|thumb|right|''Tamoya haplonema'' (F. Müller, 1859)]] 
*''Manokia'' (Soutcott 1967) 
**''Manokia stisnyi'' (Bigelow 1938)*

&lt;br&gt;
=== Tamoyidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Carukia'' Soutcott 1967 
**''Carukia barnesi'' Southcott 1967 * 
**''Carukia shinju'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Gerongia'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 
**''Gerongia rifkinae'' Gershwin &amp;amp; Alderslade 2005 * 
*''Malo'' Gershwin 2005 
**''Malo maxima'' Gershwin 2005 
*''Tamoya'' Muller 1859 
**''Tamoya haeckeli'' Southcott 1967 
**''Tamoya haplonema'' Muller 1859 *  '''pictured'''

&lt;br&gt;
=== Chirodropidae  ===

Haeckel 1877 

*''Chirodropus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Chirodropus gorilla'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Chirodropus palmatus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Chirodropus'' sp. Stiasny 1992 
*''Chironex'' Southcott 1956 [[Image:Chir quadrumanus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859]]
**''Chironex fleckeri'' Southcott 1956 *

&lt;br&gt;

=== Chiropsalmidae  ===

Thiel 1936 

*''Chiropsalmus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Chiropsalmus alipes'' Gershwin 2006 
**''Chiropsalmus maculatus'' Cornelius et al. 2005 
**''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' Müller 1859 *  '''pictured'''
**''Chiropsalmus zygonema'' Haeckel 1880 
*''Chiropsoides'' Southott 1956 
**''Chiropsoides buitendijki'' (Horst 1907) 
**''Chiropsoides quadrigatus '' (Haeckel 1880)  '''pictured'''
*''Chiropsella'' Gershwin 2006 
[[Image:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg|thumb|right| ''Chiropsoides quadrigatus''  Haeckel 1880]] 
**''Chiropsella bronzie'' Gershwin 2006 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, L.A. Gershwin, G. Jarms, H. Mianzan, A.C. Morandini. Updated by M.N Dawson (August 2007). Further update pending.''&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Cubozoa| ]]</text>
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    <title>Current Events</title>
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      <timestamp>2008-08-13T18:54:24Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>New page: Event 1</comment>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="27">8/14/08 - [[My First Post]]</text>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="41">[[My School Blog]]


[[My Personal Blog]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="43">**[[My School Blog]]
**[[My Personal Blog]]</text>
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      <id>309</id>
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      <contributor>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="42">*[[My School Blog]]
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      <contributor>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="50">*[[My School Blog]]
**[[My Personal Blog]]
***hztt</text>
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      <contributor>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="41">*[[My School Blog]]
*[[My Personal Blog]]</text>
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      <contributor>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="21">*[[My Personal Blog]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>649</id>
      <parentid>315</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:03:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="181">{{Portal:Current events/DateHeader2|2009|11|16}}
&lt;!-- All news items below this line --&gt;
*&lt;!--First item goes here. (remove this please)--&gt;
&lt;!-- All news items above this line --&gt;|}</text>
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      <id>650</id>
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      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:04:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing all content from page</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
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      <id>1043</id>
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      <timestamp>2010-06-03T05:28:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>[[The Scyphozoan:Current events]] moved to [[Current Events]]: Original incorrectly named</comment>
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      <id>1168</id>
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      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:23:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
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      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="26">[[Category:Special Pages]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cyaneidae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>85</id>
    <revision>
      <id>524</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:09:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <comment>New page: '''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''  Semaeostomeae in which the central stomach gives rise to radiating pouches with in turn give rise to numerous branching, blind cana...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="402">'''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''

Semaeostomeae in which the central stomach gives rise to radiating pouches with in turn give rise to numerous branching, blind canals in the marginal lappets; without a ring-canal; with gonads in complexly folded, interradial eversions of the wall of the subumbrella; with tentacles arising from the subumbrella at some distance from the margin.</text>
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      <id>1125</id>
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      <timestamp>2011-01-04T07:58:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="426">'''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''

Semaeostomeae in which the central stomach gives rise to radiating pouches with in turn give rise to numerous branching, blind canals in the marginal lappets; without a ring-canal; with gonads in complexly folded, interradial eversions of the wall of the subumbrella; with tentacles arising from the subumbrella at some distance from the margin.

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
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      <id>1266</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="426">'''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''

Semaeostomeae in which the central stomach gives rise to radiating pouches with in turn give rise to numerous branching, blind canals in the marginal lappets; without a ring-canal; with gonads in complexly folded, interradial eversions of the wall of the subumbrella; with tentacles arising from the subumbrella at some distance from the margin.

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
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      <id>1321</id>
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      <timestamp>2011-03-09T06:07:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+sort key</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="428">'''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''

Semaeostomeae in which the central stomach gives rise to radiating pouches with in turn give rise to numerous branching, blind canals in the marginal lappets; without a ring-canal; with gonads in complexly folded, interradial eversions of the wall of the subumbrella; with tentacles arising from the subumbrella at some distance from the margin.

[[Category:Cyaneidae| ]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>DNA</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>218</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893</id>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T15:01:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''DNA Identification'''  ==== Genetic Barcodes&lt;br&gt;  ====  Like the UPC system of barcodes employed to uniquely identify manufactured goods, a single genetic marker could provide an univer...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1174">'''DNA Identification'''

==== Genetic Barcodes&lt;br&gt;  ====

Like the UPC system of barcodes employed to uniquely identify manufactured goods, a single genetic marker could provide an universal barcode system that uniquely identifies all animals on Earth (Hebert et al. 2003). Cytochrome Oxidase c subunit I (COI) has been adopted by the Census of Marine Life (COML) as the preferred genetic barcode. COML is recommending the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA, also known as 18S), which forms the basis of the Tree of Life project, as a second elective barcode 

Although there are limitations to the use of genetic barcodes—for example COI and 18S may not reflect important ecological, morphological, or adaptive genetic variation, and COI is not useful for phylogenetic reconstruction of anciently diverged species—a standardized genetic toolkit for helping to identify species is an important step toward a comprehensive global inventory of biodiversity. 

See [http://www.coreocean.org/Dev2Go.web?id=255158| COML's DNA barcoding protocol] and [http://www.barcodinglife.org/views/login.php Barcoding Life] for detailed explanations and additional resources.</text>
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      <id>894</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1179">= '''DNA Identification'''  =

==== Genetic Barcodes&lt;br&gt;  ====

Like the UPC system of barcodes employed to uniquely identify manufactured goods, a single genetic marker could provide an universal barcode system that uniquely identifies all animals on Earth (Hebert et al. 2003). Cytochrome Oxidase c subunit I (COI) has been adopted by the Census of Marine Life (COML) as the preferred genetic barcode. COML is recommending the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA, also known as 18S), which forms the basis of the Tree of Life project, as a second elective barcode 

Although there are limitations to the use of genetic barcodes—for example COI and 18S may not reflect important ecological, morphological, or adaptive genetic variation, and COI is not useful for phylogenetic reconstruction of anciently diverged species—a standardized genetic toolkit for helping to identify species is an important step toward a comprehensive global inventory of biodiversity. 

See [http://www.coreocean.org/Dev2Go.web?id=255158| COML's DNA barcoding protocol] and [http://www.barcodinglife.org/views/login.php Barcoding Life] for detailed explanations and additional resources.</text>
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      <id>1145</id>
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      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:12:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1208">= '''DNA Identification'''  =

==== Genetic Barcodes&lt;br&gt;  ====

Like the UPC system of barcodes employed to uniquely identify manufactured goods, a single genetic marker could provide an universal barcode system that uniquely identifies all animals on Earth (Hebert et al. 2003). Cytochrome Oxidase c subunit I (COI) has been adopted by the Census of Marine Life (COML) as the preferred genetic barcode. COML is recommending the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA, also known as 18S), which forms the basis of the Tree of Life project, as a second elective barcode 

Although there are limitations to the use of genetic barcodes—for example COI and 18S may not reflect important ecological, morphological, or adaptive genetic variation, and COI is not useful for phylogenetic reconstruction of anciently diverged species—a standardized genetic toolkit for helping to identify species is an important step toward a comprehensive global inventory of biodiversity. 

See [http://www.coreocean.org/Dev2Go.web?id=255158| COML's DNA barcoding protocol] and [http://www.barcodinglife.org/views/login.php Barcoding Life] for detailed explanations and additional resources.

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Discomedusa lobata</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>92</id>
    <revision>
      <id>535</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:33:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Characteristics of the species  (from Pagès et al. 1992)'''  With usually 8 and occasionally 9 rhopalia; between 8 and 40 tentacles, the number generally increasing with bell diameter;...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="990">'''Characteristics of the species  (from Pagès et al. 1992)'''

With usually 8 and occasionally 9 rhopalia; between 8 and 40 tentacles, the number generally increasing with bell diameter; between 32 and 48 lappets, the number generally increasing with bell diameter; the 8 perradial and interradial canals branched and usually anastomosing with the 8 simple adradial canals. Up to approximately 150 mm wide, disc-shaped. 


----

'''Meristics and morphometric features'''

Pagès et al. (1992) reported the bell diameters and the numbers of lappets, tentacles, and rhopalia for each of 14 medusae sampled in the Benguela Current during 1981-1982 (see Fig.). They noted that no medusae fitted completely the diagnosis of Kramp (1961) while some features were characteristic of Undosa undulata Haeckel 1880. On the basis of these measurements and those made previously by Thiel (1966), Pagès et al. (1992) concluded that U. undulata was a junior synonym of D. lobata.

[[Image:Example.jpg]]</text>
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      <id>536</id>
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      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:34:44Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1030">'''Characteristics of the species (from Pagès et al. 1992)''' 

With usually 8 and occasionally 9 rhopalia; between 8 and 40 tentacles, the number generally increasing with bell diameter; between 32 and 48 lappets, the number generally increasing with bell diameter; the 8 perradial and interradial canals branched and usually anastomosing with the 8 simple adradial canals. Up to approximately 150 mm wide, disc-shaped. 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

'''Meristics and morphometric features''' 

Pagès et al. (1992) reported the bell diameters and the numbers of lappets, tentacles, and rhopalia for each of 14 medusae sampled in the Benguela Current during 1981-1982 (see Fig.). They noted that no medusae fitted completely the diagnosis of Kramp (1961) while some features were characteristic of Undosa undulata Haeckel 1880. On the basis of these measurements and those made previously by Thiel (1966), Pagès et al. (1992) concluded that U. undulata was a junior synonym of D. lobata. 

&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:D_lobata.jpg|left|Discomedusa lobata]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>537</id>
      <parentid>536</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:35:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2320">'''Characteristics of the species (from Pagès et al. 1992)''' 

With usually 8 and occasionally 9 rhopalia; between 8 and 40 tentacles, the number generally increasing with bell diameter; between 32 and 48 lappets, the number generally increasing with bell diameter; the 8 perradial and interradial canals branched and usually anastomosing with the 8 simple adradial canals. Up to approximately 150 mm wide, disc-shaped. 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

'''Meristics and morphometric features''' 

Pagès et al. (1992) reported the bell diameters and the numbers of lappets, tentacles, and rhopalia for each of 14 medusae sampled in the Benguela Current during 1981-1982 (see Fig.). They noted that no medusae fitted completely the diagnosis of Kramp (1961) while some features were characteristic of Undosa undulata Haeckel 1880. On the basis of these measurements and those made previously by Thiel (1966), Pagès et al. (1992) concluded that U. undulata was a junior synonym of D. lobata. 

&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:D lobata.jpg|left|Discomedusa lobata]]

'''Notes'''

Pagès et al. (1992) noted that no medusae they measured fitted completely the diagnosis of Kramp (1961; see below). They also noted that some features were characteristic of Undosa undulata Haeckel 1880 (see below). On the basis of their measurements and those made previously by Thiel (1966) on medusae 40-100 mm from the Gulf of Guinea, Pagès et al. (1992) concluded that U. undulata is a junior synonym of D. lobata. The &quot;characteristics of the species&quot; given above therefore reflect the range of measurements made for features clearly reported for both species.

Diagnosis of D. lobata following Kramp (1961)
With 8 rhopalia, 24 tentacles, 32 lappets; the 8 perradial and interradial canals branched, the 8 adradial canals simple. 150 mm wide, disc-shaped, the 16 rhopalar lappets are as wide as, but somewhat longer than, the 16 tentacular lappets, without centrifugal canals; the terminal ramifications of the perradial and interradial canals fuse with the adradial canals.

Diagnosis of U. undulata following Kramp (1961)
With 8 rhopalia, 40 tentacles, 48 lappets; the 8 perradial and interradial canals branched, the 8 adradial canals simple and a ring canal. 120 mm wide, 40 mm high; a brown 16-rayed, star-like figure on exumbrella. 

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson''</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1031</id>
      <parentid>537</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T04:32:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>[[Lobata]] moved to [[Discomedusa lobata]]: To standardize referral to species pages</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2320">'''Characteristics of the species (from Pagès et al. 1992)''' 

With usually 8 and occasionally 9 rhopalia; between 8 and 40 tentacles, the number generally increasing with bell diameter; between 32 and 48 lappets, the number generally increasing with bell diameter; the 8 perradial and interradial canals branched and usually anastomosing with the 8 simple adradial canals. Up to approximately 150 mm wide, disc-shaped. 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

'''Meristics and morphometric features''' 

Pagès et al. (1992) reported the bell diameters and the numbers of lappets, tentacles, and rhopalia for each of 14 medusae sampled in the Benguela Current during 1981-1982 (see Fig.). They noted that no medusae fitted completely the diagnosis of Kramp (1961) while some features were characteristic of Undosa undulata Haeckel 1880. On the basis of these measurements and those made previously by Thiel (1966), Pagès et al. (1992) concluded that U. undulata was a junior synonym of D. lobata. 

&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:D lobata.jpg|left|Discomedusa lobata]]

'''Notes'''

Pagès et al. (1992) noted that no medusae they measured fitted completely the diagnosis of Kramp (1961; see below). They also noted that some features were characteristic of Undosa undulata Haeckel 1880 (see below). On the basis of their measurements and those made previously by Thiel (1966) on medusae 40-100 mm from the Gulf of Guinea, Pagès et al. (1992) concluded that U. undulata is a junior synonym of D. lobata. The &quot;characteristics of the species&quot; given above therefore reflect the range of measurements made for features clearly reported for both species.

Diagnosis of D. lobata following Kramp (1961)
With 8 rhopalia, 24 tentacles, 32 lappets; the 8 perradial and interradial canals branched, the 8 adradial canals simple. 150 mm wide, disc-shaped, the 16 rhopalar lappets are as wide as, but somewhat longer than, the 16 tentacular lappets, without centrifugal canals; the terminal ramifications of the perradial and interradial canals fuse with the adradial canals.

Diagnosis of U. undulata following Kramp (1961)
With 8 rhopalia, 40 tentacles, 48 lappets; the 8 perradial and interradial canals branched, the 8 adradial canals simple and a ring canal. 120 mm wide, 40 mm high; a brown 16-rayed, star-like figure on exumbrella. 

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson''</text>
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      <id>1036</id>
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      <timestamp>2010-06-03T04:34:13Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2352">
== ''Discomedusa lobata'' ==


'''Characteristics of the species (from Pagès et al. 1992)''' 

With usually 8 and occasionally 9 rhopalia; between 8 and 40 tentacles, the number generally increasing with bell diameter; between 32 and 48 lappets, the number generally increasing with bell diameter; the 8 perradial and interradial canals branched and usually anastomosing with the 8 simple adradial canals. Up to approximately 150 mm wide, disc-shaped. 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

'''Meristics and morphometric features''' 

Pagès et al. (1992) reported the bell diameters and the numbers of lappets, tentacles, and rhopalia for each of 14 medusae sampled in the Benguela Current during 1981-1982 (see Fig.). They noted that no medusae fitted completely the diagnosis of Kramp (1961) while some features were characteristic of Undosa undulata Haeckel 1880. On the basis of these measurements and those made previously by Thiel (1966), Pagès et al. (1992) concluded that U. undulata was a junior synonym of D. lobata. 

&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:D lobata.jpg|left|Discomedusa lobata]]

'''Notes'''

Pagès et al. (1992) noted that no medusae they measured fitted completely the diagnosis of Kramp (1961; see below). They also noted that some features were characteristic of Undosa undulata Haeckel 1880 (see below). On the basis of their measurements and those made previously by Thiel (1966) on medusae 40-100 mm from the Gulf of Guinea, Pagès et al. (1992) concluded that U. undulata is a junior synonym of D. lobata. The &quot;characteristics of the species&quot; given above therefore reflect the range of measurements made for features clearly reported for both species.

Diagnosis of D. lobata following Kramp (1961)
With 8 rhopalia, 24 tentacles, 32 lappets; the 8 perradial and interradial canals branched, the 8 adradial canals simple. 150 mm wide, disc-shaped, the 16 rhopalar lappets are as wide as, but somewhat longer than, the 16 tentacular lappets, without centrifugal canals; the terminal ramifications of the perradial and interradial canals fuse with the adradial canals.

Diagnosis of U. undulata following Kramp (1961)
With 8 rhopalia, 40 tentacles, 48 lappets; the 8 perradial and interradial canals branched, the 8 adradial canals simple and a ring canal. 120 mm wide, 40 mm high; a brown 16-rayed, star-like figure on exumbrella. 

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson''</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1037</id>
      <parentid>1036</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T04:35:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2368">== ''Discomedusa lobata'' Claus 1877 * ==


'''Characteristics of the species (from Pagès et al. 1992)''' 

With usually 8 and occasionally 9 rhopalia; between 8 and 40 tentacles, the number generally increasing with bell diameter; between 32 and 48 lappets, the number generally increasing with bell diameter; the 8 perradial and interradial canals branched and usually anastomosing with the 8 simple adradial canals. Up to approximately 150 mm wide, disc-shaped. 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

'''Meristics and morphometric features''' 

Pagès et al. (1992) reported the bell diameters and the numbers of lappets, tentacles, and rhopalia for each of 14 medusae sampled in the Benguela Current during 1981-1982 (see Fig.). They noted that no medusae fitted completely the diagnosis of Kramp (1961) while some features were characteristic of Undosa undulata Haeckel 1880. On the basis of these measurements and those made previously by Thiel (1966), Pagès et al. (1992) concluded that U. undulata was a junior synonym of D. lobata. 

&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:D lobata.jpg|left|''Discomedusa lobata'']]

'''Notes'''

Pagès et al. (1992) noted that no medusae they measured fitted completely the diagnosis of Kramp (1961; see below). They also noted that some features were characteristic of Undosa undulata Haeckel 1880 (see below). On the basis of their measurements and those made previously by Thiel (1966) on medusae 40-100 mm from the Gulf of Guinea, Pagès et al. (1992) concluded that U. undulata is a junior synonym of D. lobata. The &quot;characteristics of the species&quot; given above therefore reflect the range of measurements made for features clearly reported for both species.

Diagnosis of D. lobata following Kramp (1961)
With 8 rhopalia, 24 tentacles, 32 lappets; the 8 perradial and interradial canals branched, the 8 adradial canals simple. 150 mm wide, disc-shaped, the 16 rhopalar lappets are as wide as, but somewhat longer than, the 16 tentacular lappets, without centrifugal canals; the terminal ramifications of the perradial and interradial canals fuse with the adradial canals.

Diagnosis of U. undulata following Kramp (1961)
With 8 rhopalia, 40 tentacles, 48 lappets; the 8 perradial and interradial canals branched, the 8 adradial canals simple and a ring canal. 120 mm wide, 40 mm high; a brown 16-rayed, star-like figure on exumbrella. 

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson''</text>
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      <id>1151</id>
      <parentid>1037</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:15:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2392">== ''Discomedusa lobata'' Claus 1877 * ==


'''Characteristics of the species (from Pagès et al. 1992)''' 

With usually 8 and occasionally 9 rhopalia; between 8 and 40 tentacles, the number generally increasing with bell diameter; between 32 and 48 lappets, the number generally increasing with bell diameter; the 8 perradial and interradial canals branched and usually anastomosing with the 8 simple adradial canals. Up to approximately 150 mm wide, disc-shaped. 

&lt;br&gt; 

----

'''Meristics and morphometric features''' 

Pagès et al. (1992) reported the bell diameters and the numbers of lappets, tentacles, and rhopalia for each of 14 medusae sampled in the Benguela Current during 1981-1982 (see Fig.). They noted that no medusae fitted completely the diagnosis of Kramp (1961) while some features were characteristic of Undosa undulata Haeckel 1880. On the basis of these measurements and those made previously by Thiel (1966), Pagès et al. (1992) concluded that U. undulata was a junior synonym of D. lobata. 

&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:D lobata.jpg|left|''Discomedusa lobata'']]

'''Notes'''

Pagès et al. (1992) noted that no medusae they measured fitted completely the diagnosis of Kramp (1961; see below). They also noted that some features were characteristic of Undosa undulata Haeckel 1880 (see below). On the basis of their measurements and those made previously by Thiel (1966) on medusae 40-100 mm from the Gulf of Guinea, Pagès et al. (1992) concluded that U. undulata is a junior synonym of D. lobata. The &quot;characteristics of the species&quot; given above therefore reflect the range of measurements made for features clearly reported for both species.

Diagnosis of D. lobata following Kramp (1961)
With 8 rhopalia, 24 tentacles, 32 lappets; the 8 perradial and interradial canals branched, the 8 adradial canals simple. 150 mm wide, disc-shaped, the 16 rhopalar lappets are as wide as, but somewhat longer than, the 16 tentacular lappets, without centrifugal canals; the terminal ramifications of the perradial and interradial canals fuse with the adradial canals.

Diagnosis of U. undulata following Kramp (1961)
With 8 rhopalia, 40 tentacles, 48 lappets; the 8 perradial and interradial canals branched, the 8 adradial canals simple and a ring canal. 120 mm wide, 40 mm high; a brown 16-rayed, star-like figure on exumbrella. 

''Prepared by M. N. Dawson''

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
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    <title>Drymonematidae</title>
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      <comment>New page: ''Diagnosis.''  Semaeostome with eight rhopalia in deep niches of the subumbrella away from the bell margin; tentacles within an annular zone of the subumbrella delimited proximally by the...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="400">''Diagnosis.''  Semaeostome with eight rhopalia in deep niches of the subumbrella away from the bell margin; tentacles within an annular zone of the subumbrella delimited proximally by the manubrium and distally by the radius to the rhopalia; gastrovascular cavity consists of radial pockets, separated by gastric mesenteries, which bifurcate numerous times toward the bell margin; ring canal absent.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="447">'''Characteristics of the family (from Bayha &amp; Dawson 2010)'''
Semaeostome with eight rhopalia in deep niches of the subumbrella away from the bell margin; tentacles within an annular zone of the subumbrella delimited proximally by the manubrium and distally by the radius to the rhopalia; gastrovascular cavity consists of radial pockets, separated by gastric mesenteries, which bifurcate numerous times toward the bell margin; ring canal absent.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="451">'''Characteristics of the family (from Bayha &amp; Dawson 2010)'''&lt;br&gt;
Semaeostome with eight rhopalia in deep niches of the subumbrella away from the bell margin; tentacles within an annular zone of the subumbrella delimited proximally by the manubrium and distally by the radius to the rhopalia; gastrovascular cavity consists of radial pockets, separated by gastric mesenteries, which bifurcate numerous times toward the bell margin; ring canal absent.</text>
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      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="475">'''Characteristics of the family (from Bayha &amp; Dawson 2010)'''&lt;br&gt;
Semaeostome with eight rhopalia in deep niches of the subumbrella away from the bell margin; tentacles within an annular zone of the subumbrella delimited proximally by the manubrium and distally by the radius to the rhopalia; gastrovascular cavity consists of radial pockets, separated by gastric mesenteries, which bifurcate numerous times toward the bell margin; ring canal absent.

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
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    <title>Ecology</title>
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      <comment>New page: &quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot;  M...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1807">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot;

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

== Life Cycle&lt;br&gt; ==

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt;



&lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <comment>http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/w/index.php?title=Ecology&amp;action=edit</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5110">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]]  ==

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt; ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more.

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt;

== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt; ==

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):&lt;br&gt;  ====

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5118">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle==
[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]]

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 

== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):&lt;br&gt;  ====

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6554">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle ==

[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]] 

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 

== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):[[Image:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg|frame|left|Mastigias papua]]&lt;br&gt;  ====

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

==== Commensalism (beneficial-no effect):&lt;br&gt; ====

Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other. A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish. The juvenile fish swim around the jellyfish, presumably gaining something of a safe haven from potential predators. It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish. &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

==== Parasitism (beneficial-detrimental):&lt;br&gt; ====

Parasitisms are symbioses in which one organism benefits at the other's expense. Examples include jellyfish that are parasitized by amphipods, such as Hydrozoa (right) and others parasitized by gooseneck barnacles. Gooseneck barnacles in the genus Alepas Rang 1829 appear to be exclusively epizooic on scyphozoans, including Diplulmaris malayensis and Cyanea sp. (below). The association is considered ectoparasitic because deep clefts in the umbrella are caused at the point of attachment (Pagès 2000) and may involve other species of gooseneck barnacle (in the genera Conchoderma, Dosima) and scyphomedusae (Cephea cephea, Cyanea nozakii, Pelagia noctiluca, Phacellophora camtchatica, Rhopilema sp.). The association in the photograph below probably has been reported previously by Tubb (1946). &lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6706">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle  ==

[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]] 

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 

=== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ===

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):[[Image:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg|frame|left|Mastigias papua]]&lt;br&gt;  ====

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Commensalism (beneficial-no effect):&lt;br&gt;  ====

Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other. A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish. The juvenile fish swim around the jellyfish, presumably gaining something of a safe haven from potential predators. It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Parasitism (beneficial-detrimental):[[Image:CuninaAmphi_KAR.jpg|frame|right|Hyperia amphipod on the hydrozoan Cunina. ]]&lt;br&gt;  ====

Parasitisms are symbioses in which one organism benefits at the other's expense. Examples include jellyfish that are parasitized by amphipods, such as Hydrozoa (right) and others parasitized by gooseneck barnacles. Gooseneck barnacles in the genus Alepas Rang 1829 appear to be exclusively epizooic on scyphozoans, including Diplulmaris malayensis and Cyanea sp. (below). The association is considered ectoparasitic because deep clefts in the umbrella are caused at the point of attachment (Pagès 2000) and may involve other species of gooseneck barnacle (in the genera Conchoderma, Dosima) and scyphomedusae (Cephea cephea, Cyanea nozakii, Pelagia noctiluca, Phacellophora camtchatica, Rhopilema sp.). The association in the photograph below probably has been reported previously by Tubb (1946). &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:cyan|frame|left|Gooseneck barnacle on Cyanea. ]]</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>701</id>
      <parentid>700</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T08:52:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6726">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle  ==

[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]] 

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 



=== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ===

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):[[Image:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg|frame|left|Mastigias papua]]&lt;br&gt;  ====

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Commensalism (beneficial-no effect):&lt;br&gt;  ====

Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other. A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish. The juvenile fish swim around the jellyfish, presumably gaining something of a safe haven from potential predators. It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Parasitism (beneficial-detrimental):[[Image:CuninaAmphi KAR.jpg|frame|right|Hyperia amphipod on the hydrozoan Cunina.]]&lt;br&gt;  ====

Parasitisms are symbioses in which one organism benefits at the other's expense. Examples include jellyfish that are parasitized by amphipods, such as Hydrozoa (right) and others parasitized by gooseneck barnacles. Gooseneck barnacles in the genus Alepas Rang 1829 appear to be exclusively epizooic on scyphozoans, including Diplulmaris malayensis and Cyanea sp. (below). The association is considered ectoparasitic because deep clefts in the umbrella are caused at the point of attachment (Pagès 2000) and may involve other species of gooseneck barnacle (in the genera Conchoderma, Dosima) and scyphomedusae (Cephea cephea, Cyanea nozakii, Pelagia noctiluca, Phacellophora camtchatica, Rhopilema sp.). The association in the photograph below probably has been reported previously by Tubb (1946). &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:CyaneaGooseneck.JPG|frame|left|Gooseneck barnacle on Cyanea. ]]&lt;br&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>703</id>
      <parentid>701</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T08:55:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6816">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle  ==

[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]] 

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ===

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):[[Image:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg|frame|left|Mastigias papua]]&lt;br&gt;  ====

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organi

==== [[Image:CatostylusSymbiosis.jpg|frame|right|Juvenile fish with Catostylus mosaicus]] ====

cs. &lt;br&gt; 



==== Commensalism (beneficial-no effect):&lt;br&gt;  ====

Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other. A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish. The juvenile fish swim around the jellyfish, presumably gaining something of a safe haven from potential predators. It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Parasitism (beneficial-detrimental):[[Image:CuninaAmphi KAR.jpg|frame|right|Hyperia amphipod on the hydrozoan Cunina.]]&lt;br&gt;  ====

Parasitisms are symbioses in which one organism benefits at the other's expense. Examples include jellyfish that are parasitized by amphipods, such as Hydrozoa (right) and others parasitized by gooseneck barnacles. Gooseneck barnacles in the genus Alepas Rang 1829 appear to be exclusively epizooic on scyphozoans, including Diplulmaris malayensis and Cyanea sp. (below). The association is considered ectoparasitic because deep clefts in the umbrella are caused at the point of attachment (Pagès 2000) and may involve other species of gooseneck barnacle (in the genera Conchoderma, Dosima) and scyphomedusae (Cephea cephea, Cyanea nozakii, Pelagia noctiluca, Phacellophora camtchatica, Rhopilema sp.). The association in the photograph below probably has been reported previously by Tubb (1946). &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:CyaneaGooseneck.JPG|frame|left|Gooseneck barnacle on Cyanea.]]&lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>704</id>
      <parentid>703</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T08:56:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6809">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle  ==

[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]] 

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ===

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):[[Image:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg|frame|left|Mastigias papua]]&lt;br&gt;  ====

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 



==== Commensalism (beneficial-no effect):[[Image:CatostylusSymbiosis.jpg|frame|right|Juvenile fish with Catostylus mosaicus]]&lt;br&gt;  ====

Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other. A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish. The juvenile fish swim around the jellyfish, presumably gaining something of a safe haven from potential predators. It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Parasitism (beneficial-detrimental):[[Image:CuninaAmphi KAR.jpg|frame|right|Hyperia amphipod on the hydrozoan Cunina.]]&lt;br&gt;  ====

Parasitisms are symbioses in which one organism benefits at the other's expense. Examples include jellyfish that are parasitized by amphipods, such as Hydrozoa (right) and others parasitized by gooseneck barnacles. Gooseneck barnacles in the genus Alepas Rang 1829 appear to be exclusively epizooic on scyphozoans, including Diplulmaris malayensis and Cyanea sp. (below). The association is considered ectoparasitic because deep clefts in the umbrella are caused at the point of attachment (Pagès 2000) and may involve other species of gooseneck barnacle (in the genera Conchoderma, Dosima) and scyphomedusae (Cephea cephea, Cyanea nozakii, Pelagia noctiluca, Phacellophora camtchatica, Rhopilema sp.). The association in the photograph below probably has been reported previously by Tubb (1946). &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:CyaneaGooseneck.JPG|frame|left|Gooseneck barnacle on Cyanea.]]&lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>705</id>
      <parentid>704</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T08:57:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6818">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle  ==

[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]] 

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ===

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):[[Image:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg|frame|left|Mastigias papua]]&lt;br&gt;  ====

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 





==== Commensalism (beneficial-no effect):[[Image:CatostylusSymbiosis.jpg|frame|right|Juvenile fish with Catostylus mosaicus]]&lt;br&gt;  ====

Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other. A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish. The juvenile fish swim around the jellyfish, presumably gaining something of a safe haven from potential predators. It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Parasitism (beneficial-detrimental):[[Image:CuninaAmphi KAR.jpg|frame|right|Hyperia amphipod on the hydrozoan Cunina.]]&lt;br&gt;  ====

Parasitisms are symbioses in which one organism benefits at the other's expense. Examples include jellyfish that are parasitized by amphipods, such as Hydrozoa (right) and others parasitized by gooseneck barnacles. Gooseneck barnacles in the genus Alepas Rang 1829 appear to be exclusively epizooic on scyphozoans, including Diplulmaris malayensis and Cyanea sp. (below). The association is considered ectoparasitic because deep clefts in the umbrella are caused at the point of attachment (Pagès 2000) and may involve other species of gooseneck barnacle (in the genera Conchoderma, Dosima) and scyphomedusae (Cephea cephea, Cyanea nozakii, Pelagia noctiluca, Phacellophora camtchatica, Rhopilema sp.). The association in the photograph below probably has been reported previously by Tubb (1946). &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:CyaneaGooseneck.JPG|frame|left|Gooseneck barnacle on Cyanea.]]&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>706</id>
      <parentid>705</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T08:58:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6833">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle  ==

[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]] 

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ===

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):[[Image:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg|frame|left|Mastigias papua]]&lt;br&gt;  ====

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 





==== Commensalism (beneficial-no effect):&lt;br&gt; ====

==== [[Image:CatostylusSymbiosis.jpg|frame|right|Juvenile fish with Catostylus mosaicus]] ====

====  ====

Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other. A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish. The juvenile fish swim around the jellyfish, presumably gaining something of a safe haven from potential predators. It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish. &lt;br&gt;

==== Parasitism (beneficial-detrimental):[[Image:CuninaAmphi KAR.jpg|frame|right|Hyperia amphipod on the hydrozoan Cunina.]]&lt;br&gt;  ====

Parasitisms are symbioses in which one organism benefits at the other's expense. Examples include jellyfish that are parasitized by amphipods, such as Hydrozoa (right) and others parasitized by gooseneck barnacles. Gooseneck barnacles in the genus Alepas Rang 1829 appear to be exclusively epizooic on scyphozoans, including Diplulmaris malayensis and Cyanea sp. (below). The association is considered ectoparasitic because deep clefts in the umbrella are caused at the point of attachment (Pagès 2000) and may involve other species of gooseneck barnacle (in the genera Conchoderma, Dosima) and scyphomedusae (Cephea cephea, Cyanea nozakii, Pelagia noctiluca, Phacellophora camtchatica, Rhopilema sp.). The association in the photograph below probably has been reported previously by Tubb (1946). &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:CyaneaGooseneck.JPG|frame|left|Gooseneck barnacle on Cyanea.]]&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>707</id>
      <parentid>706</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T09:17:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="15371">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle  ==

[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]] 

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ===

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):[[Image:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg|frame|left|Mastigias papua]]&lt;br&gt;  ====

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== [[Image:CatostylusSymbiosis.jpg|frame|left|Juvenile fish with Catostylus mosaicus]]Commensalism (beneficial-no effect):&lt;br&gt; ====

Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other. A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish. The juvenile fish swim around the jellyfish, presumably gaining something of a safe haven from potential predators. It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish. &lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt; ====

==== &lt;br&gt; ====

==== &lt;br&gt; ====

==== Parasitism (beneficial-detrimental):[[Image:CuninaAmphi KAR.jpg|frame|right|Hyperia amphipod on the hydrozoan Cunina.]]&lt;br&gt;  ====

Parasitisms are symbioses in which one organism benefits at the other's expense. Examples include jellyfish that are parasitized by amphipods, such as Hydrozoa (right) and others parasitized by gooseneck barnacles. Gooseneck barnacles in the genus Alepas Rang 1829 appear to be exclusively epizooic on scyphozoans, including Diplulmaris malayensis and Cyanea sp. (below). The association is considered ectoparasitic because deep clefts in the umbrella are caused at the point of attachment (Pagès 2000) and may involve other species of gooseneck barnacle (in the genera Conchoderma, Dosima) and scyphomedusae (Cephea cephea, Cyanea nozakii, Pelagia noctiluca, Phacellophora camtchatica, Rhopilema sp.). The association in the photograph below probably has been reported previously by Tubb (1946). &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:CyaneaGooseneck.JPG|frame|left|Gooseneck barnacle on Cyanea.]]&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

== Coastal Management&lt;br&gt; ==

==== Blooms&lt;br&gt; ====

The term jellyfish bloom is generally applied to rapid increases in the number of jellyfish leading to dense, often locally or regionally delimited, abundances of jellyfish. &quot;True blooms&quot; occur when populations increase rapidly in size in situ, and it is useful to distinguish such occurrences from &quot;apparent blooms&quot; which result from a redistribution or redispersion of a numerically stable population (Graham et al. 2001). The public profile of jellyfish blooms has increased in recent years, probably reflecting a real global increase in occurrence or severity, although local effects may be quite the opposite (Mills 2001). The factors that contribute to the formation of blooms are probably many and complex. Their consequences can be serious. Follow the links below for case-specific information. &lt;br&gt;

==== Introduced Species&lt;br&gt; ====



Species introductions pose a major threat to biodiversity (Lee 2002). Jellyfish, like other coastal marine species, can be accidentally introduced as organisms growing on ship hulls or in ballast water, or released unintentionally (or intentionally) as a result of the aquarium trade and aquaculture (Holland 2000; Grosholz 2002). The scale of species introductions is bewildering. For example, the USA receives between 20 million and 80 million tonnes of ballast water per year that is laced with an average of one billion bacteria per litre from foreign ports (Ruiz et al. 2000; ANS). The numbers are smaller for larger organisms, and only a subset become established, but the numbers are still impressive. At least 287 introduced, or 'exotic', marine species have become established in Hawai'i (Eldredge &amp;amp; Carlton 2002), between 212-335 in San Francisco Bay (USGS), and 120 in the Chesapeake Bay (ANS). Moreover, their effect is disproportionately large. Over 15% of exotic species cause serious harm, exotic species negatively impact at least 42% of endangered species, and the cost associated with major exotic species in the USA alone is on the order of US$100 billion per year (Lee 2002; ANS).



Causative links between introduced species of jellyfish (scyphozoans, hydrozoans, ctenophores), increases in the occurrence or severity of jellyfish blooms, and decreases in the abundance of endemic gelatinous zooplankton can still be somewhat obscure (Mills 2001). This may be due in part to the existence of 'cryptogenic' species, i.e. species whose endemic or exotic status is unclear (Carlton 1996; Mills 2001) and in part to difficulties in ascribing causal relationships when other influences such as eutrophication are also important (Mills 2001). However, several candidates are likely to be nuisance exotic scyphozoans. For example, Rhopilema nomadica was first recorded in the eastern Mediterranean in 1976, and has since become abundant off Israel each summer; it is hazardous to bathers and fishermen due to its sting and may also clog fishing nets. Presumably exotic Aurelia sp. have clogged seawater intakes and shut-down power plants in Australia, the Baltic region, India, Korea, Philippines, and Saudi Arabia (Mills 2001). Such blooms may be facilitated by small ecological advantages conferred on the exotics by 'genotype x environment' interactions (Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001). Other exotic scyphomedusae that have had negative impacts in recent years include Phyllorhiza punctata, in the Mediterranean and Gulf of Mexico, and Cassiopea spp., in the Mediterranean and Hawai'i (Devaney &amp;amp; Eldredge 1977; Mills 2001; Graham et al. 2003; Holland et al. unpubl.).

&lt;br&gt;Prepared by ''M.N Dawson''.&lt;br&gt;

== Fisheries&lt;br&gt; ==

Dried jellyfish is considered to be a delicacy in many Asian countries. Jellyfish are also purported to have beneficial medicinal properties and are traditionally used to treat ailments such as arthritis, hypertension and back pain (Hsieh et al. 2001). Jellyfish have been harvested off the coast of China for more than 1700 years (Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001) but since the 1970s the catch has been increasing, almost exponentially, and in recent years the annual world harvest has exceeded 500,000 tonnes (Fig. 1). Although traditionally confined to Asian waters, small quantities of jellyfish are also harvested by Australia, USA, UK, Namibia, Turkey and Canada (Fig. 2).&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

==== Which species are harvested? &lt;br&gt; ====

Only jellyfish belonging to the Order Rhizostomeae are harvested for food. The rhizostomes are favoured because they are typically larger and have more rigid bodies than other scyphozoan orders. When processed, the rhizostomes produce a product that has the desirable, almost crunchy texture. Some species considered to be edible are:

Cepheidae&lt;br&gt;

*Cephea cephea

Catostylidae&lt;br&gt;

*Catostylus mosaicus&lt;br&gt;
*Crambione mastigophora&lt;br&gt;
*Crambionella orsini&lt;br&gt;

Lobonematidae&lt;br&gt;

*Lobonema smithi&lt;br&gt;
*Lobonemoides gracilis&lt;br&gt;

Rhizostomatidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Rhopilema esculentum
*Rhopilema hispidum
*Rhizostoma pulmo

Stomolophidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Stomolophus meleagris
*Stomolophus nomurai

(Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001)&lt;br&gt;

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish caught?&lt;br&gt; ====

Jellyfish frequently occur in dense aggregations or blooms and this makes them relatively easy to harvest. Jellyfish are caught using a variety of netting techniques including dip-nets, seines and trawls (Omori 1981, Kingsford et al. 2000). In the USA, Stomolophus meleagris has been harvested using pair trawlers, shrimp trawlers, purse-seiners and &quot;tunnel&quot; boats (Rudloe 1997). Due to concerns about by-catch (i.e. catching undersize animals or other non-target species), harvesting of Catostylus mosaicus in Australia is largely limited to dip-netting since this enables fishers to selectively target large medusae and minimises incidental collection of non-target species (Kingsford et al. 2000).&lt;br&gt;

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish processed?&lt;br&gt; ====

Jellyfish need to be processed within a few hours of being harvest since they spoil quickly. Jellyfish are dried using a combination of alum and salt. Drying is a step-wise process that can take between 20 and 40 days to complete (Hsieh et al. 2001). Live jellyfish consist mainly of water and the jellyfish loses approximately 90% of its weight during the drying process. Both the bell and the oral arms are utilised.&lt;br&gt;

==== &lt;br&gt;Preparation of jellyfish&lt;br&gt; ====

Jellyfish is most commonly eaten as a type of salad. The dried jellyfish is desalted and rehydrated by soaking it in water for several hours or overnight (Hsieh et al. 2001). It is then shredded or sliced into strips, mixed with various sauces, vegetables, meats (e.g. chicken) or other seafood and served cold.&lt;br&gt;

==== &lt;br&gt;Potential ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish&lt;br&gt; ====

Medusae are important members of the pelagic community (Fig. 3). They are voracious predators of plankton (Purcell 1992) and they, themselves, are preyed on by fish (Ates 1988), turtles and birds (Ates 1991). Species that contain symbiotic zooxanthellae are known to actively take up inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen from seawater (Muscatine &amp;amp; Marian 1982) and such species may have a role in regulating nutrient dynamics of coastal systems. Jellyfish also provide habitat for many species of juvenile fish and some crustaceans (Kingsford 1993). Removal of large quantities of jellyfish via commercial harvesting may have negative impacts on the wider ecosystem. Much more research on the ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish is required.

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Management of jellyfish fisheries ===

Jellyfish are relatively short-lived (often less than a year), grow very rapidly (up to several mm per day [Kikinger 1992]) and consequently abundances of jellyfish can vary dramatically over periods of weeks to months (Pitt &amp;amp; Kingsford 2000). Although jellyfish may occur at predictable times of the year in some places (Brewer 1989), in other locations it is difficult to predict when jellyfish will appear. Many finfish fisheries are managed on a quota system, where a fixed quantity of the target species is harvested. This usually requires a basic knowledge of the abundance of the target species. Since abundances of jellyfish fluctuate greatly over time and the appearance of jellyfish is often unpredictable, alternative management strategies may be required. Examples of some of the information required to effectively manage jellyfish fisheries are:&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;Prepared by ''Kylie Pitt''.&lt;br&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>708</id>
      <parentid>707</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T09:21:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="15394">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle  ==

[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]] 

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ===

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):====
[[Image:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg|frame|left|Mastigias papua]]&lt;br&gt;

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

====Commensalism (beneficial-no effect):====

[[Image:CatostylusSymbiosis.jpg|frame|left|Juvenile fish with Catostylus mosaicus]]&lt;br&gt;

Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other. A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish. The juvenile fish swim around the jellyfish, presumably gaining something of a safe haven from potential predators. It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish. &lt;br&gt; 

 &lt;br&gt;  

&lt;br&gt;  

&lt;br&gt;  

==== Parasitism (beneficial-detrimental):====
[[Image:CuninaAmphi KAR.jpg|frame|right|Hyperia amphipod on the hydrozoan Cunina.]]&lt;br&gt;  

Parasitisms are symbioses in which one organism benefits at the other's expense. Examples include jellyfish that are parasitized by amphipods, such as Hydrozoa (right) and others parasitized by gooseneck barnacles. Gooseneck barnacles in the genus Alepas Rang 1829 appear to be exclusively epizooic on scyphozoans, including Diplulmaris malayensis and Cyanea sp. (below). The association is considered ectoparasitic because deep clefts in the umbrella are caused at the point of attachment (Pagès 2000) and may involve other species of gooseneck barnacle (in the genera Conchoderma, Dosima) and scyphomedusae (Cephea cephea, Cyanea nozakii, Pelagia noctiluca, Phacellophora camtchatica, Rhopilema sp.). The association in the photograph below probably has been reported previously by Tubb (1946). &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:CyaneaGooseneck.JPG|frame|left|Gooseneck barnacle on Cyanea.]]&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Coastal Management&lt;br&gt;  ==

==== Blooms&lt;br&gt;  ====

The term jellyfish bloom is generally applied to rapid increases in the number of jellyfish leading to dense, often locally or regionally delimited, abundances of jellyfish. &quot;True blooms&quot; occur when populations increase rapidly in size in situ, and it is useful to distinguish such occurrences from &quot;apparent blooms&quot; which result from a redistribution or redispersion of a numerically stable population (Graham et al. 2001). The public profile of jellyfish blooms has increased in recent years, probably reflecting a real global increase in occurrence or severity, although local effects may be quite the opposite (Mills 2001). The factors that contribute to the formation of blooms are probably many and complex. Their consequences can be serious. Follow the links below for case-specific information. &lt;br&gt; 

==== Introduced Species&lt;br&gt;  ====

Species introductions pose a major threat to biodiversity (Lee 2002). Jellyfish, like other coastal marine species, can be accidentally introduced as organisms growing on ship hulls or in ballast water, or released unintentionally (or intentionally) as a result of the aquarium trade and aquaculture (Holland 2000; Grosholz 2002). The scale of species introductions is bewildering. For example, the USA receives between 20 million and 80 million tonnes of ballast water per year that is laced with an average of one billion bacteria per litre from foreign ports (Ruiz et al. 2000; ANS). The numbers are smaller for larger organisms, and only a subset become established, but the numbers are still impressive. At least 287 introduced, or 'exotic', marine species have become established in Hawai'i (Eldredge &amp;amp; Carlton 2002), between 212-335 in San Francisco Bay (USGS), and 120 in the Chesapeake Bay (ANS). Moreover, their effect is disproportionately large. Over 15% of exotic species cause serious harm, exotic species negatively impact at least 42% of endangered species, and the cost associated with major exotic species in the USA alone is on the order of US$100 billion per year (Lee 2002; ANS). 

&lt;br&gt; 

Causative links between introduced species of jellyfish (scyphozoans, hydrozoans, ctenophores), increases in the occurrence or severity of jellyfish blooms, and decreases in the abundance of endemic gelatinous zooplankton can still be somewhat obscure (Mills 2001). This may be due in part to the existence of 'cryptogenic' species, i.e. species whose endemic or exotic status is unclear (Carlton 1996; Mills 2001) and in part to difficulties in ascribing causal relationships when other influences such as eutrophication are also important (Mills 2001). However, several candidates are likely to be nuisance exotic scyphozoans. For example, Rhopilema nomadica was first recorded in the eastern Mediterranean in 1976, and has since become abundant off Israel each summer; it is hazardous to bathers and fishermen due to its sting and may also clog fishing nets. Presumably exotic Aurelia sp. have clogged seawater intakes and shut-down power plants in Australia, the Baltic region, India, Korea, Philippines, and Saudi Arabia (Mills 2001). Such blooms may be facilitated by small ecological advantages conferred on the exotics by 'genotype x environment' interactions (Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001). Other exotic scyphomedusae that have had negative impacts in recent years include Phyllorhiza punctata, in the Mediterranean and Gulf of Mexico, and Cassiopea spp., in the Mediterranean and Hawai'i (Devaney &amp;amp; Eldredge 1977; Mills 2001; Graham et al. 2003; Holland et al. unpubl.). 

&lt;br&gt;Prepared by ''M.N Dawson''.&lt;br&gt; 

== Fisheries&lt;br&gt;  ==

Dried jellyfish is considered to be a delicacy in many Asian countries. Jellyfish are also purported to have beneficial medicinal properties and are traditionally used to treat ailments such as arthritis, hypertension and back pain (Hsieh et al. 2001). Jellyfish have been harvested off the coast of China for more than 1700 years (Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001) but since the 1970s the catch has been increasing, almost exponentially, and in recent years the annual world harvest has exceeded 500,000 tonnes (Fig. 1). Although traditionally confined to Asian waters, small quantities of jellyfish are also harvested by Australia, USA, UK, Namibia, Turkey and Canada (Fig. 2).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Which species are harvested? &lt;br&gt;  ====

Only jellyfish belonging to the Order Rhizostomeae are harvested for food. The rhizostomes are favoured because they are typically larger and have more rigid bodies than other scyphozoan orders. When processed, the rhizostomes produce a product that has the desirable, almost crunchy texture. Some species considered to be edible are: 

Cepheidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Cephea cephea

Catostylidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Catostylus mosaicus&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambione mastigophora&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambionella orsini&lt;br&gt;

Lobonematidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Lobonema smithi&lt;br&gt; 
*Lobonemoides gracilis&lt;br&gt;

Rhizostomatidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Rhopilema esculentum 
*Rhopilema hispidum 
*Rhizostoma pulmo

Stomolophidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Stomolophus meleagris 
*Stomolophus nomurai

(Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001)&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish caught?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish frequently occur in dense aggregations or blooms and this makes them relatively easy to harvest. Jellyfish are caught using a variety of netting techniques including dip-nets, seines and trawls (Omori 1981, Kingsford et al. 2000). In the USA, Stomolophus meleagris has been harvested using pair trawlers, shrimp trawlers, purse-seiners and &quot;tunnel&quot; boats (Rudloe 1997). Due to concerns about by-catch (i.e. catching undersize animals or other non-target species), harvesting of Catostylus mosaicus in Australia is largely limited to dip-netting since this enables fishers to selectively target large medusae and minimises incidental collection of non-target species (Kingsford et al. 2000).&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish processed?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish need to be processed within a few hours of being harvest since they spoil quickly. Jellyfish are dried using a combination of alum and salt. Drying is a step-wise process that can take between 20 and 40 days to complete (Hsieh et al. 2001). Live jellyfish consist mainly of water and the jellyfish loses approximately 90% of its weight during the drying process. Both the bell and the oral arms are utilised.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Preparation of jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish is most commonly eaten as a type of salad. The dried jellyfish is desalted and rehydrated by soaking it in water for several hours or overnight (Hsieh et al. 2001). It is then shredded or sliced into strips, mixed with various sauces, vegetables, meats (e.g. chicken) or other seafood and served cold.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Potential ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Medusae are important members of the pelagic community (Fig. 3). They are voracious predators of plankton (Purcell 1992) and they, themselves, are preyed on by fish (Ates 1988), turtles and birds (Ates 1991). Species that contain symbiotic zooxanthellae are known to actively take up inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen from seawater (Muscatine &amp;amp; Marian 1982) and such species may have a role in regulating nutrient dynamics of coastal systems. Jellyfish also provide habitat for many species of juvenile fish and some crustaceans (Kingsford 1993). Removal of large quantities of jellyfish via commercial harvesting may have negative impacts on the wider ecosystem. Much more research on the ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish is required. 

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Management of jellyfish fisheries  ===

Jellyfish are relatively short-lived (often less than a year), grow very rapidly (up to several mm per day [Kikinger 1992]) and consequently abundances of jellyfish can vary dramatically over periods of weeks to months (Pitt &amp;amp; Kingsford 2000). Although jellyfish may occur at predictable times of the year in some places (Brewer 1989), in other locations it is difficult to predict when jellyfish will appear. Many finfish fisheries are managed on a quota system, where a fixed quantity of the target species is harvested. This usually requires a basic knowledge of the abundance of the target species. Since abundances of jellyfish fluctuate greatly over time and the appearance of jellyfish is often unpredictable, alternative management strategies may be required. Examples of some of the information required to effectively manage jellyfish fisheries are:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Prepared by ''Kylie Pitt''.&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>709</id>
      <parentid>708</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T09:27:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="15603">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle  ==

[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]] 

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ===

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial): ====

[[Image:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg|frame|left|Mastigias papua]]&lt;br&gt; 

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Commensalism (beneficial-no effect): ====

[[Image:CatostylusSymbiosis.jpg|frame|left|Juvenile fish with Catostylus mosaicus]]&lt;br&gt; 

Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other. A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish. The juvenile fish swim around the jellyfish, presumably gaining something of a safe haven from potential predators. It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish. &lt;br&gt;



&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Parasitism (beneficial-detrimental): ====

[[Image:CuninaAmphi KAR.jpg|frame|right|Hyperia amphipod on the hydrozoan Cunina.]]&lt;br&gt; 

Parasitisms are symbioses in which one organism benefits at the other's expense. Examples include jellyfish that are parasitized by amphipods, such as Hydrozoa (right) and others parasitized by gooseneck barnacles. Gooseneck barnacles in the genus Alepas Rang 1829 appear to be exclusively epizooic on scyphozoans, including Diplulmaris malayensis and Cyanea sp. (below). The association is considered ectoparasitic because deep clefts in the umbrella are caused at the point of attachment (Pagès 2000) and may involve other species of gooseneck barnacle (in the genera Conchoderma, Dosima) and scyphomedusae (Cephea cephea, Cyanea nozakii, Pelagia noctiluca, Phacellophora camtchatica, Rhopilema sp.). The association in the photograph below probably has been reported previously by Tubb (1946). &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:CyaneaGooseneck.JPG|frame|left|Gooseneck barnacle on Cyanea.]]&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 



&lt;br&gt; 

== Coastal Management&lt;br&gt;  ==

==== Blooms&lt;br&gt;  ====

The term jellyfish bloom is generally applied to rapid increases in the number of jellyfish leading to dense, often locally or regionally delimited, abundances of jellyfish. &quot;True blooms&quot; occur when populations increase rapidly in size in situ, and it is useful to distinguish such occurrences from &quot;apparent blooms&quot; which result from a redistribution or redispersion of a numerically stable population (Graham et al. 2001). The public profile of jellyfish blooms has increased in recent years, probably reflecting a real global increase in occurrence or severity, although local effects may be quite the opposite (Mills 2001). The factors that contribute to the formation of blooms are probably many and complex. Their consequences can be serious. Follow the links below for case-specific information. &lt;br&gt; 

==== Introduced Species&lt;br&gt;  ====

Species introductions pose a major threat to biodiversity (Lee 2002). Jellyfish, like other coastal marine species, can be accidentally introduced as organisms growing on ship hulls or in ballast water, or released unintentionally (or intentionally) as a result of the aquarium trade and aquaculture (Holland 2000; Grosholz 2002). The scale of species introductions is bewildering. For example, the USA receives between 20 million and 80 million tonnes of ballast water per year that is laced with an average of one billion bacteria per litre from foreign ports (Ruiz et al. 2000; ANS). The numbers are smaller for larger organisms, and only a subset become established, but the numbers are still impressive. At least 287 introduced, or 'exotic', marine species have become established in Hawai'i (Eldredge &amp;amp; Carlton 2002), between 212-335 in San Francisco Bay (USGS), and 120 in the Chesapeake Bay (ANS). Moreover, their effect is disproportionately large. Over 15% of exotic species cause serious harm, exotic species negatively impact at least 42% of endangered species, and the cost associated with major exotic species in the USA alone is on the order of US$100 billion per year (Lee 2002; ANS). 

&lt;br&gt; 

Causative links between introduced species of jellyfish (scyphozoans, hydrozoans, ctenophores), increases in the occurrence or severity of jellyfish blooms, and decreases in the abundance of endemic gelatinous zooplankton can still be somewhat obscure (Mills 2001). This may be due in part to the existence of 'cryptogenic' species, i.e. species whose endemic or exotic status is unclear (Carlton 1996; Mills 2001) and in part to difficulties in ascribing causal relationships when other influences such as eutrophication are also important (Mills 2001). However, several candidates are likely to be nuisance exotic scyphozoans. For example, Rhopilema nomadica was first recorded in the eastern Mediterranean in 1976, and has since become abundant off Israel each summer; it is hazardous to bathers and fishermen due to its sting and may also clog fishing nets. Presumably exotic Aurelia sp. have clogged seawater intakes and shut-down power plants in Australia, the Baltic region, India, Korea, Philippines, and Saudi Arabia (Mills 2001). Such blooms may be facilitated by small ecological advantages conferred on the exotics by 'genotype x environment' interactions (Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001). Other exotic scyphomedusae that have had negative impacts in recent years include Phyllorhiza punctata, in the Mediterranean and Gulf of Mexico, and Cassiopea spp., in the Mediterranean and Hawai'i (Devaney &amp;amp; Eldredge 1977; Mills 2001; Graham et al. 2003; Holland et al. unpubl.). 

&lt;br&gt;Prepared by ''M.N Dawson''.&lt;br&gt; 

== Fisheries&lt;br&gt;  ==

Dried jellyfish is considered to be a delicacy in many Asian countries. Jellyfish are also purported to have beneficial medicinal properties and are traditionally used to treat ailments such as arthritis, hypertension and back pain (Hsieh et al. 2001). Jellyfish have been harvested off the coast of China for more than 1700 years (Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001) but since the 1970s the catch has been increasing, almost exponentially, and in recent years the annual world harvest has exceeded 500,000 tonnes (Fig. 1). Although traditionally confined to Asian waters, small quantities of jellyfish are also harvested by Australia, USA, UK, Namibia, Turkey and Canada (Fig. 2).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Which species are harvested? &lt;br&gt;  ====

Only jellyfish belonging to the Order Rhizostomeae are harvested for food. The rhizostomes are favoured because they are typically larger and have more rigid bodies than other scyphozoan orders. When processed, the rhizostomes produce a product that has the desirable, almost crunchy texture. Some species considered to be edible are: 

Cepheidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Cephea cephea

Catostylidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Catostylus mosaicus&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambione mastigophora&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambionella orsini&lt;br&gt;

Lobonematidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Lobonema smithi&lt;br&gt; 
*Lobonemoides gracilis&lt;br&gt;

Rhizostomatidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Rhopilema esculentum 
*Rhopilema hispidum 
*Rhizostoma pulmo

Stomolophidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Stomolophus meleagris 
*Stomolophus nomurai

(Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001)&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish caught?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish frequently occur in dense aggregations or blooms and this makes them relatively easy to harvest. Jellyfish are caught using a variety of netting techniques including dip-nets, seines and trawls (Omori 1981, Kingsford et al. 2000). In the USA, Stomolophus meleagris has been harvested using pair trawlers, shrimp trawlers, purse-seiners and &quot;tunnel&quot; boats (Rudloe 1997). Due to concerns about by-catch (i.e. catching undersize animals or other non-target species), harvesting of Catostylus mosaicus in Australia is largely limited to dip-netting since this enables fishers to selectively target large medusae and minimises incidental collection of non-target species (Kingsford et al. 2000).&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish processed?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish need to be processed within a few hours of being harvest since they spoil quickly. Jellyfish are dried using a combination of alum and salt. Drying is a step-wise process that can take between 20 and 40 days to complete (Hsieh et al. 2001). Live jellyfish consist mainly of water and the jellyfish loses approximately 90% of its weight during the drying process. Both the bell and the oral arms are utilised.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Preparation of jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish is most commonly eaten as a type of salad. The dried jellyfish is desalted and rehydrated by soaking it in water for several hours or overnight (Hsieh et al. 2001). It is then shredded or sliced into strips, mixed with various sauces, vegetables, meats (e.g. chicken) or other seafood and served cold.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Potential ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Medusae are important members of the pelagic community (Fig. 3). They are voracious predators of plankton (Purcell 1992) and they, themselves, are preyed on by fish (Ates 1988), turtles and birds (Ates 1991). Species that contain symbiotic zooxanthellae are known to actively take up inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen from seawater (Muscatine &amp;amp; Marian 1982) and such species may have a role in regulating nutrient dynamics of coastal systems. Jellyfish also provide habitat for many species of juvenile fish and some crustaceans (Kingsford 1993). Removal of large quantities of jellyfish via commercial harvesting may have negative impacts on the wider ecosystem. Much more research on the ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish is required. 

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Management of jellyfish fisheries  ===

Jhttp://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/w/index.php?title=Ecology&amp;action=editellyfish are relatively short-lived (often less than a year), grow very rapidly (up to several mm per day [Kikinger 1992]) and consequently abundances of jellyfish can vary dramatically over periods of weeks to months (Pitt &amp;amp; Kingsford 2000). Although jellyfish may occur at predictable times of the year in some places (Brewer 1989), in other locations it is difficult to predict when jellyfish will appear. Many finfish fisheries are managed on a quota system, where a fixed quantity of the target species is harvested. This usually requires a basic knowledge of the abundance of the target species. Since abundances of jellyfish fluctuate greatly over time and the appearance of jellyfish is often unpredictable, alternative management strategies may be required. Examples of some of the information required to effectively manage jellyfish fisheries are:&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
{|
|-'''Biological Information'''|'''Management Strategy'''
|-
|-Size at sexual maturity|Set size limits to protect immature medusae
|}
&lt;br&gt;
Prepared by ''Kylie Pitt''.&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>710</id>
      <parentid>709</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T09:32:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="15908">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle  ==

[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]] 

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ===

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):  ====

[[Image:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg|frame|left|Mastigias papua]]&lt;br&gt; 

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Commensalism (beneficial-no effect):  ====

[[Image:CatostylusSymbiosis.jpg|frame|left|Juvenile fish with Catostylus mosaicus]]&lt;br&gt; 

Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other. A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish. The juvenile fish swim around the jellyfish, presumably gaining something of a safe haven from potential predators. It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Parasitism (beneficial-detrimental):  ====

[[Image:CuninaAmphi KAR.jpg|frame|right|Hyperia amphipod on the hydrozoan Cunina.]]&lt;br&gt; 

Parasitisms are symbioses in which one organism benefits at the other's expense. Examples include jellyfish that are parasitized by amphipods, such as Hydrozoa (right) and others parasitized by gooseneck barnacles. Gooseneck barnacles in the genus Alepas Rang 1829 appear to be exclusively epizooic on scyphozoans, including Diplulmaris malayensis and Cyanea sp. (below). The association is considered ectoparasitic because deep clefts in the umbrella are caused at the point of attachment (Pagès 2000) and may involve other species of gooseneck barnacle (in the genera Conchoderma, Dosima) and scyphomedusae (Cephea cephea, Cyanea nozakii, Pelagia noctiluca, Phacellophora camtchatica, Rhopilema sp.). The association in the photograph below probably has been reported previously by Tubb (1946). &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:CyaneaGooseneck.JPG|frame|left|Gooseneck barnacle on Cyanea.]]&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Coastal Management&lt;br&gt;  ==

==== Blooms&lt;br&gt;  ====

The term jellyfish bloom is generally applied to rapid increases in the number of jellyfish leading to dense, often locally or regionally delimited, abundances of jellyfish. &quot;True blooms&quot; occur when populations increase rapidly in size in situ, and it is useful to distinguish such occurrences from &quot;apparent blooms&quot; which result from a redistribution or redispersion of a numerically stable population (Graham et al. 2001). The public profile of jellyfish blooms has increased in recent years, probably reflecting a real global increase in occurrence or severity, although local effects may be quite the opposite (Mills 2001). The factors that contribute to the formation of blooms are probably many and complex. Their consequences can be serious. Follow the links below for case-specific information. &lt;br&gt; 

==== Introduced Species&lt;br&gt;  ====

Species introductions pose a major threat to biodiversity (Lee 2002). Jellyfish, like other coastal marine species, can be accidentally introduced as organisms growing on ship hulls or in ballast water, or released unintentionally (or intentionally) as a result of the aquarium trade and aquaculture (Holland 2000; Grosholz 2002). The scale of species introductions is bewildering. For example, the USA receives between 20 million and 80 million tonnes of ballast water per year that is laced with an average of one billion bacteria per litre from foreign ports (Ruiz et al. 2000; ANS). The numbers are smaller for larger organisms, and only a subset become established, but the numbers are still impressive. At least 287 introduced, or 'exotic', marine species have become established in Hawai'i (Eldredge &amp;amp; Carlton 2002), between 212-335 in San Francisco Bay (USGS), and 120 in the Chesapeake Bay (ANS). Moreover, their effect is disproportionately large. Over 15% of exotic species cause serious harm, exotic species negatively impact at least 42% of endangered species, and the cost associated with major exotic species in the USA alone is on the order of US$100 billion per year (Lee 2002; ANS). 

&lt;br&gt; 

Causative links between introduced species of jellyfish (scyphozoans, hydrozoans, ctenophores), increases in the occurrence or severity of jellyfish blooms, and decreases in the abundance of endemic gelatinous zooplankton can still be somewhat obscure (Mills 2001). This may be due in part to the existence of 'cryptogenic' species, i.e. species whose endemic or exotic status is unclear (Carlton 1996; Mills 2001) and in part to difficulties in ascribing causal relationships when other influences such as eutrophication are also important (Mills 2001). However, several candidates are likely to be nuisance exotic scyphozoans. For example, Rhopilema nomadica was first recorded in the eastern Mediterranean in 1976, and has since become abundant off Israel each summer; it is hazardous to bathers and fishermen due to its sting and may also clog fishing nets. Presumably exotic Aurelia sp. have clogged seawater intakes and shut-down power plants in Australia, the Baltic region, India, Korea, Philippines, and Saudi Arabia (Mills 2001). Such blooms may be facilitated by small ecological advantages conferred on the exotics by 'genotype x environment' interactions (Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001). Other exotic scyphomedusae that have had negative impacts in recent years include Phyllorhiza punctata, in the Mediterranean and Gulf of Mexico, and Cassiopea spp., in the Mediterranean and Hawai'i (Devaney &amp;amp; Eldredge 1977; Mills 2001; Graham et al. 2003; Holland et al. unpubl.). 

&lt;br&gt;Prepared by ''M.N Dawson''.&lt;br&gt; 

== Fisheries&lt;br&gt;  ==

Dried jellyfish is considered to be a delicacy in many Asian countries. Jellyfish are also purported to have beneficial medicinal properties and are traditionally used to treat ailments such as arthritis, hypertension and back pain (Hsieh et al. 2001). Jellyfish have been harvested off the coast of China for more than 1700 years (Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001) but since the 1970s the catch has been increasing, almost exponentially, and in recent years the annual world harvest has exceeded 500,000 tonnes (Fig. 1). Although traditionally confined to Asian waters, small quantities of jellyfish are also harvested by Australia, USA, UK, Namibia, Turkey and Canada (Fig. 2).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Which species are harvested? &lt;br&gt;  ====

Only jellyfish belonging to the Order Rhizostomeae are harvested for food. The rhizostomes are favoured because they are typically larger and have more rigid bodies than other scyphozoan orders. When processed, the rhizostomes produce a product that has the desirable, almost crunchy texture. Some species considered to be edible are: 

Cepheidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Cephea cephea

Catostylidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Catostylus mosaicus&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambione mastigophora&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambionella orsini&lt;br&gt;

Lobonematidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Lobonema smithi&lt;br&gt; 
*Lobonemoides gracilis&lt;br&gt;

Rhizostomatidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Rhopilema esculentum 
*Rhopilema hispidum 
*Rhizostoma pulmo

Stomolophidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Stomolophus meleagris 
*Stomolophus nomurai

(Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001)&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish caught?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish frequently occur in dense aggregations or blooms and this makes them relatively easy to harvest. Jellyfish are caught using a variety of netting techniques including dip-nets, seines and trawls (Omori 1981, Kingsford et al. 2000). In the USA, Stomolophus meleagris has been harvested using pair trawlers, shrimp trawlers, purse-seiners and &quot;tunnel&quot; boats (Rudloe 1997). Due to concerns about by-catch (i.e. catching undersize animals or other non-target species), harvesting of Catostylus mosaicus in Australia is largely limited to dip-netting since this enables fishers to selectively target large medusae and minimises incidental collection of non-target species (Kingsford et al. 2000).&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish processed?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish need to be processed within a few hours of being harvest since they spoil quickly. Jellyfish are dried using a combination of alum and salt. Drying is a step-wise process that can take between 20 and 40 days to complete (Hsieh et al. 2001). Live jellyfish consist mainly of water and the jellyfish loses approximately 90% of its weight during the drying process. Both the bell and the oral arms are utilised.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Preparation of jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish is most commonly eaten as a type of salad. The dried jellyfish is desalted and rehydrated by soaking it in water for several hours or overnight (Hsieh et al. 2001). It is then shredded or sliced into strips, mixed with various sauces, vegetables, meats (e.g. chicken) or other seafood and served cold.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Potential ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Medusae are important members of the pelagic community (Fig. 3). They are voracious predators of plankton (Purcell 1992) and they, themselves, are preyed on by fish (Ates 1988), turtles and birds (Ates 1991). Species that contain symbiotic zooxanthellae are known to actively take up inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen from seawater (Muscatine &amp;amp; Marian 1982) and such species may have a role in regulating nutrient dynamics of coastal systems. Jellyfish also provide habitat for many species of juvenile fish and some crustaceans (Kingsford 1993). Removal of large quantities of jellyfish via commercial harvesting may have negative impacts on the wider ecosystem. Much more research on the ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish is required. 

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Management of jellyfish fisheries  ===

Jellyfish are relatively short-lived (often less than a year), grow very rapidly (up to several mm per day [Kikinger 1992]) and consequently abundances of jellyfish can vary dramatically over periods of weeks to months (Pitt &amp;amp; Kingsford 2000). Although jellyfish may occur at predictable times of the year in some places (Brewer 1989), in other locations it is difficult to predict when jellyfish will appear. Many finfish fisheries are managed on a quota system, where a fixed quantity of the target species is harvested. This usually requires a basic knowledge of the abundance of the target species. Since abundances of jellyfish fluctuate greatly over time and the appearance of jellyfish is often unpredictable, alternative management strategies may be required. Examples of some of the information required to effectively manage jellyfish fisheries are:&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 

{| 
| '''Biological Information''' || '''Management Strategy'''
|- 
| Size at sexual maturity ||Set size limits to protect immature medusae
|-
|Identify areas where medusae occur || 	Close fishing in some areas to protect a proportion of the population
|-
|Locate where benthic polyps occur  ||	Protect the habitat of the polyps (e.g. prevent dredging or habitat modification) 
|-
|Identify the unit stock  ||	Protect a proportion of each stock to ensure that individual stocks are not overfished
|}


&lt;br&gt; Prepared by ''Kylie Pitt''.&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>882</id>
      <parentid>710</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-06T08:42:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Paola mybhaby</username>
        <id>15</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="15904">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle  ==

[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]] 

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ===

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):  ====

[[Image:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg|frame|left|Mastigias papua]]&lt;br&gt; 

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Commensalism (beneficial-no effect):  ====

[[Image:CatostylusSymbiosis.jpg|frame|left|Juvenile fish with Catostylus mosaicus]]&lt;br&gt; 

Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other. A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish. The juvenile fish swim around the jellyfish, presumably gaining something of a safe haven from potential predators. It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Parasitism (beneficial-detrimental):  ====

[[Image:CuninaAmphi KAR.jpg|frame|right|Hyperia amphipod on the hydrozoan Cunina.]]&lt;br&gt; 

Parasitisms are symbioses in which one organism benefits at the other's expense. Examples include jellyfish that are parasitized by amphipods, such as Hydrozoa (right) and others parasitized by gooseneck barnacles. Gooseneck barnacles in the genus Alepas Rang 1829 appear to be exclusively epizooic on scyphozoans, including Diplulmaris malayensis and Cyanea sp. (below). The association is considered ectoparasitic because deep clefts in the umbrella are caused at the point of attachment (Pagès 2000) and may involve other species of gooseneck barnacle (in the genera Conchoderma, Dosima) and scyphomedusae (Cephea cephea, Cyanea nozakii, Pelagia noctiluca, Phacellophora camtchatica, Rhopilema sp.). The association in the photograph below probably has been reported previously by Tubb (1946). &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:CyaneaGooseneck.JPG|frame|left|Gooseneck barnacle on Cyanea.]]&lt;br&gt; 


== Coastal Management&lt;br&gt;  ==

==== Blooms&lt;br&gt;  ====

The term jellyfish bloom is generally applied to rapid increases in the number of jellyfish leading to dense, often locally or regionally delimited, abundances of jellyfish. &quot;True blooms&quot; occur when populations increase rapidly in size in situ, and it is useful to distinguish such occurrences from &quot;apparent blooms&quot; which result from a redistribution or redispersion of a numerically stable population (Graham et al. 2001). The public profile of jellyfish blooms has increased in recent years, probably reflecting a real global increase in occurrence or severity, although local effects may be quite the opposite (Mills 2001). The factors that contribute to the formation of blooms are probably many and complex. Their consequences can be serious. Follow the links below for case-specific information. &lt;br&gt; 

==== Introduced Species&lt;br&gt;  ====

Species introductions pose a major threat to biodiversity (Lee 2002). Jellyfish, like other coastal marine species, can be accidentally introduced as organisms growing on ship hulls or in ballast water, or released unintentionally (or intentionally) as a result of the aquarium trade and aquaculture (Holland 2000; Grosholz 2002). The scale of species introductions is bewildering. For example, the USA receives between 20 million and 80 million tonnes of ballast water per year that is laced with an average of one billion bacteria per litre from foreign ports (Ruiz et al. 2000; ANS). The numbers are smaller for larger organisms, and only a subset become established, but the numbers are still impressive. At least 287 introduced, or 'exotic', marine species have become established in Hawai'i (Eldredge &amp;amp; Carlton 2002), between 212-335 in San Francisco Bay (USGS), and 120 in the Chesapeake Bay (ANS). Moreover, their effect is disproportionately large. Over 15% of exotic species cause serious harm, exotic species negatively impact at least 42% of endangered species, and the cost associated with major exotic species in the USA alone is on the order of US$100 billion per year (Lee 2002; ANS). 

&lt;br&gt; 

Causative links between introduced species of jellyfish (scyphozoans, hydrozoans, ctenophores), increases in the occurrence or severity of jellyfish blooms, and decreases in the abundance of endemic gelatinous zooplankton can still be somewhat obscure (Mills 2001). This may be due in part to the existence of 'cryptogenic' species, i.e. species whose endemic or exotic status is unclear (Carlton 1996; Mills 2001) and in part to difficulties in ascribing causal relationships when other influences such as eutrophication are also important (Mills 2001). However, several candidates are likely to be nuisance exotic scyphozoans. For example, Rhopilema nomadica was first recorded in the eastern Mediterranean in 1976, and has since become abundant off Israel each summer; it is hazardous to bathers and fishermen due to its sting and may also clog fishing nets. Presumably exotic Aurelia sp. have clogged seawater intakes and shut-down power plants in Australia, the Baltic region, India, Korea, Philippines, and Saudi Arabia (Mills 2001). Such blooms may be facilitated by small ecological advantages conferred on the exotics by 'genotype x environment' interactions (Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001). Other exotic scyphomedusae that have had negative impacts in recent years include Phyllorhiza punctata, in the Mediterranean and Gulf of Mexico, and Cassiopea spp., in the Mediterranean and Hawai'i (Devaney &amp;amp; Eldredge 1977; Mills 2001; Graham et al. 2003; Holland et al. unpubl.). 

&lt;br&gt;Prepared by ''M.N Dawson''.&lt;br&gt; 

== Fisheries&lt;br&gt;  ==

Dried jellyfish is considered to be a delicacy in many Asian countries. Jellyfish are also purported to have beneficial medicinal properties and are traditionally used to treat ailments such as arthritis, hypertension and back pain (Hsieh et al. 2001). Jellyfish have been harvested off the coast of China for more than 1700 years (Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001) but since the 1970s the catch has been increasing, almost exponentially, and in recent years the annual world harvest has exceeded 500,000 tonnes (Fig. 1). Although traditionally confined to Asian waters, small quantities of jellyfish are also harvested by Australia, USA, UK, Namibia, Turkey and Canada (Fig. 2).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Which species are harvested? &lt;br&gt;  ====

Only jellyfish belonging to the Order Rhizostomeae are harvested for food. The rhizostomes are favoured because they are typically larger and have more rigid bodies than other scyphozoan orders. When processed, the rhizostomes produce a product that has the desirable, almost crunchy texture. Some species considered to be edible are: 

Cepheidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Cephea cephea

Catostylidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Catostylus mosaicus&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambione mastigophora&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambionella orsini&lt;br&gt;

Lobonematidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Lobonema smithi&lt;br&gt; 
*Lobonemoides gracilis&lt;br&gt;

Rhizostomatidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Rhopilema esculentum 
*Rhopilema hispidum 
*Rhizostoma pulmo

Stomolophidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Stomolophus meleagris 
*Stomolophus nomurai

(Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001)&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish caught?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish frequently occur in dense aggregations or blooms and this makes them relatively easy to harvest. Jellyfish are caught using a variety of netting techniques including dip-nets, seines and trawls (Omori 1981, Kingsford et al. 2000). In the USA, Stomolophus meleagris has been harvested using pair trawlers, shrimp trawlers, purse-seiners and &quot;tunnel&quot; boats (Rudloe 1997). Due to concerns about by-catch (i.e. catching undersize animals or other non-target species), harvesting of Catostylus mosaicus in Australia is largely limited to dip-netting since this enables fishers to selectively target large medusae and minimises incidental collection of non-target species (Kingsford et al. 2000).&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish processed?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish need to be processed within a few hours of being harvest since they spoil quickly. Jellyfish are dried using a combination of alum and salt. Drying is a step-wise process that can take between 20 and 40 days to complete (Hsieh et al. 2001). Live jellyfish consist mainly of water and the jellyfish loses approximately 90% of its weight during the drying process. Both the bell and the oral arms are utilised.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Preparation of jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish is most commonly eaten as a type of salad. The dried jellyfish is desalted and rehydrated by soaking it in water for several hours or overnight (Hsieh et al. 2001). It is then shredded or sliced into strips, mixed with various sauces, vegetables, meats (e.g. chicken) or other seafood and served cold.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Potential ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Medusae are important members of the pelagic community (Fig. 3). They are voracious predators of plankton (Purcell 1992) and they, themselves, are preyed on by fish (Ates 1988), turtles and birds (Ates 1991). Species that contain symbiotic zooxanthellae are known to actively take up inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen from seawater (Muscatine &amp;amp; Marian 1982) and such species may have a role in regulating nutrient dynamics of coastal systems. Jellyfish also provide habitat for many species of juvenile fish and some crustaceans (Kingsford 1993). Removal of large quantities of jellyfish via commercial harvesting may have negative impacts on the wider ecosystem. Much more research on the ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish is required. 

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Management of jellyfish fisheries  ===

Jellyfish are relatively short-lived (often less than a year), grow very rapidly (up to several mm per day [Kikinger 1992]) and consequently abundances of jellyfish can vary dramatically over periods of weeks to months (Pitt &amp;amp; Kingsford 2000). Although jellyfish may occur at predictable times of the year in some places (Brewer 1989), in other locations it is difficult to predict when jellyfish will appear. Many finfish fisheries are managed on a quota system, where a fixed quantity of the target species is harvested. This usually requires a basic knowledge of the abundance of the target species. Since abundances of jellyfish fluctuate greatly over time and the appearance of jellyfish is often unpredictable, alternative management strategies may be required. Examples of some of the information required to effectively manage jellyfish fisheries are:&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 

{| 
| '''Biological Information''' || '''Management Strategy'''
|- 
| Size at sexual maturity ||Set size limits to protect immature medusae
|-
|Identify areas where medusae occur || 	Close fishing in some areas to protect a proportion of the population
|-
|Locate where benthic polyps occur  ||	Protect the habitat of the polyps (e.g. prevent dredging or habitat modification) 
|-
|Identify the unit stock  ||	Protect a proportion of each stock to ensure that individual stocks are not overfished
|}


==Related Links:==

[http://www.bodybuildingrevealed.com/'''body building''']

&lt;br&gt; Prepared by ''Kylie Pitt''.&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1086</id>
      <parentid>882</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-09-14T13:18:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Alysia</username>
        <id>23</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Related Links: */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="15955">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle  ==

[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]] 

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ===

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):  ====

[[Image:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg|frame|left|Mastigias papua]]&lt;br&gt; 

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Commensalism (beneficial-no effect):  ====

[[Image:CatostylusSymbiosis.jpg|frame|left|Juvenile fish with Catostylus mosaicus]]&lt;br&gt; 

Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other. A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish. The juvenile fish swim around the jellyfish, presumably gaining something of a safe haven from potential predators. It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Parasitism (beneficial-detrimental):  ====

[[Image:CuninaAmphi KAR.jpg|frame|right|Hyperia amphipod on the hydrozoan Cunina.]]&lt;br&gt; 

Parasitisms are symbioses in which one organism benefits at the other's expense. Examples include jellyfish that are parasitized by amphipods, such as Hydrozoa (right) and others parasitized by gooseneck barnacles. Gooseneck barnacles in the genus Alepas Rang 1829 appear to be exclusively epizooic on scyphozoans, including Diplulmaris malayensis and Cyanea sp. (below). The association is considered ectoparasitic because deep clefts in the umbrella are caused at the point of attachment (Pagès 2000) and may involve other species of gooseneck barnacle (in the genera Conchoderma, Dosima) and scyphomedusae (Cephea cephea, Cyanea nozakii, Pelagia noctiluca, Phacellophora camtchatica, Rhopilema sp.). The association in the photograph below probably has been reported previously by Tubb (1946). &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:CyaneaGooseneck.JPG|frame|left|Gooseneck barnacle on Cyanea.]]&lt;br&gt; 


== Coastal Management&lt;br&gt;  ==

==== Blooms&lt;br&gt;  ====

The term jellyfish bloom is generally applied to rapid increases in the number of jellyfish leading to dense, often locally or regionally delimited, abundances of jellyfish. &quot;True blooms&quot; occur when populations increase rapidly in size in situ, and it is useful to distinguish such occurrences from &quot;apparent blooms&quot; which result from a redistribution or redispersion of a numerically stable population (Graham et al. 2001). The public profile of jellyfish blooms has increased in recent years, probably reflecting a real global increase in occurrence or severity, although local effects may be quite the opposite (Mills 2001). The factors that contribute to the formation of blooms are probably many and complex. Their consequences can be serious. Follow the links below for case-specific information. &lt;br&gt; 

==== Introduced Species&lt;br&gt;  ====

Species introductions pose a major threat to biodiversity (Lee 2002). Jellyfish, like other coastal marine species, can be accidentally introduced as organisms growing on ship hulls or in ballast water, or released unintentionally (or intentionally) as a result of the aquarium trade and aquaculture (Holland 2000; Grosholz 2002). The scale of species introductions is bewildering. For example, the USA receives between 20 million and 80 million tonnes of ballast water per year that is laced with an average of one billion bacteria per litre from foreign ports (Ruiz et al. 2000; ANS). The numbers are smaller for larger organisms, and only a subset become established, but the numbers are still impressive. At least 287 introduced, or 'exotic', marine species have become established in Hawai'i (Eldredge &amp;amp; Carlton 2002), between 212-335 in San Francisco Bay (USGS), and 120 in the Chesapeake Bay (ANS). Moreover, their effect is disproportionately large. Over 15% of exotic species cause serious harm, exotic species negatively impact at least 42% of endangered species, and the cost associated with major exotic species in the USA alone is on the order of US$100 billion per year (Lee 2002; ANS). 

&lt;br&gt; 

Causative links between introduced species of jellyfish (scyphozoans, hydrozoans, ctenophores), increases in the occurrence or severity of jellyfish blooms, and decreases in the abundance of endemic gelatinous zooplankton can still be somewhat obscure (Mills 2001). This may be due in part to the existence of 'cryptogenic' species, i.e. species whose endemic or exotic status is unclear (Carlton 1996; Mills 2001) and in part to difficulties in ascribing causal relationships when other influences such as eutrophication are also important (Mills 2001). However, several candidates are likely to be nuisance exotic scyphozoans. For example, Rhopilema nomadica was first recorded in the eastern Mediterranean in 1976, and has since become abundant off Israel each summer; it is hazardous to bathers and fishermen due to its sting and may also clog fishing nets. Presumably exotic Aurelia sp. have clogged seawater intakes and shut-down power plants in Australia, the Baltic region, India, Korea, Philippines, and Saudi Arabia (Mills 2001). Such blooms may be facilitated by small ecological advantages conferred on the exotics by 'genotype x environment' interactions (Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001). Other exotic scyphomedusae that have had negative impacts in recent years include Phyllorhiza punctata, in the Mediterranean and Gulf of Mexico, and Cassiopea spp., in the Mediterranean and Hawai'i (Devaney &amp;amp; Eldredge 1977; Mills 2001; Graham et al. 2003; Holland et al. unpubl.). 

&lt;br&gt;Prepared by ''M.N Dawson''.&lt;br&gt; 

== Fisheries&lt;br&gt;  ==

Dried jellyfish is considered to be a delicacy in many Asian countries. Jellyfish are also purported to have beneficial medicinal properties and are traditionally used to treat ailments such as arthritis, hypertension and back pain (Hsieh et al. 2001). Jellyfish have been harvested off the coast of China for more than 1700 years (Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001) but since the 1970s the catch has been increasing, almost exponentially, and in recent years the annual world harvest has exceeded 500,000 tonnes (Fig. 1). Although traditionally confined to Asian waters, small quantities of jellyfish are also harvested by Australia, USA, UK, Namibia, Turkey and Canada (Fig. 2).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Which species are harvested? &lt;br&gt;  ====

Only jellyfish belonging to the Order Rhizostomeae are harvested for food. The rhizostomes are favoured because they are typically larger and have more rigid bodies than other scyphozoan orders. When processed, the rhizostomes produce a product that has the desirable, almost crunchy texture. Some species considered to be edible are: 

Cepheidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Cephea cephea

Catostylidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Catostylus mosaicus&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambione mastigophora&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambionella orsini&lt;br&gt;

Lobonematidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Lobonema smithi&lt;br&gt; 
*Lobonemoides gracilis&lt;br&gt;

Rhizostomatidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Rhopilema esculentum 
*Rhopilema hispidum 
*Rhizostoma pulmo

Stomolophidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Stomolophus meleagris 
*Stomolophus nomurai

(Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001)&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish caught?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish frequently occur in dense aggregations or blooms and this makes them relatively easy to harvest. Jellyfish are caught using a variety of netting techniques including dip-nets, seines and trawls (Omori 1981, Kingsford et al. 2000). In the USA, Stomolophus meleagris has been harvested using pair trawlers, shrimp trawlers, purse-seiners and &quot;tunnel&quot; boats (Rudloe 1997). Due to concerns about by-catch (i.e. catching undersize animals or other non-target species), harvesting of Catostylus mosaicus in Australia is largely limited to dip-netting since this enables fishers to selectively target large medusae and minimises incidental collection of non-target species (Kingsford et al. 2000).&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish processed?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish need to be processed within a few hours of being harvest since they spoil quickly. Jellyfish are dried using a combination of alum and salt. Drying is a step-wise process that can take between 20 and 40 days to complete (Hsieh et al. 2001). Live jellyfish consist mainly of water and the jellyfish loses approximately 90% of its weight during the drying process. Both the bell and the oral arms are utilised.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Preparation of jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish is most commonly eaten as a type of salad. The dried jellyfish is desalted and rehydrated by soaking it in water for several hours or overnight (Hsieh et al. 2001). It is then shredded or sliced into strips, mixed with various sauces, vegetables, meats (e.g. chicken) or other seafood and served cold.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Potential ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Medusae are important members of the pelagic community (Fig. 3). They are voracious predators of plankton (Purcell 1992) and they, themselves, are preyed on by fish (Ates 1988), turtles and birds (Ates 1991). Species that contain symbiotic zooxanthellae are known to actively take up inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen from seawater (Muscatine &amp;amp; Marian 1982) and such species may have a role in regulating nutrient dynamics of coastal systems. Jellyfish also provide habitat for many species of juvenile fish and some crustaceans (Kingsford 1993). Removal of large quantities of jellyfish via commercial harvesting may have negative impacts on the wider ecosystem. Much more research on the ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish is required. 

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Management of jellyfish fisheries  ===

Jellyfish are relatively short-lived (often less than a year), grow very rapidly (up to several mm per day [Kikinger 1992]) and consequently abundances of jellyfish can vary dramatically over periods of weeks to months (Pitt &amp;amp; Kingsford 2000). Although jellyfish may occur at predictable times of the year in some places (Brewer 1989), in other locations it is difficult to predict when jellyfish will appear. Many finfish fisheries are managed on a quota system, where a fixed quantity of the target species is harvested. This usually requires a basic knowledge of the abundance of the target species. Since abundances of jellyfish fluctuate greatly over time and the appearance of jellyfish is often unpredictable, alternative management strategies may be required. Examples of some of the information required to effectively manage jellyfish fisheries are:&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 

{| 
| '''Biological Information''' || '''Management Strategy'''
|- 
| Size at sexual maturity ||Set size limits to protect immature medusae
|-
|Identify areas where medusae occur || 	Close fishing in some areas to protect a proportion of the population
|-
|Locate where benthic polyps occur  ||	Protect the habitat of the polyps (e.g. prevent dredging or habitat modification) 
|-
|Identify the unit stock  ||	Protect a proportion of each stock to ensure that individual stocks are not overfished
|}


==Related Links:==

[http://www.bodybuildingrevealed.com/'''body building'''],br&gt;
[http://www.merchantos.com/'''pos software''']

&lt;br&gt; Prepared by ''Kylie Pitt''.&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1087</id>
      <parentid>1086</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-09-14T13:19:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Alysia</username>
        <id>23</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Related Links: */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="15955">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle  ==

[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]] 

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ===

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):  ====

[[Image:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg|frame|left|Mastigias papua]]&lt;br&gt; 

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Commensalism (beneficial-no effect):  ====

[[Image:CatostylusSymbiosis.jpg|frame|left|Juvenile fish with Catostylus mosaicus]]&lt;br&gt; 

Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other. A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish. The juvenile fish swim around the jellyfish, presumably gaining something of a safe haven from potential predators. It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Parasitism (beneficial-detrimental):  ====

[[Image:CuninaAmphi KAR.jpg|frame|right|Hyperia amphipod on the hydrozoan Cunina.]]&lt;br&gt; 

Parasitisms are symbioses in which one organism benefits at the other's expense. Examples include jellyfish that are parasitized by amphipods, such as Hydrozoa (right) and others parasitized by gooseneck barnacles. Gooseneck barnacles in the genus Alepas Rang 1829 appear to be exclusively epizooic on scyphozoans, including Diplulmaris malayensis and Cyanea sp. (below). The association is considered ectoparasitic because deep clefts in the umbrella are caused at the point of attachment (Pagès 2000) and may involve other species of gooseneck barnacle (in the genera Conchoderma, Dosima) and scyphomedusae (Cephea cephea, Cyanea nozakii, Pelagia noctiluca, Phacellophora camtchatica, Rhopilema sp.). The association in the photograph below probably has been reported previously by Tubb (1946). &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:CyaneaGooseneck.JPG|frame|left|Gooseneck barnacle on Cyanea.]]&lt;br&gt; 


== Coastal Management&lt;br&gt;  ==

==== Blooms&lt;br&gt;  ====

The term jellyfish bloom is generally applied to rapid increases in the number of jellyfish leading to dense, often locally or regionally delimited, abundances of jellyfish. &quot;True blooms&quot; occur when populations increase rapidly in size in situ, and it is useful to distinguish such occurrences from &quot;apparent blooms&quot; which result from a redistribution or redispersion of a numerically stable population (Graham et al. 2001). The public profile of jellyfish blooms has increased in recent years, probably reflecting a real global increase in occurrence or severity, although local effects may be quite the opposite (Mills 2001). The factors that contribute to the formation of blooms are probably many and complex. Their consequences can be serious. Follow the links below for case-specific information. &lt;br&gt; 

==== Introduced Species&lt;br&gt;  ====

Species introductions pose a major threat to biodiversity (Lee 2002). Jellyfish, like other coastal marine species, can be accidentally introduced as organisms growing on ship hulls or in ballast water, or released unintentionally (or intentionally) as a result of the aquarium trade and aquaculture (Holland 2000; Grosholz 2002). The scale of species introductions is bewildering. For example, the USA receives between 20 million and 80 million tonnes of ballast water per year that is laced with an average of one billion bacteria per litre from foreign ports (Ruiz et al. 2000; ANS). The numbers are smaller for larger organisms, and only a subset become established, but the numbers are still impressive. At least 287 introduced, or 'exotic', marine species have become established in Hawai'i (Eldredge &amp;amp; Carlton 2002), between 212-335 in San Francisco Bay (USGS), and 120 in the Chesapeake Bay (ANS). Moreover, their effect is disproportionately large. Over 15% of exotic species cause serious harm, exotic species negatively impact at least 42% of endangered species, and the cost associated with major exotic species in the USA alone is on the order of US$100 billion per year (Lee 2002; ANS). 

&lt;br&gt; 

Causative links between introduced species of jellyfish (scyphozoans, hydrozoans, ctenophores), increases in the occurrence or severity of jellyfish blooms, and decreases in the abundance of endemic gelatinous zooplankton can still be somewhat obscure (Mills 2001). This may be due in part to the existence of 'cryptogenic' species, i.e. species whose endemic or exotic status is unclear (Carlton 1996; Mills 2001) and in part to difficulties in ascribing causal relationships when other influences such as eutrophication are also important (Mills 2001). However, several candidates are likely to be nuisance exotic scyphozoans. For example, Rhopilema nomadica was first recorded in the eastern Mediterranean in 1976, and has since become abundant off Israel each summer; it is hazardous to bathers and fishermen due to its sting and may also clog fishing nets. Presumably exotic Aurelia sp. have clogged seawater intakes and shut-down power plants in Australia, the Baltic region, India, Korea, Philippines, and Saudi Arabia (Mills 2001). Such blooms may be facilitated by small ecological advantages conferred on the exotics by 'genotype x environment' interactions (Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001). Other exotic scyphomedusae that have had negative impacts in recent years include Phyllorhiza punctata, in the Mediterranean and Gulf of Mexico, and Cassiopea spp., in the Mediterranean and Hawai'i (Devaney &amp;amp; Eldredge 1977; Mills 2001; Graham et al. 2003; Holland et al. unpubl.). 

&lt;br&gt;Prepared by ''M.N Dawson''.&lt;br&gt; 

== Fisheries&lt;br&gt;  ==

Dried jellyfish is considered to be a delicacy in many Asian countries. Jellyfish are also purported to have beneficial medicinal properties and are traditionally used to treat ailments such as arthritis, hypertension and back pain (Hsieh et al. 2001). Jellyfish have been harvested off the coast of China for more than 1700 years (Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001) but since the 1970s the catch has been increasing, almost exponentially, and in recent years the annual world harvest has exceeded 500,000 tonnes (Fig. 1). Although traditionally confined to Asian waters, small quantities of jellyfish are also harvested by Australia, USA, UK, Namibia, Turkey and Canada (Fig. 2).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Which species are harvested? &lt;br&gt;  ====

Only jellyfish belonging to the Order Rhizostomeae are harvested for food. The rhizostomes are favoured because they are typically larger and have more rigid bodies than other scyphozoan orders. When processed, the rhizostomes produce a product that has the desirable, almost crunchy texture. Some species considered to be edible are: 

Cepheidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Cephea cephea

Catostylidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Catostylus mosaicus&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambione mastigophora&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambionella orsini&lt;br&gt;

Lobonematidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Lobonema smithi&lt;br&gt; 
*Lobonemoides gracilis&lt;br&gt;

Rhizostomatidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Rhopilema esculentum 
*Rhopilema hispidum 
*Rhizostoma pulmo

Stomolophidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Stomolophus meleagris 
*Stomolophus nomurai

(Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001)&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish caught?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish frequently occur in dense aggregations or blooms and this makes them relatively easy to harvest. Jellyfish are caught using a variety of netting techniques including dip-nets, seines and trawls (Omori 1981, Kingsford et al. 2000). In the USA, Stomolophus meleagris has been harvested using pair trawlers, shrimp trawlers, purse-seiners and &quot;tunnel&quot; boats (Rudloe 1997). Due to concerns about by-catch (i.e. catching undersize animals or other non-target species), harvesting of Catostylus mosaicus in Australia is largely limited to dip-netting since this enables fishers to selectively target large medusae and minimises incidental collection of non-target species (Kingsford et al. 2000).&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish processed?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish need to be processed within a few hours of being harvest since they spoil quickly. Jellyfish are dried using a combination of alum and salt. Drying is a step-wise process that can take between 20 and 40 days to complete (Hsieh et al. 2001). Live jellyfish consist mainly of water and the jellyfish loses approximately 90% of its weight during the drying process. Both the bell and the oral arms are utilised.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Preparation of jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish is most commonly eaten as a type of salad. The dried jellyfish is desalted and rehydrated by soaking it in water for several hours or overnight (Hsieh et al. 2001). It is then shredded or sliced into strips, mixed with various sauces, vegetables, meats (e.g. chicken) or other seafood and served cold.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Potential ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Medusae are important members of the pelagic community (Fig. 3). They are voracious predators of plankton (Purcell 1992) and they, themselves, are preyed on by fish (Ates 1988), turtles and birds (Ates 1991). Species that contain symbiotic zooxanthellae are known to actively take up inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen from seawater (Muscatine &amp;amp; Marian 1982) and such species may have a role in regulating nutrient dynamics of coastal systems. Jellyfish also provide habitat for many species of juvenile fish and some crustaceans (Kingsford 1993). Removal of large quantities of jellyfish via commercial harvesting may have negative impacts on the wider ecosystem. Much more research on the ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish is required. 

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Management of jellyfish fisheries  ===

Jellyfish are relatively short-lived (often less than a year), grow very rapidly (up to several mm per day [Kikinger 1992]) and consequently abundances of jellyfish can vary dramatically over periods of weeks to months (Pitt &amp;amp; Kingsford 2000). Although jellyfish may occur at predictable times of the year in some places (Brewer 1989), in other locations it is difficult to predict when jellyfish will appear. Many finfish fisheries are managed on a quota system, where a fixed quantity of the target species is harvested. This usually requires a basic knowledge of the abundance of the target species. Since abundances of jellyfish fluctuate greatly over time and the appearance of jellyfish is often unpredictable, alternative management strategies may be required. Examples of some of the information required to effectively manage jellyfish fisheries are:&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 

{| 
| '''Biological Information''' || '''Management Strategy'''
|- 
| Size at sexual maturity ||Set size limits to protect immature medusae
|-
|Identify areas where medusae occur || 	Close fishing in some areas to protect a proportion of the population
|-
|Locate where benthic polyps occur  ||	Protect the habitat of the polyps (e.g. prevent dredging or habitat modification) 
|-
|Identify the unit stock  ||	Protect a proportion of each stock to ensure that individual stocks are not overfished
|}


==Related Links:==

[http://www.bodybuildingrevealed.com/'''body building''']&lt;br&gt;
[http://www.merchantos.com/'''pos software''']

&lt;br&gt; Prepared by ''Kylie Pitt''.&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1088</id>
      <parentid>1087</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-09-16T11:52:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Alysia</username>
        <id>23</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Related Links: */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="16028">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle  ==

[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]] 

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ===

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):  ====

[[Image:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg|frame|left|Mastigias papua]]&lt;br&gt; 

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Commensalism (beneficial-no effect):  ====

[[Image:CatostylusSymbiosis.jpg|frame|left|Juvenile fish with Catostylus mosaicus]]&lt;br&gt; 

Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other. A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish. The juvenile fish swim around the jellyfish, presumably gaining something of a safe haven from potential predators. It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Parasitism (beneficial-detrimental):  ====

[[Image:CuninaAmphi KAR.jpg|frame|right|Hyperia amphipod on the hydrozoan Cunina.]]&lt;br&gt; 

Parasitisms are symbioses in which one organism benefits at the other's expense. Examples include jellyfish that are parasitized by amphipods, such as Hydrozoa (right) and others parasitized by gooseneck barnacles. Gooseneck barnacles in the genus Alepas Rang 1829 appear to be exclusively epizooic on scyphozoans, including Diplulmaris malayensis and Cyanea sp. (below). The association is considered ectoparasitic because deep clefts in the umbrella are caused at the point of attachment (Pagès 2000) and may involve other species of gooseneck barnacle (in the genera Conchoderma, Dosima) and scyphomedusae (Cephea cephea, Cyanea nozakii, Pelagia noctiluca, Phacellophora camtchatica, Rhopilema sp.). The association in the photograph below probably has been reported previously by Tubb (1946). &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:CyaneaGooseneck.JPG|frame|left|Gooseneck barnacle on Cyanea.]]&lt;br&gt; 


== Coastal Management&lt;br&gt;  ==

==== Blooms&lt;br&gt;  ====

The term jellyfish bloom is generally applied to rapid increases in the number of jellyfish leading to dense, often locally or regionally delimited, abundances of jellyfish. &quot;True blooms&quot; occur when populations increase rapidly in size in situ, and it is useful to distinguish such occurrences from &quot;apparent blooms&quot; which result from a redistribution or redispersion of a numerically stable population (Graham et al. 2001). The public profile of jellyfish blooms has increased in recent years, probably reflecting a real global increase in occurrence or severity, although local effects may be quite the opposite (Mills 2001). The factors that contribute to the formation of blooms are probably many and complex. Their consequences can be serious. Follow the links below for case-specific information. &lt;br&gt; 

==== Introduced Species&lt;br&gt;  ====

Species introductions pose a major threat to biodiversity (Lee 2002). Jellyfish, like other coastal marine species, can be accidentally introduced as organisms growing on ship hulls or in ballast water, or released unintentionally (or intentionally) as a result of the aquarium trade and aquaculture (Holland 2000; Grosholz 2002). The scale of species introductions is bewildering. For example, the USA receives between 20 million and 80 million tonnes of ballast water per year that is laced with an average of one billion bacteria per litre from foreign ports (Ruiz et al. 2000; ANS). The numbers are smaller for larger organisms, and only a subset become established, but the numbers are still impressive. At least 287 introduced, or 'exotic', marine species have become established in Hawai'i (Eldredge &amp;amp; Carlton 2002), between 212-335 in San Francisco Bay (USGS), and 120 in the Chesapeake Bay (ANS). Moreover, their effect is disproportionately large. Over 15% of exotic species cause serious harm, exotic species negatively impact at least 42% of endangered species, and the cost associated with major exotic species in the USA alone is on the order of US$100 billion per year (Lee 2002; ANS). 

&lt;br&gt; 

Causative links between introduced species of jellyfish (scyphozoans, hydrozoans, ctenophores), increases in the occurrence or severity of jellyfish blooms, and decreases in the abundance of endemic gelatinous zooplankton can still be somewhat obscure (Mills 2001). This may be due in part to the existence of 'cryptogenic' species, i.e. species whose endemic or exotic status is unclear (Carlton 1996; Mills 2001) and in part to difficulties in ascribing causal relationships when other influences such as eutrophication are also important (Mills 2001). However, several candidates are likely to be nuisance exotic scyphozoans. For example, Rhopilema nomadica was first recorded in the eastern Mediterranean in 1976, and has since become abundant off Israel each summer; it is hazardous to bathers and fishermen due to its sting and may also clog fishing nets. Presumably exotic Aurelia sp. have clogged seawater intakes and shut-down power plants in Australia, the Baltic region, India, Korea, Philippines, and Saudi Arabia (Mills 2001). Such blooms may be facilitated by small ecological advantages conferred on the exotics by 'genotype x environment' interactions (Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001). Other exotic scyphomedusae that have had negative impacts in recent years include Phyllorhiza punctata, in the Mediterranean and Gulf of Mexico, and Cassiopea spp., in the Mediterranean and Hawai'i (Devaney &amp;amp; Eldredge 1977; Mills 2001; Graham et al. 2003; Holland et al. unpubl.). 

&lt;br&gt;Prepared by ''M.N Dawson''.&lt;br&gt; 

== Fisheries&lt;br&gt;  ==

Dried jellyfish is considered to be a delicacy in many Asian countries. Jellyfish are also purported to have beneficial medicinal properties and are traditionally used to treat ailments such as arthritis, hypertension and back pain (Hsieh et al. 2001). Jellyfish have been harvested off the coast of China for more than 1700 years (Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001) but since the 1970s the catch has been increasing, almost exponentially, and in recent years the annual world harvest has exceeded 500,000 tonnes (Fig. 1). Although traditionally confined to Asian waters, small quantities of jellyfish are also harvested by Australia, USA, UK, Namibia, Turkey and Canada (Fig. 2).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Which species are harvested? &lt;br&gt;  ====

Only jellyfish belonging to the Order Rhizostomeae are harvested for food. The rhizostomes are favoured because they are typically larger and have more rigid bodies than other scyphozoan orders. When processed, the rhizostomes produce a product that has the desirable, almost crunchy texture. Some species considered to be edible are: 

Cepheidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Cephea cephea

Catostylidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Catostylus mosaicus&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambione mastigophora&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambionella orsini&lt;br&gt;

Lobonematidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Lobonema smithi&lt;br&gt; 
*Lobonemoides gracilis&lt;br&gt;

Rhizostomatidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Rhopilema esculentum 
*Rhopilema hispidum 
*Rhizostoma pulmo

Stomolophidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Stomolophus meleagris 
*Stomolophus nomurai

(Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001)&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish caught?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish frequently occur in dense aggregations or blooms and this makes them relatively easy to harvest. Jellyfish are caught using a variety of netting techniques including dip-nets, seines and trawls (Omori 1981, Kingsford et al. 2000). In the USA, Stomolophus meleagris has been harvested using pair trawlers, shrimp trawlers, purse-seiners and &quot;tunnel&quot; boats (Rudloe 1997). Due to concerns about by-catch (i.e. catching undersize animals or other non-target species), harvesting of Catostylus mosaicus in Australia is largely limited to dip-netting since this enables fishers to selectively target large medusae and minimises incidental collection of non-target species (Kingsford et al. 2000).&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish processed?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish need to be processed within a few hours of being harvest since they spoil quickly. Jellyfish are dried using a combination of alum and salt. Drying is a step-wise process that can take between 20 and 40 days to complete (Hsieh et al. 2001). Live jellyfish consist mainly of water and the jellyfish loses approximately 90% of its weight during the drying process. Both the bell and the oral arms are utilised.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Preparation of jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish is most commonly eaten as a type of salad. The dried jellyfish is desalted and rehydrated by soaking it in water for several hours or overnight (Hsieh et al. 2001). It is then shredded or sliced into strips, mixed with various sauces, vegetables, meats (e.g. chicken) or other seafood and served cold.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Potential ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Medusae are important members of the pelagic community (Fig. 3). They are voracious predators of plankton (Purcell 1992) and they, themselves, are preyed on by fish (Ates 1988), turtles and birds (Ates 1991). Species that contain symbiotic zooxanthellae are known to actively take up inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen from seawater (Muscatine &amp;amp; Marian 1982) and such species may have a role in regulating nutrient dynamics of coastal systems. Jellyfish also provide habitat for many species of juvenile fish and some crustaceans (Kingsford 1993). Removal of large quantities of jellyfish via commercial harvesting may have negative impacts on the wider ecosystem. Much more research on the ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish is required. 

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Management of jellyfish fisheries  ===

Jellyfish are relatively short-lived (often less than a year), grow very rapidly (up to several mm per day [Kikinger 1992]) and consequently abundances of jellyfish can vary dramatically over periods of weeks to months (Pitt &amp;amp; Kingsford 2000). Although jellyfish may occur at predictable times of the year in some places (Brewer 1989), in other locations it is difficult to predict when jellyfish will appear. Many finfish fisheries are managed on a quota system, where a fixed quantity of the target species is harvested. This usually requires a basic knowledge of the abundance of the target species. Since abundances of jellyfish fluctuate greatly over time and the appearance of jellyfish is often unpredictable, alternative management strategies may be required. Examples of some of the information required to effectively manage jellyfish fisheries are:&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 

{| 
| '''Biological Information''' || '''Management Strategy'''
|- 
| Size at sexual maturity ||Set size limits to protect immature medusae
|-
|Identify areas where medusae occur || 	Close fishing in some areas to protect a proportion of the population
|-
|Locate where benthic polyps occur  ||	Protect the habitat of the polyps (e.g. prevent dredging or habitat modification) 
|-
|Identify the unit stock  ||	Protect a proportion of each stock to ensure that individual stocks are not overfished
|}


==Related Links:==

[http://www.bodybuildingrevealed.com/'''body building''']&lt;br&gt;
[http://www.merchantos.com/'''pos software''']&lt;br&gt;
[http://www.adultchatden.com/adult-web-chat.php'''Adult Web Chat''']

&lt;br&gt; Prepared by ''Kylie Pitt''.&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1092</id>
      <parentid>1088</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-11-20T21:20:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Helbanhobart</username>
        <id>25</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Related Links: */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="16205">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle  ==

[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]] 

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ===

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):  ====

[[Image:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg|frame|left|Mastigias papua]]&lt;br&gt; 

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Commensalism (beneficial-no effect):  ====

[[Image:CatostylusSymbiosis.jpg|frame|left|Juvenile fish with Catostylus mosaicus]]&lt;br&gt; 

Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other. A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish. The juvenile fish swim around the jellyfish, presumably gaining something of a safe haven from potential predators. It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Parasitism (beneficial-detrimental):  ====

[[Image:CuninaAmphi KAR.jpg|frame|right|Hyperia amphipod on the hydrozoan Cunina.]]&lt;br&gt; 

Parasitisms are symbioses in which one organism benefits at the other's expense. Examples include jellyfish that are parasitized by amphipods, such as Hydrozoa (right) and others parasitized by gooseneck barnacles. Gooseneck barnacles in the genus Alepas Rang 1829 appear to be exclusively epizooic on scyphozoans, including Diplulmaris malayensis and Cyanea sp. (below). The association is considered ectoparasitic because deep clefts in the umbrella are caused at the point of attachment (Pagès 2000) and may involve other species of gooseneck barnacle (in the genera Conchoderma, Dosima) and scyphomedusae (Cephea cephea, Cyanea nozakii, Pelagia noctiluca, Phacellophora camtchatica, Rhopilema sp.). The association in the photograph below probably has been reported previously by Tubb (1946). &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:CyaneaGooseneck.JPG|frame|left|Gooseneck barnacle on Cyanea.]]&lt;br&gt; 


== Coastal Management&lt;br&gt;  ==

==== Blooms&lt;br&gt;  ====

The term jellyfish bloom is generally applied to rapid increases in the number of jellyfish leading to dense, often locally or regionally delimited, abundances of jellyfish. &quot;True blooms&quot; occur when populations increase rapidly in size in situ, and it is useful to distinguish such occurrences from &quot;apparent blooms&quot; which result from a redistribution or redispersion of a numerically stable population (Graham et al. 2001). The public profile of jellyfish blooms has increased in recent years, probably reflecting a real global increase in occurrence or severity, although local effects may be quite the opposite (Mills 2001). The factors that contribute to the formation of blooms are probably many and complex. Their consequences can be serious. Follow the links below for case-specific information. &lt;br&gt; 

==== Introduced Species&lt;br&gt;  ====

Species introductions pose a major threat to biodiversity (Lee 2002). Jellyfish, like other coastal marine species, can be accidentally introduced as organisms growing on ship hulls or in ballast water, or released unintentionally (or intentionally) as a result of the aquarium trade and aquaculture (Holland 2000; Grosholz 2002). The scale of species introductions is bewildering. For example, the USA receives between 20 million and 80 million tonnes of ballast water per year that is laced with an average of one billion bacteria per litre from foreign ports (Ruiz et al. 2000; ANS). The numbers are smaller for larger organisms, and only a subset become established, but the numbers are still impressive. At least 287 introduced, or 'exotic', marine species have become established in Hawai'i (Eldredge &amp;amp; Carlton 2002), between 212-335 in San Francisco Bay (USGS), and 120 in the Chesapeake Bay (ANS). Moreover, their effect is disproportionately large. Over 15% of exotic species cause serious harm, exotic species negatively impact at least 42% of endangered species, and the cost associated with major exotic species in the USA alone is on the order of US$100 billion per year (Lee 2002; ANS). 

&lt;br&gt; 

Causative links between introduced species of jellyfish (scyphozoans, hydrozoans, ctenophores), increases in the occurrence or severity of jellyfish blooms, and decreases in the abundance of endemic gelatinous zooplankton can still be somewhat obscure (Mills 2001). This may be due in part to the existence of 'cryptogenic' species, i.e. species whose endemic or exotic status is unclear (Carlton 1996; Mills 2001) and in part to difficulties in ascribing causal relationships when other influences such as eutrophication are also important (Mills 2001). However, several candidates are likely to be nuisance exotic scyphozoans. For example, Rhopilema nomadica was first recorded in the eastern Mediterranean in 1976, and has since become abundant off Israel each summer; it is hazardous to bathers and fishermen due to its sting and may also clog fishing nets. Presumably exotic Aurelia sp. have clogged seawater intakes and shut-down power plants in Australia, the Baltic region, India, Korea, Philippines, and Saudi Arabia (Mills 2001). Such blooms may be facilitated by small ecological advantages conferred on the exotics by 'genotype x environment' interactions (Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001). Other exotic scyphomedusae that have had negative impacts in recent years include Phyllorhiza punctata, in the Mediterranean and Gulf of Mexico, and Cassiopea spp., in the Mediterranean and Hawai'i (Devaney &amp;amp; Eldredge 1977; Mills 2001; Graham et al. 2003; Holland et al. unpubl.). 

&lt;br&gt;Prepared by ''M.N Dawson''.&lt;br&gt; 

== Fisheries&lt;br&gt;  ==

Dried jellyfish is considered to be a delicacy in many Asian countries. Jellyfish are also purported to have beneficial medicinal properties and are traditionally used to treat ailments such as arthritis, hypertension and back pain (Hsieh et al. 2001). Jellyfish have been harvested off the coast of China for more than 1700 years (Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001) but since the 1970s the catch has been increasing, almost exponentially, and in recent years the annual world harvest has exceeded 500,000 tonnes (Fig. 1). Although traditionally confined to Asian waters, small quantities of jellyfish are also harvested by Australia, USA, UK, Namibia, Turkey and Canada (Fig. 2).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Which species are harvested? &lt;br&gt;  ====

Only jellyfish belonging to the Order Rhizostomeae are harvested for food. The rhizostomes are favoured because they are typically larger and have more rigid bodies than other scyphozoan orders. When processed, the rhizostomes produce a product that has the desirable, almost crunchy texture. Some species considered to be edible are: 

Cepheidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Cephea cephea

Catostylidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Catostylus mosaicus&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambione mastigophora&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambionella orsini&lt;br&gt;

Lobonematidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Lobonema smithi&lt;br&gt; 
*Lobonemoides gracilis&lt;br&gt;

Rhizostomatidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Rhopilema esculentum 
*Rhopilema hispidum 
*Rhizostoma pulmo

Stomolophidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Stomolophus meleagris 
*Stomolophus nomurai

(Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001)&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish caught?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish frequently occur in dense aggregations or blooms and this makes them relatively easy to harvest. Jellyfish are caught using a variety of netting techniques including dip-nets, seines and trawls (Omori 1981, Kingsford et al. 2000). In the USA, Stomolophus meleagris has been harvested using pair trawlers, shrimp trawlers, purse-seiners and &quot;tunnel&quot; boats (Rudloe 1997). Due to concerns about by-catch (i.e. catching undersize animals or other non-target species), harvesting of Catostylus mosaicus in Australia is largely limited to dip-netting since this enables fishers to selectively target large medusae and minimises incidental collection of non-target species (Kingsford et al. 2000).&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish processed?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish need to be processed within a few hours of being harvest since they spoil quickly. Jellyfish are dried using a combination of alum and salt. Drying is a step-wise process that can take between 20 and 40 days to complete (Hsieh et al. 2001). Live jellyfish consist mainly of water and the jellyfish loses approximately 90% of its weight during the drying process. Both the bell and the oral arms are utilised.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Preparation of jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish is most commonly eaten as a type of salad. The dried jellyfish is desalted and rehydrated by soaking it in water for several hours or overnight (Hsieh et al. 2001). It is then shredded or sliced into strips, mixed with various sauces, vegetables, meats (e.g. chicken) or other seafood and served cold.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Potential ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Medusae are important members of the pelagic community (Fig. 3). They are voracious predators of plankton (Purcell 1992) and they, themselves, are preyed on by fish (Ates 1988), turtles and birds (Ates 1991). Species that contain symbiotic zooxanthellae are known to actively take up inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen from seawater (Muscatine &amp;amp; Marian 1982) and such species may have a role in regulating nutrient dynamics of coastal systems. Jellyfish also provide habitat for many species of juvenile fish and some crustaceans (Kingsford 1993). Removal of large quantities of jellyfish via commercial harvesting may have negative impacts on the wider ecosystem. Much more research on the ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish is required. 

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Management of jellyfish fisheries  ===

Jellyfish are relatively short-lived (often less than a year), grow very rapidly (up to several mm per day [Kikinger 1992]) and consequently abundances of jellyfish can vary dramatically over periods of weeks to months (Pitt &amp;amp; Kingsford 2000). Although jellyfish may occur at predictable times of the year in some places (Brewer 1989), in other locations it is difficult to predict when jellyfish will appear. Many finfish fisheries are managed on a quota system, where a fixed quantity of the target species is harvested. This usually requires a basic knowledge of the abundance of the target species. Since abundances of jellyfish fluctuate greatly over time and the appearance of jellyfish is often unpredictable, alternative management strategies may be required. Examples of some of the information required to effectively manage jellyfish fisheries are:&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 

{| 
| '''Biological Information''' || '''Management Strategy'''
|- 
| Size at sexual maturity ||Set size limits to protect immature medusae
|-
|Identify areas where medusae occur || 	Close fishing in some areas to protect a proportion of the population
|-
|Locate where benthic polyps occur  ||	Protect the habitat of the polyps (e.g. prevent dredging or habitat modification) 
|-
|Identify the unit stock  ||	Protect a proportion of each stock to ensure that individual stocks are not overfished
|}


==Related Links:==

[http://www.bodybuildingrevealed.com/'''body building''']&lt;br&gt;
[http://nofaxpayday-loans.com/'''no fax payday loans''']&lt;br&gt;
[http://www.merchantos.com/'''pos software''']&lt;br&gt;
[http://mafiawarstopsecret.blogspot.com/'''mafia wars''']&lt;br&gt;
[http://www.adultchatden.com/adult-web-chat.php'''Adult Web Chat''']
[http://www.divxfullmovies.com/'''divx movies''']&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; Prepared by ''Kylie Pitt''.&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1147</id>
      <parentid>1092</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:13:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+category</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="16227">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle  ==

[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]] 

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ===

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):  ====

[[Image:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg|frame|left|Mastigias papua]]&lt;br&gt; 

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Commensalism (beneficial-no effect):  ====

[[Image:CatostylusSymbiosis.jpg|frame|left|Juvenile fish with Catostylus mosaicus]]&lt;br&gt; 

Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other. A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish. The juvenile fish swim around the jellyfish, presumably gaining something of a safe haven from potential predators. It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Parasitism (beneficial-detrimental):  ====

[[Image:CuninaAmphi KAR.jpg|frame|right|Hyperia amphipod on the hydrozoan Cunina.]]&lt;br&gt; 

Parasitisms are symbioses in which one organism benefits at the other's expense. Examples include jellyfish that are parasitized by amphipods, such as Hydrozoa (right) and others parasitized by gooseneck barnacles. Gooseneck barnacles in the genus Alepas Rang 1829 appear to be exclusively epizooic on scyphozoans, including Diplulmaris malayensis and Cyanea sp. (below). The association is considered ectoparasitic because deep clefts in the umbrella are caused at the point of attachment (Pagès 2000) and may involve other species of gooseneck barnacle (in the genera Conchoderma, Dosima) and scyphomedusae (Cephea cephea, Cyanea nozakii, Pelagia noctiluca, Phacellophora camtchatica, Rhopilema sp.). The association in the photograph below probably has been reported previously by Tubb (1946). &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:CyaneaGooseneck.JPG|frame|left|Gooseneck barnacle on Cyanea.]]&lt;br&gt; 


== Coastal Management&lt;br&gt;  ==

==== Blooms&lt;br&gt;  ====

The term jellyfish bloom is generally applied to rapid increases in the number of jellyfish leading to dense, often locally or regionally delimited, abundances of jellyfish. &quot;True blooms&quot; occur when populations increase rapidly in size in situ, and it is useful to distinguish such occurrences from &quot;apparent blooms&quot; which result from a redistribution or redispersion of a numerically stable population (Graham et al. 2001). The public profile of jellyfish blooms has increased in recent years, probably reflecting a real global increase in occurrence or severity, although local effects may be quite the opposite (Mills 2001). The factors that contribute to the formation of blooms are probably many and complex. Their consequences can be serious. Follow the links below for case-specific information. &lt;br&gt; 

==== Introduced Species&lt;br&gt;  ====

Species introductions pose a major threat to biodiversity (Lee 2002). Jellyfish, like other coastal marine species, can be accidentally introduced as organisms growing on ship hulls or in ballast water, or released unintentionally (or intentionally) as a result of the aquarium trade and aquaculture (Holland 2000; Grosholz 2002). The scale of species introductions is bewildering. For example, the USA receives between 20 million and 80 million tonnes of ballast water per year that is laced with an average of one billion bacteria per litre from foreign ports (Ruiz et al. 2000; ANS). The numbers are smaller for larger organisms, and only a subset become established, but the numbers are still impressive. At least 287 introduced, or 'exotic', marine species have become established in Hawai'i (Eldredge &amp;amp; Carlton 2002), between 212-335 in San Francisco Bay (USGS), and 120 in the Chesapeake Bay (ANS). Moreover, their effect is disproportionately large. Over 15% of exotic species cause serious harm, exotic species negatively impact at least 42% of endangered species, and the cost associated with major exotic species in the USA alone is on the order of US$100 billion per year (Lee 2002; ANS). 

&lt;br&gt; 

Causative links between introduced species of jellyfish (scyphozoans, hydrozoans, ctenophores), increases in the occurrence or severity of jellyfish blooms, and decreases in the abundance of endemic gelatinous zooplankton can still be somewhat obscure (Mills 2001). This may be due in part to the existence of 'cryptogenic' species, i.e. species whose endemic or exotic status is unclear (Carlton 1996; Mills 2001) and in part to difficulties in ascribing causal relationships when other influences such as eutrophication are also important (Mills 2001). However, several candidates are likely to be nuisance exotic scyphozoans. For example, Rhopilema nomadica was first recorded in the eastern Mediterranean in 1976, and has since become abundant off Israel each summer; it is hazardous to bathers and fishermen due to its sting and may also clog fishing nets. Presumably exotic Aurelia sp. have clogged seawater intakes and shut-down power plants in Australia, the Baltic region, India, Korea, Philippines, and Saudi Arabia (Mills 2001). Such blooms may be facilitated by small ecological advantages conferred on the exotics by 'genotype x environment' interactions (Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001). Other exotic scyphomedusae that have had negative impacts in recent years include Phyllorhiza punctata, in the Mediterranean and Gulf of Mexico, and Cassiopea spp., in the Mediterranean and Hawai'i (Devaney &amp;amp; Eldredge 1977; Mills 2001; Graham et al. 2003; Holland et al. unpubl.). 

&lt;br&gt;Prepared by ''M.N Dawson''.&lt;br&gt; 

== Fisheries&lt;br&gt;  ==

Dried jellyfish is considered to be a delicacy in many Asian countries. Jellyfish are also purported to have beneficial medicinal properties and are traditionally used to treat ailments such as arthritis, hypertension and back pain (Hsieh et al. 2001). Jellyfish have been harvested off the coast of China for more than 1700 years (Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001) but since the 1970s the catch has been increasing, almost exponentially, and in recent years the annual world harvest has exceeded 500,000 tonnes (Fig. 1). Although traditionally confined to Asian waters, small quantities of jellyfish are also harvested by Australia, USA, UK, Namibia, Turkey and Canada (Fig. 2).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Which species are harvested? &lt;br&gt;  ====

Only jellyfish belonging to the Order Rhizostomeae are harvested for food. The rhizostomes are favoured because they are typically larger and have more rigid bodies than other scyphozoan orders. When processed, the rhizostomes produce a product that has the desirable, almost crunchy texture. Some species considered to be edible are: 

Cepheidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Cephea cephea

Catostylidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Catostylus mosaicus&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambione mastigophora&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambionella orsini&lt;br&gt;

Lobonematidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Lobonema smithi&lt;br&gt; 
*Lobonemoides gracilis&lt;br&gt;

Rhizostomatidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Rhopilema esculentum 
*Rhopilema hispidum 
*Rhizostoma pulmo

Stomolophidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Stomolophus meleagris 
*Stomolophus nomurai

(Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001)&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish caught?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish frequently occur in dense aggregations or blooms and this makes them relatively easy to harvest. Jellyfish are caught using a variety of netting techniques including dip-nets, seines and trawls (Omori 1981, Kingsford et al. 2000). In the USA, Stomolophus meleagris has been harvested using pair trawlers, shrimp trawlers, purse-seiners and &quot;tunnel&quot; boats (Rudloe 1997). Due to concerns about by-catch (i.e. catching undersize animals or other non-target species), harvesting of Catostylus mosaicus in Australia is largely limited to dip-netting since this enables fishers to selectively target large medusae and minimises incidental collection of non-target species (Kingsford et al. 2000).&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish processed?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish need to be processed within a few hours of being harvest since they spoil quickly. Jellyfish are dried using a combination of alum and salt. Drying is a step-wise process that can take between 20 and 40 days to complete (Hsieh et al. 2001). Live jellyfish consist mainly of water and the jellyfish loses approximately 90% of its weight during the drying process. Both the bell and the oral arms are utilised.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Preparation of jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish is most commonly eaten as a type of salad. The dried jellyfish is desalted and rehydrated by soaking it in water for several hours or overnight (Hsieh et al. 2001). It is then shredded or sliced into strips, mixed with various sauces, vegetables, meats (e.g. chicken) or other seafood and served cold.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Potential ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Medusae are important members of the pelagic community (Fig. 3). They are voracious predators of plankton (Purcell 1992) and they, themselves, are preyed on by fish (Ates 1988), turtles and birds (Ates 1991). Species that contain symbiotic zooxanthellae are known to actively take up inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen from seawater (Muscatine &amp;amp; Marian 1982) and such species may have a role in regulating nutrient dynamics of coastal systems. Jellyfish also provide habitat for many species of juvenile fish and some crustaceans (Kingsford 1993). Removal of large quantities of jellyfish via commercial harvesting may have negative impacts on the wider ecosystem. Much more research on the ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish is required. 

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Management of jellyfish fisheries  ===

Jellyfish are relatively short-lived (often less than a year), grow very rapidly (up to several mm per day [Kikinger 1992]) and consequently abundances of jellyfish can vary dramatically over periods of weeks to months (Pitt &amp;amp; Kingsford 2000). Although jellyfish may occur at predictable times of the year in some places (Brewer 1989), in other locations it is difficult to predict when jellyfish will appear. Many finfish fisheries are managed on a quota system, where a fixed quantity of the target species is harvested. This usually requires a basic knowledge of the abundance of the target species. Since abundances of jellyfish fluctuate greatly over time and the appearance of jellyfish is often unpredictable, alternative management strategies may be required. Examples of some of the information required to effectively manage jellyfish fisheries are:&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 

{| 
| '''Biological Information''' || '''Management Strategy'''
|- 
| Size at sexual maturity ||Set size limits to protect immature medusae
|-
|Identify areas where medusae occur || 	Close fishing in some areas to protect a proportion of the population
|-
|Locate where benthic polyps occur  ||	Protect the habitat of the polyps (e.g. prevent dredging or habitat modification) 
|-
|Identify the unit stock  ||	Protect a proportion of each stock to ensure that individual stocks are not overfished
|}


==Related Links:==

[http://www.bodybuildingrevealed.com/'''body building''']&lt;br&gt;
[http://nofaxpayday-loans.com/'''no fax payday loans''']&lt;br&gt;
[http://www.merchantos.com/'''pos software''']&lt;br&gt;
[http://mafiawarstopsecret.blogspot.com/'''mafia wars''']&lt;br&gt;
[http://www.adultchatden.com/adult-web-chat.php'''Adult Web Chat''']
[http://www.divxfullmovies.com/'''divx movies''']&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; Prepared by ''Kylie Pitt''.&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Ecology]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1149</id>
      <parentid>1147</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:13:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+categorization key</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="16229">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle  ==

[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]] 

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ===

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):  ====

[[Image:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg|frame|left|Mastigias papua]]&lt;br&gt; 

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Commensalism (beneficial-no effect):  ====

[[Image:CatostylusSymbiosis.jpg|frame|left|Juvenile fish with Catostylus mosaicus]]&lt;br&gt; 

Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other. A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish. The juvenile fish swim around the jellyfish, presumably gaining something of a safe haven from potential predators. It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Parasitism (beneficial-detrimental):  ====

[[Image:CuninaAmphi KAR.jpg|frame|right|Hyperia amphipod on the hydrozoan Cunina.]]&lt;br&gt; 

Parasitisms are symbioses in which one organism benefits at the other's expense. Examples include jellyfish that are parasitized by amphipods, such as Hydrozoa (right) and others parasitized by gooseneck barnacles. Gooseneck barnacles in the genus Alepas Rang 1829 appear to be exclusively epizooic on scyphozoans, including Diplulmaris malayensis and Cyanea sp. (below). The association is considered ectoparasitic because deep clefts in the umbrella are caused at the point of attachment (Pagès 2000) and may involve other species of gooseneck barnacle (in the genera Conchoderma, Dosima) and scyphomedusae (Cephea cephea, Cyanea nozakii, Pelagia noctiluca, Phacellophora camtchatica, Rhopilema sp.). The association in the photograph below probably has been reported previously by Tubb (1946). &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:CyaneaGooseneck.JPG|frame|left|Gooseneck barnacle on Cyanea.]]&lt;br&gt; 


== Coastal Management&lt;br&gt;  ==

==== Blooms&lt;br&gt;  ====

The term jellyfish bloom is generally applied to rapid increases in the number of jellyfish leading to dense, often locally or regionally delimited, abundances of jellyfish. &quot;True blooms&quot; occur when populations increase rapidly in size in situ, and it is useful to distinguish such occurrences from &quot;apparent blooms&quot; which result from a redistribution or redispersion of a numerically stable population (Graham et al. 2001). The public profile of jellyfish blooms has increased in recent years, probably reflecting a real global increase in occurrence or severity, although local effects may be quite the opposite (Mills 2001). The factors that contribute to the formation of blooms are probably many and complex. Their consequences can be serious. Follow the links below for case-specific information. &lt;br&gt; 

==== Introduced Species&lt;br&gt;  ====

Species introductions pose a major threat to biodiversity (Lee 2002). Jellyfish, like other coastal marine species, can be accidentally introduced as organisms growing on ship hulls or in ballast water, or released unintentionally (or intentionally) as a result of the aquarium trade and aquaculture (Holland 2000; Grosholz 2002). The scale of species introductions is bewildering. For example, the USA receives between 20 million and 80 million tonnes of ballast water per year that is laced with an average of one billion bacteria per litre from foreign ports (Ruiz et al. 2000; ANS). The numbers are smaller for larger organisms, and only a subset become established, but the numbers are still impressive. At least 287 introduced, or 'exotic', marine species have become established in Hawai'i (Eldredge &amp;amp; Carlton 2002), between 212-335 in San Francisco Bay (USGS), and 120 in the Chesapeake Bay (ANS). Moreover, their effect is disproportionately large. Over 15% of exotic species cause serious harm, exotic species negatively impact at least 42% of endangered species, and the cost associated with major exotic species in the USA alone is on the order of US$100 billion per year (Lee 2002; ANS). 

&lt;br&gt; 

Causative links between introduced species of jellyfish (scyphozoans, hydrozoans, ctenophores), increases in the occurrence or severity of jellyfish blooms, and decreases in the abundance of endemic gelatinous zooplankton can still be somewhat obscure (Mills 2001). This may be due in part to the existence of 'cryptogenic' species, i.e. species whose endemic or exotic status is unclear (Carlton 1996; Mills 2001) and in part to difficulties in ascribing causal relationships when other influences such as eutrophication are also important (Mills 2001). However, several candidates are likely to be nuisance exotic scyphozoans. For example, Rhopilema nomadica was first recorded in the eastern Mediterranean in 1976, and has since become abundant off Israel each summer; it is hazardous to bathers and fishermen due to its sting and may also clog fishing nets. Presumably exotic Aurelia sp. have clogged seawater intakes and shut-down power plants in Australia, the Baltic region, India, Korea, Philippines, and Saudi Arabia (Mills 2001). Such blooms may be facilitated by small ecological advantages conferred on the exotics by 'genotype x environment' interactions (Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001). Other exotic scyphomedusae that have had negative impacts in recent years include Phyllorhiza punctata, in the Mediterranean and Gulf of Mexico, and Cassiopea spp., in the Mediterranean and Hawai'i (Devaney &amp;amp; Eldredge 1977; Mills 2001; Graham et al. 2003; Holland et al. unpubl.). 

&lt;br&gt;Prepared by ''M.N Dawson''.&lt;br&gt; 

== Fisheries&lt;br&gt;  ==

Dried jellyfish is considered to be a delicacy in many Asian countries. Jellyfish are also purported to have beneficial medicinal properties and are traditionally used to treat ailments such as arthritis, hypertension and back pain (Hsieh et al. 2001). Jellyfish have been harvested off the coast of China for more than 1700 years (Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001) but since the 1970s the catch has been increasing, almost exponentially, and in recent years the annual world harvest has exceeded 500,000 tonnes (Fig. 1). Although traditionally confined to Asian waters, small quantities of jellyfish are also harvested by Australia, USA, UK, Namibia, Turkey and Canada (Fig. 2).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Which species are harvested? &lt;br&gt;  ====

Only jellyfish belonging to the Order Rhizostomeae are harvested for food. The rhizostomes are favoured because they are typically larger and have more rigid bodies than other scyphozoan orders. When processed, the rhizostomes produce a product that has the desirable, almost crunchy texture. Some species considered to be edible are: 

Cepheidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Cephea cephea

Catostylidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Catostylus mosaicus&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambione mastigophora&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambionella orsini&lt;br&gt;

Lobonematidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Lobonema smithi&lt;br&gt; 
*Lobonemoides gracilis&lt;br&gt;

Rhizostomatidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Rhopilema esculentum 
*Rhopilema hispidum 
*Rhizostoma pulmo

Stomolophidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Stomolophus meleagris 
*Stomolophus nomurai

(Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001)&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish caught?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish frequently occur in dense aggregations or blooms and this makes them relatively easy to harvest. Jellyfish are caught using a variety of netting techniques including dip-nets, seines and trawls (Omori 1981, Kingsford et al. 2000). In the USA, Stomolophus meleagris has been harvested using pair trawlers, shrimp trawlers, purse-seiners and &quot;tunnel&quot; boats (Rudloe 1997). Due to concerns about by-catch (i.e. catching undersize animals or other non-target species), harvesting of Catostylus mosaicus in Australia is largely limited to dip-netting since this enables fishers to selectively target large medusae and minimises incidental collection of non-target species (Kingsford et al. 2000).&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish processed?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish need to be processed within a few hours of being harvest since they spoil quickly. Jellyfish are dried using a combination of alum and salt. Drying is a step-wise process that can take between 20 and 40 days to complete (Hsieh et al. 2001). Live jellyfish consist mainly of water and the jellyfish loses approximately 90% of its weight during the drying process. Both the bell and the oral arms are utilised.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Preparation of jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish is most commonly eaten as a type of salad. The dried jellyfish is desalted and rehydrated by soaking it in water for several hours or overnight (Hsieh et al. 2001). It is then shredded or sliced into strips, mixed with various sauces, vegetables, meats (e.g. chicken) or other seafood and served cold.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Potential ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Medusae are important members of the pelagic community (Fig. 3). They are voracious predators of plankton (Purcell 1992) and they, themselves, are preyed on by fish (Ates 1988), turtles and birds (Ates 1991). Species that contain symbiotic zooxanthellae are known to actively take up inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen from seawater (Muscatine &amp;amp; Marian 1982) and such species may have a role in regulating nutrient dynamics of coastal systems. Jellyfish also provide habitat for many species of juvenile fish and some crustaceans (Kingsford 1993). Removal of large quantities of jellyfish via commercial harvesting may have negative impacts on the wider ecosystem. Much more research on the ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish is required. 

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Management of jellyfish fisheries  ===

Jellyfish are relatively short-lived (often less than a year), grow very rapidly (up to several mm per day [Kikinger 1992]) and consequently abundances of jellyfish can vary dramatically over periods of weeks to months (Pitt &amp;amp; Kingsford 2000). Although jellyfish may occur at predictable times of the year in some places (Brewer 1989), in other locations it is difficult to predict when jellyfish will appear. Many finfish fisheries are managed on a quota system, where a fixed quantity of the target species is harvested. This usually requires a basic knowledge of the abundance of the target species. Since abundances of jellyfish fluctuate greatly over time and the appearance of jellyfish is often unpredictable, alternative management strategies may be required. Examples of some of the information required to effectively manage jellyfish fisheries are:&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 

{| 
| '''Biological Information''' || '''Management Strategy'''
|- 
| Size at sexual maturity ||Set size limits to protect immature medusae
|-
|Identify areas where medusae occur || 	Close fishing in some areas to protect a proportion of the population
|-
|Locate where benthic polyps occur  ||	Protect the habitat of the polyps (e.g. prevent dredging or habitat modification) 
|-
|Identify the unit stock  ||	Protect a proportion of each stock to ensure that individual stocks are not overfished
|}


==Related Links:==

[http://www.bodybuildingrevealed.com/'''body building''']&lt;br&gt;
[http://nofaxpayday-loans.com/'''no fax payday loans''']&lt;br&gt;
[http://www.merchantos.com/'''pos software''']&lt;br&gt;
[http://mafiawarstopsecret.blogspot.com/'''mafia wars''']&lt;br&gt;
[http://www.adultchatden.com/adult-web-chat.php'''Adult Web Chat''']
[http://www.divxfullmovies.com/'''divx movies''']&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; Prepared by ''Kylie Pitt''.&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Ecology| ]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1198</id>
      <parentid>1149</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-02-09T12:08:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Capatana</username>
        <id>28</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="16270">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle  ==

[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]] 

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ===

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):  ====

[[Image:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg|frame|left|Mastigias papua]]&lt;br&gt; 

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Commensalism (beneficial-no effect):  ====

[[Image:CatostylusSymbiosis.jpg|frame|left|Juvenile fish with Catostylus mosaicus]]&lt;br&gt; 

Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other. A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish. The juvenile fish swim around the jellyfish, presumably gaining something of a safe haven from potential predators. It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Parasitism (beneficial-detrimental):  ====

[[Image:CuninaAmphi KAR.jpg|frame|right|Hyperia amphipod on the hydrozoan Cunina.]]&lt;br&gt; 

Parasitisms are symbioses in which one organism benefits at the other's expense. Examples include jellyfish that are parasitized by amphipods, such as Hydrozoa (right) and others parasitized by gooseneck barnacles. Gooseneck barnacles in the genus Alepas Rang 1829 appear to be exclusively epizooic on scyphozoans, including Diplulmaris malayensis and Cyanea sp. (below). The association is considered ectoparasitic because deep clefts in the umbrella are caused at the point of attachment (Pagès 2000) and may involve other species of gooseneck barnacle (in the genera Conchoderma, Dosima) and scyphomedusae (Cephea cephea, Cyanea nozakii, Pelagia noctiluca, Phacellophora camtchatica, Rhopilema sp.). The association in the photograph below probably has been reported previously by Tubb (1946). &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:CyaneaGooseneck.JPG|frame|left|Gooseneck barnacle on Cyanea.]]&lt;br&gt; 


== Coastal Management&lt;br&gt;  ==

==== Blooms&lt;br&gt;  ====

The term jellyfish bloom is generally applied to rapid increases in the number of jellyfish leading to dense, often locally or regionally delimited, abundances of jellyfish. &quot;True blooms&quot; occur when populations increase rapidly in size in situ, and it is useful to distinguish such occurrences from &quot;apparent blooms&quot; which result from a redistribution or redispersion of a numerically stable population (Graham et al. 2001). The public profile of jellyfish blooms has increased in recent years, probably reflecting a real global increase in occurrence or severity, although local effects may be quite the opposite (Mills 2001). The factors that contribute to the formation of blooms are probably many and complex. Their consequences can be serious. Follow the links below for case-specific information. &lt;br&gt; 

==== Introduced Species&lt;br&gt;  ====

Species introductions pose a major threat to biodiversity (Lee 2002). Jellyfish, like other coastal marine species, can be accidentally introduced as organisms growing on ship hulls or in ballast water, or released unintentionally (or intentionally) as a result of the aquarium trade and aquaculture (Holland 2000; Grosholz 2002). The scale of species introductions is bewildering. For example, the USA receives between 20 million and 80 million tonnes of ballast water per year that is laced with an average of one billion bacteria per litre from foreign ports (Ruiz et al. 2000; ANS). The numbers are smaller for larger organisms, and only a subset become established, but the numbers are still impressive. At least 287 introduced, or 'exotic', marine species have become established in Hawai'i (Eldredge &amp;amp; Carlton 2002), between 212-335 in San Francisco Bay (USGS), and 120 in the Chesapeake Bay (ANS). Moreover, their effect is disproportionately large. Over 15% of exotic species cause serious harm, exotic species negatively impact at least 42% of endangered species, and the cost associated with major exotic species in the USA alone is on the order of US$100 billion per year (Lee 2002; ANS). 

&lt;br&gt; 

Causative links between introduced species of jellyfish (scyphozoans, hydrozoans, ctenophores), increases in the occurrence or severity of jellyfish blooms, and decreases in the abundance of endemic gelatinous zooplankton can still be somewhat obscure (Mills 2001). This may be due in part to the existence of 'cryptogenic' species, i.e. species whose endemic or exotic status is unclear (Carlton 1996; Mills 2001) and in part to difficulties in ascribing causal relationships when other influences such as eutrophication are also important (Mills 2001). However, several candidates are likely to be nuisance exotic scyphozoans. For example, Rhopilema nomadica was first recorded in the eastern Mediterranean in 1976, and has since become abundant off Israel each summer; it is hazardous to bathers and fishermen due to its sting and may also clog fishing nets. Presumably exotic Aurelia sp. have clogged seawater intakes and shut-down power plants in Australia, the Baltic region, India, Korea, Philippines, and Saudi Arabia (Mills 2001). Such blooms may be facilitated by small ecological advantages conferred on the exotics by 'genotype x environment' interactions (Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001). Other exotic scyphomedusae that have had negative impacts in recent years include Phyllorhiza punctata, in the Mediterranean and Gulf of Mexico, and Cassiopea spp., in the Mediterranean and Hawai'i (Devaney &amp;amp; Eldredge 1977; Mills 2001; Graham et al. 2003; Holland et al. unpubl.). 

&lt;br&gt;Prepared by ''M.N Dawson''.&lt;br&gt; 

== Fisheries&lt;br&gt;  ==

Dried jellyfish is considered to be a delicacy in many Asian countries. Jellyfish are also purported to have beneficial medicinal properties and are traditionally used to treat ailments such as arthritis, hypertension and back pain (Hsieh et al. 2001). Jellyfish have been harvested off the coast of China for more than 1700 years (Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001) but since the 1970s the catch has been increasing, almost exponentially, and in recent years the annual world harvest has exceeded 500,000 tonnes (Fig. 1). Although traditionally confined to Asian waters, small quantities of jellyfish are also harvested by Australia, USA, UK, Namibia, Turkey and Canada (Fig. 2).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Which species are harvested? &lt;br&gt;  ====

Only jellyfish belonging to the Order Rhizostomeae are harvested for food. The rhizostomes are favoured because they are typically larger and have more rigid bodies than other scyphozoan orders. When processed, the rhizostomes produce a product that has the desirable, almost crunchy texture. Some species considered to be edible are: 

Cepheidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Cephea cephea

Catostylidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Catostylus mosaicus&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambione mastigophora&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambionella orsini&lt;br&gt;

Lobonematidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Lobonema smithi&lt;br&gt; 
*Lobonemoides gracilis&lt;br&gt;

Rhizostomatidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Rhopilema esculentum 
*Rhopilema hispidum 
*Rhizostoma pulmo

Stomolophidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Stomolophus meleagris 
*Stomolophus nomurai

(Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001)&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish caught?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish frequently occur in dense aggregations or blooms and this makes them relatively easy to harvest. Jellyfish are caught using a variety of netting techniques including dip-nets, seines and trawls (Omori 1981, Kingsford et al. 2000). In the USA, Stomolophus meleagris has been harvested using pair trawlers, shrimp trawlers, purse-seiners and &quot;tunnel&quot; boats (Rudloe 1997). Due to concerns about by-catch (i.e. catching undersize animals or other non-target species), harvesting of Catostylus mosaicus in Australia is largely limited to dip-netting since this enables fishers to selectively target large medusae and minimises incidental collection of non-target species (Kingsford et al. 2000).&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish processed?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish need to be processed within a few hours of being harvest since they spoil quickly. Jellyfish are dried using a combination of alum and salt. Drying is a step-wise process that can take between 20 and 40 days to complete (Hsieh et al. 2001). Live jellyfish consist mainly of water and the jellyfish loses approximately 90% of its weight during the drying process. Both the bell and the oral arms are utilised.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Preparation of jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish is most commonly eaten as a type of salad. The dried jellyfish is desalted and rehydrated by soaking it in water for several hours or overnight (Hsieh et al. 2001). It is then shredded or sliced into strips, mixed with various sauces, vegetables, meats (e.g. chicken) or other seafood and served cold.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Potential ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Medusae are important members of the pelagic community (Fig. 3). They are voracious predators of plankton (Purcell 1992) and they, themselves, are preyed on by fish (Ates 1988), turtles and birds (Ates 1991). Species that contain symbiotic zooxanthellae are known to actively take up inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen from seawater (Muscatine &amp;amp; Marian 1982) and such species may have a role in regulating nutrient dynamics of coastal systems. Jellyfish also provide habitat for many species of juvenile fish and some crustaceans (Kingsford 1993). Removal of large quantities of jellyfish via commercial harvesting may have negative impacts on the wider ecosystem. Much more research on the ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish is required. 

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Management of jellyfish fisheries  ===

Jellyfish are relatively short-lived (often less than a year), grow very rapidly (up to several mm per day [Kikinger 1992]) and consequently abundances of jellyfish can vary dramatically over periods of weeks to months (Pitt &amp;amp; Kingsford 2000). Although jellyfish may occur at predictable times of the year in some places (Brewer 1989), in other locations it is difficult to predict when jellyfish will appear. Many finfish fisheries are managed on a quota system, where a fixed quantity of the target species is harvested. This usually requires a basic knowledge of the abundance of the target species. Since abundances of jellyfish fluctuate greatly over time and the appearance of jellyfish is often unpredictable, alternative management strategies may be required. Examples of some of the information required to effectively manage jellyfish fisheries are:&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 

{| 
| '''Biological Information''' || '''Management Strategy'''
|- 
| Size at sexual maturity ||Set size limits to protect immature medusae
|-
|Identify areas where medusae occur || 	Close fishing in some areas to protect a proportion of the population
|-
|Locate where benthic polyps occur  ||	Protect the habitat of the polyps (e.g. prevent dredging or habitat modification) 
|-
|Identify the unit stock  ||	Protect a proportion of each stock to ensure that individual stocks are not overfished
|}


==Related Links:==

[http://www.bodybuildingrevealed.com/'''body building''']&lt;br&gt;
[http://nofaxpayday-loans.com/'''no fax payday loans''']&lt;br&gt;
[http://www.merchantos.com/'''pos software''']&lt;br&gt;
[http://mafiawarstopsecret.blogspot.com/'''mafia wars''']&lt;br&gt;
[http://www.adultchatden.com/adult-web-chat.php'''Adult Web Chat''']
[http://www.divxfullmovies.com/'''divx movies''']&lt;br&gt;
[http://rakeback.pokerplus.ro/'''link''']
&lt;br&gt; Prepared by ''Kylie Pitt''.&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Ecology| ]]</text>
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      <comment>/* Related Links: */ -spam</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="15846">&quot;The science of the economy of animals and plants; that branch of biology which deals with the relations of living organisms to their surroundings, their habits and modes of life, etc.&quot; 

Modified from the Greek &quot;oikos&quot; meaning &quot;house&quot; or &quot;dwelling&quot; (Oxford English Dictionary).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Life Cycle  ==

[[Image:AureliaLH.jpg|frame|right|574x345px|Aurelia Life Cycle]] 

Most scyphozoan jellyfishes—including most of the large jellyfish with which many people are familiar—have a two part life cycle: free-swimming medusa and bottom-dwelling polyp (although there are notable exceptions such as with Stauromedusae). The free-swimming medusa (the part we call &quot;a jellyfish&quot;) is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae). The planula swims through the water to find a suitable place to settle, i.e. attach itself to a surface. In the marine lakes, Mastigias planulae settle on the surface (typically the sides or underneath) of rocks, rotting logs, and decaying leaves that accumulate around the lake's side in the poorly oxygenated (but not anoxic) waters at intermediate depths. The planula metamorphoses into a sessile (i.e. fixed-position), usually benthic (i.e. bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa. The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away. Depending on the species, a single polyp may produce one or many ephyrae all at once, over a period of time, or at different intervals. The ephyra subsequently develops into a mature medusa over a period of weeks to months. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are two commonly used definitions of symbiosis (from the Greek syn = together, bio = life) which differ in biologically relevant ways that can be confusing if not clarified beforehand (Wilkinson 2001). The first definition is the more broad, encompassing all close long-term associations between different [species of] organisms (sensu de Bary 1879). The second is more specific, referring only to those close long-term associations that are beneficial to both, or all, of the organisms involved (e.g. Woodhead 1915, cited by Wilkinson 2001). Here, we follow the original definition, further classifying the type of symbiosis depending on whether the relationship has a net benefit or detriment to one or the other organism, as follows. (For simplicity, we represent symbioses as involving two organisms, although they may involve more.)&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

It is possible to define the relationships between symbiotic organisms further (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987). For example, in any pair, the larger organism is the host and the smaller organism the symbiont. Ectosymbionts occur on the outside of the host. Endosymbionts occur inside the host and may be intracellular or extracellular. Symbiosis may be obligate, if an organism cannot survive and reproduce without its partner, or facultative. Symbioses also may differ in their specificity, from being highly specific (always involving the same strains or subspecific taxon) to very general (involving organisms within a class, phylum, or larger grouping). The symbiosis may also be classified according to the mode of interaction (e.g. genetic, metabolic, behavioral) and a donor and recipient identified for each resource.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Although predation could be defined as a kind of parasitism (the predator benefits to the detriment of the prey) and competition is an association that is detrimental to both organisms involved, they are not traditionally described as symbioses because they are not generally long-term associations (Smith &amp;amp; Douglas 1987), and in the case of competition also need not be close. Predation and competition, therefore, are discussed elsewhere.&lt;br&gt;Many symbioses can be found involving scyphozoans. Follow the links to mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism to find out more. 

Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Types of Symbioses&lt;br&gt;  ===

==== Mutualism (beneficial-beneficial):  ====

[[Image:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg|frame|left|Mastigias papua]]&lt;br&gt; 

Mutualisms are symbioses from which all organisms benefit. A common example of commensalism involves photosynthetic dinoflagellates, called zooxanthellae, and tropical jellyfish belonging to at least two orders, the Coronatae and Rhizostomeae. The microscopic zooxanthellae live within the tissues of the much larger jellyfish. The zooxanthellae convert sunlight and inorganic compounds (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen) into energy rich organic molecules (carbohydrates) that they use to live and grow. However, some of these organic molecules also become available to the host jellyfish, so it benefits also. In turn, the jellyfish's metabolism produces inorganic molecules (e.g. ammonium) as waste products, some of which become available to the zooxanthellae. the zooxanthellae use the inorganic molecules to make more organics. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Commensalism (beneficial-no effect):  ====

[[Image:CatostylusSymbiosis.jpg|frame|left|Juvenile fish with Catostylus mosaicus]]&lt;br&gt; 

Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other. A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish. The juvenile fish swim around the jellyfish, presumably gaining something of a safe haven from potential predators. It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish. &lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Parasitism (beneficial-detrimental):  ====

[[Image:CuninaAmphi KAR.jpg|frame|right|Hyperia amphipod on the hydrozoan Cunina.]]&lt;br&gt; 

Parasitisms are symbioses in which one organism benefits at the other's expense. Examples include jellyfish that are parasitized by amphipods, such as Hydrozoa (right) and others parasitized by gooseneck barnacles. Gooseneck barnacles in the genus Alepas Rang 1829 appear to be exclusively epizooic on scyphozoans, including Diplulmaris malayensis and Cyanea sp. (below). The association is considered ectoparasitic because deep clefts in the umbrella are caused at the point of attachment (Pagès 2000) and may involve other species of gooseneck barnacle (in the genera Conchoderma, Dosima) and scyphomedusae (Cephea cephea, Cyanea nozakii, Pelagia noctiluca, Phacellophora camtchatica, Rhopilema sp.). The association in the photograph below probably has been reported previously by Tubb (1946). &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:CyaneaGooseneck.JPG|frame|left|Gooseneck barnacle on Cyanea.]]&lt;br&gt; 


== Coastal Management&lt;br&gt;  ==

==== Blooms&lt;br&gt;  ====

The term jellyfish bloom is generally applied to rapid increases in the number of jellyfish leading to dense, often locally or regionally delimited, abundances of jellyfish. &quot;True blooms&quot; occur when populations increase rapidly in size in situ, and it is useful to distinguish such occurrences from &quot;apparent blooms&quot; which result from a redistribution or redispersion of a numerically stable population (Graham et al. 2001). The public profile of jellyfish blooms has increased in recent years, probably reflecting a real global increase in occurrence or severity, although local effects may be quite the opposite (Mills 2001). The factors that contribute to the formation of blooms are probably many and complex. Their consequences can be serious. Follow the links below for case-specific information. &lt;br&gt; 

==== Introduced Species&lt;br&gt;  ====

Species introductions pose a major threat to biodiversity (Lee 2002). Jellyfish, like other coastal marine species, can be accidentally introduced as organisms growing on ship hulls or in ballast water, or released unintentionally (or intentionally) as a result of the aquarium trade and aquaculture (Holland 2000; Grosholz 2002). The scale of species introductions is bewildering. For example, the USA receives between 20 million and 80 million tonnes of ballast water per year that is laced with an average of one billion bacteria per litre from foreign ports (Ruiz et al. 2000; ANS). The numbers are smaller for larger organisms, and only a subset become established, but the numbers are still impressive. At least 287 introduced, or 'exotic', marine species have become established in Hawai'i (Eldredge &amp;amp; Carlton 2002), between 212-335 in San Francisco Bay (USGS), and 120 in the Chesapeake Bay (ANS). Moreover, their effect is disproportionately large. Over 15% of exotic species cause serious harm, exotic species negatively impact at least 42% of endangered species, and the cost associated with major exotic species in the USA alone is on the order of US$100 billion per year (Lee 2002; ANS). 

&lt;br&gt; 

Causative links between introduced species of jellyfish (scyphozoans, hydrozoans, ctenophores), increases in the occurrence or severity of jellyfish blooms, and decreases in the abundance of endemic gelatinous zooplankton can still be somewhat obscure (Mills 2001). This may be due in part to the existence of 'cryptogenic' species, i.e. species whose endemic or exotic status is unclear (Carlton 1996; Mills 2001) and in part to difficulties in ascribing causal relationships when other influences such as eutrophication are also important (Mills 2001). However, several candidates are likely to be nuisance exotic scyphozoans. For example, Rhopilema nomadica was first recorded in the eastern Mediterranean in 1976, and has since become abundant off Israel each summer; it is hazardous to bathers and fishermen due to its sting and may also clog fishing nets. Presumably exotic Aurelia sp. have clogged seawater intakes and shut-down power plants in Australia, the Baltic region, India, Korea, Philippines, and Saudi Arabia (Mills 2001). Such blooms may be facilitated by small ecological advantages conferred on the exotics by 'genotype x environment' interactions (Dawson &amp;amp; Martin 2001). Other exotic scyphomedusae that have had negative impacts in recent years include Phyllorhiza punctata, in the Mediterranean and Gulf of Mexico, and Cassiopea spp., in the Mediterranean and Hawai'i (Devaney &amp;amp; Eldredge 1977; Mills 2001; Graham et al. 2003; Holland et al. unpubl.). 

&lt;br&gt;Prepared by ''M.N Dawson''.&lt;br&gt; 

== Fisheries&lt;br&gt;  ==

Dried jellyfish is considered to be a delicacy in many Asian countries. Jellyfish are also purported to have beneficial medicinal properties and are traditionally used to treat ailments such as arthritis, hypertension and back pain (Hsieh et al. 2001). Jellyfish have been harvested off the coast of China for more than 1700 years (Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001) but since the 1970s the catch has been increasing, almost exponentially, and in recent years the annual world harvest has exceeded 500,000 tonnes (Fig. 1). Although traditionally confined to Asian waters, small quantities of jellyfish are also harvested by Australia, USA, UK, Namibia, Turkey and Canada (Fig. 2).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

==== Which species are harvested? &lt;br&gt;  ====

Only jellyfish belonging to the Order Rhizostomeae are harvested for food. The rhizostomes are favoured because they are typically larger and have more rigid bodies than other scyphozoan orders. When processed, the rhizostomes produce a product that has the desirable, almost crunchy texture. Some species considered to be edible are: 

Cepheidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Cephea cephea

Catostylidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Catostylus mosaicus&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambione mastigophora&lt;br&gt; 
*Crambionella orsini&lt;br&gt;

Lobonematidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Lobonema smithi&lt;br&gt; 
*Lobonemoides gracilis&lt;br&gt;

Rhizostomatidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Rhopilema esculentum 
*Rhopilema hispidum 
*Rhizostoma pulmo

Stomolophidae&lt;br&gt; 

*Stomolophus meleagris 
*Stomolophus nomurai

(Omori &amp;amp; Nakano 2001)&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish caught?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish frequently occur in dense aggregations or blooms and this makes them relatively easy to harvest. Jellyfish are caught using a variety of netting techniques including dip-nets, seines and trawls (Omori 1981, Kingsford et al. 2000). In the USA, Stomolophus meleagris has been harvested using pair trawlers, shrimp trawlers, purse-seiners and &quot;tunnel&quot; boats (Rudloe 1997). Due to concerns about by-catch (i.e. catching undersize animals or other non-target species), harvesting of Catostylus mosaicus in Australia is largely limited to dip-netting since this enables fishers to selectively target large medusae and minimises incidental collection of non-target species (Kingsford et al. 2000).&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;How are jellyfish processed?&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish need to be processed within a few hours of being harvest since they spoil quickly. Jellyfish are dried using a combination of alum and salt. Drying is a step-wise process that can take between 20 and 40 days to complete (Hsieh et al. 2001). Live jellyfish consist mainly of water and the jellyfish loses approximately 90% of its weight during the drying process. Both the bell and the oral arms are utilised.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Preparation of jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Jellyfish is most commonly eaten as a type of salad. The dried jellyfish is desalted and rehydrated by soaking it in water for several hours or overnight (Hsieh et al. 2001). It is then shredded or sliced into strips, mixed with various sauces, vegetables, meats (e.g. chicken) or other seafood and served cold.&lt;br&gt; 

==== &lt;br&gt;Potential ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish&lt;br&gt;  ====

Medusae are important members of the pelagic community (Fig. 3). They are voracious predators of plankton (Purcell 1992) and they, themselves, are preyed on by fish (Ates 1988), turtles and birds (Ates 1991). Species that contain symbiotic zooxanthellae are known to actively take up inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen from seawater (Muscatine &amp;amp; Marian 1982) and such species may have a role in regulating nutrient dynamics of coastal systems. Jellyfish also provide habitat for many species of juvenile fish and some crustaceans (Kingsford 1993). Removal of large quantities of jellyfish via commercial harvesting may have negative impacts on the wider ecosystem. Much more research on the ecological impacts of harvesting jellyfish is required. 

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Management of jellyfish fisheries  ===

Jellyfish are relatively short-lived (often less than a year), grow very rapidly (up to several mm per day [Kikinger 1992]) and consequently abundances of jellyfish can vary dramatically over periods of weeks to months (Pitt &amp;amp; Kingsford 2000). Although jellyfish may occur at predictable times of the year in some places (Brewer 1989), in other locations it is difficult to predict when jellyfish will appear. Many finfish fisheries are managed on a quota system, where a fixed quantity of the target species is harvested. This usually requires a basic knowledge of the abundance of the target species. Since abundances of jellyfish fluctuate greatly over time and the appearance of jellyfish is often unpredictable, alternative management strategies may be required. Examples of some of the information required to effectively manage jellyfish fisheries are:&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 

{| 
| '''Biological Information''' || '''Management Strategy'''
|- 
| Size at sexual maturity ||Set size limits to protect immature medusae
|-
|Identify areas where medusae occur || 	Close fishing in some areas to protect a proportion of the population
|-
|Locate where benthic polyps occur  ||	Protect the habitat of the polyps (e.g. prevent dredging or habitat modification) 
|-
|Identify the unit stock  ||	Protect a proportion of each stock to ensure that individual stocks are not overfished
|}


&lt;br /&gt;Prepared by ''Kylie Pitt''.

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      <comment>New page: [[Image:CnidariaClasses.jpg|border|right|Cnodarian Phylogeny]]   == Phylogeny == Phylogeny is the pattern of evolutionary relationships among species. Phylogenies can be estimated using a ...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1667">[[Image:CnidariaClasses.jpg|border|right|Cnodarian Phylogeny]] 

== Phylogeny ==
Phylogeny is the pattern of evolutionary relationships among species. Phylogenies can be estimated using a variety of techniques employing different types of data - typically morphological and molecular data (see [[Anatomy]]). The methods may be complex, but the results can be simple to interpret: a phylogeny is represented as a branching diagram (a dendrogram), organisms arising from a common branch are more closely related to each other than they are to organisms that do not share that branch, more distantly related species are separated by larger numbers of branches, and the deeper the split between branches leading to different species, then the longer the time since they diverged.

A dendrogram showing the phylogenetic relationships of classes within the Phylum Cnidaria is pictured above. Based on morphological (e.g. Bridge et al. 1995) and molecular (Bridge et al. 1995; Collins 2002) data, this shows that [1] all cnidarians are more closely related to each other than to any other multicellular animal, [2] that hydrozoans, cubozoans, and scyphozoans (collectively known as the Medusozoa) are more closely related to each other than they are to the anthozoans, and [3] that the hydrozoans form a sister taxon to the Cubozoa+Scyphozoa, which diverged from a common ancestor more recently than any other class. The relationships between the classes Cubozoa and Scyphozoa, and between the orders within the Scyphozoa, are not yet well defined.

Additional information can be found on the [http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Cnidaria&amp;contgroup=Animals | Tree of Life] website.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2571">[[Image:CnidariaClasses.jpg|border|right|Cnodarian Phylogeny]] 

== Phylogeny  ==

Phylogeny is the pattern of evolutionary relationships among species. Phylogenies can be estimated using a variety of techniques employing different types of data - typically morphological and molecular data (see [[Anatomy]]). The methods may be complex, but the results can be simple to interpret: a phylogeny is represented as a branching diagram (a dendrogram), organisms arising from a common branch are more closely related to each other than they are to organisms that do not share that branch, more distantly related species are separated by larger numbers of branches, and the deeper the split between branches leading to different species, then the longer the time since they diverged. 

A dendrogram showing the phylogenetic relationships of classes within the Phylum Cnidaria is pictured to the right. Based on morphological (e.g. Bridge et al. 1995) and molecular (Bridge et al. 1995; Collins 2002) data, this shows that [1] all cnidarians are more closely related to each other than to any other multicellular animal, [2] that hydrozoans, cubozoans, and scyphozoans (collectively known as the Medusozoa) are more closely related to each other than they are to the anthozoans, and [3] that the hydrozoans form a sister taxon to the Cubozoa+Scyphozoa, which diverged from a common ancestor more recently than any other class. The relationships between the classes Cubozoa and Scyphozoa, and between the orders within the Scyphozoa, are not yet well defined. 

Additional information can be found on the [http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Cnidaria&amp;contgroup=Animals Tree of Life] website. 

== Phylogenetic Relationships  ==

[[Image:ScyphozoaOrders.jpg|border|left|Phylogenetic relationships among orders]]Phylogenetic relationships among orders (pictured to the left )within the Class Scyphozoa, based on Collins (2002). 

Molecular data suggest strongly that the coronates, semaeostomes, and rhizostomes form a monophyletic clade. The coronates are distinct from the semaeostomes and rhizostomes, whereas the semaeostomes are paraphyletic with respect to the rhizostomes (i.e. evolutionarily, rhizostomes are a type of semaeostome, rather than a distinct form of jellyfish). 

In contrast, the data provide conflicting information regarding the evolutionary placement of the Stauromedusae. They may (1) be closely related to the Cubomedusae with which they may form the sister taxon to the other scyphozoans or (2) be basal to the other Scyphozoans, the Cubozoa, and the Hydrozoa.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2659">[[Image:CnidariaClasses.jpg|border|right|Cnodarian Phylogeny]] 

== Phylogeny  ==

Phylogeny is the pattern of evolutionary relationships among species. Phylogenies can be estimated using a variety of techniques employing different types of data - typically morphological and molecular data (see [[Anatomy]]). The methods may be complex, but the results can be simple to interpret: a phylogeny is represented as a branching diagram (a dendrogram), organisms arising from a common branch are more closely related to each other than they are to organisms that do not share that branch, more distantly related species are separated by larger numbers of branches, and the deeper the split between branches leading to different species, then the longer the time since they diverged. 

A dendrogram showing the phylogenetic relationships of classes within the Phylum Cnidaria is pictured to the right. Based on morphological (e.g. Bridge et al. 1995) and molecular (Bridge et al. 1995; Collins 2002) data, this shows that [1] all cnidarians are more closely related to each other than to any other multicellular animal, [2] that hydrozoans, cubozoans, and scyphozoans (collectively known as the Medusozoa) are more closely related to each other than they are to the anthozoans, and [3] that the hydrozoans form a sister taxon to the Cubozoa+Scyphozoa, which diverged from a common ancestor more recently than any other class. The relationships between the classes Cubozoa and Scyphozoa, and between the orders within the Scyphozoa, are not yet well defined. 

Additional information can be found on the [http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Cnidaria&amp;contgroup=Animals Tree of Life] website. 

== Phylogenetic Relationships  ==

[[Image:ScyphozoaOrders.jpg|border|left|Phylogenetic relationships among orders]]Phylogenetic relationships among orders (pictured to the left ) within the Class Scyphozoa, based on Collins (2002), Collins et al. (2006), Dawson (2004), Hamner &amp; Dawson (2009), and Bayha et al. (2010). 

Molecular data suggest strongly that the coronates, semaeostomes, and rhizostomes form a monophyletic clade. The coronates are distinct from the semaeostomes and rhizostomes, whereas the semaeostomes are paraphyletic with respect to the rhizostomes (i.e. evolutionarily, rhizostomes are a type of semaeostome, rather than a distinct form of jellyfish). 

In contrast, the data provide conflicting information regarding the evolutionary placement of the Stauromedusae. They may (1) be closely related to the Cubomedusae with which they may form the sister taxon to the other scyphozoans or (2) be basal to the other Scyphozoans, the Cubozoa, and the Hydrozoa.</text>
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      <comment>Replacing page with 'Evolution

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      <comment>New page: == August 2007:  ==  === Nemopilema nomurai - a big problem ===  Nemopilema nomurai - 30 cm bell diameter&lt;br&gt;   Nemopilema nomurai is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximate...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4956">== August 2007:  ==

=== Nemopilema nomurai - a big problem ===

Nemopilema nomurai - 30 cm bell diameter&lt;br&gt; 

Nemopilema nomurai is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005.&lt;br&gt; 

Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include [1] clogging and bursing of nets, [2] lower catches of finfish, [3] high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish, [4] reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation, [5] increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above), [6] increased risk of capsizing trawlers, and [7] the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen. 

The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.&lt;br&gt; 

Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara).&lt;br&gt; 

Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China. 

That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms. 

Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Information taken predominantly from ''Kawahara et al. (2006a, b)''.
*Prepared by ''M. Kawahara and M. N Dawson''



==  ==</text>
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        <id>9</id>
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      <comment>/* Nemopilema nomurai - a big problem */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5015">== August 2007:  ==

=== Nemopilema nomurai - a big problem ===

Nemopilema nomurai - 30 cm bell diameter&lt;br&gt; 

Nemopilema nomurai is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005.&lt;br&gt; 

Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include [1] clogging and bursing of nets, [2] lower catches of finfish, [3] high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish, [4] reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation, [5] increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above), [6] increased risk of capsizing trawlers, and [7] the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen. 

The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.&lt;br&gt; 

Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara).&lt;br&gt; 

Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China. 

That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents [http://www.online-sport-betting.org sports gambling online] (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms. 

Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Information taken predominantly from ''Kawahara et al. (2006a, b)''.
*Prepared by ''M. Kawahara and M. N Dawson''

==  ==</text>
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        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5078">=== August 2007 ===

==== Nemopilema nomurai - a big problem [[Image:NemopilemaNomurai_30.jpg|thumb|right|Nemopilema nomurai]] ====

Nemopilema nomurai - 30 cm bell diameter&lt;br&gt; 

Nemopilema nomurai is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005.&lt;br&gt; 

Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include [1] clogging and bursing of nets, [2] lower catches of finfish, [3] high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish, [4] reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation, [5] increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above), [6] increased risk of capsizing trawlers, and [7] the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen. 

The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.&lt;br&gt; 

Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara).&lt;br&gt; 

Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China. 

That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents [http://www.online-sport-betting.org sports gambling online] (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms. 

Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Information taken predominantly from ''Kawahara et al. (2006a, b)''. 
*Prepared by ''M. Kawahara and M. N Dawson''
*</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5078">=== August 2007  ===

==== Nemopilema nomurai - a big problem [[Image:NemopilemaNomurai 30.jpg|thumb|right|Nemopilema nomurai]]  ====

Nemopilema nomurai - 30 cm bell diameter&lt;br&gt; 

Nemopilema nomurai is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005.&lt;br&gt; 

Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include [1] clogging and bursing of nets, [2] lower catches of finfish, [3] high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish, [4] reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation, [5] increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above), [6] increased risk of capsizing trawlers, and [7] the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen. 

The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.&lt;br&gt; 

Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara).&lt;br&gt; 

Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China. 

That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents [http://www.online-sport-betting.org sports gambling online] (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms. 

Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Information taken predominantly from ''Kawahara et al. (2006a, b)''. 
*Prepared by ''M. Kawahara and M. N Dawson''</text>
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      <comment>removed spam gambling link</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5017">=== August 2007  ===

==== Nemopilema nomurai - a big problem [[Image:NemopilemaNomurai 30.jpg|thumb|right|Nemopilema nomurai]]  ====

Nemopilema nomurai - 30 cm bell diameter&lt;br&gt; 

Nemopilema nomurai is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005.&lt;br&gt; 

Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include [1] clogging and bursing of nets, [2] lower catches of finfish, [3] high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish, [4] reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation, [5] increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above), [6] increased risk of capsizing trawlers, and [7] the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen. 

The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.&lt;br&gt; 

Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara).&lt;br&gt; 

Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China. 

That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms. 

Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Information taken predominantly from ''Kawahara et al. (2006a, b)''. 
*Prepared by ''M. Kawahara and M. N Dawson''</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4954">== August 2007:  ==

=== Nemopilema nomurai - a big problem ===

Nemopilema nomurai - 30 cm bell diameter&lt;br&gt; 

Nemopilema nomurai is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005.&lt;br&gt; 

Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include [1] clogging and bursing of nets, [2] lower catches of finfish, [3] high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish, [4] reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation, [5] increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above), [6] increased risk of capsizing trawlers, and [7] the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen. 

The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.&lt;br&gt; 

Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara).&lt;br&gt; 

Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China. 

That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms. 

Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Information taken predominantly from ''Kawahara et al. (2006a, b)''.
*Prepared by ''M. Kawahara and M. N Dawson''

==  ==</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4998">== August 2007:  ==

=== ''Nemopilema nomurai'' - a big problem ===

''Nemopilema nomurai'' - 30 cm bell diameter&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005.&lt;br&gt; 

Although ''Nemopilema nomurai'' is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'' have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include [1] clogging and bursing of nets, [2] lower catches of finfish, [3] high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish, [4] reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation, [5] increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above), [6] increased risk of capsizing trawlers, and [7] the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen. 

The stings of ''N. nomurai'' cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by ''N. nomurai'', there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara).&lt;br&gt; 

Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'', discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China. 

That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'' in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, ''Nemopilema nomurai'' may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms. 

Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, ''N. nomurai'' will establish a local population in Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Information taken predominantly from ''Kawahara et al. (2006a, b)''.
*Prepared by ''M. Kawahara and M. N Dawson''

==  ==</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>881</id>
      <parentid>880</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-04-27T17:38:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sophiegreen</username>
        <id>14</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5053">== August 2007:  ==

=== ''Nemopilema nomurai'' - a big problem ===

''Nemopilema nomurai'' - 30 cm bell diameter&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005.&lt;br&gt; 

Although ''Nemopilema nomurai'' is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'' have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include [1] clogging and bursing of nets, [2] lower catches of finfish, [3] high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish, [4] reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation, [5] increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above), [6] increased risk of capsizing trawlers, and [7] the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen. 

The stings of ''N. nomurai'' cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by ''N. nomurai'', there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara).&lt;br&gt; 

Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'', discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China. 

That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'' in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, ''Nemopilema nomurai'' may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms. 

Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, ''N. nomurai'' will establish a local population in Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Information taken predominantly from ''Kawahara et al. (2006a, b)''.
*Prepared by ''M. Kawahara and M. N Dawson''
*[http://www.research-service.com research paper help]

==  ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1085</id>
      <parentid>881</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-08-19T10:34:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Alysia</username>
        <id>23</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5145">== August 2007:  ==

=== ''Nemopilema nomurai'' - a big problem ===

''Nemopilema nomurai'' - 30 cm bell diameter&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005.&lt;br&gt; 

Although ''Nemopilema nomurai'' is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'' have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include [1] clogging and bursing of nets, [2] lower catches of finfish, [3] high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish, [4] reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation, [5] increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above), [6] increased risk of capsizing trawlers, and [7] the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen. 

The stings of ''N. nomurai'' cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by ''N. nomurai'', there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara).&lt;br&gt; 

Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'', discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China. 

That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'' in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, ''Nemopilema nomurai'' may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms. 

Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, ''N. nomurai'' will establish a local population in Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Information taken predominantly from ''Kawahara et al. (2006a, b)''.
*Prepared by ''M. Kawahara and M. N Dawson''
*[http://www.research-service.com research paper help]
*[http://www.merchantos.com/ pos software]
*[http://www.onlinechatden.com Live Online Chat]

==  ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1127</id>
      <parentid>1085</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:00:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5155">== August 2007:  ==

=== ''Nemopilema nomurai'' - a big problem ===

''Nemopilema nomurai'' - 30 cm bell diameter&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005.&lt;br&gt; 

Although ''Nemopilema nomurai'' is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'' have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include [1] clogging and bursing of nets, [2] lower catches of finfish, [3] high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish, [4] reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation, [5] increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above), [6] increased risk of capsizing trawlers, and [7] the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen. 

The stings of ''N. nomurai'' cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by ''N. nomurai'', there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara).&lt;br&gt; 

Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'', discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China. 

That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'' in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, ''Nemopilema nomurai'' may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms. 

Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, ''N. nomurai'' will establish a local population in Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Information taken predominantly from ''Kawahara et al. (2006a, b)''.
*Prepared by ''M. Kawahara and M. N Dawson''
*[http://www.research-service.com research paper help]
*[http://www.merchantos.com/ pos software]
*[http://www.onlinechatden.com Live Online Chat]

[[Category:All]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1194</id>
      <parentid>1127</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:39:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>re-cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5165">== August 2007:  ==

=== ''Nemopilema nomurai'' - a big problem ===

''Nemopilema nomurai'' - 30 cm bell diameter&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005.&lt;br&gt; 

Although ''Nemopilema nomurai'' is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'' have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include [1] clogging and bursing of nets, [2] lower catches of finfish, [3] high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish, [4] reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation, [5] increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above), [6] increased risk of capsizing trawlers, and [7] the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen. 

The stings of ''N. nomurai'' cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by ''N. nomurai'', there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara).&lt;br&gt; 

Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'', discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China. 

That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'' in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, ''Nemopilema nomurai'' may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms. 

Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, ''N. nomurai'' will establish a local population in Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Information taken predominantly from ''Kawahara et al. (2006a, b)''.
*Prepared by ''M. Kawahara and M. N Dawson''
*[http://www.research-service.com research paper help]
*[http://www.merchantos.com/ pos software]
*[http://www.onlinechatden.com Live Online Chat]

[[Category:Special Pages]]</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1196</id>
      <parentid>1194</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
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      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Nemopilema nomurai - a big problem */ +link</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5169">== August 2007:  ==

=== ''Nemopilema nomurai'' - a big problem ===

''[[Nemopilema nomurai]]'' - 30 cm bell diameter&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005.&lt;br&gt; 

Although ''Nemopilema nomurai'' is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'' have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include [1] clogging and bursing of nets, [2] lower catches of finfish, [3] high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish, [4] reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation, [5] increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above), [6] increased risk of capsizing trawlers, and [7] the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen. 

The stings of ''N. nomurai'' cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by ''N. nomurai'', there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara).&lt;br&gt; 

Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'', discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China. 

That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'' in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, ''Nemopilema nomurai'' may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms. 

Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, ''N. nomurai'' will establish a local population in Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Information taken predominantly from ''Kawahara et al. (2006a, b)''.
*Prepared by ''M. Kawahara and M. N Dawson''
*[http://www.research-service.com research paper help]
*[http://www.merchantos.com/ pos software]
*[http://www.onlinechatden.com Live Online Chat]

[[Category:Special Pages]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1647</id>
      <parentid>1196</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T04:02:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5023">== August 2007:  ==

=== ''Nemopilema nomurai'' - a big problem ===

''[[Nemopilema nomurai]]'' - 30 cm bell diameter&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005.&lt;br&gt; 

Although ''Nemopilema nomurai'' is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'' have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include [1] clogging and bursing of nets, [2] lower catches of finfish, [3] high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish, [4] reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation, [5] increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above), [6] increased risk of capsizing trawlers, and [7] the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen. 

The stings of ''N. nomurai'' cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by ''N. nomurai'', there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.&lt;br&gt; 

''Nemopilema nomurai'' polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara).&lt;br&gt; 

Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'', discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China. 

That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of ''Nemopilema nomurai'' in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, ''Nemopilema nomurai'' may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms. 

Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, ''N. nomurai'' will establish a local population in Japan.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

*Information taken predominantly from ''Kawahara et al. (2006a, b)''.
*Prepared by ''M. Kawahara and M. N Dawson''


[[Category:Special Pages]]</text>
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    <title>Gigantea</title>
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      <comment>[[Gigantea]] moved to [[Stygiomedusa gigantea]]: To standardize referral to species pages</comment>
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      <comment>New page: This glossary contains definitions of scientific terms used in The Scyphozoan. If you cannot find a word you did not understand, please write to the webmaster, including the word and the U...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1233">This glossary contains definitions of scientific terms used in The Scyphozoan. If you cannot find a word you did not understand, please write to the webmaster, including the word and the URL for the page on which it occurs. We will add it to the glossary. Thank you!&lt;br&gt;

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=== A &lt;br&gt; ===

=== B &lt;br&gt; ===

=== C &lt;br&gt; ===

=== D &lt;br&gt; ===

=== E [[Image:Aurelia_ephyra_KAR.jpg|thumb|right|The ephyra stage of Aurelia.]] ===

*'''Ephyra: '''The earliest medusoid stage. ''pl.'' ephyrae.&amp;nbsp;The ephyra is just a few millimeters in diameter, free swimming, and preys on smaller plankton.&lt;br&gt;

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'''Life-history''': The development and growth of an individual organism often presented as a series of stages characteristic of a particular species or group of species. Reproduction by mature organisms begins the life-history again, leading to the idea of a life-cycle. See example.

=== M &lt;br&gt; ===

=== N &lt;br&gt; ===

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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1035">This glossary contains definitions of scientific terms used in The Scyphozoan. If you cannot find a word you did not understand, please write to the webmaster, including the word and the URL for the page on which it occurs. We will add it to the glossary. Thank you!&lt;br&gt; 

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A &lt;br&gt; 

B &lt;br&gt; 

C &lt;br&gt; 

D &lt;br&gt; 

E [[Image:Aurelia ephyra KAR.jpg|thumb|right|The ephyra stage of Aurelia.]] 

*
'''Ephyra: '''The earliest medusoid stage. ''pl.'' ephyrae.&amp;nbsp;The ephyra is just a few millimeters in diameter, free swimming, and preys on smaller plankton.


F &lt;br&gt; 

G &lt;br&gt; 

H &lt;br&gt; 

I &lt;br&gt; 

J &lt;br&gt; 

K &lt;br&gt; 

L &lt;br&gt; 

'''Life-history''': The development and growth of an individual organism often presented as a series of stages characteristic of a particular species or group of species. Reproduction by mature organisms begins the life-history again, leading to the idea of a [[life-cycle]]. 

M &lt;br&gt; 

N &lt;br&gt; 

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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="914">This glossary contains definitions of scientific terms used in The Scyphozoan. If you cannot find a word you did not understand, please write to the webmaster, including the word and the URL for the page on which it occurs. We will add it to the glossary. Thank you!&lt;br&gt; 

----

[[Image:Aurelia_ephyra_KAR.jpg|border|right|346x223px|The earliest medusoid stage.]]&lt;br&gt; '''Ephyra: '''The earliest medusoid stage. ''pl.'' ephyrae.&amp;nbsp;The ephyra is just a few millimeters in diameter, free swimming, and preys on smaller plankton. 

&lt;br&gt; '''Life-history''': The development and growth of an individual organism often presented as a series of stages characteristic of a particular species or group of species. Reproduction by mature organisms begins the life-history again, leading to the idea of a life-cycle. See life-cycle in [[Ecology]] section. 

&lt;br&gt;

'''Medusoid:''' Having the characteristics of a medusa.&lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1109">This glossary contains definitions of scientific terms used in The Scyphozoan. If you cannot find a word you did not understand, please write to the webmaster, including the word and the URL for the page on which it occurs. We will add it to the glossary. Thank you!&lt;br&gt; 

----

[[Image:Aurelia ephyra KAR.jpg|border|right|282x183px|The earliest medusoid stage.]]&lt;br&gt; '''Ephyra: '''The earliest medusoid stage. ''pl.'' ephyrae.&amp;nbsp;The ephyra is just a few millimeters in diameter, free swimming, and preys on smaller plankton.('''pictured''')

&lt;br&gt; '''Life-history''': The development and growth of an individual organism often presented as a series of stages characteristic of a particular species or group of species. Reproduction by mature organisms begins the life-history again, leading to the idea of a life-cycle. See life-cycle in [[Ecology]] section. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Medusoid:''' Having the characteristics of a medusa. ('''pictured below''')[[Image:GLKMastigias.jpg|border|left|345x241px|This medusa is about 20cm long.]] 

[[Image:Aurelia_sp4.jpg|border|right|357x196px|The medusa stage of Aurelia.]]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2457">This glossary contains definitions of scientific terms used in The Scyphozoan. If you cannot find a word you did not understand, please write to the webmaster, including the word and the URL for the page on which it occurs. We will add it to the glossary. Thank you!&lt;br&gt; 

----

[[Image:Aurelia ephyra KAR.jpg|border|right|282x183px|The earliest medusoid stage.]]&lt;br&gt; '''Ephyra: '''The earliest medusoid stage. ''pl.'' ephyrae.&amp;nbsp;The ephyra is just a few millimeters in diameter, free swimming, and preys on smaller plankton.('''pictured''') 

&lt;br&gt; '''Life-history''': The development and growth of an individual organism often presented as a series of stages characteristic of a particular species or group of species. Reproduction by mature organisms begins the life-history again, leading to the idea of a life-cycle. See life-cycle in [[Ecology]] section. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Medusoid:''' Having the characteristics of a medusa. ('''pictured below''') [[Image:GLKMastigias.jpg|border|left|345x241px|This medusa is about 20cm long.]] 

&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|border|center|357x196px|The medusa stage of Aurelia.]] 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Ontogeny:''' The development and growth of an individual organism from zygote until death, often conceived as being through progressive stages. See life-history.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Strobilation:''' The process by which a polyp differentiates and asexually produces new medusae. See also ephyra. [[Image:Strobila.jpg|border|right|236x294px|Strobila just a few centimeters long.]]('''pictured''')&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Synapomorphy:''' A shared derived character; a character that is shared by two or more taxa (e.g. species) and evolved in their common ancestor, thus indicating their common evolutionary descent (and distinguishing them from other taxa that do not have this character state).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Taxa:''' plural of taxon. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Taxon:''' The named taxonomic unit (e.g. Aurelia aurita, Ulmaridae, Semaeostomeae, Scyphozoa) to which individuals or groups of species are assigned. pl. taxa. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Terminal club:''' The pendulous appendage at the distal end (i.e. end farthest from the bell) of the oral arms in rhizostome medusae such as Mastigias; usually one per oral arm (i.e. eight per medusa). See an example in [[Mastigas]]. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Trait: '''A particular feature or character; a distinguishing quality; a characteristic; an attribute.&lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2413">This glossary contains definitions of scientific terms used in The Scyphozoan. If you cannot find a word you did not understand, please write to the webmaster, including the word and the URL for the page on which it occurs. We will add it to the glossary. Thank you!&lt;br&gt; 

----

[[Image:Aurelia ephyra KAR.jpg|border|right|282x183px|The earliest medusoid stage.]]&lt;br&gt; '''Ephyra: '''The earliest medusoid stage. ''pl.'' ephyrae.&amp;nbsp;The ephyra is just a few millimeters in diameter, free swimming, and preys on smaller plankton.('''pictured''') 

&lt;br&gt; '''Life-history''': The development and growth of an individual organism often presented as a series of stages characteristic of a particular species or group of species. Reproduction by mature organisms begins the life-history again, leading to the idea of a life-cycle. See life-cycle in [[Ecology]] section. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Medusoid:''' Having the characteristics of a medusa. ('''pictured below''') &lt;br&gt;

[[Image:GLKMastigias.jpg|border|left|345x241px|This medusa is about 20cm long.]] 

&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|border|center|357x196px|The medusa stage of Aurelia.]]&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;

'''Ontogeny:''' The development and growth of an individual organism from zygote until death, often conceived as being through progressive stages. See life-history.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Strobilation:''' The process by which a polyp differentiates and asexually produces new medusae. See also ephyra. [[Image:Strobila.jpg|border|right|236x294px|Strobila just a few centimeters long.]]('''pictured''')&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Synapomorphy:''' A shared derived character; a character that is shared by two or more taxa (e.g. species) and evolved in their common ancestor, thus indicating their common evolutionary descent (and distinguishing them from other taxa that do not have this character state).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Taxa:''' plural of taxon. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Taxon:''' The named taxonomic unit (e.g. Aurelia aurita, Ulmaridae, Semaeostomeae, Scyphozoa) to which individuals or groups of species are assigned. pl. taxa. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Terminal club:''' The pendulous appendage at the distal end (i.e. end farthest from the bell) of the oral arms in rhizostome medusae such as Mastigias; usually one per oral arm (i.e. eight per medusa). See an example in [[Mastigas|Mastigias]]. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Trait: '''A particular feature or character; a distinguishing quality; a characteristic; an attribute.&lt;br&gt;</text>
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        <id>7</id>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2406">This glossary contains definitions of scientific terms used in The Scyphozoan. If you cannot find a word you did not understand, please write to the webmaster, including the word and the URL for the page on which it occurs. We will add it to the glossary. Thank you!&lt;br&gt; 

----

[[Image:Aurelia ephyra KAR.jpg|border|right|282x183px|The earliest medusoid stage.]]&lt;br&gt; '''Ephyra: '''The earliest medusoid stage. ''pl.'' ephyrae.&amp;nbsp;The ephyra is just a few millimeters in diameter, free swimming, and preys on smaller plankton.('''pictured''') 

&lt;br&gt; '''Life-history''': The development and growth of an individual organism often presented as a series of stages characteristic of a particular species or group of species. Reproduction by mature organisms begins the life-history again, leading to the idea of a life-cycle. See life-cycle in [[Ecology]] section. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Medusoid:''' Having the characteristics of a medusa. ('''pictured below''') &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:GLKMastigias.jpg|border|left|345x241px|This medusa is about 20cm long.]] 

&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|border|center|357x196px|The medusa stage of Aurelia.]]&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Ontogeny:''' The development and growth of an individual organism from zygote until death, often conceived as being through progressive stages. See life-history.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Strobilation:''' The process by which a polyp differentiates and asexually produces new medusae. See also ephyra. [[Image:Strobila.jpg|border|right|236x294px|Strobila just a few centimeters long.]]('''pictured''')&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Synapomorphy:''' A shared derived character; a character that is shared by two or more taxa (e.g. species) and evolved in their common ancestor, thus indicating their common evolutionary descent (and distinguishing them from other taxa that do not have this character state).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Taxa:''' plural of taxon. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Taxon:''' The named taxonomic unit (e.g. Aurelia aurita, Ulmaridae, Semaeostomeae, Scyphozoa) to which individuals or groups of species are assigned. pl. taxa. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Terminal club:''' The pendulous appendage at the distal end (i.e. end farthest from the bell) of the oral arms in rhizostome medusae such as Mastigias; usually one per oral arm (i.e. eight per medusa). See an example in [[Mastigias]]. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Trait: '''A particular feature or character; a distinguishing quality; a characteristic; an attribute.&lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2424">This glossary contains definitions of scientific terms used in The Scyphozoan. If you cannot find a word you did not understand, please write to the webmaster, including the word and the URL for the page on which it occurs. We will add it to the glossary. Thank you!&lt;br&gt; 

----

[[Image:Aurelia ephyra KAR.jpg|border|right|282x183px|The earliest medusoid stage.]]&lt;br&gt; '''Ephyra: '''The earliest medusoid stage. ''pl.'' ephyrae.&amp;nbsp;The ephyra is just a few millimeters in diameter, free swimming, and preys on smaller plankton.('''pictured''') 

&lt;br&gt; '''Life-history''': The development and growth of an individual organism often presented as a series of stages characteristic of a particular species or group of species. Reproduction by mature organisms begins the life-history again, leading to the idea of a life-cycle. See life-cycle in [[Ecology]] section. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Medusoid:''' Having the characteristics of a medusa. ('''pictured below''') &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:GLKMastigias.jpg|border|left|345x241px|This medusa is about 20cm long.]] 

&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|border|center|357x196px|The medusa stage of Aurelia.]]&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Ontogeny:''' The development and growth of an individual organism from zygote until death, often conceived as being through progressive stages. See life-history.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Strobilation:''' The process by which a polyp differentiates and asexually produces new medusae. See also ephyra. [[Image:Strobila.jpg|border|right|236x294px|Strobila just a few centimeters long.]]('''pictured''')&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Synapomorphy:''' A shared derived character; a character that is shared by two or more taxa (e.g. species) and evolved in their common ancestor, thus indicating their common evolutionary descent (and distinguishing them from other taxa that do not have this character state).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Taxa:''' plural of taxon. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Taxon:''' The named taxonomic unit (e.g. Aurelia aurita, Ulmaridae, Semaeostomeae, Scyphozoa) to which individuals or groups of species are assigned. pl. taxa. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Terminal club:''' The pendulous appendage at the distal end (i.e. end farthest from the bell) of the oral arms in rhizostome medusae such as Mastigias; usually one per oral arm (i.e. eight per medusa). See an example in [[Mastigias]]. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Trait: '''A particular feature or character; a distinguishing quality; a characteristic; an attribute.&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:All]]</text>
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      <comment>re-cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2429">This glossary contains definitions of scientific terms used in The Scyphozoan. If you cannot find a word you did not understand, please write to the webmaster, including the word and the URL for the page on which it occurs. We will add it to the glossary. Thank you!&lt;br&gt; 

----

[[Image:Aurelia ephyra KAR.jpg|border|right|282x183px|The earliest medusoid stage.]]&lt;br&gt; '''Ephyra: '''The earliest medusoid stage. ''pl.'' ephyrae.&amp;nbsp;The ephyra is just a few millimeters in diameter, free swimming, and preys on smaller plankton.('''pictured''') 

&lt;br&gt; '''Life-history''': The development and growth of an individual organism often presented as a series of stages characteristic of a particular species or group of species. Reproduction by mature organisms begins the life-history again, leading to the idea of a life-cycle. See life-cycle in [[Ecology]] section. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Medusoid:''' Having the characteristics of a medusa. ('''pictured below''') &lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:GLKMastigias.jpg|border|left|345x241px|This medusa is about 20cm long.]] 

&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|border|center|357x196px|The medusa stage of Aurelia.]]&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Ontogeny:''' The development and growth of an individual organism from zygote until death, often conceived as being through progressive stages. See life-history.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Strobilation:''' The process by which a polyp differentiates and asexually produces new medusae. See also ephyra. [[Image:Strobila.jpg|border|right|236x294px|Strobila just a few centimeters long.]]('''pictured''')&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Synapomorphy:''' A shared derived character; a character that is shared by two or more taxa (e.g. species) and evolved in their common ancestor, thus indicating their common evolutionary descent (and distinguishing them from other taxa that do not have this character state).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Taxa:''' plural of taxon. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Taxon:''' The named taxonomic unit (e.g. Aurelia aurita, Ulmaridae, Semaeostomeae, Scyphozoa) to which individuals or groups of species are assigned. pl. taxa. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Terminal club:''' The pendulous appendage at the distal end (i.e. end farthest from the bell) of the oral arms in rhizostome medusae such as Mastigias; usually one per oral arm (i.e. eight per medusa). See an example in [[Mastigias]]. 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Trait: '''A particular feature or character; a distinguishing quality; a characteristic; an attribute.&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Articles]]</text>
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      <comment>[[H. antarcticus Pfeffer 1889]] moved to [[H. antarcticus]]: Link from Stauromedusae page needs to be formatted in appropriate manner = ''[[H. antarcticus]]''</comment>
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      <comment>New page:  == ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 == &lt;br&gt;   On King George Island commonly found on summer periods over red algae and rocks exposed during low tides. Stauromedusae ranging from ...</comment>
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== ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 ==
&lt;br&gt; 

On King George Island commonly found on summer periods over red algae and rocks exposed during low tides. Stauromedusae ranging from 3.5-16.2 mm height. Conical calyx clearly distinct from stalk. Eight arms, each with 6-224 capitate tentacles. Living specimens red-orange or green, depending on the substrate. Anchors present. Stalk four-chambered. Specimens from Antarctic Peninsula islands, south Chile and Argentina are considered the same species. Molecular data related the species with an inconspicuous small cnidarian formerly assigned to the class Hydrozoa (''Microhydrula limopsicola'').




References
Carlgren, O. 1930. Die Lucernariden. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903 2:1-18.
Miranda, L.S., A.G. Collins, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2010. Molecules clarify a cnidarian life cycle – The &quot;hydrozoan&quot; ''Microhydrula limopsicola'' is an early life stage of the staurozoan ''Haliclystus antarcticus''. PLoS one 5:e10182.
Miranda, L.S., A.C. Morandini, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2009. Taxonomic review of ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer, 1889 (Stauromedusae, Staurozoa, Cnidaria), with remarks on the genus ''Haliclystus'' Clark, 1863. Polar Biology 32:1507-1519.
Pfeffer, G. 1889. Zur Fauna der Süd-Georgien. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 6:37-55.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1420">== ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 ==
&lt;br&gt; 

On King George Island commonly found on summer periods over red algae and rocks exposed during low tides. Stauromedusae ranging from 3.5-16.2 mm height. Conical calyx clearly distinct from stalk. Eight arms, each with 6-224 capitate tentacles. Living specimens red-orange or green, depending on the substrate. Anchors present. Stalk four-chambered. Specimens from Antarctic Peninsula islands, south Chile and Argentina are considered the same species. Molecular data related the species with an inconspicuous small cnidarian formerly assigned to the class Hydrozoa (''Microhydrula limopsicola'').


[[Image:Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_17fev2007_lo.jpg]]


References
Carlgren, O. 1930. Die Lucernariden. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903 2:1-18.
Miranda, L.S., A.G. Collins, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2010. Molecules clarify a cnidarian life cycle – The &quot;hydrozoan&quot; ''Microhydrula limopsicola'' is an early life stage of the staurozoan ''Haliclystus antarcticus''. PLoS one 5:e10182.
Miranda, L.S., A.C. Morandini, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2009. Taxonomic review of ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer, 1889 (Stauromedusae, Staurozoa, Cnidaria), with remarks on the genus ''Haliclystus'' Clark, 1863. Polar Biology 32:1507-1519.
Pfeffer, G. 1889. Zur Fauna der Süd-Georgien. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 6:37-55.</text>
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      <comment>[[H. antarcticus Pfeffer 1889]] moved to [[H. antarcticus]]: Link from Stauromedusae page needs to be formatted in appropriate manner = ''[[H. antarcticus]]''</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1420">== ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 ==
&lt;br&gt; 

On King George Island commonly found on summer periods over red algae and rocks exposed during low tides. Stauromedusae ranging from 3.5-16.2 mm height. Conical calyx clearly distinct from stalk. Eight arms, each with 6-224 capitate tentacles. Living specimens red-orange or green, depending on the substrate. Anchors present. Stalk four-chambered. Specimens from Antarctic Peninsula islands, south Chile and Argentina are considered the same species. Molecular data related the species with an inconspicuous small cnidarian formerly assigned to the class Hydrozoa (''Microhydrula limopsicola'').


[[Image:Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_17fev2007_lo.jpg]]


References
Carlgren, O. 1930. Die Lucernariden. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903 2:1-18.
Miranda, L.S., A.G. Collins, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2010. Molecules clarify a cnidarian life cycle – The &quot;hydrozoan&quot; ''Microhydrula limopsicola'' is an early life stage of the staurozoan ''Haliclystus antarcticus''. PLoS one 5:e10182.
Miranda, L.S., A.C. Morandini, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2009. Taxonomic review of ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer, 1889 (Stauromedusae, Staurozoa, Cnidaria), with remarks on the genus ''Haliclystus'' Clark, 1863. Polar Biology 32:1507-1519.
Pfeffer, G. 1889. Zur Fauna der Süd-Georgien. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 6:37-55.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1499">== ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 ==
&lt;br&gt; 

On King George Island commonly found on summer periods over red algae and rocks exposed during low tides. Stauromedusae ranging from 3.5-16.2 mm height. Conical calyx clearly distinct from stalk. Eight arms, each with 6-224 capitate tentacles. Living specimens red-orange or green, depending on the substrate. Anchors present. Stalk four-chambered. Specimens from Antarctic Peninsula islands, south Chile and Argentina are considered the same species. Molecular data related the species with an inconspicuous small cnidarian formerly assigned to the class Hydrozoa (''Microhydrula limopsicola'').


[[Image:Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_17fev2007_lo.jpg]]
hi resolution image [[Media: Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_17fev2007_hi.jpg]]

References
Carlgren, O. 1930. Die Lucernariden. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903 2:1-18.
Miranda, L.S., A.G. Collins, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2010. Molecules clarify a cnidarian life cycle – The &quot;hydrozoan&quot; ''Microhydrula limopsicola'' is an early life stage of the staurozoan ''Haliclystus antarcticus''. PLoS one 5:e10182.
Miranda, L.S., A.C. Morandini, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2009. Taxonomic review of ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer, 1889 (Stauromedusae, Staurozoa, Cnidaria), with remarks on the genus ''Haliclystus'' Clark, 1863. Polar Biology 32:1507-1519.
Pfeffer, G. 1889. Zur Fauna der Süd-Georgien. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 6:37-55.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1506">== ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 ==
&lt;br&gt; 

On King George Island commonly found on summer periods over red algae and rocks exposed during low tides. Stauromedusae ranging from 3.5-16.2 mm height. Conical calyx clearly distinct from stalk. Eight arms, each with 6-224 capitate tentacles. Living specimens red-orange or green, depending on the substrate. Anchors present. Stalk four-chambered. Specimens from Antarctic Peninsula islands, south Chile and Argentina are considered the same species. Molecular data related the species with an inconspicuous small cnidarian formerly assigned to the class Hydrozoa (''Microhydrula limopsicola'').


[[Image:Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_17fev2007_lo.jpg]]   &lt;br&gt;
hi resolution image [[Media: Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_17fev2007_hi.jpg]]

References
Carlgren, O. 1930. Die Lucernariden. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903 2:1-18.
Miranda, L.S., A.G. Collins, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2010. Molecules clarify a cnidarian life cycle – The &quot;hydrozoan&quot; ''Microhydrula limopsicola'' is an early life stage of the staurozoan ''Haliclystus antarcticus''. PLoS one 5:e10182.
Miranda, L.S., A.C. Morandini, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2009. Taxonomic review of ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer, 1889 (Stauromedusae, Staurozoa, Cnidaria), with remarks on the genus ''Haliclystus'' Clark, 1863. Polar Biology 32:1507-1519.
Pfeffer, G. 1889. Zur Fauna der Süd-Georgien. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 6:37-55.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1534">== ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 ==
&lt;br&gt; 

On King George Island commonly found on summer periods over red algae and rocks exposed during low tides. Stauromedusae ranging from 3.5-16.2 mm height. Conical calyx clearly distinct from stalk. Eight arms, each with 6-224 capitate tentacles. Living specimens red-orange or green, depending on the substrate. Anchors present. Stalk four-chambered. Specimens from Antarctic Peninsula islands, south Chile and Argentina are considered the same species. Molecular data related the species with an inconspicuous small cnidarian formerly assigned to the class Hydrozoa (''Microhydrula limopsicola'').


[[Image:Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_17fev2007_lo.jpg]]   &lt;br&gt;
hi resolution image [[Media: Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_17fev2007_hi.jpg]]    &lt;br&gt;

References
Carlgren, O. 1930. Die Lucernariden. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903 2:1-18. &lt;br&gt;
Miranda, L.S., A.G. Collins, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2010. Molecules clarify a cnidarian life cycle – The &quot;hydrozoan&quot; ''Microhydrula limopsicola'' is an early life stage of the staurozoan ''Haliclystus antarcticus''. PLoS one 5:e10182. &lt;br&gt;
Miranda, L.S., A.C. Morandini, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2009. Taxonomic review of ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer, 1889 (Stauromedusae, Staurozoa, Cnidaria), with remarks on the genus ''Haliclystus'' Clark, 1863. Polar Biology 32:1507-1519. &lt;br&gt;
Pfeffer, G. 1889. Zur Fauna der Süd-Georgien. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 6:37-55. &lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1545">== ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 ==
&lt;br&gt; 

On King George Island commonly found on summer periods over red algae and rocks exposed during low tides. Stauromedusae ranging from 3.5-16.2 mm height. Conical calyx clearly distinct from stalk. Eight arms, each with 6-224 capitate tentacles. Living specimens red-orange or green, depending on the substrate. Anchors present. Stalk four-chambered. Specimens from Antarctic Peninsula islands, south Chile and Argentina are considered the same species. Molecular data related the species with an inconspicuous small cnidarian formerly assigned to the class Hydrozoa (''Microhydrula limopsicola'').


[[Image:Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_17fev2007_lo.jpg]]   &lt;br&gt;
hi resolution image [[Media: Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_17fev2007_hi.jpg]]    &lt;br&gt;

'''References''' &lt;br&gt;
Carlgren, O. 1930. Die Lucernariden. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903 2:1-18. &lt;br&gt;
Miranda, L.S., A.G. Collins, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2010. Molecules clarify a cnidarian life cycle – The &quot;hydrozoan&quot; ''Microhydrula limopsicola'' is an early life stage of the staurozoan ''Haliclystus antarcticus''. PLoS one 5:e10182. &lt;br&gt;
Miranda, L.S., A.C. Morandini, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2009. Taxonomic review of ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer, 1889 (Stauromedusae, Staurozoa, Cnidaria), with remarks on the genus ''Haliclystus'' Clark, 1863. Polar Biology 32:1507-1519. &lt;br&gt;
Pfeffer, G. 1889. Zur Fauna der Süd-Georgien. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 6:37-55. &lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1551">== ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 ==
&lt;br&gt; 

On King George Island commonly found on summer periods over red algae and rocks exposed during low tides. Stauromedusae ranging from 3.5-16.2 mm height. Conical calyx clearly distinct from stalk. Eight arms, each with 6-224 capitate tentacles. Living specimens red-orange or green, depending on the substrate. Anchors present. Stalk four-chambered. Specimens from Antarctic Peninsula islands, south Chile and Argentina are considered the same species. Molecular data related the species with an inconspicuous small cnidarian formerly assigned to the class Hydrozoa (''Microhydrula limopsicola'').


[[Image:Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_17fev2007_lo.jpg]]   &lt;br&gt;
hi resolution image [[Media: Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_17fev2007_hi.jpg]]    &lt;br&gt;  &lt;br&gt;

'''References''' &lt;br&gt;
Carlgren, O. 1930. Die Lucernariden. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903 2:1-18. &lt;br&gt;
Miranda, L.S., A.G. Collins, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2010. Molecules clarify a cnidarian life cycle – The &quot;hydrozoan&quot; ''Microhydrula limopsicola'' is an early life stage of the staurozoan ''Haliclystus antarcticus''. PLoS one 5:e10182. &lt;br&gt;
Miranda, L.S., A.C. Morandini, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2009. Taxonomic review of ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer, 1889 (Stauromedusae, Staurozoa, Cnidaria), with remarks on the genus ''Haliclystus'' Clark, 1863. Polar Biology 32:1507-1519. &lt;br&gt;
Pfeffer, G. 1889. Zur Fauna der Süd-Georgien. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 6:37-55. &lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1551">== ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 ==
&lt;br&gt; 

On King George Island commonly found on summer periods over red algae and rocks exposed during low tides. Stauromedusae ranging from 3.5-16.2 mm height. Conical calyx clearly distinct from stalk. Eight arms, each with 6-224 capitate tentacles. Living specimens red-orange or green, depending on the substrate. Anchors present. Stalk four-chambered. Specimens from Antarctic Peninsula islands, south Chile and Argentina are considered the same species. Molecular data related the species with an inconspicuous small cnidarian formerly assigned to the class Hydrozoa (''Microhydrula limopsicola'').


[[Image:Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_17fev2007_lo.jpg]]   &lt;br&gt;
hi resolution image [[Media: Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_17fev2007_hi.jpg]]    &lt;br&gt;  &lt;br&gt;

'''References''' &lt;br&gt;
Carlgren, O. 1930. Die Lucernariden. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903 2:1-18. &lt;br&gt;
Miranda, L.S., A.G. Collins, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2010. Molecules clarify a cnidarian life cycle – The &quot;hydrozoan&quot; ''Microhydrula limopsicola'' is an early life stage of the staurozoan ''Haliclystus antarcticus''. PLoS one 5:e10182. &lt;br&gt;
Miranda, L.S., A.C. Morandini, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2009. Taxonomic review of ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer, 1889 (Stauromedusae, Staurozoa, Cnidaria), with remarks on the genus ''Haliclystus'' Clark, 1863. Polar Biology 32:1507-1519. &lt;br&gt;
Pfeffer, G. 1889. Zur Fauna der Süd-Georgien. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 6:37-55. &lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1765">[[Image:Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_17fev2007_lo.jpg|thumb|270px|right|''Haliclystus antarcticus'' attached to rock surface.]]
[[Image:Haliclystus antarcticus 1C.jpg|thumb|270px|right|Two ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' specimens attached to the rock and red algae thallus. Scale bar – 1.2 cm.]]

'''''Haliclystus antarcticus''''' Pfeffer 1889 is a species of [[Stauromedusae]] from Antarctic waters.

==Morphology, habits and life cycle==

On King George Island commonly found on summer periods over red algae and rocks exposed during low tides. Stauromedusae ranging from 3.5-16.2 mm height. Conical calyx clearly distinct from stalk. Eight arms, each with 6-224 capitate tentacles. Living specimens red-orange or green, depending on the substrate. Anchors present. Stalk four-chambered. Specimens from Antarctic Peninsula islands, south Chile and Argentina are considered the same species. Molecular data related the species with an inconspicuous small cnidarian formerly assigned to the class Hydrozoa (''Microhydrula limopsicola'').

== References ==
* Carlgren, O. 1930. Die Lucernariden. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903 2: 1-18.
* Miranda, L.S., A.G. Collins, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2010. Molecules clarify a cnidarian life cycle – The &quot;hydrozoan&quot; ''Microhydrula limopsicola'' is an early life stage of the staurozoan ''Haliclystus antarcticus''. PLoS one 5: e10182.
* Miranda, L.S., A.C. Morandini, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2009. Taxonomic review of ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer, 1889 (Stauromedusae, Staurozoa, Cnidaria), with remarks on the genus ''Haliclystus'' Clark, 1863. Polar Biology 32: 1507-1519.
* Pfeffer, G. 1889. Zur Fauna der Süd-Georgien. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 6: 37-55.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1789">[[Image:Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_17fev2007_lo.jpg|thumb|270px|right|''Haliclystus antarcticus'' attached to rock surface.]]
[[Image:Haliclystus antarcticus 1C.jpg|thumb|270px|right|Two ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' specimens attached to the rock and red algae thallus. Scale bar – 1.2 cm.]]

'''''Haliclystus antarcticus''''' Pfeffer 1889 is a species of [[Stauromedusae]] from Antarctic waters.

==Morphology, habits and life cycle==

On King George Island commonly found on summer periods over red algae and rocks exposed during low tides. Stauromedusae ranging from 3.5-16.2 mm height. Conical calyx clearly distinct from stalk. Eight arms, each with 6-224 capitate tentacles. Living specimens red-orange or green, depending on the substrate. Anchors present. Stalk four-chambered. Specimens from Antarctic Peninsula islands, south Chile and Argentina are considered the same species. Molecular data related the species with an inconspicuous small cnidarian formerly assigned to the class Hydrozoa (''Microhydrula limopsicola'').

== References ==
* Carlgren, O. 1930. Die Lucernariden. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903 2: 1-18.
* Miranda, L.S., A.G. Collins, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2010. Molecules clarify a cnidarian life cycle – The &quot;hydrozoan&quot; ''Microhydrula limopsicola'' is an early life stage of the staurozoan ''Haliclystus antarcticus''. PLoS one 5: e10182.
* Miranda, L.S., A.C. Morandini, &amp; A.C. Marques. 2009. Taxonomic review of ''Haliclystus antarcticus'' Pfeffer, 1889 (Stauromedusae, Staurozoa, Cnidaria), with remarks on the genus ''Haliclystus'' Clark, 1863. Polar Biology 32: 1507-1519.
* Pfeffer, G. 1889. Zur Fauna der Süd-Georgien. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 6: 37-55.

[[Category:Staurozoa]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Help</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>158</id>
    <revision>
      <id>671</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T03:05:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: == How to link == {| |- ||'''Description''' ||'''You type'''	 ||'''You get''' |- |Internal link |&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; |[[Main Page]] |- |Piped link  |&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main ...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8850">== How to link ==
{|
|-
||'''Description'''
||'''You type'''	
||'''You get'''
|-
|Internal link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page]]
|-
|Piped link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page|different text]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page|different text]]
|-
|External link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;http://mediawiki.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|http://mediawiki.org
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
different title
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
numbered
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org]
|-
|Anchor link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[#See also]]
|-
|Anchor link at another page
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Help:Images#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Help:Images#See also]]
|-
|Category link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:Category:Help]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[:Category:Help]]
|-
|Internal link to image file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.jpg]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.jpg]]
|-
|Internal link to pdf file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.pdf]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.pdf]]
|-
|Interwiki link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]
|-
|mailto link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[mailto:info@example.org email me]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[mailto:info@example.org email me]
|-
|redirect
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#REDIRECT [[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
| &amp;rarr; [[Main Page]]
|}



== Text formatting markup ==

{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
|'''Description'''
|'''You type'''	
|'''You get'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''applies anywhere''
|-
|Italic text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;''italic''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|''italic''
|-
| Bold text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''bold'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''bold'''
|-
| Bold and italic
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''''bold &amp; italic'''''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''''bold &amp; italic'''''
|-
|Escape wiki markup
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;no &quot;markup&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;no ''markup''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
|Fixed width text
|
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''only at the beginning of the line''
|-
| Indent text
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:Single indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;::Double indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:::::Multiple indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
:Single indent
::Double indent
:::::Multiple indent
|-
|Headings of&lt;br /&gt;
different levels &lt;ref&gt;An article with four or more headings will automatically create a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Section#Table_of_contents_.28TOC.29 table of contents].&lt;/ref&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=level 1=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Use of a level 1 heading is '''''highly discouraged''''' as it appears with the same formatting and size as the page title, which can be confusing.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;==level 2==&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;===level 3===&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;====level 4====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=====level 5=====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;======level 6======&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!-- little hack to prevent TOC viewing --&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 188%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 150%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 132%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:[[[http://www.example.com link title]]#Redirect [[—[[Category:]]]]]}}&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 86%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 80%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
|-
|Horizontal rule
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;----&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
----
|-
|Bullet list
|
&amp;#42; one&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; two&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; three&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and one-third&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and two-thirds&lt;br&gt;
|
* one
* two
* three
** three and one-third
** three and two-thirds
|-
|Numbered list
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;spanning several lines&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;without breaking the numbering&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; three&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two&lt;br&gt;spanning several lines&lt;br&gt;without breaking the numbering
# three
## three point one
## three point two
|-
| Mixture of bulleted&lt;br /&gt; and numbered lists
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two
#* two point one
#* two point two
|-
|Definition list
|
&amp;#59;Definition&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 1&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 2&lt;br /&gt;
|
;Definition
:item 1
:item 2
|-
|Preformatted text
|
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;preformatted text is done with&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;a space at the&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;beginning of the line&lt;br /&gt;
|
 preformatted text is done with
 a space at the 
 beginning of the line
|-
|Preformatted text with no indentation
|
&amp;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pre&gt; some preformatted text with no indentation &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;pre&gt;
some preformatted
text with no indentation
&lt;/pre&gt;
|-
|Blockquotes
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text

|-
|Comment
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;|}

== Image Syntax ==
The full syntax for displaying an image is:
 &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:{name}|{options}]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Where options can be zero or more of the following, separated by pipes:
*&lt;code&gt;thumb&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;thumbnail&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;frame&lt;/code&gt;: Controls how the image is formatted
*&lt;code&gt;left&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;right&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;center&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;none&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;baseline&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;sub&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;super&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;middle&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;bottom&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-bottom&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the vertical alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;{width}px&lt;/code&gt;: Resizes the image to the given width in pixels
*&lt;code&gt;{caption text}&lt;/code&gt;: Must not end with &quot;px&quot;
* Special cases:
** &lt;code&gt;page=1&lt;/code&gt;: displays the specified page when showing a djvu file.

The options can be given in any order. If a given option does not match any of the other possibilities, it is assumed to be the caption text. Caption text can contain wiki links or other formatting.

See also: [[http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Images Mediawiki Help:Images]]

== Wiki table markup summary ==

{|cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;600&quot;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;{|&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table start'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|+&lt;/nowiki&gt; || table '''caption,''' ''optional;'' only between '''table start''' and first '''table row'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|-&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table row,''' ''optional on first row'' -- wiki engine assumes the first row
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;!&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table header''' cell, ''optional.'' Consecutive '''table header''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (!!) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (!).
|- 
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table data''' cell, ''required!'' Consecutive '''table data''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;||&lt;/nowiki&gt;) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;).
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table end'''
|}
*The above marks must '''start on a new line''' except the double || and !! for optionally adding consecutive cells to a line.
*'''XHTML attributes.''' Each mark, except table end, optionally accepts one or more XHTML attributes. Attributes must be on the same line as the mark. Separate attributes from each other with a single space. 
**Cells and caption (&lt;nowiki&gt;| or ||, ! or !!, and |+&lt;/nowiki&gt;) hold content. So separate any attributes from content with a single pipe (|). Cell content may follow on same line or on following lines.
**Table and row marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;{| and |-&lt;/nowiki&gt;) do not directly hold content. Do ''not'' add pipe (|) after their optional attributes. If you erroneously add a pipe after attributes for the table mark or row mark the parser will delete it ''and'' your final attribute if it was touching the erroneous pipe!
*'''Content''' may (a) follow its cell mark on the same line after any optional XHTML attributes or (b) on lines below the cell mark. Content that uses wiki markup that itself needs to start on a new line, such as lists, headers, or nested tables, must of course be on its own new line.

See also: [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Tables Mediawiki Help:Tables]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1128</id>
      <parentid>671</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:01:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+category</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8868">== How to link ==
{|
|-
||'''Description'''
||'''You type'''	
||'''You get'''
|-
|Internal link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page]]
|-
|Piped link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page|different text]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page|different text]]
|-
|External link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;http://mediawiki.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|http://mediawiki.org
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
different title
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
numbered
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org]
|-
|Anchor link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[#See also]]
|-
|Anchor link at another page
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Help:Images#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Help:Images#See also]]
|-
|Category link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:Category:Help]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[:Category:Help]]
|-
|Internal link to image file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.jpg]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.jpg]]
|-
|Internal link to pdf file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.pdf]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.pdf]]
|-
|Interwiki link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]
|-
|mailto link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[mailto:info@example.org email me]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[mailto:info@example.org email me]
|-
|redirect
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#REDIRECT [[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
| &amp;rarr; [[Main Page]]
|}



== Text formatting markup ==

{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
|'''Description'''
|'''You type'''	
|'''You get'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''applies anywhere''
|-
|Italic text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;''italic''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|''italic''
|-
| Bold text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''bold'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''bold'''
|-
| Bold and italic
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''''bold &amp; italic'''''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''''bold &amp; italic'''''
|-
|Escape wiki markup
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;no &quot;markup&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;no ''markup''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
|Fixed width text
|
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''only at the beginning of the line''
|-
| Indent text
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:Single indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;::Double indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:::::Multiple indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
:Single indent
::Double indent
:::::Multiple indent
|-
|Headings of&lt;br /&gt;
different levels &lt;ref&gt;An article with four or more headings will automatically create a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Section#Table_of_contents_.28TOC.29 table of contents].&lt;/ref&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=level 1=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Use of a level 1 heading is '''''highly discouraged''''' as it appears with the same formatting and size as the page title, which can be confusing.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;==level 2==&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;===level 3===&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;====level 4====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=====level 5=====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;======level 6======&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!-- little hack to prevent TOC viewing --&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 188%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 150%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 132%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:[[[http://www.example.com link title]]#Redirect [[—[[Category:]]]]]}}&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 86%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 80%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
|-
|Horizontal rule
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;----&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
----
|-
|Bullet list
|
&amp;#42; one&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; two&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; three&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and one-third&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and two-thirds&lt;br&gt;
|
* one
* two
* three
** three and one-third
** three and two-thirds
|-
|Numbered list
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;spanning several lines&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;without breaking the numbering&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; three&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two&lt;br&gt;spanning several lines&lt;br&gt;without breaking the numbering
# three
## three point one
## three point two
|-
| Mixture of bulleted&lt;br /&gt; and numbered lists
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two
#* two point one
#* two point two
|-
|Definition list
|
&amp;#59;Definition&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 1&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 2&lt;br /&gt;
|
;Definition
:item 1
:item 2
|-
|Preformatted text
|
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;preformatted text is done with&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;a space at the&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;beginning of the line&lt;br /&gt;
|
 preformatted text is done with
 a space at the 
 beginning of the line
|-
|Preformatted text with no indentation
|
&amp;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pre&gt; some preformatted text with no indentation &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;pre&gt;
some preformatted
text with no indentation
&lt;/pre&gt;
|-
|Blockquotes
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text

|-
|Comment
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;|}

== Image Syntax ==
The full syntax for displaying an image is:
 &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:{name}|{options}]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Where options can be zero or more of the following, separated by pipes:
*&lt;code&gt;thumb&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;thumbnail&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;frame&lt;/code&gt;: Controls how the image is formatted
*&lt;code&gt;left&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;right&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;center&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;none&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;baseline&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;sub&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;super&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;middle&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;bottom&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-bottom&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the vertical alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;{width}px&lt;/code&gt;: Resizes the image to the given width in pixels
*&lt;code&gt;{caption text}&lt;/code&gt;: Must not end with &quot;px&quot;
* Special cases:
** &lt;code&gt;page=1&lt;/code&gt;: displays the specified page when showing a djvu file.

The options can be given in any order. If a given option does not match any of the other possibilities, it is assumed to be the caption text. Caption text can contain wiki links or other formatting.

See also: [[http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Images Mediawiki Help:Images]]

== Wiki table markup summary ==

{|cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;600&quot;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;{|&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table start'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|+&lt;/nowiki&gt; || table '''caption,''' ''optional;'' only between '''table start''' and first '''table row'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|-&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table row,''' ''optional on first row'' -- wiki engine assumes the first row
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;!&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table header''' cell, ''optional.'' Consecutive '''table header''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (!!) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (!).
|- 
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table data''' cell, ''required!'' Consecutive '''table data''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;||&lt;/nowiki&gt;) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;).
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table end'''
|}
*The above marks must '''start on a new line''' except the double || and !! for optionally adding consecutive cells to a line.
*'''XHTML attributes.''' Each mark, except table end, optionally accepts one or more XHTML attributes. Attributes must be on the same line as the mark. Separate attributes from each other with a single space. 
**Cells and caption (&lt;nowiki&gt;| or ||, ! or !!, and |+&lt;/nowiki&gt;) hold content. So separate any attributes from content with a single pipe (|). Cell content may follow on same line or on following lines.
**Table and row marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;{| and |-&lt;/nowiki&gt;) do not directly hold content. Do ''not'' add pipe (|) after their optional attributes. If you erroneously add a pipe after attributes for the table mark or row mark the parser will delete it ''and'' your final attribute if it was touching the erroneous pipe!
*'''Content''' may (a) follow its cell mark on the same line after any optional XHTML attributes or (b) on lines below the cell mark. Content that uses wiki markup that itself needs to start on a new line, such as lists, headers, or nested tables, must of course be on its own new line.

See also: [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Tables Mediawiki Help:Tables]

[[Category:All]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1189</id>
      <parentid>1128</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:37:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8878">== How to link ==
{|
|-
||'''Description'''
||'''You type'''	
||'''You get'''
|-
|Internal link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page]]
|-
|Piped link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page|different text]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page|different text]]
|-
|External link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;http://mediawiki.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|http://mediawiki.org
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
different title
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
numbered
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org]
|-
|Anchor link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[#See also]]
|-
|Anchor link at another page
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Help:Images#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Help:Images#See also]]
|-
|Category link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:Category:Help]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[:Category:Help]]
|-
|Internal link to image file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.jpg]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.jpg]]
|-
|Internal link to pdf file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.pdf]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.pdf]]
|-
|Interwiki link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]
|-
|mailto link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[mailto:info@example.org email me]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[mailto:info@example.org email me]
|-
|redirect
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#REDIRECT [[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
| &amp;rarr; [[Main Page]]
|}



== Text formatting markup ==

{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
|'''Description'''
|'''You type'''	
|'''You get'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''applies anywhere''
|-
|Italic text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;''italic''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|''italic''
|-
| Bold text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''bold'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''bold'''
|-
| Bold and italic
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''''bold &amp; italic'''''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''''bold &amp; italic'''''
|-
|Escape wiki markup
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;no &quot;markup&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;no ''markup''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
|Fixed width text
|
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''only at the beginning of the line''
|-
| Indent text
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:Single indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;::Double indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:::::Multiple indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
:Single indent
::Double indent
:::::Multiple indent
|-
|Headings of&lt;br /&gt;
different levels &lt;ref&gt;An article with four or more headings will automatically create a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Section#Table_of_contents_.28TOC.29 table of contents].&lt;/ref&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=level 1=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Use of a level 1 heading is '''''highly discouraged''''' as it appears with the same formatting and size as the page title, which can be confusing.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;==level 2==&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;===level 3===&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;====level 4====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=====level 5=====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;======level 6======&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!-- little hack to prevent TOC viewing --&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 188%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 150%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 132%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:[[[http://www.example.com link title]]#Redirect [[—[[Category:]]]]]}}&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 86%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 80%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
|-
|Horizontal rule
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;----&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
----
|-
|Bullet list
|
&amp;#42; one&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; two&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; three&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and one-third&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and two-thirds&lt;br&gt;
|
* one
* two
* three
** three and one-third
** three and two-thirds
|-
|Numbered list
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;spanning several lines&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;without breaking the numbering&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; three&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two&lt;br&gt;spanning several lines&lt;br&gt;without breaking the numbering
# three
## three point one
## three point two
|-
| Mixture of bulleted&lt;br /&gt; and numbered lists
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two
#* two point one
#* two point two
|-
|Definition list
|
&amp;#59;Definition&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 1&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 2&lt;br /&gt;
|
;Definition
:item 1
:item 2
|-
|Preformatted text
|
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;preformatted text is done with&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;a space at the&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;beginning of the line&lt;br /&gt;
|
 preformatted text is done with
 a space at the 
 beginning of the line
|-
|Preformatted text with no indentation
|
&amp;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pre&gt; some preformatted text with no indentation &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;pre&gt;
some preformatted
text with no indentation
&lt;/pre&gt;
|-
|Blockquotes
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text

|-
|Comment
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;|}

== Image Syntax ==
The full syntax for displaying an image is:
 &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:{name}|{options}]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Where options can be zero or more of the following, separated by pipes:
*&lt;code&gt;thumb&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;thumbnail&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;frame&lt;/code&gt;: Controls how the image is formatted
*&lt;code&gt;left&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;right&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;center&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;none&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;baseline&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;sub&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;super&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;middle&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;bottom&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-bottom&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the vertical alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;{width}px&lt;/code&gt;: Resizes the image to the given width in pixels
*&lt;code&gt;{caption text}&lt;/code&gt;: Must not end with &quot;px&quot;
* Special cases:
** &lt;code&gt;page=1&lt;/code&gt;: displays the specified page when showing a djvu file.

The options can be given in any order. If a given option does not match any of the other possibilities, it is assumed to be the caption text. Caption text can contain wiki links or other formatting.

See also: [[http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Images Mediawiki Help:Images]]

== Wiki table markup summary ==

{|cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;600&quot;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;{|&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table start'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|+&lt;/nowiki&gt; || table '''caption,''' ''optional;'' only between '''table start''' and first '''table row'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|-&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table row,''' ''optional on first row'' -- wiki engine assumes the first row
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;!&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table header''' cell, ''optional.'' Consecutive '''table header''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (!!) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (!).
|- 
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table data''' cell, ''required!'' Consecutive '''table data''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;||&lt;/nowiki&gt;) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;).
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table end'''
|}
*The above marks must '''start on a new line''' except the double || and !! for optionally adding consecutive cells to a line.
*'''XHTML attributes.''' Each mark, except table end, optionally accepts one or more XHTML attributes. Attributes must be on the same line as the mark. Separate attributes from each other with a single space. 
**Cells and caption (&lt;nowiki&gt;| or ||, ! or !!, and |+&lt;/nowiki&gt;) hold content. So separate any attributes from content with a single pipe (|). Cell content may follow on same line or on following lines.
**Table and row marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;{| and |-&lt;/nowiki&gt;) do not directly hold content. Do ''not'' add pipe (|) after their optional attributes. If you erroneously add a pipe after attributes for the table mark or row mark the parser will delete it ''and'' your final attribute if it was touching the erroneous pipe!
*'''Content''' may (a) follow its cell mark on the same line after any optional XHTML attributes or (b) on lines below the cell mark. Content that uses wiki markup that itself needs to start on a new line, such as lists, headers, or nested tables, must of course be on its own new line.

See also: [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Tables Mediawiki Help:Tables]

[[Category:Special Pages]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1195</id>
      <parentid>1189</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:42:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>wiki-code correction</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8801">== How to link ==
{|
|-
||'''Description'''
||'''You type'''	
||'''You get'''
|-
|Internal link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page]]
|-
|Piped link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page|different text]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page|different text]]
|-
|External link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;http://mediawiki.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|http://mediawiki.org
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
different title
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
numbered
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org]
|-
|Anchor link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[#See also]]
|-
|Anchor link at another page
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Help:Images#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Help:Images#See also]]
|-
|Category link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:Category:Help]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[:Category:Help]]
|-
|Internal link to image file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.jpg]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.jpg]]
|-
|Internal link to pdf file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.pdf]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.pdf]]
|-
|Interwiki link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]
|-
|mailto link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[mailto:info@example.org email me]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[mailto:info@example.org email me]
|-
|redirect
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#REDIRECT [[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
| &amp;rarr; [[Main Page]]
|}



== Text formatting markup ==

{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
|'''Description'''
|'''You type'''	
|'''You get'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''applies anywhere''
|-
|Italic text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;''italic''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|''italic''
|-
| Bold text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''bold'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''bold'''
|-
| Bold and italic
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''''bold &amp; italic'''''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''''bold &amp; italic'''''
|-
|Escape wiki markup
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;no &quot;markup&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;no ''markup''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
|Fixed width text
|
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''only at the beginning of the line''
|-
| Indent text
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:Single indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;::Double indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:::::Multiple indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
:Single indent
::Double indent
:::::Multiple indent
|-
|Headings of&lt;br /&gt;
different levels &lt;ref&gt;An article with four or more headings will automatically create a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Section#Table_of_contents_.28TOC.29 table of contents].&lt;/ref&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=level 1=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Use of a level 1 heading is '''''highly discouraged''''' as it appears with the same formatting and size as the page title, which can be confusing.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;==level 2==&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;===level 3===&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;====level 4====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=====level 5=====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;======level 6======&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!-- little hack to prevent TOC viewing --&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 188%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 150%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 132%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 86%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 80%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
|-
|Horizontal rule
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;----&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
----
|-
|Bullet list
|
&amp;#42; one&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; two&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; three&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and one-third&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and two-thirds&lt;br&gt;
|
* one
* two
* three
** three and one-third
** three and two-thirds
|-
|Numbered list
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;spanning several lines&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;without breaking the numbering&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; three&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two&lt;br&gt;spanning several lines&lt;br&gt;without breaking the numbering
# three
## three point one
## three point two
|-
| Mixture of bulleted&lt;br /&gt; and numbered lists
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two
#* two point one
#* two point two
|-
|Definition list
|
&amp;#59;Definition&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 1&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 2&lt;br /&gt;
|
;Definition
:item 1
:item 2
|-
|Preformatted text
|
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;preformatted text is done with&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;a space at the&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;beginning of the line&lt;br /&gt;
|
 preformatted text is done with
 a space at the 
 beginning of the line
|-
|Preformatted text with no indentation
|
&amp;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pre&gt; some preformatted text with no indentation &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;pre&gt;
some preformatted
text with no indentation
&lt;/pre&gt;
|-
|Blockquotes
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text

|-
|Comment
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;|}

== Image Syntax ==
The full syntax for displaying an image is:
 &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:{name}|{options}]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Where options can be zero or more of the following, separated by pipes:
*&lt;code&gt;thumb&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;thumbnail&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;frame&lt;/code&gt;: Controls how the image is formatted
*&lt;code&gt;left&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;right&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;center&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;none&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;baseline&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;sub&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;super&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;middle&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;bottom&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-bottom&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the vertical alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;{width}px&lt;/code&gt;: Resizes the image to the given width in pixels
*&lt;code&gt;{caption text}&lt;/code&gt;: Must not end with &quot;px&quot;
* Special cases:
** &lt;code&gt;page=1&lt;/code&gt;: displays the specified page when showing a djvu file.

The options can be given in any order. If a given option does not match any of the other possibilities, it is assumed to be the caption text. Caption text can contain wiki links or other formatting.

See also: [[http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Images Mediawiki Help:Images]]

== Wiki table markup summary ==

{|cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;600&quot;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;{|&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table start'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|+&lt;/nowiki&gt; || table '''caption,''' ''optional;'' only between '''table start''' and first '''table row'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|-&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table row,''' ''optional on first row'' -- wiki engine assumes the first row
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;!&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table header''' cell, ''optional.'' Consecutive '''table header''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (!!) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (!).
|- 
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table data''' cell, ''required!'' Consecutive '''table data''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;||&lt;/nowiki&gt;) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;).
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table end'''
|}
*The above marks must '''start on a new line''' except the double || and !! for optionally adding consecutive cells to a line.
*'''XHTML attributes.''' Each mark, except table end, optionally accepts one or more XHTML attributes. Attributes must be on the same line as the mark. Separate attributes from each other with a single space. 
**Cells and caption (&lt;nowiki&gt;| or ||, ! or !!, and |+&lt;/nowiki&gt;) hold content. So separate any attributes from content with a single pipe (|). Cell content may follow on same line or on following lines.
**Table and row marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;{| and |-&lt;/nowiki&gt;) do not directly hold content. Do ''not'' add pipe (|) after their optional attributes. If you erroneously add a pipe after attributes for the table mark or row mark the parser will delete it ''and'' your final attribute if it was touching the erroneous pipe!
*'''Content''' may (a) follow its cell mark on the same line after any optional XHTML attributes or (b) on lines below the cell mark. Content that uses wiki markup that itself needs to start on a new line, such as lists, headers, or nested tables, must of course be on its own new line.

== See also ==

* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Tables Mediawiki Help:Tables]

[[Category:Special Pages]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Identify a jellyfish</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>216</id>
    <revision>
      <id>887</id>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T14:19:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''How to Identify a Jellyfish'''  Step 1. Learn what makes jellyfish different species.  Step 2. Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.  Step 3. Send your jellyfish to a special...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="209">'''How to Identify a Jellyfish'''

Step 1. Learn what makes jellyfish different species.

Step 2. Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.

Step 3. Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>888</id>
      <parentid>887</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T14:29:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5022">'''How to Identify a Jellyfish'''

''Step 1. Learn what makes jellyfish different species.''

Like any other species, jellyfish can be distinguished by the way they look or behave, by their DNA, and by the places that they live.  Combining all three provides the most robust identification.  


''Step 2. Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.''


''Step 3. Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.''

Identify and sequence any scyphozoan for free! If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA, then send pictures and a sample to us! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you.&amp;nbsp; 

==== Genetic Barcodes&lt;br&gt;  ====

Like the UPC system of barcodes employed to uniquely identify manufactured goods, a single genetic marker could provide an universal barcode system that uniquely identifies all animals on Earth (Hebert et al. 2003). Cytochrome Oxidase c subunit I (COI) has been adopted by the Census of Marine Life (COML) as the preferred genetic barcode. COML is recommending the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA, also known as 18S), which forms the basis of the Tree of Life project, as a second elective barcode 

Although there are limitations to the use of genetic barcodes—for example COI and 18S may not reflect important ecological, morphological, or adaptive genetic variation, and COI is not useful for phylogenetic reconstruction of anciently diverged species—a standardized genetic toolkit for helping to identify species is an important step toward a comprehensive global inventory of biodiversity. 

See [http://www.coreocean.org/Dev2Go.web?id=255158| COML's DNA barcoding protocol] and [http://www.barcodinglife.org/views/login.php Barcoding Life] for detailed explanations and additional resources. 

To send in your samples follow the steps below:&lt;br&gt; 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of DNA&quot; for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of Medusae&quot; for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Provide information about the collection

&lt;u&gt;When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:&lt;/u&gt; 

'''Geographic location''' 

'''Depth''' 

'''Date''' (of collection)&amp;nbsp; 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name) 

'''Photograph''' 

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) &lt;br&gt; 

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>889</id>
      <parentid>888</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T14:46:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5508">'''How to Identify a Jellyfish'''

''Step 1. Learn what makes jellyfish different species.''

Like any other species, jellyfish can be distinguished by the way their 'phenotype' (i.e. [[Media:anatomy]], [[Media:behavior]], morphology, physiology), by the places that they live (their [[Media:biogeography]]), and by their DNA.  Although combining information on phenotype, biogeography, and DNA provides the most robust identifications, all three options are not available to most people most of the time; for example, specialist facilities are required for DNA sequencing.  Fortunately, jellyfishes usually can be identified at least to genus, and often species, by their appearance in the field, i.e. by measuring a set of informative anatomical or morphological characters.  


''Step 2. Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.''


''Step 3. Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.''

Identify and sequence any scyphozoan for free! If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA, then send pictures and a sample to us! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you.&amp;nbsp; 

==== Genetic Barcodes&lt;br&gt;  ====

Like the UPC system of barcodes employed to uniquely identify manufactured goods, a single genetic marker could provide an universal barcode system that uniquely identifies all animals on Earth (Hebert et al. 2003). Cytochrome Oxidase c subunit I (COI) has been adopted by the Census of Marine Life (COML) as the preferred genetic barcode. COML is recommending the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA, also known as 18S), which forms the basis of the Tree of Life project, as a second elective barcode 

Although there are limitations to the use of genetic barcodes—for example COI and 18S may not reflect important ecological, morphological, or adaptive genetic variation, and COI is not useful for phylogenetic reconstruction of anciently diverged species—a standardized genetic toolkit for helping to identify species is an important step toward a comprehensive global inventory of biodiversity. 

See [http://www.coreocean.org/Dev2Go.web?id=255158| COML's DNA barcoding protocol] and [http://www.barcodinglife.org/views/login.php Barcoding Life] for detailed explanations and additional resources. 

To send in your samples follow the steps below:&lt;br&gt; 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of DNA&quot; for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of Medusae&quot; for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Provide information about the collection

&lt;u&gt;When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:&lt;/u&gt; 

'''Geographic location''' 

'''Depth''' 

'''Date''' (of collection)&amp;nbsp; 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name) 

'''Photograph''' 

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) &lt;br&gt; 

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>890</id>
      <parentid>889</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T14:53:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5508">'''How to Identify a Jellyfish'''

'''''Step 1.''' Learn what makes jellyfish different species.''

Like any other species, jellyfish can be distinguished by the way their 'phenotype' (i.e. [[anatomy]], [[behavior]], morphology, physiology), by the places that they live (their [[biogeography]]), and by their DNA.  Although combining information on phenotype, biogeography, and DNA provides the most robust identifications, all three options are not available to most people most of the time; for example, specialist facilities are required for DNA sequencing.  Fortunately, jellyfishes usually can be identified at least to genus, and often species, by their appearance in the field, i.e. by measuring a set of informative anatomical or morphological characters.  


'''''Step 2.''' Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.''


'''''Step 3.''' Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.''

Identify and sequence any scyphozoan for free! If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA, then send pictures and a sample to us! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you.&amp;nbsp; 

==== Genetic Barcodes&lt;br&gt;  ====

Like the UPC system of barcodes employed to uniquely identify manufactured goods, a single genetic marker could provide an universal barcode system that uniquely identifies all animals on Earth (Hebert et al. 2003). Cytochrome Oxidase c subunit I (COI) has been adopted by the Census of Marine Life (COML) as the preferred genetic barcode. COML is recommending the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA, also known as 18S), which forms the basis of the Tree of Life project, as a second elective barcode 

Although there are limitations to the use of genetic barcodes—for example COI and 18S may not reflect important ecological, morphological, or adaptive genetic variation, and COI is not useful for phylogenetic reconstruction of anciently diverged species—a standardized genetic toolkit for helping to identify species is an important step toward a comprehensive global inventory of biodiversity. 

See [http://www.coreocean.org/Dev2Go.web?id=255158| COML's DNA barcoding protocol] and [http://www.barcodinglife.org/views/login.php Barcoding Life] for detailed explanations and additional resources. 

To send in your samples follow the steps below:&lt;br&gt; 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of DNA&quot; for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of Medusae&quot; for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Provide information about the collection

&lt;u&gt;When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:&lt;/u&gt; 

'''Geographic location''' 

'''Depth''' 

'''Date''' (of collection)&amp;nbsp; 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name) 

'''Photograph''' 

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) &lt;br&gt; 

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>892</id>
      <parentid>890</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T15:01:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4324">'''How to Identify a Jellyfish'''

'''''Step 1.''' Learn what makes jellyfish different species.''

Like any other species, jellyfish can be distinguished by the way their phenotype (i.e. [[anatomy]], [[behavior]], morphology, physiology), by the places that they live (their [[biogeography]]), and by their DNA.  Although combining information on phenotype, biogeography, and [[DNA]] provides the most robust identifications, all three options are not available to most people most of the time; for example, specialist facilities are required for DNA sequencing.  Fortunately, jellyfishes usually can be identified at least to genus, and often species, by their appearance in the field, i.e. by measuring a set of informative anatomical or morphological characters.  


'''''Step 2.''' Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.''


'''''Step 3.''' Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.''

If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA (for free!), then send pictures and a sample to us! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you.&amp;nbsp; 

To send in your samples follow the steps below:&lt;br&gt; 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of DNA&quot; for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of Medusae&quot; for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Provide information about the collection

&lt;u&gt;When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:&lt;/u&gt; 

'''Geographic location''' 

'''Depth''' 

'''Date''' (of collection)&amp;nbsp; 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name) 

'''Photograph''' 

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) &lt;br&gt; 

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>895</id>
      <parentid>892</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T15:05:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4414">== '''How to Identify a Jellyfish'''  ==

'''''Step 1.''' Learn what makes jellyfish different species.'' 

Like any other species, jellyfish can be distinguished by the way their phenotype (i.e. [[Anatomy]], [[Behavior]], morphology, physiology), by the places that they live (their [[Biogeography]]), and by their DNA. Although combining information on phenotype, biogeography, and [[DNA]] provides the most robust identifications, all three options are not available to most people most of the time; for example, specialist facilities are required for DNA sequencing. Fortunately, jellyfishes usually can be identified at least to genus, and often species, by their appearance in the field, i.e. by measuring a set of informative anatomical or morphological characters. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 2.''' Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.'' 

A polychotomous key to identify scyphozoan jellyfishes is in development.

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 3.''' Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.'' 

If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA (for free!), then send pictures and a sample to us! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you.&amp;nbsp; 

To send in your samples follow the steps below:&lt;br&gt; 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of DNA&quot; for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of Medusae&quot; for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Provide information about the collection

&lt;u&gt;When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:&lt;/u&gt; 

'''Geographic location''' 

'''Depth''' 

'''Date''' (of collection)&amp;nbsp; 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name) 

'''Photograph''' 

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) &lt;br&gt; 

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>896</id>
      <parentid>895</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T15:09:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4482">== '''How to Identify a Jellyfish'''  ==

'''''Step 1.''' Learn what makes jellyfish different species.'' 

Like any other species, jellyfish can be distinguished by the way their phenotype (i.e. [[Anatomy]], [[Behavior]], morphology, physiology), by the places that they live (their [[Biogeography]]), and by their DNA. Although combining information on phenotype, biogeography, and [[DNA]] provides the most robust identifications, all three options are not available to most people most of the time; for example, specialist facilities are required for DNA sequencing. Fortunately, jellyfishes usually can be identified at least to genus, and often species, by their appearance in the field, i.e. by measuring a set of informative anatomical or morphological characters. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 2.''' Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.'' 

A polychotomous key to identify scyphozoan jellyfishes is in development. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 3.''' Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.'' 

If you've found a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA (for free!), then send pictures and a sample to the address below! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you.&amp;nbsp; 

To send in your samples follow the steps below:&lt;br&gt; 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of DNA&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of Medusae&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Provide information about the collection

&lt;u&gt;When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:&lt;/u&gt; 

'''Geographic location''' 

'''Depth''' 

'''Date''' (of collection)&amp;nbsp; 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name) 

'''Photograph''' 

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) &lt;br&gt; 

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1150</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4507">== '''How to Identify a Jellyfish'''  ==

'''''Step 1.''' Learn what makes jellyfish different species.'' 

Like any other species, jellyfish can be distinguished by the way their phenotype (i.e. [[Anatomy]], [[Behavior]], morphology, physiology), by the places that they live (their [[Biogeography]]), and by their DNA. Although combining information on phenotype, biogeography, and [[DNA]] provides the most robust identifications, all three options are not available to most people most of the time; for example, specialist facilities are required for DNA sequencing. Fortunately, jellyfishes usually can be identified at least to genus, and often species, by their appearance in the field, i.e. by measuring a set of informative anatomical or morphological characters. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 2.''' Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.'' 

A polychotomous key to identify scyphozoan jellyfishes is in development. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 3.''' Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.'' 

If you've found a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA (for free!), then send pictures and a sample to the address below! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you.&amp;nbsp; 

To send in your samples follow the steps below:&lt;br&gt; 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of DNA&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of Medusae&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Provide information about the collection

&lt;u&gt;When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:&lt;/u&gt; 

'''Geographic location''' 

'''Depth''' 

'''Date''' (of collection)&amp;nbsp; 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name) 

'''Photograph''' 

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) &lt;br&gt; 

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

[[Category:Identification| ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1499</id>
      <parentid>1150</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>AdamHenry</username>
        <id>67</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4712">== '''How to Identify a Jellyfish'''  ==

'''''Step 1.''' Learn what makes jellyfish different species.'' 

Like any other species, jellyfish can be distinguished by the way their phenotype (i.e. [[Anatomy]], [[Behavior]], morphology, physiology), by the places that they live (their [[Biogeography]]), and by their DNA. Although combining information on phenotype, biogeography, and [[DNA]] provides the most robust identifications, all three options are not available to most people most of the time; for example, specialist facilities are required for DNA sequencing. Fortunately, jellyfishes usually can be identified at least to genus, and often species, by their appearance in the field, i.e. by measuring a set of informative anatomical or morphological characters. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 2.''' Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.'' 

A polychotomous key to identify scyphozoan jellyfishes is in development. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 3.''' Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.'' 

If you've found a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA (for free!), then send pictures and a sample to the address below! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you.&amp;nbsp; 

To send in your samples follow the steps below:&lt;br&gt; 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of DNA&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of Medusae&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Provide information about the collection

&lt;u&gt;When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:&lt;/u&gt; 

'''Geographic location''' 

'''Depth''' 

'''Date''' (of collection)&amp;nbsp; 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name) 

'''Photograph''' 

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) &lt;br&gt; 

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

[[Category:Identification| ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1504</id>
      <parentid>1499</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-13T18:21:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SiennaBrowne</username>
        <id>80</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4961">== '''How to Identify a Jellyfish'''  ==

'''''Step 1.''' Learn what makes jellyfish different species.'' 

Like any other species, jellyfish can be distinguished by the way their phenotype (i.e. [[Anatomy]], [[Behavior]], morphology, physiology), by the places that they live (their [[Biogeography]]), and by their DNA. Although combining information on phenotype, biogeography, and [[DNA]] provides the most robust identifications, all three options are not available to most people most of the time; for example, specialist facilities are required for DNA sequencing. Fortunately, jellyfishes usually can be identified at least to genus, and often species, by their appearance in the field, i.e. by measuring a set of informative anatomical or morphological characters. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 2.''' Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.'' 

A polychotomous key to identify scyphozoan jellyfishes is in development. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 3.''' Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.'' 

If you've found a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA (for free!), then send pictures and a sample to the address below! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you.&amp;nbsp; 

To send in your samples follow the steps below:&lt;br&gt; 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of DNA&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of Medusae&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Provide information about the collection

&lt;u&gt;When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:&lt;/u&gt; 

'''Geographic location''' 

'''Depth''' 

'''Date''' (of collection)&amp;nbsp; 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name) 

'''Photograph''' 

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) &lt;br&gt; 

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com/purebiotix-review.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt; purebiotix diet pill review&lt;/span&gt;] to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

[[Category:Identification| ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1532</id>
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        <username>SammyWilson</username>
        <id>40</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5169">== '''How to Identify a Jellyfish'''  ==

'''''Step 1.''' Learn what makes jellyfish different species.'' 

Like any other species, jellyfish can be distinguished by the way their phenotype (i.e. [[Anatomy]], [[Behavior]], morphology, physiology), by the places that they live (their [[Biogeography]]), and by their DNA. Although combining information on phenotype, biogeography, and [[DNA]] provides the most robust identifications, all three options are not available to most people most of the time; for example, specialist facilities are required for DNA sequencing. Fortunately, jellyfishes usually can be identified at least to genus, and often &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;iphone photography&lt;/span&gt;] species, by their appearance in the field, i.e. by measuring a set of informative anatomical or morphological characters. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 2.''' Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.'' 

A polychotomous key to identify scyphozoan jellyfishes is in development. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 3.''' Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.'' 

If you've found a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA (for free!), then send pictures and a sample to the address below! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you.&amp;nbsp; 

To send in your samples follow the steps below:&lt;br&gt; 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of DNA&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of Medusae&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Provide information about the collection

&lt;u&gt;When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:&lt;/u&gt; 

'''Geographic location''' 

'''Depth''' 

'''Date''' (of collection)&amp;nbsp; 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name) 

'''Photograph''' 

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) &lt;br&gt; 

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com/purebiotix-review.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt; purebiotix diet pill review&lt;/span&gt;] to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

[[Category:Identification| ]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2011-10-01T02:17:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SammyWilson</username>
        <id>40</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5408">== '''How to Identify a Jellyfish'''  ==

'''''Step 1.''' Learn what makes jellyfish different species.'' 

Like any other species, jellyfish can be distinguished by the way their phenotype (i.e. [[Anatomy]], [[Behavior]], morphology, physiology), by the places that they live (their [[Biogeography]]), and by their DNA. Although combining information on phenotype, biogeography, and [[DNA]] provides the most robust identifications, all three options are not available to most people most of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/stafford-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Stafford DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;] the time; for example, specialist facilities are required for DNA sequencing. Fortunately, jellyfishes usually can be identified at least to genus, and often &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;iphone photography&lt;/span&gt;] species, by their appearance in the field, i.e. by measuring a set of informative anatomical or morphological characters. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 2.''' Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.'' 

A polychotomous key to identify scyphozoan jellyfishes is in development. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 3.''' Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.'' 

If you've found a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA (for free!), then send pictures and a sample to the address below! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you.&amp;nbsp; 

To send in your samples follow the steps below:&lt;br&gt; 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of DNA&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of Medusae&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Provide information about the collection

&lt;u&gt;When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:&lt;/u&gt; 

'''Geographic location''' 

'''Depth''' 

'''Date''' (of collection)&amp;nbsp; 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name) 

'''Photograph''' 

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) &lt;br&gt; 

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com/purebiotix-review.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt; purebiotix diet pill review&lt;/span&gt;] to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

[[Category:Identification| ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1556</id>
      <parentid>1533</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-06T04:00:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Carmelo101</username>
        <id>43</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5611">== '''How to Identify a Jellyfish'''  ==

'''''Step 1.''' Learn what makes jellyfish different species.'' 

Like any other species, jellyfish can be distinguished by the way their phenotype (i.e. [[Anatomy]], [[Behavior]], morphology, physiology), by the places that they live (their [[Biogeography]]), and by their DNA. Although combining information on phenotype, biogeography, and [[DNA]] provides the most robust identifications, all three options are not available to most people most of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/stafford-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Stafford DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;] the time; for example, specialist facilities are required for DNA sequencing. Fortunately, jellyfishes usually can be identified at least to genus, and often &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;iphone photography&lt;/span&gt;] species, by their appearance in the field, i.e. by measuring a set of informative anatomical or morphological &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] characters. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 2.''' Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.'' 

A polychotomous key to identify scyphozoan jellyfishes is in development. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 3.''' Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.'' 

If you've found a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA (for free!), then send pictures and a sample to the address below! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you.&amp;nbsp; 

To send in your samples follow the steps below:&lt;br&gt; 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of DNA&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of Medusae&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Provide information about the collection

&lt;u&gt;When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:&lt;/u&gt; 

'''Geographic location''' 

'''Depth''' 

'''Date''' (of collection)&amp;nbsp; 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name) 

'''Photograph''' 

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) &lt;br&gt; 

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com/purebiotix-review.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt; purebiotix diet pill review&lt;/span&gt;] to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

[[Category:Identification| ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1669</id>
      <parentid>1556</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-11-15T12:04:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MatildaHarris</username>
        <id>172</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5815">== '''How to Identify a Jellyfish'''  ==

'''''Step 1.''' Learn what makes jellyfish different species.'' 

Like any other species, jellyfish can be distinguished by the way their phenotype (i.e. [[Anatomy]], [[Behavior]], morphology, physiology), by the places that they live (their [[Biogeography]]), and by their DNA. Although combining information on phenotype, biogeography, and [[DNA]] provides the most robust identifications, all three options are not available to most people most of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/stafford-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Stafford DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;] the time; for example, specialist facilities are required for DNA sequencing. Fortunately, jellyfishes usually can be identified at least to genus, and often &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;iphone photography&lt;/span&gt;] species, by their appearance in the field, i.e. by measuring a set of informative anatomical or morphological &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] characters. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 2.''' Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.'' 

A polychotomous key to identify scyphozoan jellyfishes is in development. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 3.''' Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.'' 

If you've found a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA (for free!), then send pictures and a sample &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.netlook.com.br/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt; roupas da moda&lt;/span&gt;] to the address below! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you.&amp;nbsp; 

To send in your samples follow the steps below:&lt;br&gt; 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of DNA&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of Medusae&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Provide information about the collection

&lt;u&gt;When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:&lt;/u&gt; 

'''Geographic location''' 

'''Depth''' 

'''Date''' (of collection)&amp;nbsp; 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name) 

'''Photograph''' 

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) &lt;br&gt; 

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com/purebiotix-review.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt; purebiotix diet pill review&lt;/span&gt;] to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

[[Category:Identification| ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1670</id>
      <parentid>1669</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-11-17T13:42:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bsen</username>
        <id>230</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7696">== '''How to Identify a Jellyfish'''  ==

'''''Step 1.''' Learn what makes jellyfish different species.'' 

Like any other species, jellyfish can be distinguished by the way their phenotype (i.e. [[Anatomy]], [[Behavior]], morphology, physiology), by the places that they live (their [[Biogeography]]), and by their DNA. Although combining information on phenotype, biogeography, and [[DNA]] provides the most robust identifications, all three options are not available to most people most of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/stafford-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Stafford DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;] the time; for example, specialist facilities are required for DNA sequencing. Fortunately, jellyfishes usually can be identified at least to genus, and often &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;iphone photography&lt;/span&gt;] species, by their appearance in the field, i.e. by measuring a set of informative anatomical or morphological &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] characters. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 2.''' Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.'' 

A polychotomous key to identify scyphozoan jellyfishes is in development. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 3.''' Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.'' 

If you've found a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA (for free!), then send pictures and a sample &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.netlook.com.br/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt; roupas da moda&lt;/span&gt;] to the address below! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you.&amp;nbsp; 

To send in your samples follow the steps below:&lt;br&gt; 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of DNA&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of Medusae&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Provide information about the collection

&lt;u&gt;When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:&lt;/u&gt; 

'''Geographic location''' 

'''Depth''' 

'''Date''' (of collection)&amp;nbsp; 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name) 

'''Photograph''' 

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) &lt;br&gt; 

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://maleextrareviews.info/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:#000000;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;maleextra&lt;/span&gt;] realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.smartpixels.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:#000000;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;seo India&lt;/span&gt;] appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.herbalweightlossaid.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:#000000;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;slimming pills&lt;/span&gt;] restrictions, we will only be able &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com/purebiotix-review.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt; purebiotix diet pill review&lt;/span&gt;] to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.eyesecretsreview.info/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:#000000;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;eye secrets&lt;/span&gt;] location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.instantperformeroil.info/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:#000000;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;instant performer&lt;/span&gt;] samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.performer5pills.info/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:#000000;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;performer5&lt;/span&gt;] intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://buysexualenhancers.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:#000000;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;sexual enhancers&lt;/span&gt;] conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://buybreastenlargement.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:#000000;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;breast enlargements&lt;/span&gt;] matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.intivarreview.info/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:#000000;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;intivar&lt;/span&gt;] anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

[[Category:Identification| ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1767</id>
      <parentid>1670</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-02-03T05:38:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Conditions */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5565">== '''How to Identify a Jellyfish'''  ==

'''''Step 1.''' Learn what makes jellyfish different species.'' 

Like any other species, jellyfish can be distinguished by the way their phenotype (i.e. [[Anatomy]], [[Behavior]], morphology, physiology), by the places that they live (their [[Biogeography]]), and by their DNA. Although combining information on phenotype, biogeography, and [[DNA]] provides the most robust identifications, all three options are not available to most people most of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/stafford-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Stafford DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;] the time; for example, specialist facilities are required for DNA sequencing. Fortunately, jellyfishes usually can be identified at least to genus, and often &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;iphone photography&lt;/span&gt;] species, by their appearance in the field, i.e. by measuring a set of informative anatomical or morphological &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] characters. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 2.''' Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.'' 

A polychotomous key to identify scyphozoan jellyfishes is in development. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 3.''' Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.'' 

If you've found a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA (for free!), then send pictures and a sample &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.netlook.com.br/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt; roupas da moda&lt;/span&gt;] to the address below! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you.&amp;nbsp; 

To send in your samples follow the steps below:&lt;br&gt; 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of DNA&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of Medusae&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Provide information about the collection

&lt;u&gt;When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:&lt;/u&gt; 

'''Geographic location''' 

'''Depth''' 

'''Date''' (of collection)&amp;nbsp; 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name) 

'''Photograph''' 

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) &lt;br&gt; 

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt;

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

[[Category:Identification| ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1768</id>
      <parentid>1767</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-02-03T05:39:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Shipping */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5579">== '''How to Identify a Jellyfish'''  ==

'''''Step 1.''' Learn what makes jellyfish different species.'' 

Like any other species, jellyfish can be distinguished by the way their phenotype (i.e. [[Anatomy]], [[Behavior]], morphology, physiology), by the places that they live (their [[Biogeography]]), and by their DNA. Although combining information on phenotype, biogeography, and [[DNA]] provides the most robust identifications, all three options are not available to most people most of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/stafford-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Stafford DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;] the time; for example, specialist facilities are required for DNA sequencing. Fortunately, jellyfishes usually can be identified at least to genus, and often &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;iphone photography&lt;/span&gt;] species, by their appearance in the field, i.e. by measuring a set of informative anatomical or morphological &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] characters. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 2.''' Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.'' 

A polychotomous key to identify scyphozoan jellyfishes is in development. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 3.''' Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.'' 

If you've found a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA (for free!), then send pictures and a sample &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.netlook.com.br/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt; roupas da moda&lt;/span&gt;] to the address below! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you.&amp;nbsp; 

To send in your samples follow the steps below:&lt;br&gt; 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of DNA&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of Medusae&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Provide information about the collection

&lt;u&gt;When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:&lt;/u&gt; 

'''Geographic location''' 

'''Depth''' 

'''Date''' (of collection)&amp;nbsp; 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name) 

'''Photograph''' 

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) &lt;br&gt; 

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt;

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''University of California, Merced &lt;br&gt; ATTN: Dr. Michael Dawson &lt;br&gt; Facilities Services Building A  &lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95343 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

[[Category:Identification| ]]</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1769</id>
      <parentid>1768</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-02-03T05:40:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* How to Identify a Jellyfish */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4520">== '''How to Identify a Jellyfish'''  ==

'''''Step 1.''' Learn what makes jellyfish different species.'' 

Like any other species, jellyfish can be distinguished by the way their phenotype (i.e. [[Anatomy]], [[Behavior]], morphology, physiology), by the places that they live (their [[Biogeography]]), and by their DNA. Although combining information on phenotype, biogeography, and [[DNA]] provides the most robust identifications, all three options are not available to most people most of the time; for example, specialist facilities are required for DNA sequencing. Fortunately, jellyfishes usually can be identified at least to genus, and often species, by their appearance in the field, i.e. by measuring a set of informative anatomical or morphological characters. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 2.''' Use the scyphozoan jellyfish identification key.'' 

A polychotomous key to identify scyphozoan jellyfishes is in development. 

&lt;br&gt; '''''Step 3.''' Send your jellyfish to a specialist for confirmation.'' 

If you've found a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA (for free!), then send pictures and a sample to the address below! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you.&amp;nbsp; 

To send in your samples follow the steps below:&lt;br&gt; 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of DNA&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of Medusae&quot; on the [[methods]] page for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Provide information about the collection

&lt;u&gt;When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:&lt;/u&gt; 

'''Geographic location''' 

'''Depth''' 

'''Date''' (of collection)&amp;nbsp; 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name) 

'''Photograph''' 

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) &lt;br&gt; 

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt;

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''University of California, Merced &lt;br&gt; ATTN: Dr. Michael Dawson &lt;br&gt; Facilities Services Building A  &lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95343 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

[[Category:Identification| ]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jellyfish</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>58</id>
    <revision>
      <id>379</id>
      <timestamp>2008-12-19T07:41:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Jellyfish is, in its strictest sense, the common term for scyphomedusae.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="72">Jellyfish is, in its strictest sense, the common term for scyphomedusae.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1173</id>
      <parentid>379</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:25:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="96">Jellyfish is, in its strictest sense, the common term for scyphomedusae.

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Links</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>144</id>
    <revision>
      <id>643</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-13T19:58:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: If you know of any good links, please [mailto:mndawson@unsw.edu.au let us know].   ==Topics==  '''Cnidaria homepage''' http://www.ucihs.uci.edu/biochem/steele/default.html  Links to many u...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2581">If you know of any good links, please [mailto:mndawson@unsw.edu.au let us know].


==Topics==

'''Cnidaria homepage'''
http://www.ucihs.uci.edu/biochem/steele/default.html

Links to many useful pages on Scyphozoa and Cubomedusae as well as to the other members of the Cnidaria: Anthozoa and Hydrozoa.


'''Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL)'''
http://cnidarian.info

Contacts, data, and much more from the CnidToL project


'''DockWatch'''
http://dockwatch.disl.org/overview.htm

Regularly updated searchable database reporting jellyfish sightings throughout the Gulf of Mexico.


'''Introduction to Cubomedusae'''
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cubozoa.html

A detailed description of many facets of the Cubomedusae.


'''Mapping sea-nettles in the Chesapeake Bay'''
http://coastwatch.noaa.gov/seanettles/

Maps of probable sea nettle presence in the Chesapeake Bay


'''Marine-medic.com'''
http://www.marine-medic.com.au/

Jellyfish stings and more


'''Medusozoa home page'''
http://www.medusozoa.com/

An eclectic look at the medusae.


'''Midwater medusae'''
http://www.mbari.org/midwater/medusae/medusae2.htm

Impressive pictures of the enigmatic midwater gelatinous zooplankton (mostly Hydrozoa).


'''The Jellies Zone'''
http://www.jellieszone.com/

Information on scyphozoans and other gelatinous zooplankton. Some very strong pages on photography, and images to match. Links to related sites.


'''The Tree of Life (Cnidaria)'''
http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Cnidaria&amp;contgroup=Animals

The phylogeny of cnidarians.


'''The Tropical Australian Stinger Unit'''
http://www.jcu.edu.au/interest/stingers/

Research and information on Cubomedusae.


'''ZooBank'''
http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm

ICZN world register of animal names.


==People==

Jarms, Gerhard - http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/zim/morpho/jarms/adressen.html


==What Links Here==
'''French National Sea Experience Center'''
http://www.nausicaa.fr/

NAUSICAÄ - French National Sea Experience Center, in Boulogne-sur-Mer (Northern France), is a Science Center entirely dedicated to the relationship between Mankind and the Sea. Its goal is to incite the general public to discover the sea and to love it, while raising its awareness on the need for a better management of marine resources.
Category B544.42: Biology, Sea Sciences, Environment / Biology &amp; Oceanography / Marine Biology / Marine Zoology / Invertebrates / Cnidarians (Coral, Jellyfishes...).


'''Florida Museum of Natural History'''
http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/malacology/WEB_LINK.HTM

Malacology and marine invertebrates web resources.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>723</id>
      <parentid>643</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T22:19:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2646">If you know of any good links, please [mailto:mndawson@unsw.edu.au let us know].


==Topics==

'''Cnidaria homepage'''
http://www.ucihs.uci.edu/biochem/steele/default.html

Links to many useful pages on Scyphozoa and Cubomedusae as well as to the other members of the Cnidaria: Anthozoa and Hydrozoa.


'''Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL)'''
http://cnidarian.info

Contacts, data, and much more from the CnidToL project


'''DockWatch'''
http://dockwatch.disl.org/overview.htm

Regularly updated searchable database reporting jellyfish sightings throughout the Gulf of Mexico.


'''Introduction to Cubomedusae'''
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cubozoa.html

A detailed description of many facets of the Cubomedusae.


'''Mapping sea-nettles in the Chesapeake Bay'''
http://coastwatch.noaa.gov/seanettles/

Maps of probable sea nettle presence in the Chesapeake Bay


'''Marine-medic.com'''
http://www.marine-medic.com.au/

Jellyfish stings and more


'''Medusozoa home page'''
http://www.medusozoa.com/

An eclectic look at the medusae.


'''Midwater medusae'''
http://www.mbari.org/midwater/medusae/medusae2.htm

Impressive pictures of the enigmatic midwater gelatinous zooplankton (mostly Hydrozoa).


'''The Jellies Zone'''
http://www.jellieszone.com/

Information on scyphozoans and other gelatinous zooplankton. Some very strong pages on photography, and images to match. Links to related sites.


'''The Tree of Life (Cnidaria)'''
http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Cnidaria&amp;contgroup=Animals

The phylogeny of cnidarians.


'''The Tropical Australian Stinger Unit'''
http://www.jcu.edu.au/interest/stingers/

Research and information on Cubomedusae.


'''ZooBank'''
http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm

ICZN world register of animal names.


==People==

Jarms, Gerhard - http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/zim/morpho/jarms/adressen.html

Collins, Allen - http://invertebrates.si.edu/staff/collins.cfm



==What Links Here==
'''French National Sea Experience Center'''
http://www.nausicaa.fr/

NAUSICAÄ - French National Sea Experience Center, in Boulogne-sur-Mer (Northern France), is a Science Center entirely dedicated to the relationship between Mankind and the Sea. Its goal is to incite the general public to discover the sea and to love it, while raising its awareness on the need for a better management of marine resources.
Category B544.42: Biology, Sea Sciences, Environment / Biology &amp; Oceanography / Marine Biology / Marine Zoology / Invertebrates / Cnidarians (Coral, Jellyfishes...).


'''Florida Museum of Natural History'''
http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/malacology/WEB_LINK.HTM

Malacology and marine invertebrates web resources.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>724</id>
      <parentid>723</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T22:26:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2946">If you know of any good links, please [mailto:mndawson@unsw.edu.au let us know].


==Topics==

'''Cnidaria homepage'''
http://www.ucihs.uci.edu/biochem/steele/default.html

Links to many useful pages on Scyphozoa and Cubomedusae as well as to the other members of the Cnidaria: Anthozoa and Hydrozoa.


'''Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL)'''
http://cnidarian.info

Contacts, data, and much more from the CnidToL project


'''DockWatch'''
http://dockwatch.disl.org/overview.htm

Regularly updated searchable database reporting jellyfish sightings throughout the Gulf of Mexico.


'''Introduction to Cubomedusae'''
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cubozoa.html

A detailed description of many facets of the Cubomedusae.


'''Mapping sea-nettles in the Chesapeake Bay'''
http://coastwatch.noaa.gov/seanettles/

Maps of probable sea nettle presence in the Chesapeake Bay


'''Marine-medic.com'''
http://www.marine-medic.com.au/

Jellyfish stings and more


'''Medusozoa home page'''
http://www.medusozoa.com/

An eclectic look at the medusae.


'''Midwater medusae'''
http://www.mbari.org/midwater/medusae/medusae2.htm

Impressive pictures of the enigmatic midwater gelatinous zooplankton (mostly Hydrozoa).


'''The Jellies Zone'''
http://www.jellieszone.com/

Information on scyphozoans and other gelatinous zooplankton. Some very strong pages on photography, and images to match. Links to related sites.


'''The Tree of Life (Cnidaria)'''
http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Cnidaria&amp;contgroup=Animals

The phylogeny of cnidarians.


'''The Tropical Australian Stinger Unit'''
http://www.jcu.edu.au/interest/stingers/

Research and information on Cubomedusae.


'''ZooBank'''
http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm

ICZN world register of animal names.


==People==

Collins, Allen - http://invertebrates.si.edu/staff/collins.cfm

Dawson, Michael - http://mnd.ucmerced.edu/

Jarms, Gerhard - http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/zim/morpho/jarms/adressen.html

Pitt, Kylie - http://www.griffith.edu.au/environment-planning-architecture/griffith-school-environment/staff/dr-kylie-pitt

Purcell, Jenny - http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~purcelj3/index.htm

Uye, Shin-Ichi - http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/hubol/members/uye2.html



==What Links Here==
'''French National Sea Experience Center'''
http://www.nausicaa.fr/

NAUSICAÄ - French National Sea Experience Center, in Boulogne-sur-Mer (Northern France), is a Science Center entirely dedicated to the relationship between Mankind and the Sea. Its goal is to incite the general public to discover the sea and to love it, while raising its awareness on the need for a better management of marine resources.
Category B544.42: Biology, Sea Sciences, Environment / Biology &amp; Oceanography / Marine Biology / Marine Zoology / Invertebrates / Cnidarians (Coral, Jellyfishes...).


'''Florida Museum of Natural History'''
http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/malacology/WEB_LINK.HTM

Malacology and marine invertebrates web resources.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>725</id>
      <parentid>724</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T22:28:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2940">If you know of any good links, please [mailto:mndawson@unsw.edu.au let us know].


==Topics==

'''Cnidaria homepage'''
http://www.biochem.uci.edu/Steele/default.html

Links to many useful pages on Scyphozoa and Cubomedusae as well as to the other members of the Cnidaria: Anthozoa and Hydrozoa.


'''Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL)'''
http://cnidarian.info

Contacts, data, and much more from the CnidToL project


'''DockWatch'''
http://dockwatch.disl.org/overview.htm

Regularly updated searchable database reporting jellyfish sightings throughout the Gulf of Mexico.


'''Introduction to Cubomedusae'''
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cubozoa.html

A detailed description of many facets of the Cubomedusae.


'''Mapping sea-nettles in the Chesapeake Bay'''
http://coastwatch.noaa.gov/seanettles/

Maps of probable sea nettle presence in the Chesapeake Bay


'''Marine-medic.com'''
http://www.marine-medic.com.au/

Jellyfish stings and more


'''Medusozoa home page'''
http://www.medusozoa.com/

An eclectic look at the medusae.


'''Midwater medusae'''
http://www.mbari.org/midwater/medusae/medusae2.htm

Impressive pictures of the enigmatic midwater gelatinous zooplankton (mostly Hydrozoa).


'''The Jellies Zone'''
http://www.jellieszone.com/

Information on scyphozoans and other gelatinous zooplankton. Some very strong pages on photography, and images to match. Links to related sites.


'''The Tree of Life (Cnidaria)'''
http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Cnidaria&amp;contgroup=Animals

The phylogeny of cnidarians.


'''The Tropical Australian Stinger Unit'''
http://www.jcu.edu.au/interest/stingers/

Research and information on Cubomedusae.


'''ZooBank'''
http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm

ICZN world register of animal names.


==People==

Collins, Allen - http://invertebrates.si.edu/staff/collins.cfm

Dawson, Michael - http://mnd.ucmerced.edu/

Jarms, Gerhard - http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/zim/morpho/jarms/adressen.html

Pitt, Kylie - http://www.griffith.edu.au/environment-planning-architecture/griffith-school-environment/staff/dr-kylie-pitt

Purcell, Jenny - http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~purcelj3/index.htm

Uye, Shin-Ichi - http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/hubol/members/uye2.html



==What Links Here==
'''French National Sea Experience Center'''
http://www.nausicaa.fr/

NAUSICAÄ - French National Sea Experience Center, in Boulogne-sur-Mer (Northern France), is a Science Center entirely dedicated to the relationship between Mankind and the Sea. Its goal is to incite the general public to discover the sea and to love it, while raising its awareness on the need for a better management of marine resources.
Category B544.42: Biology, Sea Sciences, Environment / Biology &amp; Oceanography / Marine Biology / Marine Zoology / Invertebrates / Cnidarians (Coral, Jellyfishes...).


'''Florida Museum of Natural History'''
http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/malacology/WEB_LINK.HTM

Malacology and marine invertebrates web resources.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>726</id>
      <parentid>725</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T22:31:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2163">If you know of any good links, please [mailto:mndawson@unsw.edu.au let us know].


==Topics==

'''Cnidaria homepage'''
http://www.biochem.uci.edu/Steele/default.html

Links to many useful pages on Scyphozoa and Cubomedusae as well as to the other members of the Cnidaria: Anthozoa and Hydrozoa.


'''Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL)'''
http://cnidarian.info

Contacts, data, and much more from the CnidToL project


'''DockWatch'''
http://dockwatch.disl.org/overview.htm

Regularly updated searchable database reporting jellyfish sightings throughout the Gulf of Mexico.


'''Introduction to Cubomedusae'''
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cubozoa.html

A detailed description of many facets of the Cubomedusae.


'''Mapping sea-nettles in the Chesapeake Bay'''
http://coastwatch.noaa.gov/seanettles/

Maps of probable sea nettle presence in the Chesapeake Bay


'''Marine-medic.com'''
http://www.marine-medic.com.au/

Jellyfish stings and more


'''Medusozoa home page'''
http://www.medusozoa.com/

An eclectic look at the medusae.


'''Midwater medusae'''
http://www.mbari.org/midwater/medusae/medusae2.htm

Impressive pictures of the enigmatic midwater gelatinous zooplankton (mostly Hydrozoa).


'''The Jellies Zone'''
http://www.jellieszone.com/

Information on scyphozoans and other gelatinous zooplankton. Some very strong pages on photography, and images to match. Links to related sites.


'''The Tropical Australian Stinger Unit'''
http://www.jcu.edu.au/interest/stingers/

Research and information on Cubomedusae.


'''ZooBank'''
http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm

ICZN world register of animal names.


==People==

Collins, Allen - http://invertebrates.si.edu/staff/collins.cfm

Dawson, Michael - http://mnd.ucmerced.edu/

Jarms, Gerhard - http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/zim/morpho/jarms/adressen.html

Pitt, Kylie - http://www.griffith.edu.au/environment-planning-architecture/griffith-school-environment/staff/dr-kylie-pitt

Purcell, Jenny - http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~purcelj3/index.htm

Uye, Shin-Ichi - http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/hubol/members/uye2.html



==What Links Here==
'''The Scyphozoan Portal'''
http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>727</id>
      <parentid>726</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T22:33:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2280">If you know of any good links, please [mailto:mndawson@unsw.edu.au let us know].


==Topics==

'''Cnidaria homepage'''
http://www.biochem.uci.edu/Steele/default.html

Links to many useful pages on Scyphozoa and Cubomedusae as well as to the other members of the Cnidaria: Anthozoa and Hydrozoa.


'''Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL)'''
http://cnidarian.info

Contacts, data, and much more from the CnidToL project


'''DockWatch'''
http://dockwatch.disl.org/overview.htm

Regularly updated searchable database reporting jellyfish sightings throughout the Gulf of Mexico.


'''Introduction to Cubomedusae'''
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cubozoa.html

A detailed description of many facets of the Cubomedusae.


'''Mapping sea-nettles in the Chesapeake Bay'''
http://coastwatch.noaa.gov/seanettles/

Maps of probable sea nettle presence in the Chesapeake Bay


'''Marine-medic.com'''
http://www.marine-medic.com.au/

Jellyfish stings and more


'''Medusozoa home page'''
http://www.medusozoa.com/

An eclectic look at the medusae.


'''Midwater medusae'''
http://www.mbari.org/midwater/medusae/medusae2.htm

Impressive pictures of the enigmatic midwater gelatinous zooplankton (mostly Hydrozoa).


'''The Jellies Zone'''
http://www.jellieszone.com/

Information on scyphozoans and other gelatinous zooplankton. Some very strong pages on photography, and images to match. Links to related sites.


'''The Scyphozoan''' (archive)
http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/

Archive of the precursor to the Scyphozoan Wiki


'''The Tropical Australian Stinger Unit'''
http://www.jcu.edu.au/interest/stingers/

Research and information on Cubomedusae.


'''ZooBank'''
http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm

ICZN world register of animal names.


==People==

Collins, Allen - http://invertebrates.si.edu/staff/collins.cfm

Dawson, Michael - http://mnd.ucmerced.edu/

Jarms, Gerhard - http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/zim/morpho/jarms/adressen.html

Pitt, Kylie - http://www.griffith.edu.au/environment-planning-architecture/griffith-school-environment/staff/dr-kylie-pitt

Purcell, Jenny - http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~purcelj3/index.htm

Uye, Shin-Ichi - http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/hubol/members/uye2.html



==What Links Here==
'''The Scyphozoan Portal'''
http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>732</id>
      <parentid>727</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-12-22T14:33:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2430">If you know of any good links, please [mailto:mndawson@unsw.edu.au let us know].


==Topics==

'''Cnidaria homepage'''
http://www.biochem.uci.edu/Steele/default.html

Links to many useful pages on Scyphozoa and Cubomedusae as well as to the other members of the Cnidaria: Anthozoa and Hydrozoa.


'''Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL)'''
http://cnidarian.info

Contacts, data, and much more from the CnidToL project


'''DockWatch'''
http://dockwatch.disl.org/overview.htm

Regularly updated searchable database reporting jellyfish sightings throughout the Gulf of Mexico.


'''Introduction to Cubomedusae'''
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cubozoa.html

A detailed description of many facets of the Cubomedusae.


'''Mapping sea-nettles in the Chesapeake Bay'''
http://coastwatch.noaa.gov/seanettles/

Maps of probable sea nettle presence in the Chesapeake Bay


'''Marine-medic.com'''
http://www.marine-medic.com.au/

Jellyfish stings and more


'''Medusozoa home page'''
http://www.medusozoa.com/

An eclectic look at the medusae.


'''Midwater medusae'''
http://www.mbari.org/midwater/medusae/medusae2.htm

Impressive pictures of the enigmatic midwater gelatinous zooplankton (mostly Hydrozoa).


'''STOPJELLY'''
http://tnfri.fra.affrc.go.jp/kaiyo/POMALweb/e-stopjelly.html

Studies on the prediction and control of jellyfish outbreaks (Japan).


'''The Jellies Zone'''
http://www.jellieszone.com/

Information on scyphozoans and other gelatinous zooplankton. Some very strong pages on photography, and images to match. Links to related sites.


'''The Scyphozoan''' (archive)
http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/

Archive of the precursor to the Scyphozoan Wiki


'''The Tropical Australian Stinger Unit'''
http://www.jcu.edu.au/interest/stingers/

Research and information on Cubomedusae.


'''ZooBank'''
http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm

ICZN world register of animal names.


==People==

Collins, Allen - http://invertebrates.si.edu/staff/collins.cfm

Dawson, Michael - http://mnd.ucmerced.edu/

Jarms, Gerhard - http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/zim/morpho/jarms/adressen.html

Pitt, Kylie - http://www.griffith.edu.au/environment-planning-architecture/griffith-school-environment/staff/dr-kylie-pitt

Purcell, Jenny - http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~purcelj3/index.htm

Uye, Shin-Ichi - http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/hubol/members/uye2.html



==What Links Here==
'''The Scyphozoan Portal'''
http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>873</id>
      <parentid>732</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-09T14:56:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2550">If you know of any good links, please [mailto:mndawson@unsw.edu.au let us know].


==Topics==

'''Cnidaria homepage'''
http://www.biochem.uci.edu/Steele/default.html

Links to many useful pages on Scyphozoa and Cubomedusae as well as to the other members of the Cnidaria: Anthozoa and Hydrozoa.


'''Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL)'''
http://cnidarian.info

Contacts, data, and much more from the CnidToL project


'''DockWatch'''
http://dockwatch.disl.org/overview.htm

Regularly updated searchable database reporting jellyfish sightings throughout the Gulf of Mexico.


'''JellyWatch'''
http://www.jellywatch.org/

An online reporting system for jellyfish sightings throughout the World.


'''Introduction to Cubomedusae'''
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cubozoa.html

A detailed description of many facets of the Cubomedusae.


'''Mapping sea-nettles in the Chesapeake Bay'''
http://coastwatch.noaa.gov/seanettles/

Maps of probable sea nettle presence in the Chesapeake Bay


'''Marine-medic.com'''
http://www.marine-medic.com.au/

Jellyfish stings and more


'''Medusozoa home page'''
http://www.medusozoa.com/

An eclectic look at the medusae.


'''Midwater medusae'''
http://www.mbari.org/midwater/medusae/medusae2.htm

Impressive pictures of the enigmatic midwater gelatinous zooplankton (mostly Hydrozoa).


'''STOPJELLY'''
http://tnfri.fra.affrc.go.jp/kaiyo/POMALweb/e-stopjelly.html

Studies on the prediction and control of jellyfish outbreaks (Japan).


'''The Jellies Zone'''
http://www.jellieszone.com/

Information on scyphozoans and other gelatinous zooplankton. Some very strong pages on photography, and images to match. Links to related sites.


'''The Scyphozoan''' (archive)
http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/

Archive of the precursor to the Scyphozoan Wiki


'''The Tropical Australian Stinger Unit'''
http://www.jcu.edu.au/interest/stingers/

Research and information on Cubomedusae.


'''ZooBank'''
http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm

ICZN world register of animal names.


==People==

Collins, Allen - http://invertebrates.si.edu/staff/collins.cfm

Dawson, Michael - http://mnd.ucmerced.edu/

Jarms, Gerhard - http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/zim/morpho/jarms/adressen.html

Pitt, Kylie - http://www.griffith.edu.au/environment-planning-architecture/griffith-school-environment/staff/dr-kylie-pitt

Purcell, Jenny - http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~purcelj3/index.htm

Uye, Shin-Ichi - http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/hubol/members/uye2.html



==What Links Here==
'''The Scyphozoan Portal'''
http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>874</id>
      <parentid>873</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-03-05T15:57:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2658">If you know of any good links, please [mailto:mndawson@unsw.edu.au let us know].


==Topics==

'''Cnidaria homepage'''
http://www.biochem.uci.edu/Steele/default.html

Links to many useful pages on Scyphozoa and Cubomedusae as well as to the other members of the Cnidaria: Anthozoa and Hydrozoa.


'''Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL)'''
http://cnidarian.info

Contacts, data, and much more from the CnidToL project


'''DockWatch'''
http://dockwatch.disl.org/overview.htm

Regularly updated searchable database reporting jellyfish sightings throughout the Gulf of Mexico.


'''JellyWatch'''
http://www.jellywatch.org/

An online reporting system for jellyfish sightings throughout the World.


'''Introduction to Cubomedusae'''
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cubozoa.html

A detailed description of many facets of the Cubomedusae.


'''Mapping sea-nettles in the Chesapeake Bay'''
http://coastwatch.noaa.gov/seanettles/

Maps of probable sea nettle presence in the Chesapeake Bay


'''Marine-medic.com'''
http://www.marine-medic.com.au/

Jellyfish stings and more


'''Medusozoa home page'''
http://www.medusozoa.com/

An eclectic look at the medusae.


'''Midwater medusae'''
http://www.mbari.org/midwater/medusae/medusae2.htm

Impressive pictures of the enigmatic midwater gelatinous zooplankton (mostly Hydrozoa).


'''STOPJELLY'''
http://tnfri.fra.affrc.go.jp/kaiyo/POMALweb/e-stopjelly.html

Studies on the prediction and control of jellyfish outbreaks (Japan).


'''The Jellies Zone'''
http://www.jellieszone.com/

Information on scyphozoans and other gelatinous zooplankton. Some very strong pages on photography, and images to match. Links to related sites.


'''The Scyphozoan''' (archive)
http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/

Archive of the precursor to the Scyphozoan Wiki


'''The Tropical Australian Stinger Unit'''
http://www.jcu.edu.au/interest/stingers/

Research and information on Cubomedusae.


'''ZooBank'''
http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm

ICZN world register of animal names.


==People==

Collins, Allen - http://invertebrates.si.edu/staff/collins.cfm

Dawson, Michael - http://mnd.ucmerced.edu/

Graham, Monty - http://faculty.disl.org/mgraham.html

Haddock, Steve - http://www.mbari.org/staff/haddock/

Jarms, Gerhard - http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/zim/morpho/jarms/adressen.html

Pitt, Kylie - http://www.griffith.edu.au/environment-planning-architecture/griffith-school-environment/staff/dr-kylie-pitt

Purcell, Jenny - http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~purcelj3/index.htm

Uye, Shin-Ichi - http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/hubol/members/uye2.html



==What Links Here==
'''The Scyphozoan Portal'''
http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>875</id>
      <parentid>874</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-03-05T15:58:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2728">If you know of any good links, please [mailto:mndawson@unsw.edu.au let us know].


==Topics==

'''Cnidaria homepage'''
http://www.biochem.uci.edu/Steele/default.html

Links to many useful pages on Scyphozoa and Cubomedusae as well as to the other members of the Cnidaria: Anthozoa and Hydrozoa.


'''Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL)'''
http://cnidarian.info

Contacts, data, and much more from the CnidToL project


'''DockWatch'''
http://dockwatch.disl.org/overview.htm

Regularly updated searchable database reporting jellyfish sightings throughout the Gulf of Mexico.


'''JellyWatch'''
http://www.jellywatch.org/

An online reporting system for jellyfish sightings throughout the World.


'''Introduction to Cubomedusae'''
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cubozoa.html

A detailed description of many facets of the Cubomedusae.


'''Mapping sea-nettles in the Chesapeake Bay'''
http://coastwatch.noaa.gov/seanettles/

Maps of probable sea nettle presence in the Chesapeake Bay


'''Marine-medic.com'''
http://www.marine-medic.com.au/

Jellyfish stings and more


'''Medusozoa home page'''
http://www.medusozoa.com/

An eclectic look at the medusae.


'''Midwater medusae'''
http://www.mbari.org/midwater/medusae/medusae2.htm

Impressive pictures of the enigmatic midwater gelatinous zooplankton (mostly Hydrozoa).


'''STOPJELLY'''
http://tnfri.fra.affrc.go.jp/kaiyo/POMALweb/e-stopjelly.html

Studies on the prediction and control of jellyfish outbreaks (Japan).


'''The Jellies Zone'''
http://www.jellieszone.com/

Information on scyphozoans and other gelatinous zooplankton. Some very strong pages on photography, and images to match. Links to related sites.


'''The Scyphozoan''' (archive)
http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/

Archive of the precursor to the Scyphozoan Wiki


'''The Tropical Australian Stinger Unit'''
http://www.jcu.edu.au/interest/stingers/

Research and information on Cubomedusae.


'''ZooBank'''
http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm

ICZN world register of animal names.


==People==

Collins, Allen - http://invertebrates.si.edu/staff/collins.cfm

Dawson, Michael - http://mnd.ucmerced.edu/

Graham, Monty - http://faculty.disl.org/mgraham.html

Haddock, Steve - http://www.mbari.org/staff/haddock/

Jarms, Gerhard - http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/zim/morpho/jarms/adressen.html

Pitt, Kylie - http://www.griffith.edu.au/environment-planning-architecture/griffith-school-environment/staff/dr-kylie-pitt

Purcell, Jenny - http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~purcelj3/index.htm

Raskoff, Kevin - http://www.mpcfaculty.net/kevin_raskoff/default.htm

Uye, Shin-Ichi - http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/hubol/members/uye2.html



==What Links Here==
'''The Scyphozoan Portal'''
http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1053</id>
      <parentid>875</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T19:39:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2877">If you know of any good links, please [mailto:mndawson@unsw.edu.au let us know].


==Topics==

'''Cnidaria homepage'''
http://www.biochem.uci.edu/Steele/default.html

Links to many useful pages on Scyphozoa and Cubomedusae as well as to the other members of the Cnidaria: Anthozoa and Hydrozoa.


'''Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL)'''
http://cnidarian.info

Contacts, data, and much more from the CnidToL project


'''DockWatch'''
http://dockwatch.disl.org/overview.htm

Regularly updated searchable database reporting jellyfish sightings throughout the Gulf of Mexico.


'''JellyWatch'''
http://www.jellywatch.org/

An online reporting system for jellyfish sightings throughout the World.


'''Le portail d'observation de méduses en Méditerranée'''
http://meduse.acri.fr

An online reporting system for jellyfish sightings in France.



'''Introduction to Cubomedusae'''
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cubozoa.html

A detailed description of many facets of the Cubomedusae.


'''Mapping sea-nettles in the Chesapeake Bay'''
http://coastwatch.noaa.gov/seanettles/

Maps of probable sea nettle presence in the Chesapeake Bay


'''Marine-medic.com'''
http://www.marine-medic.com.au/

Jellyfish stings and more


'''Medusozoa home page'''
http://www.medusozoa.com/

An eclectic look at the medusae.


'''Midwater medusae'''
http://www.mbari.org/midwater/medusae/medusae2.htm

Impressive pictures of the enigmatic midwater gelatinous zooplankton (mostly Hydrozoa).


'''STOPJELLY'''
http://tnfri.fra.affrc.go.jp/kaiyo/POMALweb/e-stopjelly.html

Studies on the prediction and control of jellyfish outbreaks (Japan).


'''The Jellies Zone'''
http://www.jellieszone.com/

Information on scyphozoans and other gelatinous zooplankton. Some very strong pages on photography, and images to match. Links to related sites.


'''The Scyphozoan''' (archive)
http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/

Archive of the precursor to the Scyphozoan Wiki


'''The Tropical Australian Stinger Unit'''
http://www.jcu.edu.au/interest/stingers/

Research and information on Cubomedusae.


'''ZooBank'''
http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm

ICZN world register of animal names.


==People==

Collins, Allen - http://invertebrates.si.edu/staff/collins.cfm

Dawson, Michael - http://mnd.ucmerced.edu/

Graham, Monty - http://faculty.disl.org/mgraham.html

Haddock, Steve - http://www.mbari.org/staff/haddock/

Jarms, Gerhard - http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/zim/morpho/jarms/adressen.html

Pitt, Kylie - http://www.griffith.edu.au/environment-planning-architecture/griffith-school-environment/staff/dr-kylie-pitt

Purcell, Jenny - http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~purcelj3/index.htm

Raskoff, Kevin - http://www.mpcfaculty.net/kevin_raskoff/default.htm

Uye, Shin-Ichi - http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/hubol/members/uye2.html



==What Links Here==
'''The Scyphozoan Portal'''
http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1129</id>
      <parentid>1053</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:01:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+category</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2897">If you know of any good links, please [mailto:mndawson@unsw.edu.au let us know].


==Topics==

'''Cnidaria homepage'''
http://www.biochem.uci.edu/Steele/default.html

Links to many useful pages on Scyphozoa and Cubomedusae as well as to the other members of the Cnidaria: Anthozoa and Hydrozoa.


'''Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL)'''
http://cnidarian.info

Contacts, data, and much more from the CnidToL project


'''DockWatch'''
http://dockwatch.disl.org/overview.htm

Regularly updated searchable database reporting jellyfish sightings throughout the Gulf of Mexico.


'''JellyWatch'''
http://www.jellywatch.org/

An online reporting system for jellyfish sightings throughout the World.


'''Le portail d'observation de méduses en Méditerranée'''
http://meduse.acri.fr

An online reporting system for jellyfish sightings in France.



'''Introduction to Cubomedusae'''
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cubozoa.html

A detailed description of many facets of the Cubomedusae.


'''Mapping sea-nettles in the Chesapeake Bay'''
http://coastwatch.noaa.gov/seanettles/

Maps of probable sea nettle presence in the Chesapeake Bay


'''Marine-medic.com'''
http://www.marine-medic.com.au/

Jellyfish stings and more


'''Medusozoa home page'''
http://www.medusozoa.com/

An eclectic look at the medusae.


'''Midwater medusae'''
http://www.mbari.org/midwater/medusae/medusae2.htm

Impressive pictures of the enigmatic midwater gelatinous zooplankton (mostly Hydrozoa).


'''STOPJELLY'''
http://tnfri.fra.affrc.go.jp/kaiyo/POMALweb/e-stopjelly.html

Studies on the prediction and control of jellyfish outbreaks (Japan).


'''The Jellies Zone'''
http://www.jellieszone.com/

Information on scyphozoans and other gelatinous zooplankton. Some very strong pages on photography, and images to match. Links to related sites.


'''The Scyphozoan''' (archive)
http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/

Archive of the precursor to the Scyphozoan Wiki


'''The Tropical Australian Stinger Unit'''
http://www.jcu.edu.au/interest/stingers/

Research and information on Cubomedusae.


'''ZooBank'''
http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm

ICZN world register of animal names.


==People==

Collins, Allen - http://invertebrates.si.edu/staff/collins.cfm

Dawson, Michael - http://mnd.ucmerced.edu/

Graham, Monty - http://faculty.disl.org/mgraham.html

Haddock, Steve - http://www.mbari.org/staff/haddock/

Jarms, Gerhard - http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/zim/morpho/jarms/adressen.html

Pitt, Kylie - http://www.griffith.edu.au/environment-planning-architecture/griffith-school-environment/staff/dr-kylie-pitt

Purcell, Jenny - http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~purcelj3/index.htm

Raskoff, Kevin - http://www.mpcfaculty.net/kevin_raskoff/default.htm

Uye, Shin-Ichi - http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/hubol/members/uye2.html

==What Links Here==
* '''[http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/ The Scyphozoan Portal]'''

[[Category:All]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1192</id>
      <parentid>1129</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:37:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>re-cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2902">If you know of any good links, please [mailto:mndawson@unsw.edu.au let us know].


==Topics==

'''Cnidaria homepage'''
http://www.biochem.uci.edu/Steele/default.html

Links to many useful pages on Scyphozoa and Cubomedusae as well as to the other members of the Cnidaria: Anthozoa and Hydrozoa.


'''Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL)'''
http://cnidarian.info

Contacts, data, and much more from the CnidToL project


'''DockWatch'''
http://dockwatch.disl.org/overview.htm

Regularly updated searchable database reporting jellyfish sightings throughout the Gulf of Mexico.


'''JellyWatch'''
http://www.jellywatch.org/

An online reporting system for jellyfish sightings throughout the World.


'''Le portail d'observation de méduses en Méditerranée'''
http://meduse.acri.fr

An online reporting system for jellyfish sightings in France.



'''Introduction to Cubomedusae'''
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cubozoa.html

A detailed description of many facets of the Cubomedusae.


'''Mapping sea-nettles in the Chesapeake Bay'''
http://coastwatch.noaa.gov/seanettles/

Maps of probable sea nettle presence in the Chesapeake Bay


'''Marine-medic.com'''
http://www.marine-medic.com.au/

Jellyfish stings and more


'''Medusozoa home page'''
http://www.medusozoa.com/

An eclectic look at the medusae.


'''Midwater medusae'''
http://www.mbari.org/midwater/medusae/medusae2.htm

Impressive pictures of the enigmatic midwater gelatinous zooplankton (mostly Hydrozoa).


'''STOPJELLY'''
http://tnfri.fra.affrc.go.jp/kaiyo/POMALweb/e-stopjelly.html

Studies on the prediction and control of jellyfish outbreaks (Japan).


'''The Jellies Zone'''
http://www.jellieszone.com/

Information on scyphozoans and other gelatinous zooplankton. Some very strong pages on photography, and images to match. Links to related sites.


'''The Scyphozoan''' (archive)
http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/

Archive of the precursor to the Scyphozoan Wiki


'''The Tropical Australian Stinger Unit'''
http://www.jcu.edu.au/interest/stingers/

Research and information on Cubomedusae.


'''ZooBank'''
http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm

ICZN world register of animal names.


==People==

Collins, Allen - http://invertebrates.si.edu/staff/collins.cfm

Dawson, Michael - http://mnd.ucmerced.edu/

Graham, Monty - http://faculty.disl.org/mgraham.html

Haddock, Steve - http://www.mbari.org/staff/haddock/

Jarms, Gerhard - http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/zim/morpho/jarms/adressen.html

Pitt, Kylie - http://www.griffith.edu.au/environment-planning-architecture/griffith-school-environment/staff/dr-kylie-pitt

Purcell, Jenny - http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~purcelj3/index.htm

Raskoff, Kevin - http://www.mpcfaculty.net/kevin_raskoff/default.htm

Uye, Shin-Ichi - http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/hubol/members/uye2.html

==What Links Here==
* '''[http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/ The Scyphozoan Portal]'''

[[Category:Articles]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1264</id>
      <parentid>1192</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-08T05:49:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Topics */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3029">If you know of any good links, please [mailto:mndawson@unsw.edu.au let us know].


==Topics==

'''Cnidaria homepage'''
http://www.biochem.uci.edu/Steele/default.html

Links to many useful pages on Scyphozoa and Cubomedusae as well as to the other members of the Cnidaria: Anthozoa and Hydrozoa.


'''Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL)'''
http://cnidarian.info

Contacts, data, and much more from the CnidToL project


'''DockWatch'''
http://dockwatch.disl.org/overview.htm

Regularly updated searchable database reporting jellyfish sightings throughout the Gulf of Mexico.


'''JellyWatch'''
http://www.jellywatch.org/

An online reporting system for jellyfish sightings throughout the World.


'''Le portail d'observation de méduses en Méditerranée'''
http://meduse.acri.fr

An online reporting system for jellyfish sightings in France.



'''Introduction to Cubomedusae'''
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cubozoa.html

A detailed description of many facets of the Cubomedusae.


'''Mapping sea-nettles in the Chesapeake Bay'''
http://coastwatch.noaa.gov/seanettles/

Maps of probable sea nettle presence in the Chesapeake Bay


'''Marine-medic.com'''
http://www.marine-medic.com.au/

Jellyfish stings and more


'''Medusozoa home page'''
http://www.medusozoa.com/

An eclectic look at the medusae.


'''Midwater medusae'''
http://www.mbari.org/midwater/medusae/medusae2.htm

Impressive pictures of the enigmatic midwater gelatinous zooplankton (mostly Hydrozoa).


'''Proyecto Medusas'''
http://proyectomedusascolombia.blogspot.com/

Immerse yourself in the world of Colombia's jellyfishes.


'''STOPJELLY'''
http://tnfri.fra.affrc.go.jp/kaiyo/POMALweb/e-stopjelly.html

Studies on the prediction and control of jellyfish outbreaks (Japan).


'''The Jellies Zone'''
http://www.jellieszone.com/

Information on scyphozoans and other gelatinous zooplankton. Some very strong pages on photography, and images to match. Links to related sites.


'''The Scyphozoan''' (archive)
http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/

Archive of the precursor to the Scyphozoan Wiki


'''The Tropical Australian Stinger Unit'''
http://www.jcu.edu.au/interest/stingers/

Research and information on Cubomedusae.


'''ZooBank'''
http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm

ICZN world register of animal names.

==People==

Collins, Allen - http://invertebrates.si.edu/staff/collins.cfm

Dawson, Michael - http://mnd.ucmerced.edu/

Graham, Monty - http://faculty.disl.org/mgraham.html

Haddock, Steve - http://www.mbari.org/staff/haddock/

Jarms, Gerhard - http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/zim/morpho/jarms/adressen.html

Pitt, Kylie - http://www.griffith.edu.au/environment-planning-architecture/griffith-school-environment/staff/dr-kylie-pitt

Purcell, Jenny - http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~purcelj3/index.htm

Raskoff, Kevin - http://www.mpcfaculty.net/kevin_raskoff/default.htm

Uye, Shin-Ichi - http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/hubol/members/uye2.html

==What Links Here==
* '''[http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/ The Scyphozoan Portal]'''

[[Category:Articles]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1535</id>
      <parentid>1264</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-02T13:49:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Topics */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3368">If you know of any good links, please [mailto:mndawson@unsw.edu.au let us know].


==Topics==

'''Cifonauta'''
http://cifonauta.cebimar.usp.br/

Cifonauta is a marine biology image database containing taxonomic classification, life stage, habitat, and other information. 

'''Jellyfishes on the Encyclopedia of Life'''
Medusae - http://eol.org/pages/2552240/entries/36483153/overview
Ctenophores - http://eol.org/pages/69/overview


'''Cnidaria homepage'''
http://www.biochem.uci.edu/Steele/default.html

Links to many useful pages on Scyphozoa and Cubomedusae as well as to the other members of the Cnidaria: Anthozoa and Hydrozoa.


'''Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL)'''
http://cnidarian.info

Contacts, data, and much more from the CnidToL project



'''DockWatch'''
http://dockwatch.disl.org/overview.htm

Regularly updated searchable database reporting jellyfish sightings throughout the Gulf of Mexico.


'''JellyWatch'''
http://www.jellywatch.org/

An online reporting system for jellyfish sightings throughout the World.


'''Le portail d'observation de méduses en Méditerranée'''
http://meduse.acri.fr

An online reporting system for jellyfish sightings in France.



'''Introduction to Cubomedusae'''
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cubozoa.html

A detailed description of many facets of the Cubomedusae.


'''Mapping sea-nettles in the Chesapeake Bay'''
http://coastwatch.noaa.gov/seanettles/

Maps of probable sea nettle presence in the Chesapeake Bay


'''Marine-medic.com'''
http://www.marine-medic.com.au/

Jellyfish stings and more


'''Medusozoa home page'''
http://www.medusozoa.com/

An eclectic look at the medusae.


'''Midwater medusae'''
http://www.mbari.org/midwater/medusae/medusae2.htm

Impressive pictures of the enigmatic midwater gelatinous zooplankton (mostly Hydrozoa).


'''Proyecto Medusas'''
http://proyectomedusascolombia.blogspot.com/

Immerse yourself in the world of Colombia's jellyfishes.


'''STOPJELLY'''
http://tnfri.fra.affrc.go.jp/kaiyo/POMALweb/e-stopjelly.html

Studies on the prediction and control of jellyfish outbreaks (Japan).


'''The Jellies Zone'''
http://www.jellieszone.com/

Information on scyphozoans and other gelatinous zooplankton. Some very strong pages on photography, and images to match. Links to related sites.


'''The Scyphozoan''' (archive)
http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/

Archive of the precursor to the Scyphozoan Wiki


'''The Tropical Australian Stinger Unit'''
http://www.jcu.edu.au/interest/stingers/

Research and information on Cubomedusae.


'''ZooBank'''
http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm

ICZN world register of animal names.

==People==

Collins, Allen - http://invertebrates.si.edu/staff/collins.cfm

Dawson, Michael - http://mnd.ucmerced.edu/

Graham, Monty - http://faculty.disl.org/mgraham.html

Haddock, Steve - http://www.mbari.org/staff/haddock/

Jarms, Gerhard - http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/zim/morpho/jarms/adressen.html

Pitt, Kylie - http://www.griffith.edu.au/environment-planning-architecture/griffith-school-environment/staff/dr-kylie-pitt

Purcell, Jenny - http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~purcelj3/index.htm

Raskoff, Kevin - http://www.mpcfaculty.net/kevin_raskoff/default.htm

Uye, Shin-Ichi - http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/hubol/members/uye2.html

==What Links Here==
* '''[http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/ The Scyphozoan Portal]'''

[[Category:Articles]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1536</id>
      <parentid>1535</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-02T13:49:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Topics */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3369">If you know of any good links, please [mailto:mndawson@unsw.edu.au let us know].


==Topics==

'''Cifonauta'''
http://cifonauta.cebimar.usp.br/

Cifonauta is a marine biology image database containing taxonomic classification, life stage, habitat, and other information. 


'''Jellyfishes on the Encyclopedia of Life'''
Medusae - http://eol.org/pages/2552240/entries/36483153/overview
Ctenophores - http://eol.org/pages/69/overview


'''Cnidaria homepage'''
http://www.biochem.uci.edu/Steele/default.html

Links to many useful pages on Scyphozoa and Cubomedusae as well as to the other members of the Cnidaria: Anthozoa and Hydrozoa.


'''Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL)'''
http://cnidarian.info

Contacts, data, and much more from the CnidToL project



'''DockWatch'''
http://dockwatch.disl.org/overview.htm

Regularly updated searchable database reporting jellyfish sightings throughout the Gulf of Mexico.


'''JellyWatch'''
http://www.jellywatch.org/

An online reporting system for jellyfish sightings throughout the World.


'''Le portail d'observation de méduses en Méditerranée'''
http://meduse.acri.fr

An online reporting system for jellyfish sightings in France.



'''Introduction to Cubomedusae'''
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cubozoa.html

A detailed description of many facets of the Cubomedusae.


'''Mapping sea-nettles in the Chesapeake Bay'''
http://coastwatch.noaa.gov/seanettles/

Maps of probable sea nettle presence in the Chesapeake Bay


'''Marine-medic.com'''
http://www.marine-medic.com.au/

Jellyfish stings and more


'''Medusozoa home page'''
http://www.medusozoa.com/

An eclectic look at the medusae.


'''Midwater medusae'''
http://www.mbari.org/midwater/medusae/medusae2.htm

Impressive pictures of the enigmatic midwater gelatinous zooplankton (mostly Hydrozoa).


'''Proyecto Medusas'''
http://proyectomedusascolombia.blogspot.com/

Immerse yourself in the world of Colombia's jellyfishes.


'''STOPJELLY'''
http://tnfri.fra.affrc.go.jp/kaiyo/POMALweb/e-stopjelly.html

Studies on the prediction and control of jellyfish outbreaks (Japan).


'''The Jellies Zone'''
http://www.jellieszone.com/

Information on scyphozoans and other gelatinous zooplankton. Some very strong pages on photography, and images to match. Links to related sites.


'''The Scyphozoan''' (archive)
http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/

Archive of the precursor to the Scyphozoan Wiki


'''The Tropical Australian Stinger Unit'''
http://www.jcu.edu.au/interest/stingers/

Research and information on Cubomedusae.


'''ZooBank'''
http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm

ICZN world register of animal names.

==People==

Collins, Allen - http://invertebrates.si.edu/staff/collins.cfm

Dawson, Michael - http://mnd.ucmerced.edu/

Graham, Monty - http://faculty.disl.org/mgraham.html

Haddock, Steve - http://www.mbari.org/staff/haddock/

Jarms, Gerhard - http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/zim/morpho/jarms/adressen.html

Pitt, Kylie - http://www.griffith.edu.au/environment-planning-architecture/griffith-school-environment/staff/dr-kylie-pitt

Purcell, Jenny - http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~purcelj3/index.htm

Raskoff, Kevin - http://www.mpcfaculty.net/kevin_raskoff/default.htm

Uye, Shin-Ichi - http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/hubol/members/uye2.html

==What Links Here==
* '''[http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/ The Scyphozoan Portal]'''

[[Category:Articles]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1537</id>
      <parentid>1536</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-02T13:50:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Topics */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3370">If you know of any good links, please [mailto:mndawson@unsw.edu.au let us know].


==Topics==

'''Cifonauta'''
http://cifonauta.cebimar.usp.br/

Cifonauta is a marine biology image database containing taxonomic classification, life stage, habitat, and other information. 


'''Jellyfishes on the Encyclopedia of Life'''

Medusae - http://eol.org/pages/2552240/entries/36483153/overview
Ctenophores - http://eol.org/pages/69/overview


'''Cnidaria homepage'''
http://www.biochem.uci.edu/Steele/default.html

Links to many useful pages on Scyphozoa and Cubomedusae as well as to the other members of the Cnidaria: Anthozoa and Hydrozoa.


'''Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL)'''
http://cnidarian.info

Contacts, data, and much more from the CnidToL project



'''DockWatch'''
http://dockwatch.disl.org/overview.htm

Regularly updated searchable database reporting jellyfish sightings throughout the Gulf of Mexico.


'''JellyWatch'''
http://www.jellywatch.org/

An online reporting system for jellyfish sightings throughout the World.


'''Le portail d'observation de méduses en Méditerranée'''
http://meduse.acri.fr

An online reporting system for jellyfish sightings in France.



'''Introduction to Cubomedusae'''
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cubozoa.html

A detailed description of many facets of the Cubomedusae.


'''Mapping sea-nettles in the Chesapeake Bay'''
http://coastwatch.noaa.gov/seanettles/

Maps of probable sea nettle presence in the Chesapeake Bay


'''Marine-medic.com'''
http://www.marine-medic.com.au/

Jellyfish stings and more


'''Medusozoa home page'''
http://www.medusozoa.com/

An eclectic look at the medusae.


'''Midwater medusae'''
http://www.mbari.org/midwater/medusae/medusae2.htm

Impressive pictures of the enigmatic midwater gelatinous zooplankton (mostly Hydrozoa).


'''Proyecto Medusas'''
http://proyectomedusascolombia.blogspot.com/

Immerse yourself in the world of Colombia's jellyfishes.


'''STOPJELLY'''
http://tnfri.fra.affrc.go.jp/kaiyo/POMALweb/e-stopjelly.html

Studies on the prediction and control of jellyfish outbreaks (Japan).


'''The Jellies Zone'''
http://www.jellieszone.com/

Information on scyphozoans and other gelatinous zooplankton. Some very strong pages on photography, and images to match. Links to related sites.


'''The Scyphozoan''' (archive)
http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/

Archive of the precursor to the Scyphozoan Wiki


'''The Tropical Australian Stinger Unit'''
http://www.jcu.edu.au/interest/stingers/

Research and information on Cubomedusae.


'''ZooBank'''
http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm

ICZN world register of animal names.

==People==

Collins, Allen - http://invertebrates.si.edu/staff/collins.cfm

Dawson, Michael - http://mnd.ucmerced.edu/

Graham, Monty - http://faculty.disl.org/mgraham.html

Haddock, Steve - http://www.mbari.org/staff/haddock/

Jarms, Gerhard - http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/zim/morpho/jarms/adressen.html

Pitt, Kylie - http://www.griffith.edu.au/environment-planning-architecture/griffith-school-environment/staff/dr-kylie-pitt

Purcell, Jenny - http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~purcelj3/index.htm

Raskoff, Kevin - http://www.mpcfaculty.net/kevin_raskoff/default.htm

Uye, Shin-Ichi - http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/hubol/members/uye2.html

==What Links Here==
* '''[http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/ The Scyphozoan Portal]'''

[[Category:Articles]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1907</id>
      <parentid>1537</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-08-24T14:16:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3511">If you know of any good links, please [mailto:mndawson@unsw.edu.au let us know].


==Topics==

'''Cifonauta'''
http://cifonauta.cebimar.usp.br/

Cifonauta is a marine biology image database containing taxonomic classification, life stage, habitat, and other information. 


'''Jellyfishes on the Encyclopedia of Life'''

Medusae - http://eol.org/pages/2552240/entries/36483153/overview
Ctenophores - http://eol.org/pages/69/overview


'''Cnidaria homepage'''
http://www.biochem.uci.edu/Steele/default.html

Links to many useful pages on Scyphozoa and Cubomedusae as well as to the other members of the Cnidaria: Anthozoa and Hydrozoa.


'''Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL)'''
http://cnidarian.info

Contacts, data, and much more from the CnidToL project



'''DockWatch'''
http://dockwatch.disl.org/overview.htm

Regularly updated searchable database reporting jellyfish sightings throughout the Gulf of Mexico.


'''JellyWatch'''
http://www.jellywatch.org/

An online reporting system for jellyfish sightings throughout the World.


'''Le portail d'observation de méduses en Méditerranée'''
http://meduse.acri.fr

An online reporting system for jellyfish sightings in France.



'''Introduction to Cubomedusae'''
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cubozoa.html

A detailed description of many facets of the Cubomedusae.


'''Mapping sea-nettles in the Chesapeake Bay'''
http://coastwatch.noaa.gov/seanettles/

Maps of probable sea nettle presence in the Chesapeake Bay


'''Marine-medic.com'''
http://www.marine-medic.com.au/

Jellyfish stings and more


'''Marine Life of India blog'''
http://marinelifeindia.wordpress.com/category/cnidarians/

Notes on the jellyfishes of southeastern India.


'''Medusozoa home page'''
http://www.medusozoa.com/

An eclectic look at the medusae.


'''Midwater medusae'''
http://www.mbari.org/midwater/medusae/medusae2.htm

Impressive pictures of the enigmatic midwater gelatinous zooplankton (mostly Hydrozoa).


'''Proyecto Medusas'''
http://proyectomedusascolombia.blogspot.com/

Immerse yourself in the world of Colombia's jellyfishes.


'''STOPJELLY'''
http://tnfri.fra.affrc.go.jp/kaiyo/POMALweb/e-stopjelly.html

Studies on the prediction and control of jellyfish outbreaks (Japan).


'''The Jellies Zone'''
http://www.jellieszone.com/

Information on scyphozoans and other gelatinous zooplankton. Some very strong pages on photography, and images to match. Links to related sites.


'''The Scyphozoan''' (archive)
http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/

Archive of the precursor to the Scyphozoan Wiki


'''The Tropical Australian Stinger Unit'''
http://www.jcu.edu.au/interest/stingers/

Research and information on Cubomedusae.


'''ZooBank'''
http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm

ICZN world register of animal names.

==People==

Collins, Allen - http://invertebrates.si.edu/staff/collins.cfm

Dawson, Michael - http://mnd.ucmerced.edu/

Graham, Monty - http://faculty.disl.org/mgraham.html

Haddock, Steve - http://www.mbari.org/staff/haddock/

Jarms, Gerhard - http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/zim/morpho/jarms/adressen.html

Pitt, Kylie - http://www.griffith.edu.au/environment-planning-architecture/griffith-school-environment/staff/dr-kylie-pitt

Purcell, Jenny - http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~purcelj3/index.htm

Raskoff, Kevin - http://www.mpcfaculty.net/kevin_raskoff/default.htm

Uye, Shin-Ichi - http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/hubol/members/uye2.html

==What Links Here==
* '''[http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/ The Scyphozoan Portal]'''

[[Category:Articles]]</text>
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    <title>Lobata</title>
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    <redirect title="Discomedusa lobata" />
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      <timestamp>2010-06-03T04:32:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[Lobata]] moved to [[Discomedusa lobata]]: To standardize referral to species pages</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="32">#REDIRECT [[Discomedusa lobata]]</text>
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    <title>Lobonema</title>
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      <timestamp>2008-09-15T21:29:55Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>New page: This is a genus of jellyfish.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="29">This is a genus of jellyfish.</text>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>27</id>
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      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="53">This is a genus of jellyfish.

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
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    <title>M. papua</title>
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      <timestamp>2010-06-03T04:19:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>[[M. papua]] moved to [[Mastigias papua]]: Renamed to standardize how species pages are referred to</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="29">#REDIRECT [[Mastigias papua]]</text>
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    <title>Main Page</title>
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      <timestamp>2008-08-13T18:39:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="449">&lt;big&gt;'''MediaWiki has been successfully installed.'''&lt;/big&gt;

Consult the [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.

== Getting started ==

* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [http://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="464">&lt;big&gt;'''MediaWiki has been successfully installed.'''&lt;/big&gt;

[[Test Link]]

Consult the [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.

== Getting started ==

* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [http://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="380">First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <contributor>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="415">
== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="436">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg]]

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="546">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg]]
Feature: [[Nemopilema nomurai]] - a big problem
Learn more about [[Nemopilema nomurai]] on [[The Scyphozoan]]

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Welcome to The Scyphozoan! */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="544">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg]]
Feature: [[Nemopilema nomurai]] - a big problem
Learn more about [[Nemopilema nomurai]] on [The Scyphozoan]

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Welcome to The Scyphozoan! */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="542">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg]]
Feature: [[Nemopilema nomurai]] - a big problem
Learn more about [[Nemopilema nomurai]] on The Scyphozoan

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <id>16</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="435">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="435">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.
Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Welcome to The Scyphozoan! */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="436">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="454">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.

[[Another Page]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="475">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg|250px|thumb|Picture.]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.

[[Another Page]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="481">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg|cener|thumb|100px|Picture.]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.

[[Another Page]]</text>
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        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="482">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg|center|thumb|100px|Picture.]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.

[[Another Page]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="464">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg|center|thumb|100px|Picture.]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <timestamp>2008-08-13T20:32:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>169.236.99.194</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Welcome to The Scyphozoan! */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="458">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg|center|thumb|Picture.]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <id>39</id>
      <parentid>38</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <ip>169.236.99.194</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Welcome to The Scyphozoan! */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="455">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg|center|250px|thumb]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <id>40</id>
      <parentid>39</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <ip>169.236.99.194</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Welcome to The Scyphozoan! */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="449">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg|center|250px]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    <revision>
      <id>41</id>
      <parentid>40</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-13T20:40:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>169.236.99.194</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Welcome to The Scyphozoan! */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="443">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg|center]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <id>42</id>
      <parentid>41</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-13T20:41:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>169.236.99.194</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Welcome to The Scyphozoan! */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="473">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:nemonom.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Nemopilema nomurai]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>43</id>
      <parentid>42</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-13T21:01:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Welcome to The Scyphozoan! */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="484">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Nemopilema nomurai]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>45</id>
      <parentid>43</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-13T21:05:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="487">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|left|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <id>46</id>
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      <timestamp>2008-08-13T21:06:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="514">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|left|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About]]

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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        <id>1</id>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="523">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|left|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="524">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="545">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Class Scyphozoa]]

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="570">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan.

Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="569">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="570">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="591">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]

*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="592">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <minor/>
      <comment>Protected &quot;[[Main Page]]&quot; [edit=sysop:move=sysop]</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="592">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1463">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1931">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.</text>
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      <contributor>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1945">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

WikiTraining</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1950">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

((Wiki Training))</text>
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      <contributor>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1950">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

[[Wiki Training]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1973">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

[[Wiki Training]]

[[he Secret Passage]]</text>
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      <contributor>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1974">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

[[Wiki Training]]

[[The Secret Passage]]</text>
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      <id>178</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1950">== Welcome to The Scyphozoan! ==
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

[[Wiki Training]]</text>
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      <comment>/* Welcome to The Scyphozoan! */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1949">''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1950">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

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'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

[[Wiki Training]]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1950">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1931">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1955">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1941">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1946">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1952">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1931">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1942">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1946">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

[[Admin Hub]]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1931">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1946">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.

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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1931">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


*[[Class Scyphozoa]]
*[[Orders of Scyphozoa]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.</text>
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[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]

First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1883">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


First published online April 2003, this the 7th edition of The Scyphozoan. Please see the list of  additions to the site since May 2005 which includes new jellyfish images, a gradually growing bibliography with links to PDFs, a repository for (portal to) more published datasets, new information about 'CnidToL' and 'REVSYS' jellyfish projects, and this issue's jellyfish feature.


The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We openly invite contributions with which the site will be updated a couple of times a year, including a list of recent additions. Shortcuts to all sections of the site, new and old, are available via the site map. As the site grows, we will add databases and search engines to help you navigate. We hope that The Scyphozoan will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is, please send pictures and a sample to the Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) and REVSYS - jellyfish blooms projects..  We will identify the animals and sequence molecular markers from the mitochondrial genome (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear genome (18S, 28S, and other genes in the future) and send the information to you. Please see  the PROJECTS sidebar for links to more information.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1661">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived here &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked release of The Scyphozoan as a wiki and transformation of the original site into a society website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''Sister sites'''
The Scyphozoan Society &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;
The Scyphozoan Portal 

[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1585">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived here &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked release of The Scyphozoan as a wiki and transformation of the original site into a society website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''Sister sites'''
The Scyphozoan Society &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;
The Scyphozoan Portal</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1590">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
The Scyphozoan is an internet resource dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived here &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked release of The Scyphozoan as a wiki and transformation of the original site into a society website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''Sister sites'''
The Scyphozoan Society &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;
The Scyphozoan Portal</text>
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*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
The Scyphozoan Wiki is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived here &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of The Scyphozoan to The Scyphozoan Wiki and transformation of the original site into a The Scyphozoan Society website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''Sister site'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1652">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived here &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of The Scyphozoan to The Scyphozoan Wiki and transformation of the original site into a The Scyphozoan Society website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''Sister site'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1673">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'''s website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''Sister site'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1669">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

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The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
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*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


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*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

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The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
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*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''See also'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
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*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]


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*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

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'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''See also'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
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        <id>7</id>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1668">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]

'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''See also'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1705">[[media:example.jpg|Link to Image]]

'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]

'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''See also'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <id>451</id>
      <parentid>450</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1668">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''
*[[The Scyphozoan:About|About Us]]
*[[Recent Updates]]

'''Aims'''
*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool that fosters research, education, and discovery.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''See also'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>637</id>
      <parentid>451</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-13T19:44:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1948">'''Welcome to The Scyphozoan Wiki!'''

== Our Aim ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery.

== The Scope ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment.


'''About'''
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''History'''
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''See also'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;

Enjoy!</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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    <revision>
      <id>639</id>
      <parentid>637</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1908">== Our Aim ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa.
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery.

== About ==
''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is  dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History ==
''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;.  The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.

'''See also'''
The Scyphozoan Society and portal &lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&gt;

== The Scope ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment.

Enjoy!</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>711</id>
      <parentid>639</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T18:32:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2045">[[Image:Example.jpg]] 

== [[Image:Colorata.JPG|frame|right| Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group. 

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &amp;lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&amp;gt;. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites. 

'''See also''' The Scyphozoan Society and portal &amp;lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&amp;gt; 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>712</id>
      <parentid>711</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T18:33:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2022">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|frame|right|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource decribing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group. 

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &amp;lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&amp;gt;. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites. 

'''See also''' The Scyphozoan Society and portal &amp;lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&amp;gt; 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>729</id>
      <parentid>712</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-12-07T21:58:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2023">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|frame|right|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group. 

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 and is archived at &amp;lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&amp;gt;. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites. 

'''See also''' The Scyphozoan Society and portal &amp;lt;http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/&amp;gt; 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>768</id>
      <parentid>729</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T08:22:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1889">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing jellyfishes in Class Scyphozoa. It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and its sister sites (see below) will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group. 

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>876</id>
      <parentid>768</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-03-05T16:05:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1962">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans* (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group. 

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>877</id>
      <parentid>876</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-03-05T16:06:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1961">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group. 

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1054</id>
      <parentid>877</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-08T15:27:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>KatinaAmos</username>
        <id>17</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Our Aim */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2000">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery [http://www.jouercasino.eu jeux casino]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group. 

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1055</id>
      <parentid>1054</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-16T17:31:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Vatmom</username>
        <id>18</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* About */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2028">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery [http://www.jouercasino.eu jeux casino]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.[http://www.vatmom.com forex]

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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      <id>1068</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ericv</username>
        <id>21</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2079">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery [http://www.jouercasino.eu jeux casino] and [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.[http://www.vatmom.com forex]

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1069</id>
      <parentid>1068</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-07-01T08:40:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ericv</username>
        <id>21</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2085">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery [http://www.jouercasino.eu jeux casino] and [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.[http://www.forexlistings.fr forex]

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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      <id>1070</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Dave</username>
        <id>22</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1901">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1071</id>
      <parentid>1070</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ericv</username>
        <id>21</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2299">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
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&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
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      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2327">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
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&lt;/p&gt;

[[Category:Special Pages]]</text>
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      <comment>Undo revision 1152 by [[Special:Contributions/Mithril|Mithril]] ([[User talk:Mithril|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2299">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and transformation of the original site into ''The Scyphozoan Society'' website and archive with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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        <id>4</id>
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      <comment>/* History */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2241">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
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      <contributor>
        <username>SammyWilson</username>
        <id>40</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2442">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
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      <contributor>
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        <id>41</id>
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      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3325">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

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&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Carmelo101</username>
        <id>43</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* The Scope */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3529">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1438</id>
      <parentid>1437</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-07-21T17:40:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>RhysHick</username>
        <id>44</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3734">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1439</id>
      <parentid>1438</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-07-22T03:07:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JasmineFlynn</username>
        <id>45</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3964">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;]archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1440</id>
      <parentid>1439</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-07-22T03:08:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JasmineFlynn</username>
        <id>45</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* History */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3965">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1445</id>
      <parentid>1440</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-07-23T12:33:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ElizabethMorrill</username>
        <id>46</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Our Aim */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4178">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1446</id>
      <parentid>1445</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-07-24T02:44:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>KathleenGreen</username>
        <id>47</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* The Scope */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4399">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1447</id>
      <parentid>1446</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-07-24T02:45:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>KathleenGreen</username>
        <id>47</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* The Scope */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4349">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1448</id>
      <parentid>1447</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-08-01T07:11:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Carmelo101</username>
        <id>43</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* History */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4605">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1449</id>
      <parentid>1448</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-08-01T09:24:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TroattJohn</username>
        <id>48</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* About */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4654">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1450</id>
      <parentid>1449</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-08-03T01:49:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>KathleenGreen</username>
        <id>47</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* History */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4863">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1471</id>
      <parentid>1450</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-08-19T16:07:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SammyWilson</username>
        <id>40</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5081">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1476</id>
      <parentid>1471</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-08-27T16:39:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AdamHenry</username>
        <id>67</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4867">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1485</id>
      <parentid>1476</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-03T01:49:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IreneKirst</username>
        <id>70</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* The Scope */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5088">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1486</id>
      <parentid>1485</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-03T17:17:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>HarrisonMcCarthy</username>
        <id>71</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* About */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5307">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1488</id>
      <parentid>1486</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-07T07:08:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Loadwickghses</username>
        <id>72</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5393">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1490</id>
      <parentid>1488</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-07T14:09:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JamesCarlson</username>
        <id>74</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5602">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1492</id>
      <parentid>1490</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-08T08:28:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kinectgame</username>
        <id>76</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* The Scope */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5802">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;]and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1493</id>
      <parentid>1492</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-08T08:29:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kinectgame</username>
        <id>76</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* The Scope */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5803">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1507</id>
      <parentid>1493</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-17T07:17:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IreneKirst</username>
        <id>70</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5998">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1510</id>
      <parentid>1507</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-19T05:01:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CameronAvery</username>
        <id>85</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6051">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1513</id>
      <parentid>1510</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-22T15:55:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SammyWilson</username>
        <id>40</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6298">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1528</id>
      <parentid>1513</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-29T22:19:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jekky</username>
        <id>96</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6734">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1530</id>
      <parentid>1528</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-30T11:51:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dzeksonniki489</username>
        <id>98</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7188">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1545</id>
      <parentid>1530</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-04T14:33:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mahrufa6</username>
        <id>100</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Our Aim */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7236">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1554</id>
      <parentid>1545</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-05T22:21:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MikeHenry</username>
        <id>119</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* The Scope */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7334">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1555</id>
      <parentid>1554</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-05T22:21:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MikeHenry</username>
        <id>119</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* The Scope */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7336">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
[http://www.dsdmobile.com/ iphone repair mississauga] | [http://www.dsdmobile.com/ iphone repair ]


Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1566</id>
      <parentid>1555</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-12T06:25:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>KatherinePeacock</username>
        <id>133</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7985">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church calendar software&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
[http://www.dsdmobile.com/ iphone repair mississauga] | [http://www.dsdmobile.com/ iphone repair ]


Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1567</id>
      <parentid>1566</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-12T06:30:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>KatherinePeacock</username>
        <id>133</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Our Aim */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7763">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1569</id>
      <parentid>1567</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-12T13:32:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MacyWales</username>
        <id>135</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7973">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1574</id>
      <parentid>1569</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-13T23:51:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>StacyPark</username>
        <id>141</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8173">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] accurate resource describing &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://priceofsilver.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;silver price&lt;/span&gt;] biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1579</id>
      <parentid>1574</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-14T23:21:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DennisCagara</username>
        <id>147</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8388">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] accurate resource describing &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://priceofsilver.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;silver price&lt;/span&gt;] biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://brooks-range.com/Snow-Science/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Avalanche Tools&lt;/span&gt;] information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1588</id>
      <parentid>1579</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-16T05:07:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Chudson</username>
        <id>156</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8629">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] accurate resource describing &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://priceofsilver.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;silver price&lt;/span&gt;] biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://brooks-range.com/Snow-Science/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Avalanche Tools&lt;/span&gt;] information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Enjoy &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.merchantservicesprotectionplan.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Merchant Services Protection Plan&lt;/span&gt;]!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1589</id>
      <parentid>1588</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-16T06:35:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Howdoyougetlove</username>
        <id>158</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Our Aim */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8685">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] accurate resource describing &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://priceofsilver.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;silver price&lt;/span&gt;] biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing] 
* [http://www.howdoyougetlove.com How Do You Get Love]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://brooks-range.com/Snow-Science/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Avalanche Tools&lt;/span&gt;] information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

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== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ui</username>
        <id>159</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2428">iently and effectively manage our internet dating site. t is loathed by ordinary people. even claim that a few subterfuge is necessary. ve you some tips on canadian dating sites. ars to be driven, at least in part, by my combination. old fashioned way. quate working relationships with good free dating sites experts. can buy russian dating sites by visiting their online store. king about this pertaining to a subject. iption so that you understand how to use [http://developer.symgate.com/index.php?title=Earn_relating_to_single_dating_sites_the_more_they christian dating sites]. one who collects my beginning point as a hobby is familiar with my threadbare phrase. gather in respect to local dating sites again. it. ething you can actually get into. a few of the most powerful ways to use mature dating sites in this post. trip over A-1 international dating sites recipes? ary goal of free asian dating sites is to help punks with free asian dating sites yet they found that overwhelming at first. enient and vital benefits to ever be unimportant. a super happening. do it. t, you're giving yourself an awful lot of work to do. e been working hard again that fine evening working on my [http://freedatingsites.us.com/ free dating websites] and I would recommend that you find a primer on my schtick. you up.      see it, no guts, no glory. ainly essential to have this. here are several collaborating suspicions in this activity. he active using it involves that as well as that widget. e afraid to take risks at a time of monumental change in chinese dating sites. ere will be a [http://es.net2max.com/A_better_indicator_than_free_dating_sites_in_europ free black dating sites] or something like this since we'll not keep this masked any longer. to concentrate on [http://cvgswiki.cu-portland.edu/index.php?title=Ide_to_buy best free online dating sites]. t. d theorem like this.      ed professionals all over the world. a challenge to improve. s paramount info. t missed that by a hair. ou're always going to find your supporters for each side. ght seem minor but top hands notice what you do. free dating sites in us. in stride. feeling but also I'm quite certain it's in season. ormed. total winner. ng over spilt milk. technology. ting that. tely put smile on one's face. cons as if one element I can tell you - using that is worth a lot. known heaps of peers who make assumptions.      onsiderable change of attitude.</text>
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      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2490">iently and effectively manage our internet dating site. t is loathed by ordinary people. even claim that a few subterfuge is necessary. ve you some tips on canadian dating sites. ars to be driven, at least in part, by my combination. old fashioned way. quate working relationships with good free dating sites experts. can buy russian dating sites by visiting their online store. king about this pertaining to a subject. iption so that you understand how to use [http://developer.symgate.com/index.php?title=Earn_relating_to_single_dating_sites_the_more_they christian dating sites]. one who collects my beginning point as a hobby is familiar with my threadbare phrase. gather in respect to local dating sites again. it. ething you can actually get into. a few of the most powerful ways to use mature dating sites in this post. trip over A-1 international dating sites recipes? ary goal of free asian dating sites is to help punks with free asian dating sites yet they found that overwhelming at first. enient and vital benefits to ever be unimportant. a super happening. do it. t, you're giving yourself an awful lot of work to do. e been working hard again that fine evening working on my [http://freedatingsites.us.com/ free dating websites] and I would recommend that you find a primer on my schtick. you up.      see it, no guts, no glory. ainly essential to have this. here are several collaborating suspicions in this activity. he active using it involves that as well as that widget. e afraid to take risks at a time of monumental change in chinese dating sites. ere will be a [http://es.net2max.com/A_better_indicator_than_free_dating_sites_in_europ free black dating sites] or something like this since we'll not keep this masked any longer. to concentrate on [http://cvgswiki.cu-portland.edu/index.php?title=Ide_to_buy best free online dating sites]. t. d theorem like this.      ed professionals all over [http://www.reliancefirstcapital.net/ reliance first capital] the world. a challenge to improve. s paramount info. t missed that by a hair. ou're always going to find your supporters for each side. ght seem minor but top hands notice what you do. free dating sites in us. in stride. feeling but also I'm quite certain it's in season. ormed. total winner. ng over spilt milk. technology. ting that. tely put smile on one's face. cons as if one element I can tell you - using that is worth a lot. known heaps of peers who make assumptions.      onsiderable change of attitude.</text>
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      <comment>Undo revision 1594 by [[Special:Contributions/Shin26|Shin26]] ([[User talk:Shin26|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2428">iently and effectively manage our internet dating site. t is loathed by ordinary people. even claim that a few subterfuge is necessary. ve you some tips on canadian dating sites. ars to be driven, at least in part, by my combination. old fashioned way. quate working relationships with good free dating sites experts. can buy russian dating sites by visiting their online store. king about this pertaining to a subject. iption so that you understand how to use [http://developer.symgate.com/index.php?title=Earn_relating_to_single_dating_sites_the_more_they christian dating sites]. one who collects my beginning point as a hobby is familiar with my threadbare phrase. gather in respect to local dating sites again. it. ething you can actually get into. a few of the most powerful ways to use mature dating sites in this post. trip over A-1 international dating sites recipes? ary goal of free asian dating sites is to help punks with free asian dating sites yet they found that overwhelming at first. enient and vital benefits to ever be unimportant. a super happening. do it. t, you're giving yourself an awful lot of work to do. e been working hard again that fine evening working on my [http://freedatingsites.us.com/ free dating websites] and I would recommend that you find a primer on my schtick. you up.      see it, no guts, no glory. ainly essential to have this. here are several collaborating suspicions in this activity. he active using it involves that as well as that widget. e afraid to take risks at a time of monumental change in chinese dating sites. ere will be a [http://es.net2max.com/A_better_indicator_than_free_dating_sites_in_europ free black dating sites] or something like this since we'll not keep this masked any longer. to concentrate on [http://cvgswiki.cu-portland.edu/index.php?title=Ide_to_buy best free online dating sites]. t. d theorem like this.      ed professionals all over the world. a challenge to improve. s paramount info. t missed that by a hair. ou're always going to find your supporters for each side. ght seem minor but top hands notice what you do. free dating sites in us. in stride. feeling but also I'm quite certain it's in season. ormed. total winner. ng over spilt milk. technology. ting that. tely put smile on one's face. cons as if one element I can tell you - using that is worth a lot. known heaps of peers who make assumptions.      onsiderable change of attitude.</text>
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        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
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      <comment>Undo revision 1591 by [[Special:Contributions/Ui|Ui]] ([[User talk:Ui|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8685">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] accurate resource describing &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://priceofsilver.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;silver price&lt;/span&gt;] biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
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== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://brooks-range.com/Snow-Science/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Avalanche Tools&lt;/span&gt;] information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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    <revision>
      <id>1601</id>
      <parentid>1600</parentid>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1589 by [[Special:Contributions/Howdoyougetlove|Howdoyougetlove]] ([[User talk:Howdoyougetlove|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8629">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] accurate resource describing &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://priceofsilver.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;silver price&lt;/span&gt;] biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://brooks-range.com/Snow-Science/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Avalanche Tools&lt;/span&gt;] information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Enjoy &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.merchantservicesprotectionplan.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Merchant Services Protection Plan&lt;/span&gt;]!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1602</id>
      <parentid>1601</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-21T23:25:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1588 by [[Special:Contributions/Chudson|Chudson]] ([[User talk:Chudson|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8388">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] accurate resource describing &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://priceofsilver.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;silver price&lt;/span&gt;] biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://brooks-range.com/Snow-Science/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Avalanche Tools&lt;/span&gt;] information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1603</id>
      <parentid>1602</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-21T23:26:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1579 by [[Special:Contributions/DennisCagara|DennisCagara]] ([[User talk:DennisCagara|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8173">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] accurate resource describing &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://priceofsilver.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;silver price&lt;/span&gt;] biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1604</id>
      <parentid>1603</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-21T23:26:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1574 by [[Special:Contributions/StacyPark|StacyPark]] ([[User talk:StacyPark|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7973">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
[http://www.dsdmobile.com/ iphone repair mississauga] | [http://www.dsdmobile.com/ iphone repair ]


Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1607</id>
      <parentid>1604</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T01:26:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1569 by [[Special:Contributions/MacyWales|MacyWales]] ([[User talk:MacyWales|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7763">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
[http://www.dsdmobile.com/ iphone repair mississauga] | [http://www.dsdmobile.com/ iphone repair ]


Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1608</id>
      <parentid>1607</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T01:27:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1567 by [[Special:Contributions/KatherinePeacock|KatherinePeacock]] ([[User talk:KatherinePeacock|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7985">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church calendar software&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://danieldelpiano.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Daniel Delpiano&lt;/span&gt;] historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aheadacheinthepelvis.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;A Headache in the Pelvis&lt;/span&gt;] encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1609</id>
      <parentid>1608</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T01:28:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1566 by [[Special:Contributions/KatherinePeacock|KatherinePeacock]] ([[User talk:KatherinePeacock|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7336">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
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Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1610</id>
      <parentid>1609</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T01:28:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1555 by [[Special:Contributions/MikeHenry|MikeHenry]] ([[User talk:MikeHenry|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7334">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 
[http://www.dsdmobile.com/ iphone repair mississauga]|[http://www.dsdmobile.com/ iphone repair ]


Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1611</id>
      <parentid>1610</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T01:29:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1554 by [[Special:Contributions/MikeHenry|MikeHenry]] ([[User talk:MikeHenry|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7236">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].
* [http://www.togsandclogs.com/ Humor clothing]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1612</id>
      <parentid>1611</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T01:29:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1545 by [[Special:Contributions/Mahrufa6|Mahrufa6]] ([[User talk:Mahrufa6|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7188">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.vitaminddeficiencyonline.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.thegallbladdersymptoms.org/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Gall Bladder Symptoms&lt;/span&gt;] all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1613</id>
      <parentid>1612</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T01:30:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1530 by [[Special:Contributions/Dzeksonniki489|Dzeksonniki489]] ([[User talk:Dzeksonniki489|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6734">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.supplementstoweightloss.com/t-adipex.aspx &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;adipex&lt;/span&gt;] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1614</id>
      <parentid>1613</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T01:31:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1528 by [[Special:Contributions/Jekky|Jekky]] ([[User talk:Jekky|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6298">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.andrewflusche.com/services/spotsylvania-dui-lawyer/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Spotsylvania DUI lawyer&lt;/span&gt;].

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1615</id>
      <parentid>1614</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T01:58:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1513 by [[Special:Contributions/SammyWilson|SammyWilson]] ([[User talk:SammyWilson|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6051">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1616</id>
      <parentid>1615</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:26:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1510 by [[Special:Contributions/CameronAvery|CameronAvery]] ([[User talk:CameronAvery|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5998">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.oelwingo.info/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Oel Wingo&lt;/span&gt;] non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1617</id>
      <parentid>1616</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:27:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1507 by [[Special:Contributions/IreneKirst|IreneKirst]] ([[User talk:IreneKirst|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5803">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1618</id>
      <parentid>1617</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:28:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1493 by [[Special:Contributions/Kinectgame|Kinectgame]] ([[User talk:Kinectgame|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5802">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.kinectgame.co.uk &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Kinect game&lt;/span&gt;]and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1619</id>
      <parentid>1618</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:30:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1492 by [[Special:Contributions/Kinectgame|Kinectgame]] ([[User talk:Kinectgame|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5602">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.celebrationswineclub.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Wine Clubs&lt;/span&gt;] mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1620</id>
      <parentid>1619</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:31:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1490 by [[Special:Contributions/JamesCarlson|JamesCarlson]] ([[User talk:JamesCarlson|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5393">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007 [http://www.capricejewellery.com/ ювелирный интернет магазин]. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1621</id>
      <parentid>1620</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:41:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1488 by [[Special:Contributions/Loadwickghses|Loadwickghses]] ([[User talk:Loadwickghses|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5307">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.cleanfresnocarpets.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;clovis carpet cleaning&lt;/span&gt;] simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1622</id>
      <parentid>1621</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:42:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1486 by [[Special:Contributions/HarrisonMcCarthy|HarrisonMcCarthy]] ([[User talk:HarrisonMcCarthy|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5088">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.congregationbuilder.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;church management software&lt;/span&gt;] including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1623</id>
      <parentid>1622</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:42:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1485 by [[Special:Contributions/IreneKirst|IreneKirst]] ([[User talk:IreneKirst|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4867">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1624</id>
      <parentid>1623</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:43:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1476 by [[Special:Contributions/AdamHenry|AdamHenry]] ([[User talk:AdamHenry|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5081">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;top weight loss pills&lt;/span&gt;] group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1625</id>
      <parentid>1624</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:43:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1471 by [[Special:Contributions/SammyWilson|SammyWilson]] ([[User talk:SammyWilson|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4863">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1626</id>
      <parentid>1625</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:44:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Mdawson|Mdawson]] ([[User talk:Mdawson|Talk]]); changed back to last version by [[User:Shin26|Shin26]]</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2490">iently and effectively manage our internet dating site. t is loathed by ordinary people. even claim that a few subterfuge is necessary. ve you some tips on canadian dating sites. ars to be driven, at least in part, by my combination. old fashioned way. quate working relationships with good free dating sites experts. can buy russian dating sites by visiting their online store. king about this pertaining to a subject. iption so that you understand how to use [http://developer.symgate.com/index.php?title=Earn_relating_to_single_dating_sites_the_more_they christian dating sites]. one who collects my beginning point as a hobby is familiar with my threadbare phrase. gather in respect to local dating sites again. it. ething you can actually get into. a few of the most powerful ways to use mature dating sites in this post. trip over A-1 international dating sites recipes? ary goal of free asian dating sites is to help punks with free asian dating sites yet they found that overwhelming at first. enient and vital benefits to ever be unimportant. a super happening. do it. t, you're giving yourself an awful lot of work to do. e been working hard again that fine evening working on my [http://freedatingsites.us.com/ free dating websites] and I would recommend that you find a primer on my schtick. you up.      see it, no guts, no glory. ainly essential to have this. here are several collaborating suspicions in this activity. he active using it involves that as well as that widget. e afraid to take risks at a time of monumental change in chinese dating sites. ere will be a [http://es.net2max.com/A_better_indicator_than_free_dating_sites_in_europ free black dating sites] or something like this since we'll not keep this masked any longer. to concentrate on [http://cvgswiki.cu-portland.edu/index.php?title=Ide_to_buy best free online dating sites]. t. d theorem like this.      ed professionals all over [http://www.reliancefirstcapital.net/ reliance first capital] the world. a challenge to improve. s paramount info. t missed that by a hair. ou're always going to find your supporters for each side. ght seem minor but top hands notice what you do. free dating sites in us. in stride. feeling but also I'm quite certain it's in season. ormed. total winner. ng over spilt milk. technology. ting that. tely put smile on one's face. cons as if one element I can tell you - using that is worth a lot. known heaps of peers who make assumptions.      onsiderable change of attitude.</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1627</id>
      <parentid>1626</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:45:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1626 by [[Special:Contributions/Mdawson|Mdawson]] ([[User talk:Mdawson|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4863">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.agoraartgalleryblog.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Agora Gallery&lt;/span&gt;] first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1628</id>
      <parentid>1627</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:45:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1450 by [[Special:Contributions/KathleenGreen|KathleenGreen]] ([[User talk:KathleenGreen|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4654">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

'''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise]'''

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1629</id>
      <parentid>1628</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:46:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1449 by [[Special:Contributions/TroattJohn|TroattJohn]] ([[User talk:TroattJohn|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4605">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://thebeginnerslens.com/iphone-camera-tips-and-iphone-photography &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;how to use iphone camera&lt;/span&gt;] to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1630</id>
      <parentid>1629</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:47:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1448 by [[Special:Contributions/Carmelo101|Carmelo101]] ([[User talk:Carmelo101|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4349">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
 
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1631</id>
      <parentid>1630</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:47:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1447 by [[Special:Contributions/KathleenGreen|KathleenGreen]] ([[User talk:KathleenGreen|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4399">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.susanlimsurgery.com/dr_susan_lim.html&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1632</id>
      <parentid>1631</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:48:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1446 by [[Special:Contributions/KathleenGreen|KathleenGreen]] ([[User talk:KathleenGreen|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4178">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.aqua-gear.com/swim-goggles&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;swimming goggles&lt;/span&gt;] scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists.

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1633</id>
      <parentid>1632</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:48:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1445 by [[Special:Contributions/ElizabethMorrill|ElizabethMorrill]] ([[User talk:ElizabethMorrill|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3965">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;] archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1634</id>
      <parentid>1633</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:49:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1440 by [[Special:Contributions/JasmineFlynn|JasmineFlynn]] ([[User talk:JasmineFlynn|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3964">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.gumball-machine.com/vending-machines.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;vending machines&lt;/span&gt;]archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1635</id>
      <parentid>1634</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:49:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1439 by [[Special:Contributions/JasmineFlynn|JasmineFlynn]] ([[User talk:JasmineFlynn|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3734">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.proposable.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;proposal software&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <id>1636</id>
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      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:50:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1438 by [[Special:Contributions/RhysHick|RhysHick]] ([[User talk:RhysHick|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3529">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.diamondlinks.net/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;link building&lt;/span&gt;] and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1437 by [[Special:Contributions/Carmelo101|Carmelo101]] ([[User talk:Carmelo101|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3325">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Search Engine Optimization Consultant&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.esenzendya.com/link-building-service.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.987mb.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Cheap Web Hosting&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.linkbuildingservices4u.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Link Building Service&lt;/span&gt;] It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1436 by [[Special:Contributions/Lnkbuildingservices4u|Lnkbuildingservices4u]] ([[User talk:Lnkbuildingservices4u|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2442">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:52:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1435 by [[Special:Contributions/SammyWilson|SammyWilson]] ([[User talk:SammyWilson|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2241">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1153 by [[Special:Contributions/Mithril|Mithril]] ([[User talk:Mithril|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2269">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;

[[Category:Special Pages]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1152 by [[Special:Contributions/Mithril|Mithril]] ([[User talk:Mithril|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2241">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
&lt;p style=&quot;position: relative; left: -4959px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Les jeux de casino en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
Avec le site Casinolistings.fr vous participerez aux meilleurs casinos en ligne du monde. Non seulement vous aurez accès a de nombreuses actualités d'online casinos mais aussi un classement sélection de salle de [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne] comme Bwin et pleins d'autres.
&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1071 by [[Special:Contributions/Ericv|Ericv]] ([[User talk:Ericv|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1843">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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      <id>1643</id>
      <parentid>1642</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-22T03:54:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1070 by [[Special:Contributions/Dave|Dave]] ([[User talk:Dave|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2027">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery [http://www.jouercasino.eu jeux casino] and [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.[http://www.forexlistings.fr forex]

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
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      <comment>Undo revision 1069 by [[Special:Contributions/Ericv|Ericv]] ([[User talk:Ericv|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2021">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery [http://www.jouercasino.eu jeux casino] and [http://www.casinolistings.fr casino en ligne]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.[http://www.vatmom.com forex]

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 1068 by [[Special:Contributions/Ericv|Ericv]] ([[User talk:Ericv|Talk]])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1970">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery [http://www.jouercasino.eu jeux casino]

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.[http://www.vatmom.com forex]

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1902">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1649</id>
      <parentid>1646</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-25T07:09:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MollieFrench</username>
        <id>166</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2100">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://featherranch.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;dog training&lt;/span&gt;] who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1696</id>
      <parentid>1649</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-12-11T19:24:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Heruvio</username>
        <id>463</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2329">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://featherranch.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;dog training&lt;/span&gt;] who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.best-foodprocessorreviews.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;food processor reviews&lt;/span&gt;]. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1705</id>
      <parentid>1696</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Rakibul3g</username>
        <id>517</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2492">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://featherranch.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;dog training&lt;/span&gt;] who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.best-foodprocessorreviews.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;food processor reviews&lt;/span&gt;]. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.

== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
[http://www.camdolly.com/ camera dolly]
[http://www.camdolly.com/ film making gear]
[http://www.camdolly.com/ tripod dolly]
[http://www.camdolly.com/ video dolly]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1716</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Trescothicklara</username>
        <id>530</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* About */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3303">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://featherranch.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;dog training&lt;/span&gt;] who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.best-foodprocessorreviews.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;food processor reviews&lt;/span&gt;]. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.
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== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
[http://www.camdolly.com/ camera dolly]
[http://www.camdolly.com/ film making gear]
[http://www.camdolly.com/ tripod dolly]
[http://www.camdolly.com/ video dolly]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    <revision>
      <id>1720</id>
      <parentid>1716</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-01-05T22:45:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MatildaHarris</username>
        <id>172</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3508">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.phuketproperty.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: black; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none&quot;&gt;Phuket Real estate&lt;/span&gt;] the interested general public,&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://featherranch.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;dog training&lt;/span&gt;] who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.best-foodprocessorreviews.com &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;food processor reviews&lt;/span&gt;]. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.
[http://essaywritingmaster.co.uk/accounting-assignment Accounting Assignment]										
[http://essaywritingmaster.co.uk/custom-assignment-services Assignment writing]										
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[http://essaywritingmaster.co.uk/mathematics-assignment Mathematics Assignment]										
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== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!
[http://www.camdolly.com/ camera dolly]
[http://www.camdolly.com/ film making gear]
[http://www.camdolly.com/ tripod dolly]
[http://www.camdolly.com/ video dolly]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1766</id>
      <parentid>1720</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-02-03T05:32:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1903">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''

== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

Enjoy!</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    <revision>
      <id>1775</id>
      <parentid>1766</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-02-04T02:24:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1904">[[Image:Colorata.JPG|border|right|300x400px|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 

== Our Aim  ==

*To provide a freely accessible accurate resource describing biodiversity in the Scyphozoa. 
*To distill the information available in the scientific literature, including the latest discoveries, for access by non-specialists. 
*To provide a tool for research, education, and discovery 

== About  ==

''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' is dedicated to integrating and disseminating information describing medusae currently, or previously, recognized as scyphozoans (* i.e. Scyphozoa, the sister taxon Cubozoa, and the enigmatic Staurozoa). It is a venue for scyphozoan biologists of all kinds to present historical and modern knowledge, in simplified form, to non-specialists including aquarists, coastal managers, educators, fisheries biologists, students, and the interested general public, who may all have first hand experience with jellyfishes. We encourage contributions in the hope that ''The Scyphozoan* Wiki'' will become a regular repository for, and generator of, new information on this enigmatic group.


== History  ==

''The Scyphozoan'' website, the precursor to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'', was first published online in April 2003. The 6th, and final html, edition was published in August 2007. The seventh edition marked migration of ''The Scyphozoan'' compendium to ''The Scyphozoan Wiki'' and archiving of the original site with bibliography, a repository for published datasets, species key, and portal to project websites.'''&lt;br&gt;'''


== The Scope  ==

The class Scyphozoa: Coronatae, Semaeostomeae, Rhizostomeae and all members thereof. Also the Staurozoa (stauromedusae) and Cubozoa (cubomedusae). All attributes of these groups, including their behaviour, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. The inter-relationships between animals, attributes, and environment. 

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    <title>Mastigias</title>
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      <comment>New page: '''Characteristics of the Genus   (from Kramp 1961)'''  Mastigiidae with mouth-arms terminating in a naked, club-shaped extremity; mouths not only along the three edges of the mouth-arms, ...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7876">'''Characteristics of the Genus   (from Kramp 1961)'''

Mastigiidae with mouth-arms terminating in a naked, club-shaped extremity; mouths not only along the three edges of the mouth-arms, but also on their flat, expanded sides; numerous small clubs and filaments between the frilled mouths; intra-circular mesh-work of canals with 6-20 canal-roots in each octant, usually communicating with the rhopalar canals.

----

'''Meristics and morphometric features'''

[[Image:MastigiasMorphometrics.jpg]]

Figure: The morphology of Mastigias. (A) Photograph of an approximately 15 cm [bell diameter] medusa from Goby Lake, Palau. (B) Sketch of a longitudinal section along the interradial axis of the medusa [i.e. through the plane of the paper after rotation of the medusa in A through approximately 30° to the left]. (C) Sketch of the subumbrellar surface of the bell, and (D) cross-section through the bell along line VWX. (E) Schematic of the oral disc, in oral aspect, showing two of the eight oral arms, and (F) cross-section through the oral disc along line YZ or its orthogonal. Features discussed below include the following. Bell colour (f1). Perradial and interradial canal colour (f2). The presence of pigmented flecks at the roots or along the length of radial canals (f3). Oral arm colour (f4; lower arrow points to the �fringe�). Terminal club colour (f5). Abundance (f6) and colour (f7) of spots on the exumbrellar surface. Bell diameter (f9). Ring canal diameter (f10). Length of the simple, unwinged, portion of the oral arm (f11). Length of the winged portion of the oral arm (f12). Shape (f13), number (f14), and length (f15) of the terminal clubs. Length (f16), width (f17), and depth (f18) of the oral pillars. Width of the subgenital ostia (f19). Diameter (f20) and depth (f21) of the oral disc. Presence of intermediate filaments on the oral arm and oral disc (f22). Number of velar lappets [i.e. all lappets bar the two at each rhopalium] (f23). Shape of the gastrovascular cavity (f24). Colour of the subgenital porticus (f25). The interradial (I. f26) and perradial (P. f27) diameters of the gastrovascular cavity. Bell thickness (f28). The number of perradial (f29), interradial (f30), and adradial (f31) canal origins at the gastrovascular cavity. The number of perradial (f32) and adradial (f34) anastomoses in the radial canals that are circumscribed by the ring canal. The number of sinuses originating at the gastrovascular cavity (f35), and interradial (f37) and adradial (f38) canals. Radial canals are named consistent with the phylogenetic hypothesis of Uchida (1926: 87). Five features are not indicated in the figure: the mass of the whole medusa (f8), the number of interradial anastomoses (f33), the number of sinuses originating at perradial (f36) and ring canals (f39), and the number of anastomoses leading to two sinuses (f40). bf, brood filaments which are found only on mature female medusae. 


----

'''Methods'''

At least 40 meristic and morphological features (f; or indirect measurements thereof as indicated by ') can be measured on each medusae. Measurements should be made as soon as possible after collection.

While the medusa is in an holding tank of ambient salinity water, use a standard palette of reference colours to describe
(f1) Colour of the bell.
(f2) Colour of the perradial and interradial canals
(f3) Colour of the opaque flecks in the radial canals (if present)
(f4) Colour of the oral arms.
(f5) Colour of the terminal clubs.
(f6) Sketch, photograph,or otherwise describe the relative abundance [including the distribution pattern] of spots on the exumbrellar surface.
(f7) Colour of spots on the exumbrellar surface.

If mature, identify the sex of the medusa by the presence [female] or absence [male] of brood filaments on the oral arms and oral disk. Gonadal tissue also be biopsied and examined under a dissecting microscope to confirm the sex of the medusa.

(f8) Remove the medusa from the water, place it in a mesh [1 mm-sqr] bag, drain of water for 20 s and weigh to nearest 1g on an analytical balance.

Place medusa, flat, exumbrella surface down, on an horizontal transparent surface illuminated from below by a circular 40W fluorescent light. Place a thin mark [e.g. toothpick] snug against the manubrium, perpendicular to and at the base of each oral arm. Use 0.1 mm calipers to measure the following features.
(f9) Bell diameter [Db].
(f10) Diameter of the ring canal [Dc].
(f11) Length of the unwinged portion, as well as the total length, of four oral arms starting from the base of the arm at the oral disk (defined as the point at which the recumbent oral arm is creased).
(f12) Calculated the length of the winged portion of the oral arms was by subtracting the length of the unwinged portion from the total length of the arm.
(f13) Sketch or otherwise describe the shape of terminal clubs.
(f14) Record the number of terminal clubs.
(f15) Lengths of four [or as many as possible if less than four] terminal clubs.

Amputate the oral arms. Use 0.1 mm calipers to measure the following features.
(f16) Length of two oral pillars.
(f17) Width of two oral pillars.
(f18) Depth of two oral pillars.
(f19) Width of two subgenital ostia.

Amputate the oral disk and place it bell-facing surface down on a flat surface. Measure the following.
(f20) Diameter of the oral disk (Dd) across both perradial axes.
(f21a-d) Thickness of the oral disk at intervals of Dd/6 across one perradial axis using a mm-calibrated probe to determine disk-shape and thickness.
(f22) Note the presence of intermediate filaments [i.e. non-brood filaments] on (a) the oral arms and (b) the oral disk.
(f23) Record the number of non-rhopalar lappets in each of four, preferably adjacent, octants.
(f24) Sketch the shape of the gastrovascular cavity and the gastric and gonadal tissue and class as cruciform or not.
(f25) Note any colouration of the subgenital porticus, with reference to a standard palette of reference colours.
(f26) Measure the width of the gastrovascular cavity along one interradial axis.
(f27) Measure the width of the gastrovascular cavity along one perradial axis.

Remove the subgenital porticus from the bell.
(f28a-e) Measure the bell depth at intervals of Db/10 across one interradial axis using a mm-calibrated probe to determine bell-shape and bell thickness.

Inject the radial canal system of the medusa with food dye and photograph it. Use the resulting picture to enumerate the following 12 features of the canal system, per quadrant [delimited by consecutive perradial canals; see Notes below].
(f29) Number of originations of perradial canals.
(f30) Number of originations of interradial canals.
(f31) Number of originations of adradial canals.
(f32) Total number of anastomoses involving perradial canals [i.e. perradial-perradial, perradial-adradial].
(f33) Total number of anastomoses involving interradial canals [i.e. interradial-interradial, interradial-adradial].
(f34) Total number of anastomoses between adradial canals [i.e. adradial-adradial].
(f35) Number of sinuses originating at the stomach pouch.
(f36) Number of sinuses originating at perradial canal.
(f37) Number of sinuses originating at interradial canal.
(f38) Number of sinuses originating at adradial canals.
(f39) Number of sinuses originating at ring canal.
(f40) Number of anastomoses that give rise to two sinuses.

 

'''Notes'''

Anastomoses of apparently 4 canals (c) may be indistinguishable from 2 very close anastomoses each involving 3 canals and are therefore interpreted as comprising c - 2 anastomoses separated by zero-length branches.

Sinuses are defined as canal branches that anastomose at only one end

The highly anastomosed canals marginal to the circular canal are too complex to enumerate reliably with the current methods and are therefore excluded.


Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7900">'''Characteristics of the Genus   (from Kramp 1961)'''

Mastigiidae with mouth-arms terminating in a naked, club-shaped extremity; mouths not only along the three edges of the mouth-arms, but also on their flat, expanded sides; numerous small clubs and filaments between the frilled mouths; intra-circular mesh-work of canals with 6-20 canal-roots in each octant, usually communicating with the rhopalar canals.

----

'''Meristics and morphometric features'''

[[Image:MastigiasMorphometrics.jpg]]

Figure: The morphology of Mastigias. (A) Photograph of an approximately 15 cm [bell diameter] medusa from Goby Lake, Palau. (B) Sketch of a longitudinal section along the interradial axis of the medusa [i.e. through the plane of the paper after rotation of the medusa in A through approximately 30° to the left]. (C) Sketch of the subumbrellar surface of the bell, and (D) cross-section through the bell along line VWX. (E) Schematic of the oral disc, in oral aspect, showing two of the eight oral arms, and (F) cross-section through the oral disc along line YZ or its orthogonal. Features discussed below include the following. Bell colour (f1). Perradial and interradial canal colour (f2). The presence of pigmented flecks at the roots or along the length of radial canals (f3). Oral arm colour (f4; lower arrow points to the �fringe�). Terminal club colour (f5). Abundance (f6) and colour (f7) of spots on the exumbrellar surface. Bell diameter (f9). Ring canal diameter (f10). Length of the simple, unwinged, portion of the oral arm (f11). Length of the winged portion of the oral arm (f12). Shape (f13), number (f14), and length (f15) of the terminal clubs. Length (f16), width (f17), and depth (f18) of the oral pillars. Width of the subgenital ostia (f19). Diameter (f20) and depth (f21) of the oral disc. Presence of intermediate filaments on the oral arm and oral disc (f22). Number of velar lappets [i.e. all lappets bar the two at each rhopalium] (f23). Shape of the gastrovascular cavity (f24). Colour of the subgenital porticus (f25). The interradial (I. f26) and perradial (P. f27) diameters of the gastrovascular cavity. Bell thickness (f28). The number of perradial (f29), interradial (f30), and adradial (f31) canal origins at the gastrovascular cavity. The number of perradial (f32) and adradial (f34) anastomoses in the radial canals that are circumscribed by the ring canal. The number of sinuses originating at the gastrovascular cavity (f35), and interradial (f37) and adradial (f38) canals. Radial canals are named consistent with the phylogenetic hypothesis of Uchida (1926: 87). Five features are not indicated in the figure: the mass of the whole medusa (f8), the number of interradial anastomoses (f33), the number of sinuses originating at perradial (f36) and ring canals (f39), and the number of anastomoses leading to two sinuses (f40). bf, brood filaments which are found only on mature female medusae. 


----

'''Methods'''

At least 40 meristic and morphological features (f; or indirect measurements thereof as indicated by ') can be measured on each medusae. Measurements should be made as soon as possible after collection.

While the medusa is in an holding tank of ambient salinity water, use a standard palette of reference colours to describe
(f1) Colour of the bell.
(f2) Colour of the perradial and interradial canals
(f3) Colour of the opaque flecks in the radial canals (if present)
(f4) Colour of the oral arms.
(f5) Colour of the terminal clubs.
(f6) Sketch, photograph,or otherwise describe the relative abundance [including the distribution pattern] of spots on the exumbrellar surface.
(f7) Colour of spots on the exumbrellar surface.

If mature, identify the sex of the medusa by the presence [female] or absence [male] of brood filaments on the oral arms and oral disk. Gonadal tissue also be biopsied and examined under a dissecting microscope to confirm the sex of the medusa.

(f8) Remove the medusa from the water, place it in a mesh [1 mm-sqr] bag, drain of water for 20 s and weigh to nearest 1g on an analytical balance.

Place medusa, flat, exumbrella surface down, on an horizontal transparent surface illuminated from below by a circular 40W fluorescent light. Place a thin mark [e.g. toothpick] snug against the manubrium, perpendicular to and at the base of each oral arm. Use 0.1 mm calipers to measure the following features.
(f9) Bell diameter [Db].
(f10) Diameter of the ring canal [Dc].
(f11) Length of the unwinged portion, as well as the total length, of four oral arms starting from the base of the arm at the oral disk (defined as the point at which the recumbent oral arm is creased).
(f12) Calculated the length of the winged portion of the oral arms was by subtracting the length of the unwinged portion from the total length of the arm.
(f13) Sketch or otherwise describe the shape of terminal clubs.
(f14) Record the number of terminal clubs.
(f15) Lengths of four [or as many as possible if less than four] terminal clubs.

Amputate the oral arms. Use 0.1 mm calipers to measure the following features.
(f16) Length of two oral pillars.
(f17) Width of two oral pillars.
(f18) Depth of two oral pillars.
(f19) Width of two subgenital ostia.

Amputate the oral disk and place it bell-facing surface down on a flat surface. Measure the following.
(f20) Diameter of the oral disk (Dd) across both perradial axes.
(f21a-d) Thickness of the oral disk at intervals of Dd/6 across one perradial axis using a mm-calibrated probe to determine disk-shape and thickness.
(f22) Note the presence of intermediate filaments [i.e. non-brood filaments] on (a) the oral arms and (b) the oral disk.
(f23) Record the number of non-rhopalar lappets in each of four, preferably adjacent, octants.
(f24) Sketch the shape of the gastrovascular cavity and the gastric and gonadal tissue and class as cruciform or not.
(f25) Note any colouration of the subgenital porticus, with reference to a standard palette of reference colours.
(f26) Measure the width of the gastrovascular cavity along one interradial axis.
(f27) Measure the width of the gastrovascular cavity along one perradial axis.

Remove the subgenital porticus from the bell.
(f28a-e) Measure the bell depth at intervals of Db/10 across one interradial axis using a mm-calibrated probe to determine bell-shape and bell thickness.

Inject the radial canal system of the medusa with food dye and photograph it. Use the resulting picture to enumerate the following 12 features of the canal system, per quadrant [delimited by consecutive perradial canals; see Notes below].
(f29) Number of originations of perradial canals.
(f30) Number of originations of interradial canals.
(f31) Number of originations of adradial canals.
(f32) Total number of anastomoses involving perradial canals [i.e. perradial-perradial, perradial-adradial].
(f33) Total number of anastomoses involving interradial canals [i.e. interradial-interradial, interradial-adradial].
(f34) Total number of anastomoses between adradial canals [i.e. adradial-adradial].
(f35) Number of sinuses originating at the stomach pouch.
(f36) Number of sinuses originating at perradial canal.
(f37) Number of sinuses originating at interradial canal.
(f38) Number of sinuses originating at adradial canals.
(f39) Number of sinuses originating at ring canal.
(f40) Number of anastomoses that give rise to two sinuses.

 

'''Notes'''

Anastomoses of apparently 4 canals (c) may be indistinguishable from 2 very close anastomoses each involving 3 canals and are therefore interpreted as comprising c - 2 anastomoses separated by zero-length branches.

Sinuses are defined as canal branches that anastomose at only one end

The highly anastomosed canals marginal to the circular canal are too complex to enumerate reliably with the current methods and are therefore excluded.


Prepared by ''M. N Dawson''

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    <title>Mastigias papua</title>
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      <comment>New page:  == ''Mastigias papua'' Lesson 1880 ==</comment>
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== ''Mastigias papua'' Lesson 1880 ==</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="39">== ''Mastigias papua'' (Lesson 1830) ==</text>
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      <comment>[[M. papua]] moved to [[Mastigias papua]]: Renamed to standardize how species pages are referred to</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="39">== ''Mastigias papua'' (Lesson 1830) ==</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="121">== ''Mastigias papua'' (Lesson 1830) ==

A species of [[Rhizostomeae]] from the Southern Pacific.

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      <comment>New page: '''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''   Rhizostomes with mouth-arms dichotomous and triangular or three-winged. A network of anastomosing canals communicate with the cent...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="609">'''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''


Rhizostomes with mouth-arms dichotomous and triangular or three-winged. A network of anastomosing canals communicate with the central gastral cavity in several places between the radial canals. Rhopalar pits smooth, without radial folds. Subgenital ostia without papillae.

With annular subumbrellar muscles. With eight rhopalar radial canals. With ring canal. With a continuous genital porticus. Subgenital ostia very broad. Arm-disk quadratic, with four primary canals.

With short, pyramidal, three-winged mout-arms; with filaments on the arm-disk.</text>
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      <minor/>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="633">'''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''


Rhizostomes with mouth-arms dichotomous and triangular or three-winged. A network of anastomosing canals communicate with the central gastral cavity in several places between the radial canals. Rhopalar pits smooth, without radial folds. Subgenital ostia without papillae.

With annular subumbrellar muscles. With eight rhopalar radial canals. With ring canal. With a continuous genital porticus. Subgenital ostia very broad. Arm-disk quadratic, with four primary canals.

With short, pyramidal, three-winged mout-arms; with filaments on the arm-disk.

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
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    <title>MediaWiki Explanation</title>
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      <comment>New page: Wiki article submission guide 2222</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="34">Wiki article submission guide 2222</text>
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    <title>MediaWiki formatting explained</title>
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      <comment>New page: Manual for adding pages using mediawiki syntax will be posted here  [http://www.mediawiki.com Official Mediawiki Site]</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="118">Manual for adding pages using mediawiki syntax will be posted here

[http://www.mediawiki.com Official Mediawiki Site]</text>
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    <title>Methods</title>
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      <comment>New page: = Preservation of tissues for DNA analysis  =  ''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)''   === Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===  1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cl...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7927">= Preservation of tissues for DNA analysis  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber) 

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of medusae for morphological analysis  =

= Photography  =

= FREE DNA Sequencing&lt;br&gt;  =

Identify and sequence any scyphozoan for free! If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA, then send pictures and a sample to us! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you. All you need to do is follow the simple instructions below ... 

=== Photograph the jellyfish  ===

=== Preserve the DNA  ===

=== Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)  ===

=== Provide information about the collection  ===

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact us here. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>830</id>
      <parentid>829</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T23:44:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9073">= Preservation of tissues for DNA analysis  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber) 

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of medusae for morphological analysis  =

= Photography  =

= FREE DNA Sequencing&lt;br&gt;  =

Identify and sequence any scyphozoan for free! If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA, then send pictures and a sample to us! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you. All you need to do is follow the simple instructions below ... 

==== Genetic Barcodes&lt;br&gt;  ====

Like the UPC system of barcodes employed to uniquely identify manufactured goods, a single genetic marker could provide an universal barcode system that uniquely identifies all animals on Earth (Hebert et al. 2003). Cytochrome Oxidase c subunit I (COI) has been adopted by the Census of Marine Life (COML) as the preferred genetic barcode. COML is recommending the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA, also known as 18S), which forms the basis of the Tree of Life project, as a second elective barcode 

Although there are limitations to the use of genetic barcodes—for example COI and 18S may not reflect important ecological, morphological, or adaptive genetic variation, and COI is not useful for phylogenetic reconstruction of anciently diverged species—a standardized genetic toolkit for helping to identify species is an important step toward a comprehensive global inventory of biodiversity. 

See [http://www.coreocean.org/Dev2Go.web?id=245069&amp;rnd=5447| COML's DNA barcoding protocol] and [http://www.barcodinglife.com| Barcoding Life] for detailed explanations and additional resources. 

=== Photograph the jellyfish  ===

=== Preserve the DNA  ===

=== Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)  ===

=== Provide information about the collection  ===

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact us here. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>831</id>
      <parentid>830</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T23:46:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9078">= Preservation of tissues for DNA analysis  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber) 

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of medusae for morphological analysis  =

= Photography  =

= FREE DNA Sequencing&lt;br&gt;  =

Identify and sequence any scyphozoan for free! If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA, then send pictures and a sample to us! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you. All you need to do is follow the simple instructions below ... 

==== Genetic Barcodes&lt;br&gt;  ====

Like the UPC system of barcodes employed to uniquely identify manufactured goods, a single genetic marker could provide an universal barcode system that uniquely identifies all animals on Earth (Hebert et al. 2003). Cytochrome Oxidase c subunit I (COI) has been adopted by the Census of Marine Life (COML) as the preferred genetic barcode. COML is recommending the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA, also known as 18S), which forms the basis of the Tree of Life project, as a second elective barcode 

Although there are limitations to the use of genetic barcodes—for example COI and 18S may not reflect important ecological, morphological, or adaptive genetic variation, and COI is not useful for phylogenetic reconstruction of anciently diverged species—a standardized genetic toolkit for helping to identify species is an important step toward a comprehensive global inventory of biodiversity. 

See [http://www.coreocean.org/Dev2Go.web?id=255158| COML's DNA barcoding protocol] and [http://www.barcodinglife.org/views/login.php Barcoding Life] for detailed explanations and additional resources.

=== Photograph the jellyfish  ===

=== Preserve the DNA  ===

=== Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)  ===

=== Provide information about the collection  ===

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact us here. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>832</id>
      <parentid>831</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T23:58:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* FREE DNA Sequencing */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9797">= Preservation of tissues for DNA analysis  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber) 

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of medusae for morphological analysis  =

= Photography  =

= FREE DNA Sequencing&lt;br&gt;  =

Identify and sequence any scyphozoan for free! If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA, then send pictures and a sample to us! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you.&amp;nbsp; 

==== Genetic Barcodes&lt;br&gt;  ====

Like the UPC system of barcodes employed to uniquely identify manufactured goods, a single genetic marker could provide an universal barcode system that uniquely identifies all animals on Earth (Hebert et al. 2003). Cytochrome Oxidase c subunit I (COI) has been adopted by the Census of Marine Life (COML) as the preferred genetic barcode. COML is recommending the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA, also known as 18S), which forms the basis of the Tree of Life project, as a second elective barcode 

Although there are limitations to the use of genetic barcodes—for example COI and 18S may not reflect important ecological, morphological, or adaptive genetic variation, and COI is not useful for phylogenetic reconstruction of anciently diverged species—a standardized genetic toolkit for helping to identify species is an important step toward a comprehensive global inventory of biodiversity. 

See [http://www.coreocean.org/Dev2Go.web?id=255158| COML's DNA barcoding protocol] and [http://www.barcodinglife.org/views/login.php Barcoding Life] for detailed explanations and additional resources. 

To send in your samples follow the steps below:&lt;br&gt;

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of DNA&quot; for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of Jelly&quot; for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Provide information about the collection

&lt;u&gt;When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:&lt;/u&gt;

'''&lt;u&gt;Geographic location&lt;/u&gt;''' (place name; GPS/latitude+longitude; brief description of the site; if possible, include a copy of a map showing the location '''&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;'''

'''&lt;u&gt;Depth&lt;/u&gt;''' (in metres)'''&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;'''

'''&lt;u&gt;Date&lt;/u&gt;''' (of collection) &lt;u&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;u&gt;'''Collector'''&lt;/u&gt; (e.g. your name)&lt;u&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;u&gt;'''Photograph'''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;u&gt;'''Whole jellyfish preserved?'''&lt;/u&gt; (yes/no; where) &lt;br&gt;

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact us here. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>833</id>
      <parentid>832</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T00:11:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9576">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber) 

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

= Photography  =

= FREE DNA Sequencing&lt;br&gt;  =

Identify and sequence any scyphozoan for free! If you find a jellyfish and would like to know what it is and about it's DNA, then send pictures and a sample to us! We will identify the animals to the best of our ability, as well as sequence molecular markers including &quot;genetic barcodes&quot; from the mitochondrial (16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S, 28S, and other markers in the future) genomes, then send the information to you.&amp;nbsp; 

==== Genetic Barcodes&lt;br&gt;  ====

Like the UPC system of barcodes employed to uniquely identify manufactured goods, a single genetic marker could provide an universal barcode system that uniquely identifies all animals on Earth (Hebert et al. 2003). Cytochrome Oxidase c subunit I (COI) has been adopted by the Census of Marine Life (COML) as the preferred genetic barcode. COML is recommending the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA, also known as 18S), which forms the basis of the Tree of Life project, as a second elective barcode 

Although there are limitations to the use of genetic barcodes—for example COI and 18S may not reflect important ecological, morphological, or adaptive genetic variation, and COI is not useful for phylogenetic reconstruction of anciently diverged species—a standardized genetic toolkit for helping to identify species is an important step toward a comprehensive global inventory of biodiversity. 

See [http://www.coreocean.org/Dev2Go.web?id=255158| COML's DNA barcoding protocol] and [http://www.barcodinglife.org/views/login.php Barcoding Life] for detailed explanations and additional resources. 

To send in your samples follow the steps below:&lt;br&gt; 

#Photograph the jellyfish

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the DNA

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of DNA&quot; for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Preserve the remainder of the specimen for morphological analysis (optional, but highly preferred)

*See descriptions under &quot;Preservation of Medusae&quot; for more detailed information.&lt;br&gt;

#Provide information about the collection

&lt;u&gt;When sending samples, please include the following information for each specimen:&lt;/u&gt; 

'''Geographic location''' 

'''Depth''' 

'''Date''' (of collection)&amp;nbsp; 

'''Collector''' (e.g. your name) 

'''Photograph''' 

'''Whole jellyfish preserved?''' (yes/no; where) &lt;br&gt; 

=== Conditions&lt;br&gt;  ===

While we will endeavor to provide sequence data to you in a timely manner, turnaround will depend upon resources at the time. We expect that samples will be processed in less than one month in only exceptional circumstances. A more realistic expectation is 2-6 months, but sometimes longer as laboratory facilities may change from time to time. As resources are established and subsequently increased we hope to provide a more efficient service. Depending on your needs, arrangements can be made on a case by case basis. Please contact us if you have any questions. 

We will attempt to sequence all species submitted, but success cannot be guaranteed. Our ability to generate sequence data will depend on the quality of the sample and whether existing techniques work for that species. If techniques don't work initially, we will attempt to modify them appropriately, but this will take time and sometimes may not be successful if resources (e.g. samples, time) are limited. Also, due to financial restrictions, we will only be able to sequence one or two jellyfish per species per location or region. If you would like to know whether we will sequence your samples before you send them, please contact Michael Dawson at mdawson@ucmerced.edu. It may be possible to arrange a subset of analysis. 

Submission of samples implicitly gives us the right to use the sequences, including, but not limited to, publication on this site and in the scientific literature. Our intention is to advance knowledge of the scyphozoans as broadly as possible. If this might conflict with your immediate interests, please do not hesitate to discuss the matter with us. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with anyone interested in these animals and may forgo this condition in the interests of progress. All contributors to all studies will be acknowledged.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Shipping&lt;br&gt;  ===

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>884</id>
      <parentid>833</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T14:03:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4947">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber) 

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

= Photography  =</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>897</id>
      <parentid>884</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T15:11:09Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Mdawson</username>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5048">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber) 

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details =

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>908</id>
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      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Equipment */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5156">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Formalin 4%.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;9. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details =

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>909</id>
      <parentid>908</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T23:24:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Equipment */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5137">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details =

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>910</id>
      <parentid>909</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T23:33:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Procedure B  */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5415">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail or plastic bag. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water .&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details =

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>913</id>
      <parentid>910</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-29T06:15:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Procedure B  */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5456">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail or plastic bag[[Image:Handling1.jpg||150px|thumb|left]]. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water .&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details =

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>917</id>
      <parentid>913</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-29T06:40:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Procedure B  */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5694">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg
Image:Handling2.jpg
Image:Handling3.jpg
Image:Handling4.jpg

&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg
Image:Handling2.jpg
Image:Handling3.jpg
Image:Handling4.jpg
&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details =

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>920</id>
      <parentid>917</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-29T07:18:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Procedure B  */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5664">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg
Image:Handling2.jpg
Image:Handling3.jpg
Image:Handling4.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg
Image:DNA2.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details =

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921</id>
      <parentid>920</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-29T07:31:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp; */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6370">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg
Image:Handling2.jpg
Image:Handling3.jpg
Image:Handling4.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg
Image:DNA2.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely. 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation.

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details =

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>930</id>
      <parentid>921</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-29T08:07:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6390">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg
Image:Handling2.jpg
Image:Handling3.jpg
Image:Handling4.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg
Image:DNA2.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Example.jpg]]

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation.

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details =

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>932</id>
      <parentid>930</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-29T08:15:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp; */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6583">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg
Image:Handling2.jpg
Image:Handling3.jpg
Image:Handling4.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg
Image:DNA2.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center]]

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation.
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=4&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg
Image:Morph3.jpg
Image:Morph4.jpg
Image:Morph5.jpg
Image:Morph6.jpg
Image:Morph7.jpg
Image:Morph8.jpg
Image:Morph9.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt;

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details =

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>937</id>
      <parentid>932</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-30T08:02:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp; */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6865">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg
Image:Handling2.jpg
Image:Handling3.jpg
Image:Handling4.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg
Image:DNA2.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg
Image:Morph3.jpg
Image:Morph4.jpg
Image:Morph5.jpg
Image:Morph6.jpg
Image:Morph7.jpg
Image:Morph8.jpg
Image:Morph9.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard). Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt;

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details =

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>938</id>
      <parentid>937</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-30T08:03:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6864">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg
Image:Handling2.jpg
Image:Handling3.jpg
Image:Handling4.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg
Image:DNA2.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery perrow=&quot;4&quot; widths=&quot;150px&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg
Image:Morph3.jpg
Image:Morph4.jpg
Image:Morph5.jpg
Image:Morph6.jpg
Image:Morph7.jpg
Image:Morph8.jpg
Image:Morph9.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt;

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details =

See [[Shipping information and details]] for more information.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>939</id>
      <parentid>938</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-30T09:19:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8756">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg
Image:Handling2.jpg
Image:Handling3.jpg
Image:Handling4.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg
Image:DNA2.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery perrow=&quot;4&quot; widths=&quot;150px&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg
Image:Morph3.jpg
Image:Morph4.jpg
Image:Morph5.jpg
Image:Morph6.jpg
Image:Morph7.jpg
Image:Morph8.jpg
Image:Morph9.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt;

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details  =

'''Packing DNA Samples'''&lt;br&gt;1. Tissues must be in plastic tube (vials) with secure screw or snap top, with a label. Be sure to write the label in waterproof paper and pencil (Ethanol rub out the ink of permanent markers).&lt;br&gt;2. Vials should be wrapped in small groups and wrapped with packaging tape. This makes one single unit out of many and will prevent movement and collision during shipping. Another option is to use a carton or plastic vials’ box.&lt;br&gt;3. Double page the vials or box with zip lock bags.&lt;br&gt;4. Wrap bags in absorbent material and place in a third, sealed bag.&lt;br&gt;5. These pouches or boxes should each be wrapped with bubble wrap to further separate each pouch, tape bubble wrapping to secure.&lt;br&gt;6. Place the triple-bagged specimens, now in a single pouch, in a larger box surrounded by either (not both) packing peanuts, air packets, or other impact absorbing packing material. 

'''Shipping Ethanol Samples'''&lt;br&gt;The shipments of samples preserved in ethanol are regulated by the Department of Transportation. Shipping ethanol in limited quantities is allowed in almost all the commercial curiers following the next regulations:&lt;br&gt;1. Each pack of vials cannot exceed 1 liter each.&lt;br&gt;2. Shipment must be packed in strong, tight and secure containers.&lt;br&gt;3. Shipments must contain enough absorbent material (pads, cotton, etc.).&lt;br&gt;4. Total package weight cannot exceed 30 kg.&lt;br&gt;5. Shipping label: Limited quantity, ethanol, 3, UN1170, PG II. 

For more Information follow the guidelines for each curier&lt;br&gt;UPS [http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav]&lt;br&gt;FEDEX (PDF File)&lt;br&gt;USPS [http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity]&lt;br&gt;DHL [http://www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp?nav=FindServInfo/DangerousGoods www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp]&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>940</id>
      <parentid>939</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-30T09:53:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9543">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg
Image:Handling2.jpg
Image:Handling3.jpg
Image:Handling4.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg
Image:DNA2.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery perrow=&quot;4&quot; widths=&quot;150px&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg
Image:Morph3.jpg
Image:Morph4.jpg
Image:Morph5.jpg
Image:Morph6.jpg
Image:Morph7.jpg
Image:Morph8.jpg
Image:Morph9.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt;

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details  =

'''Packing DNA Samples'''&lt;br&gt;1. Tissues must be in plastic tube (vials) with secure screw or snap top, with a label. Be sure to write the label in waterproof paper and pencil (Ethanol rub out the ink of permanent markers).&lt;br&gt;2. Vials should be wrapped in small groups and wrapped with packaging tape. This makes one single unit out of many and will prevent movement and collision during shipping. Another option is to use a carton or plastic vials’ box.&lt;br&gt;3. Double page the vials or box with zip lock bags.&lt;br&gt;4. Wrap bags in absorbent material and place in a third, sealed bag.&lt;br&gt;5. These pouches or boxes should each be wrapped with bubble wrap to further separate each pouch, tape bubble wrapping to secure.&lt;br&gt;6. Place the triple-bagged specimens, now in a single pouch, in a larger box surrounded by either (not both) packing peanuts, air packets, or other impact absorbing packing material. 

'''Shipping Ethanol Samples'''&lt;br&gt;The shipments of samples preserved in ethanol are regulated by the Department of Transportation. Shipping ethanol in limited quantities is allowed in almost all the commercial curiers following the next regulations:&lt;br&gt;1. Each pack of vials cannot exceed 1 liter each.&lt;br&gt;2. Shipment must be packed in strong, tight and secure containers.&lt;br&gt;3. Shipments must contain enough absorbent material (pads, cotton, etc.).&lt;br&gt;4. Total package weight cannot exceed 30 kg.&lt;br&gt;5. Shipping label: Limited quantity, ethanol, 3, UN1170, PG II. 

For more Information follow the guidelines for each curier&lt;br&gt;UPS [http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav]&lt;br&gt;FEDEX (PDF File)&lt;br&gt;USPS [http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity]&lt;br&gt;DHL [http://www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp?nav=FindServInfo/DangerousGoods www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp]&lt;br&gt; 

'''Packing Preserved Medusae''' 

Jellyfish should be pack in plastic bags or plastic containers with tap water. '''FORMALIN''' is prohibited for almost all the worldwide courier companies, including postoffice and airlines. 

1. Drain all the formalin and place a pad of cotton moisturized with tap water in the bottom of the bag, seal the bag using a rubber band (link to preservation). &lt;br&gt;2. The organisms in the bag must have some air in there to avoid damage. Always use a double bag .&lt;br&gt;All the bagged organisms must be placed in a cooler box or carton box (Fig. 7), placing the heaviest and bigger organisms at the bottom and the lighter and smaller on the top. Use peanuts or any kind of paper to protect the samples. For carton boxes use a double carton box.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>941</id>
      <parentid>940</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-30T16:08:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9572">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg
Image:Handling2.jpg
Image:Handling3.jpg
Image:Handling4.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg
Image:DNA2.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery perrow=&quot;4&quot; widths=&quot;150px&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg
Image:Morph4.jpg
Image:Morph5.jpg
Image:Morph6.jpg
Image:Morph7.jpg
Image:Morph8.jpg
Image:Morph9.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt;

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details  =

'''Packing DNA Samples'''&lt;br&gt;1. Tissues must be in plastic tube (vials) with secure screw or snap top, with a label. Be sure to write the label in waterproof paper and pencil (Ethanol rub out the ink of permanent markers).&lt;br&gt;2. Vials should be wrapped in small groups and wrapped with packaging tape. This makes one single unit out of many and will prevent movement and collision during shipping. Another option is to use a carton or plastic vials’ box.&lt;br&gt;3. Double page the vials or box with zip lock bags.&lt;br&gt;4. Wrap bags in absorbent material and place in a third, sealed bag.&lt;br&gt;5. These pouches or boxes should each be wrapped with bubble wrap to further separate each pouch, tape bubble wrapping to secure.&lt;br&gt;6. Place the triple-bagged specimens, now in a single pouch, in a larger box surrounded by either (not both) packing peanuts, air packets, or other impact absorbing packing material. 

'''Shipping Ethanol Samples'''&lt;br&gt;The shipments of samples preserved in ethanol are regulated by the Department of Transportation. Shipping ethanol in limited quantities is allowed in almost all the commercial curiers following the next regulations:&lt;br&gt;1. Each pack of vials cannot exceed 1 liter each.&lt;br&gt;2. Shipment must be packed in strong, tight and secure containers.&lt;br&gt;3. Shipments must contain enough absorbent material (pads, cotton, etc.).&lt;br&gt;4. Total package weight cannot exceed 30 kg.&lt;br&gt;5. Shipping label: Limited quantity, ethanol, 3, UN1170, PG II. 

For more Information follow the guidelines for each curier&lt;br&gt;UPS [http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav]&lt;br&gt;FEDEX (PDF File)&lt;br&gt;USPS [http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity]&lt;br&gt;DHL [http://www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp?nav=FindServInfo/DangerousGoods www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp]&lt;br&gt; 

'''Packing Preserved Medusae''' 

Jellyfish should be pack in plastic bags or plastic containers with tap water. '''FORMALIN''' is prohibited for almost all the worldwide courier companies, including postoffice and airlines. 

1. Drain all the formalin and place a pad of cotton moisturized with tap water in the bottom of the bag, seal the bag using a rubber band (link to preservation). &lt;br&gt;2. The organisms in the bag must have some air in there to avoid damage. Always use a double bag .&lt;br&gt;All the bagged organisms must be placed in a cooler box or carton box (Fig. 7), placing the heaviest and bigger organisms at the bottom and the lighter and smaller on the top. Use peanuts or any kind of paper to protect the samples. For carton boxes use a double carton box.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>942</id>
      <parentid>941</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-30T16:10:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9575">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg
Image:Handling2.jpg
Image:Handling3.jpg
Image:Handling4.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg
Image:DNA2.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery perrow=&quot;4&quot; widths=&quot;150px&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg 
Image:Morph3.jpg | place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph4.jpg
Image:Morph5.jpg
Image:Morph6.jpg
Image:Morph7.jpg
Image:Morph8.jpg
Image:Morph9.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt;

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details  =

'''Packing DNA Samples'''&lt;br&gt;1. Tissues must be in plastic tube (vials) with secure screw or snap top, with a label. Be sure to write the label in waterproof paper and pencil (Ethanol rub out the ink of permanent markers).&lt;br&gt;2. Vials should be wrapped in small groups and wrapped with packaging tape. This makes one single unit out of many and will prevent movement and collision during shipping. Another option is to use a carton or plastic vials’ box.&lt;br&gt;3. Double page the vials or box with zip lock bags.&lt;br&gt;4. Wrap bags in absorbent material and place in a third, sealed bag.&lt;br&gt;5. These pouches or boxes should each be wrapped with bubble wrap to further separate each pouch, tape bubble wrapping to secure.&lt;br&gt;6. Place the triple-bagged specimens, now in a single pouch, in a larger box surrounded by either (not both) packing peanuts, air packets, or other impact absorbing packing material. 

'''Shipping Ethanol Samples'''&lt;br&gt;The shipments of samples preserved in ethanol are regulated by the Department of Transportation. Shipping ethanol in limited quantities is allowed in almost all the commercial curiers following the next regulations:&lt;br&gt;1. Each pack of vials cannot exceed 1 liter each.&lt;br&gt;2. Shipment must be packed in strong, tight and secure containers.&lt;br&gt;3. Shipments must contain enough absorbent material (pads, cotton, etc.).&lt;br&gt;4. Total package weight cannot exceed 30 kg.&lt;br&gt;5. Shipping label: Limited quantity, ethanol, 3, UN1170, PG II. 

For more Information follow the guidelines for each curier&lt;br&gt;UPS [http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav]&lt;br&gt;FEDEX (PDF File)&lt;br&gt;USPS [http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity]&lt;br&gt;DHL [http://www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp?nav=FindServInfo/DangerousGoods www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp]&lt;br&gt; 

'''Packing Preserved Medusae''' 

Jellyfish should be pack in plastic bags or plastic containers with tap water. '''FORMALIN''' is prohibited for almost all the worldwide courier companies, including postoffice and airlines. 

1. Drain all the formalin and place a pad of cotton moisturized with tap water in the bottom of the bag, seal the bag using a rubber band (link to preservation). &lt;br&gt;2. The organisms in the bag must have some air in there to avoid damage. Always use a double bag .&lt;br&gt;All the bagged organisms must be placed in a cooler box or carton box (Fig. 7), placing the heaviest and bigger organisms at the bottom and the lighter and smaller on the top. Use peanuts or any kind of paper to protect the samples. For carton boxes use a double carton box.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>943</id>
      <parentid>942</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-30T16:12:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp; */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9614">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg
Image:Handling2.jpg
Image:Handling3.jpg
Image:Handling4.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg
Image:DNA2.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery perrow=&quot;4&quot; widths=&quot;150px&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg
Image:Morph6.jpg
Image:Morph7.jpg
Image:Morph8.jpg
Image:Morph9.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt;

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details  =

'''Packing DNA Samples'''&lt;br&gt;1. Tissues must be in plastic tube (vials) with secure screw or snap top, with a label. Be sure to write the label in waterproof paper and pencil (Ethanol rub out the ink of permanent markers).&lt;br&gt;2. Vials should be wrapped in small groups and wrapped with packaging tape. This makes one single unit out of many and will prevent movement and collision during shipping. Another option is to use a carton or plastic vials’ box.&lt;br&gt;3. Double page the vials or box with zip lock bags.&lt;br&gt;4. Wrap bags in absorbent material and place in a third, sealed bag.&lt;br&gt;5. These pouches or boxes should each be wrapped with bubble wrap to further separate each pouch, tape bubble wrapping to secure.&lt;br&gt;6. Place the triple-bagged specimens, now in a single pouch, in a larger box surrounded by either (not both) packing peanuts, air packets, or other impact absorbing packing material. 

'''Shipping Ethanol Samples'''&lt;br&gt;The shipments of samples preserved in ethanol are regulated by the Department of Transportation. Shipping ethanol in limited quantities is allowed in almost all the commercial curiers following the next regulations:&lt;br&gt;1. Each pack of vials cannot exceed 1 liter each.&lt;br&gt;2. Shipment must be packed in strong, tight and secure containers.&lt;br&gt;3. Shipments must contain enough absorbent material (pads, cotton, etc.).&lt;br&gt;4. Total package weight cannot exceed 30 kg.&lt;br&gt;5. Shipping label: Limited quantity, ethanol, 3, UN1170, PG II. 

For more Information follow the guidelines for each curier&lt;br&gt;UPS [http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav]&lt;br&gt;FEDEX (PDF File)&lt;br&gt;USPS [http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity]&lt;br&gt;DHL [http://www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp?nav=FindServInfo/DangerousGoods www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp]&lt;br&gt; 

'''Packing Preserved Medusae''' 

Jellyfish should be pack in plastic bags or plastic containers with tap water. '''FORMALIN''' is prohibited for almost all the worldwide courier companies, including postoffice and airlines. 

1. Drain all the formalin and place a pad of cotton moisturized with tap water in the bottom of the bag, seal the bag using a rubber band (link to preservation). &lt;br&gt;2. The organisms in the bag must have some air in there to avoid damage. Always use a double bag .&lt;br&gt;All the bagged organisms must be placed in a cooler box or carton box (Fig. 7), placing the heaviest and bigger organisms at the bottom and the lighter and smaller on the top. Use peanuts or any kind of paper to protect the samples. For carton boxes use a double carton box.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>944</id>
      <parentid>943</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-31T05:22:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Shipping information and details */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9747">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg
Image:Handling2.jpg
Image:Handling3.jpg
Image:Handling4.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg
Image:DNA2.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery perrow=&quot;4&quot; widths=&quot;150px&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg
Image:Morph6.jpg
Image:Morph7.jpg
Image:Morph8.jpg
Image:Morph9.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt;

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details  =

[[ http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details|For details on shipping and packing]]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

'''Packing DNA Samples'''&lt;br&gt;1. Tissues must be in plastic tube (vials) with secure screw or snap top, with a label. Be sure to write the label in waterproof paper and pencil (Ethanol rub out the ink of permanent markers).&lt;br&gt;2. Vials should be wrapped in small groups and wrapped with packaging tape. This makes one single unit out of many and will prevent movement and collision during shipping. Another option is to use a carton or plastic vials’ box.&lt;br&gt;3. Double page the vials or box with zip lock bags.&lt;br&gt;4. Wrap bags in absorbent material and place in a third, sealed bag.&lt;br&gt;5. These pouches or boxes should each be wrapped with bubble wrap to further separate each pouch, tape bubble wrapping to secure.&lt;br&gt;6. Place the triple-bagged specimens, now in a single pouch, in a larger box surrounded by either (not both) packing peanuts, air packets, or other impact absorbing packing material. 

'''Shipping Ethanol Samples'''&lt;br&gt;The shipments of samples preserved in ethanol are regulated by the Department of Transportation. Shipping ethanol in limited quantities is allowed in almost all the commercial curiers following the next regulations:&lt;br&gt;1. Each pack of vials cannot exceed 1 liter each.&lt;br&gt;2. Shipment must be packed in strong, tight and secure containers.&lt;br&gt;3. Shipments must contain enough absorbent material (pads, cotton, etc.).&lt;br&gt;4. Total package weight cannot exceed 30 kg.&lt;br&gt;5. Shipping label: Limited quantity, ethanol, 3, UN1170, PG II. 

For more Information follow the guidelines for each curier&lt;br&gt;UPS [http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav]&lt;br&gt;FEDEX (PDF File)&lt;br&gt;USPS [http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity]&lt;br&gt;DHL [http://www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp?nav=FindServInfo/DangerousGoods www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp]&lt;br&gt; 

'''Packing Preserved Medusae''' 

Jellyfish should be pack in plastic bags or plastic containers with tap water. '''FORMALIN''' is prohibited for almost all the worldwide courier companies, including postoffice and airlines. 

1. Drain all the formalin and place a pad of cotton moisturized with tap water in the bottom of the bag, seal the bag using a rubber band (link to preservation). &lt;br&gt;2. The organisms in the bag must have some air in there to avoid damage. Always use a double bag .&lt;br&gt;All the bagged organisms must be placed in a cooler box or carton box (Fig. 7), placing the heaviest and bigger organisms at the bottom and the lighter and smaller on the top. Use peanuts or any kind of paper to protect the samples. For carton boxes use a double carton box.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>945</id>
      <parentid>944</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-31T05:24:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7002">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg
Image:Handling2.jpg
Image:Handling3.jpg
Image:Handling4.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg
Image:DNA2.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery perrow=&quot;4&quot; widths=&quot;150px&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg
Image:Morph6.jpg
Image:Morph7.jpg
Image:Morph8.jpg
Image:Morph9.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt;

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details  =

[Http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping information and details For details on shipping and packing]&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>946</id>
      <parentid>945</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-31T05:25:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7011">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg
Image:Handling2.jpg
Image:Handling3.jpg
Image:Handling4.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg
Image:DNA2.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery perrow=&quot;4&quot; widths=&quot;150px&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg
Image:Morph6.jpg
Image:Morph7.jpg
Image:Morph8.jpg
Image:Morph9.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt;

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details  =

&amp;nbsp;For details on [[[Http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping information and details|shipping and packing]]&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>947</id>
      <parentid>946</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-31T05:26:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6995">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg
Image:Handling2.jpg
Image:Handling3.jpg
Image:Handling4.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg
Image:DNA2.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery perrow=&quot;4&quot; widths=&quot;150px&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg
Image:Morph6.jpg
Image:Morph7.jpg
Image:Morph8.jpg
Image:Morph9.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt;

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details  =

[[ http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details|&amp;nbsp;For details on shipping ]]&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>948</id>
      <parentid>947</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-31T05:28:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Shipping information and details */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6964">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg
Image:Handling2.jpg
Image:Handling3.jpg
Image:Handling4.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg
Image:DNA2.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery perrow=&quot;4&quot; widths=&quot;150px&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg
Image:Morph6.jpg
Image:Morph7.jpg
Image:Morph8.jpg
Image:Morph9.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt;

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details  =

[[ http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details]]&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>949</id>
      <parentid>948</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-31T05:31:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Shipping information and details */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7029">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg
Image:Handling2.jpg
Image:Handling3.jpg
Image:Handling4.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg
Image:DNA2.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery perrow=&quot;4&quot; widths=&quot;150px&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg
Image:Morph6.jpg
Image:Morph7.jpg
Image:Morph8.jpg
Image:Morph9.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt;

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>977</id>
      <parentid>949</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-01T06:56:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp; */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7303">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg
Image:Handling2.jpg
Image:Handling3.jpg
Image:Handling4.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg
Image:DNA2.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt;

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>978</id>
      <parentid>977</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-01T07:01:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Procedure B  */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7630">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt;

= Photography =

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>982</id>
      <parentid>978</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T06:15:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Photography */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8211">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt;

= Photography =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts.  Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape.  Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification.  Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below.

''Photographing live medusae''

    * See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

 
''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species''

    * In preparation.  Please check back in a few weeks.

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>983</id>
      <parentid>982</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T06:16:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Photography */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8215">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt;

= Photography =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts.  Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape.  Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification.  Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below.

'''Photographing live medusae'''

    * See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

 
'''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''

    * In preparation.  Please check back in a few weeks.

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>984</id>
      <parentid>983</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T06:16:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8226">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts.  Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape.  Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification.  Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below.

'''Photographing live medusae'''

    * See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

 
'''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''

    * In preparation.  Please check back in a few weeks.
&lt;br&gt;


= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1176</id>
      <parentid>984</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:27:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8244">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts.  Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape.  Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification.  Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below.

'''Photographing live medusae'''

    * See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

 
'''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''

    * In preparation.  Please check back in a few weeks.
&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:All]]


= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1193</id>
      <parentid>1176</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:38:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>re-cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8246">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts.  Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape.  Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification.  Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below.

'''Photographing live medusae'''

* See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

 
'''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''

* In preparation.  Please check back in a few weeks.
&lt;br&gt;

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1238</id>
      <parentid>1193</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T18:41:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8388">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

'''Photographing live medusae''' 

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

&lt;br&gt; '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species''' 

*In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Materials:''' 

*Thank (Black Background) 
*RGB's&amp;nbsp; 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green)

&lt;br&gt; 

 ==
 ==

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1239</id>
      <parentid>1238</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T18:44:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8434">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

'''Photographing live medusae''' 

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

=== &lt;br&gt; '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''  ===

*In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Materials:''' 

*Thank (Black Background) 
*RGB's&amp;nbsp; 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1240</id>
      <parentid>1239</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T18:50:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8549">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

'''Photographing live medusae''' 

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

&lt;br&gt; '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species''' 

*In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Materials:''' 

*Thank (Black Background) 
*RGB's&amp;nbsp; 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*Cyaneidae

*Ulmaridae

*Pelagiidae

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*Cassiopeidae 
*Catostylidae 
*Cepheidae 
*Stomolophidae 
*Mastigiidae

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1242</id>
      <parentid>1240</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T18:55:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8612">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

'''Photographing live medusae''' 

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

&lt;br&gt; '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species''' 

*In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Materials:''' 

*Thank (Black Background) 
*RGB's&amp;nbsp; 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cyaneidae Cyaneidae]

*Ulmaridae

*Pelagiidae

&lt;br&gt;

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*Cassiopeidae 
*Catostylidae 
*Cepheidae 
*Stomolophidae 
*Mastigiidae

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1244</id>
      <parentid>1242</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T18:57:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8676">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

'''Photographing live medusae''' 

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

&lt;br&gt; '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species''' 

*In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Materials:''' 

*Thank (Black Background) 
*RGB's&amp;nbsp; 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cyaneidae Cyaneidae]

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Ulmaridae Ulmaridae]

*Pelagiidae

&lt;br&gt;

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*Cassiopeidae 
*Catostylidae 
*Cepheidae 
*Stomolophidae 
*Mastigiidae

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1246</id>
      <parentid>1244</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T18:59:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8741">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

'''Photographing live medusae''' 

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

&lt;br&gt; '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species''' 

*In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Materials:''' 

*Thank (Black Background) 
*RGB's&amp;nbsp; 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cyaneidae Cyaneidae]

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Ulmaridae Ulmaridae]

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Pelagiidae Pelagiidae]

&lt;br&gt;

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*Cassiopeidae 
*Catostylidae 
*Cepheidae 
*Stomolophidae 
*Mastigiidae

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1248</id>
      <parentid>1246</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T19:01:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8807">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

'''Photographing live medusae''' 

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

&lt;br&gt; '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species''' 

*In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Materials:''' 

*Thank (Black Background) 
*RGB's&amp;nbsp; 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cyaneidae Cyaneidae]

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Ulmaridae Ulmaridae]

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Pelagiidae Pelagiidae]

&lt;br&gt;

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cassiopeidae Cassiopeidae]
*Catostylidae 
*Cepheidae 
*Stomolophidae 
*Mastigiidae

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1250</id>
      <parentid>1248</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T19:03:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8874">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

'''Photographing live medusae''' 

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

&lt;br&gt; '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species''' 

*In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Materials:''' 

*Thank (Black Background) 
*RGB's&amp;nbsp; 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cyaneidae Cyaneidae]

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Ulmaridae Ulmaridae]

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Pelagiidae Pelagiidae]

&lt;br&gt;

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cassiopeidae Cassiopeidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Catostylidae Catostylidae]
*Cepheidae 
*Stomolophidae 
*Mastigiidae

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1252</id>
      <parentid>1250</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T19:04:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8938">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

'''Photographing live medusae''' 

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

&lt;br&gt; '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species''' 

*In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Materials:''' 

*Thank (Black Background) 
*RGB's&amp;nbsp; 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cyaneidae Cyaneidae]

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Ulmaridae Ulmaridae]

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Pelagiidae Pelagiidae]

&lt;br&gt;

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cassiopeidae Cassiopeidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Catostylidae Catostylidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cepheidae Cepheidae]
*Stomolophidae 
*Mastigiidae

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1254</id>
      <parentid>1252</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T19:06:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9006">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

'''Photographing live medusae''' 

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

&lt;br&gt; '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species''' 

*In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Materials:''' 

*Thank (Black Background) 
*RGB's&amp;nbsp; 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cyaneidae Cyaneidae]

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Ulmaridae Ulmaridae]

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Pelagiidae Pelagiidae]

&lt;br&gt;

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cassiopeidae Cassiopeidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Catostylidae Catostylidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cepheidae Cepheidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Stomolophidae Stomolophidae]
*Mastigiidae

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1256</id>
      <parentid>1254</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T19:07:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9073">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

'''Photographing live medusae''' 

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

&lt;br&gt; '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species''' 

*In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Materials:''' 

*Thank (Black Background) 
*RGB's&amp;nbsp; 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cyaneidae Cyaneidae]

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Ulmaridae Ulmaridae]

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Pelagiidae Pelagiidae]

&lt;br&gt;

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cassiopeidae Cassiopeidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Catostylidae Catostylidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cepheidae Cepheidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Stomolophidae Stomolophidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Mastigiidae Mastigiidae]

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1260</id>
      <parentid>1256</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T19:13:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9073">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

'''Photographing live medusae''' 

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

&lt;br&gt; '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species''' 

*In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Materials:''' 

*Tank (Black Background) 
*RGB's&amp;nbsp; 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cyaneidae Cyaneidae]

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Ulmaridae Ulmaridae]

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Pelagiidae Pelagiidae]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cassiopeidae Cassiopeidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Catostylidae Catostylidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cepheidae Cepheidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Stomolophidae Stomolophidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Mastigiidae Mastigiidae]

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1263</id>
      <parentid>1260</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T19:33:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9085">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

== '''Photographing live medusae'''  ==

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

== &lt;br&gt; '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''  ==

*In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Materials:''' 

*Tank (Black Background) 
*RGB's&amp;nbsp; 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cyaneidae Cyaneidae]

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Ulmaridae Ulmaridae]

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Pelagiidae Pelagiidae]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cassiopeidae Cassiopeidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Catostylidae Catostylidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cepheidae Cepheidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Stomolophidae Stomolophidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Mastigiidae Mastigiidae]

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1371</id>
      <parentid>1263</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-11T06:40:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/*  Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9086">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

== '''Photographing live medusae'''  ==

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

== &lt;br&gt; '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''  ==

*In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Materials:''' 

*Tank (Black Background) 
*RGB's&amp;nbsp; 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green)

&lt;br&gt; 


=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cyaneidae Cyaneidae]

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Ulmaridae Ulmaridae]

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Pelagiidae Pelagiidae]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cassiopeidae Cassiopeidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Catostylidae Catostylidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Cepheidae Cepheidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Stomolophidae Stomolophidae] 
*[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods/Mastigiidae Mastigiidae]

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1372</id>
      <parentid>1371</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-11T17:09:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/*  Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species */ removed extra line-breaks, spaces; links are internal, no need for long expression of external link</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8704">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

== '''Photographing live medusae'''  ==

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

== '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''  ==

In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.

===Materials===

* Tank (Black Background) 
* RGB's
* Calipers 
* Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green)

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

* [[Methods/Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]]
* [[Methods/Ulmaridae|Ulmaridae]]
* [[Methods/Pelagiidae|Pelagiidae]]

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

* [[Methods/Cassiopeidae|Cassiopeidae]] 
* [[Methods/Catostylidae|Catostylidae]]
* [[Methods/Cepheidae|Cepheidae]] 
* [[Methods/Stomolophidae|Stomolophidae]] 
* [[Methods/Mastigiidae|Mastigiidae]]

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1377</id>
      <parentid>1372</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-14T08:15:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8791">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

== '''Photographing live medusae'''  ==

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

== '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''  ==

In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Materials and Method&amp;nbsp;  ===

*Tank (Black Background) 
*RGB's 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Procedure&amp;nbsp;  ===

=== Morphological Matrix&amp;nbsp;  ===

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] 
*[[Methods/Ulmaridae|Ulmaridae]] 
*[[Methods/Pelagiidae|Pelagiidae]]

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cassiopeidae|Cassiopeidae]] 
*[[Methods/Catostylidae|Catostylidae]] 
*[[Methods/Cepheidae|Cepheidae]] 
*[[Methods/Stomolophidae|Stomolophidae]] 
*[[Methods/Mastigiidae|Mastigiidae]]

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1378</id>
      <parentid>1377</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-14T08:34:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9042">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

== '''Photographing live medusae'''  ==

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

== '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''  ==

In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Materials and Method&amp;nbsp;  ===

*Tank (Black Background) 
*RGB's 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green) 
*Forceps 
*Teasing Needles 
*Scale Toothpick 
*Hangers 
*Insulin Syringes&amp;nbsp; 
*Ruler 
*Measuring Tape&amp;nbsp; 
*Black Fabrics to use as Backgrounds&amp;nbsp; 
*Fluorescent Light Source&amp;nbsp; 
*Acrylic Table&amp;nbsp; 
*Photography Lighting Set&amp;nbsp;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Procedure&amp;nbsp;  ===

=== Morphological Matrix&amp;nbsp;  ===

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] 
*[[Methods/Ulmaridae|Ulmaridae]] 
*[[Methods/Pelagiidae|Pelagiidae]]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cassiopeidae|Cassiopeidae]] 
*[[Methods/Catostylidae|Catostylidae]] 
*[[Methods/Cepheidae|Cepheidae]] 
*[[Methods/Stomolophidae|Stomolophidae]] 
*[[Methods/Mastigiidae|Mastigiidae]]

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1380</id>
      <parentid>1378</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-14T08:47:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Materials and Method&amp;nbsp; */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9134">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

== '''Photographing live medusae'''  ==

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

== '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''  ==

In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Materials and Method&amp;nbsp;  ===
[[Image:Materials.jpg|thumb|right|The picture only shows some of the materials being use. ]]

*Tank (Black Background) 
*RGB's 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green) 
*Forceps 
*Teasing Needles 
*Scale Toothpick 
*Hangers 
*Insulin Syringes&amp;nbsp; 
*Ruler 
*Measuring Tape&amp;nbsp; 
*Black Fabrics to use as Backgrounds&amp;nbsp; 
*Fluorescent Light Source&amp;nbsp; 
*Acrylic Table&amp;nbsp; 
*Photography Lighting Set&amp;nbsp;

&lt;br&gt;

=== Procedure&amp;nbsp;  ===

=== Morphological Matrix&amp;nbsp;  ===

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] 
*[[Methods/Ulmaridae|Ulmaridae]] 
*[[Methods/Pelagiidae|Pelagiidae]]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cassiopeidae|Cassiopeidae]] 
*[[Methods/Catostylidae|Catostylidae]] 
*[[Methods/Cepheidae|Cepheidae]] 
*[[Methods/Stomolophidae|Stomolophidae]] 
*[[Methods/Mastigiidae|Mastigiidae]]

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1388</id>
      <parentid>1380</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-14T09:17:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Morphological Matrix&amp;nbsp; */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="13034">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

== '''Photographing live medusae'''  ==

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

== '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''  ==

In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Materials and Method&amp;nbsp;  ===
[[Image:Materials.jpg|thumb|right|The picture only shows some of the materials being use. ]]

*Tank (Black Background) 
*RGB's 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green) 
*Forceps 
*Teasing Needles 
*Scale Toothpick 
*Hangers 
*Insulin Syringes&amp;nbsp; 
*Ruler 
*Measuring Tape&amp;nbsp; 
*Black Fabrics to use as Backgrounds&amp;nbsp; 
*Fluorescent Light Source&amp;nbsp; 
*Acrylic Table&amp;nbsp; 
*Photography Lighting Set&amp;nbsp;

&lt;br&gt;

=== Procedure&amp;nbsp;  ===

=== Morphological Matrix&amp;nbsp;  ===

More Information

Species__________________		Date______________________	
Recorder_______________		Cat.No.______________________	
			
PIC No.	Description	No. pics	NOTES
Tank			
1	Label		
2	Lateral view whole animal Front		
3	Lateral view whole animal Front RGB		
4	Lateral view whole animal Side		
5	whole animal from top RGB		
6	Close-up Front/Right Quadrant -Front or side		
7	Close-up Bell Margin -Front or side		
8	Close-up of tentacle -Front or side		
9	Close-up of Oral arms - Front or side		
10	Close-up of Oral Arm Filaments		
11	Close-up of terminal clubs - Front or side		
12	Close-up of Mouthlets - Front		
13	Close-up of Scapulae - Front or side		
14	Close-up of Scapular Filaments		
15	Close-up of Scapular Filaments RGB		
	Lift up bell, drape oral arms to expose ends of manubrium		
16	Close-up of Manubrium/Mouth		
17	Oral side up from Top		
Table			
	Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out		
	Measure Bell Diameter ______________		
	Measure Bell thickness 1)____ 2)____ 3)____		
	Measure Oral Disk _________________		
18	Whole medusae - RGB with flash		
19	Whole medusaer - Bottom Illum/B Background		
20	Whole medusae - Bottom Illum/Full Trans		
	Move tentacles/oa from quadrant		
21	Close up of Quadrant - Bottom Illum/Full Trans		
22	Close-up of Quadrant - Bottom black		
23	Picture of center - Bottom Illum/B Background		
24	Picture of center - Bottom Illum/Full Trans		
25	Close-up of Velar Lappets - Bottom Illum/B Background		
26	Close-up of Velar Lappets - Bottom Illum/Full Trans		
27	Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets - Bottom Illum/B Background		
28	Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets - Bottom Illum/Full Trans		
29	Close-up of Rhopalium - Bottom Illum/B Background		
30	Close-up of Rhopalium - Bottom Illum/Full Trans		
31	Close-up of Coronal Muscles - Bottom Illum/B Background		
32	Close-up of Coronal Muscles - Bottom Illum/Full Trans		
33	Cloes-up of Radial Muscles - Bottom Illum/B Background		
34	Cloes-up of Radial Muscles - Bottom Illum/Full Trans		
35	Close-up of gonad - Bottom Illum/B Background		
36	Close-up of gonad - Bottom Illum/Full Trans		
Species__________________		Date______________________	
Recorder_______________		Cat.No.______________________	
			
PIC No.	Description	No. pics	NOTES
37	Close-up of canals 2 quads - Bottom Illum/Full Trans		
38	Close-up of canals 2 quads - Bottom Illum/B Blackground		
	Move oral arms to top in a group - reveal oral pillars		
39	Close-up of Oral Pillar - Bottom Illum/B Background		
40	Close-up of Oral Pillar - Bottom Illum/Full Trans		
	Measure depth of oral Pillar __________________________		
	Measure height of oral pillar__________________________		
	Measure the wide of oral pilar_________________________		
41	Close-up of Subumbrellar papillae - Bottom Illum/B Background		
42	Close-up of Subumbrellar papillae - Bottom Illum/Full Trans		
	Splay 1/2 of oral arms and terminal clubs out		
43	Close-up of oral arms/terminal clubs - Bottom Illum/B Background		
44	Close-up of oral arms/terminal clubs - Bottom Illum/Full Trans		
	Splay single oral arm out (winged portion esp.) - expose fenestrations		
45	Close-up of single oral arm - Bottom Illum/B Background		
46	Close-up of single oral arm - Bottom Illum/Full Trans		
	Splay out scapulae as with oral arm (above)		
47	Close up of scapula - Bottom Illum/B Background		
48	Close up of scapula - Bottom Illum/Full Trans		
	Pull up oral disk, take a look at subgenital porticus		
	Record?______________________________		
	Flip animal so exumbrella faces up		
49	Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant - Bottom Illum/B Background		
50	Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant - Bottom Illum/Full Trans		
51	Whole animal Exumbrella - Bottom Illum/B Background		
52	Whole animal Exumbrella - Bottom Illum/Full Trans		
	If dying canals possible - flip animal and dye canals		
53	Close-up of dyed canals 2 quads		
	Dissect Rhopalia - place in vial		
	Remove tentacle(s) - place in vial

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] 
*[[Methods/Ulmaridae|Ulmaridae]] 
*[[Methods/Pelagiidae|Pelagiidae]]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cassiopeidae|Cassiopeidae]] 
*[[Methods/Catostylidae|Catostylidae]] 
*[[Methods/Cepheidae|Cepheidae]] 
*[[Methods/Stomolophidae|Stomolophidae]] 
*[[Methods/Mastigiidae|Mastigiidae]]

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1389</id>
      <parentid>1388</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-14T09:20:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9159">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

== '''Photographing live medusae'''  ==

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

== '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''  ==

In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Materials and Method&amp;nbsp;  ===
[[Image:Materials.jpg|thumb|right|The picture only shows some of the materials being use. ]]

*Tank (Black Background) 
*RGB's 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green) 
*Forceps 
*Teasing Needles 
*Scale Toothpick 
*Hangers 
*Insulin Syringes&amp;nbsp; 
*Ruler 
*Measuring Tape&amp;nbsp; 
*Black Fabrics to use as Backgrounds&amp;nbsp; 
*Fluorescent Light Source&amp;nbsp; 
*Acrylic Table&amp;nbsp; 
*Photography Lighting Set&amp;nbsp;

&lt;br&gt;

=== Procedure&amp;nbsp;  ===

=== Morphological Matrix&amp;nbsp;  ===

More Information 

&lt;br&gt;

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] 
*[[Methods/Ulmaridae|Ulmaridae]] 
*[[Methods/Pelagiidae|Pelagiidae]]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cassiopeidae|Cassiopeidae]] 
*[[Methods/Catostylidae|Catostylidae]] 
*[[Methods/Cepheidae|Cepheidae]] 
*[[Methods/Stomolophidae|Stomolophidae]] 
*[[Methods/Mastigiidae|Mastigiidae]]

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1390</id>
      <parentid>1389</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-14T09:21:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9156">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

== '''Photographing live medusae'''  ==

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

== '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''  ==

In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Materials and Method&amp;nbsp;  ===
[[Image:Materials.jpg|thumb|right|The picture only shows some of the materials being use. ]]

*Tank (Black Background) 
*RGB's 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green) 
*Forceps 
*Teasing Needles 
*Scale Toothpick 
*Hangers 
*Insulin Syringes&amp;nbsp; 
*Ruler 
*Measuring Tape&amp;nbsp; 
*Black Fabrics to use as Backgrounds&amp;nbsp; 
*Fluorescent Light Source&amp;nbsp; 
*Acrylic Table&amp;nbsp; 
*Photography Lighting Set&amp;nbsp;

&lt;br&gt;

=== Procedure&amp;nbsp;  ===

=== Morphological Matrix&amp;nbsp;  ===

More Information&lt;br&gt;

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] 
*[[Methods/Ulmaridae|Ulmaridae]] 
*[[Methods/Pelagiidae|Pelagiidae]]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cassiopeidae|Cassiopeidae]] 
*[[Methods/Catostylidae|Catostylidae]] 
*[[Methods/Cepheidae|Cepheidae]] 
*[[Methods/Stomolophidae|Stomolophidae]] 
*[[Methods/Mastigiidae|Mastigiidae]]

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1392</id>
      <parentid>1390</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-14T09:32:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9223">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

== '''Photographing live medusae'''  ==

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

== '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''  ==

In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Materials and Method&amp;nbsp;  ===
[[Image:Materials.jpg|thumb|right|The picture only shows some of the materials being use. ]]

*Tank (Black Background) 
*RGB's 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green) 
*Forceps 
*Teasing Needles 
*Scale Toothpick 
*Hangers 
*Insulin Syringes&amp;nbsp; 
*Ruler 
*Measuring Tape&amp;nbsp; 
*Black Fabrics to use as Backgrounds&amp;nbsp; 
*Fluorescent Light Source&amp;nbsp; 
*Acrylic Table&amp;nbsp; 
*Photography Lighting Set&amp;nbsp;

&lt;br&gt;

=== Procedure&amp;nbsp;  ===

=== Morphological Matrix&amp;nbsp;  ===

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Morphological_Matrix More Information]&lt;br&gt;

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] 
*[[Methods/Ulmaridae|Ulmaridae]] 
*[[Methods/Pelagiidae|Pelagiidae]]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cassiopeidae|Cassiopeidae]] 
*[[Methods/Catostylidae|Catostylidae]] 
*[[Methods/Cepheidae|Cepheidae]] 
*[[Methods/Stomolophidae|Stomolophidae]] 
*[[Methods/Mastigiidae|Mastigiidae]]

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1921</id>
      <parentid>1392</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-09-01T04:45:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9225">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]

Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

== '''Photographing live medusae'''  ==

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

== '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''  ==

In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Materials and Method&amp;nbsp;  ===
[[Image:Materials.jpg|thumb|right|The picture only shows some of the materials being use. ]]

*Tank (Black Background) 
*RGB's 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green) 
*Forceps 
*Teasing Needles 
*Scale Toothpick 
*Hangers 
*Insulin Syringes&amp;nbsp; 
*Ruler 
*Measuring Tape&amp;nbsp; 
*Black Fabrics to use as Backgrounds&amp;nbsp; 
*Fluorescent Light Source&amp;nbsp; 
*Acrylic Table&amp;nbsp; 
*Photography Lighting Set&amp;nbsp;

&lt;br&gt;

=== Procedure&amp;nbsp;  ===

=== Morphological Matrix&amp;nbsp;  ===

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Morphological_Matrix More Information]&lt;br&gt;

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] 
*[[Methods/Ulmaridae|Ulmaridae]] 
*[[Methods/Pelagiidae|Pelagiidae]]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cassiopeidae|Cassiopeidae]] 
*[[Methods/Catostylidae|Catostylidae]] 
*[[Methods/Cepheidae|Cepheidae]] 
*[[Methods/Stomolophidae|Stomolophidae]] 
*[[Methods/Mastigiidae|Mastigiidae]]

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1922</id>
      <parentid>1921</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-09-01T04:45:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9226">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment&lt;br&gt;  ===

1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A &lt;br&gt;  ===

Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B &lt;br&gt;  ===

(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]]


=== Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

== '''Photographing live medusae'''  ==

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

== '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''  ==

In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Materials and Method&amp;nbsp;  ===
[[Image:Materials.jpg|thumb|right|The picture only shows some of the materials being use. ]]

*Tank (Black Background) 
*RGB's 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green) 
*Forceps 
*Teasing Needles 
*Scale Toothpick 
*Hangers 
*Insulin Syringes&amp;nbsp; 
*Ruler 
*Measuring Tape&amp;nbsp; 
*Black Fabrics to use as Backgrounds&amp;nbsp; 
*Fluorescent Light Source&amp;nbsp; 
*Acrylic Table&amp;nbsp; 
*Photography Lighting Set&amp;nbsp;

&lt;br&gt;

=== Procedure&amp;nbsp;  ===

=== Morphological Matrix&amp;nbsp;  ===

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Morphological_Matrix More Information]&lt;br&gt;

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] 
*[[Methods/Ulmaridae|Ulmaridae]] 
*[[Methods/Pelagiidae|Pelagiidae]]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cassiopeidae|Cassiopeidae]] 
*[[Methods/Catostylidae|Catostylidae]] 
*[[Methods/Cepheidae|Cepheidae]] 
*[[Methods/Stomolophidae|Stomolophidae]] 
*[[Methods/Mastigiidae|Mastigiidae]]

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1923</id>
      <parentid>1922</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-09-01T04:47:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9228">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment  ===

&lt;br&gt;1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A  ===

&lt;br&gt;Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B  ===

&lt;br&gt;(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]] &lt;br&gt;

=== Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

== '''Photographing live medusae'''  ==

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

== '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''  ==

In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Materials and Method&amp;nbsp;  ===
[[Image:Materials.jpg|thumb|right|The picture only shows some of the materials being use. ]]

*Tank (Black Background) 
*RGB's 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green) 
*Forceps 
*Teasing Needles 
*Scale Toothpick 
*Hangers 
*Insulin Syringes&amp;nbsp; 
*Ruler 
*Measuring Tape&amp;nbsp; 
*Black Fabrics to use as Backgrounds&amp;nbsp; 
*Fluorescent Light Source&amp;nbsp; 
*Acrylic Table&amp;nbsp; 
*Photography Lighting Set&amp;nbsp;

&lt;br&gt;

=== Procedure&amp;nbsp;  ===

=== Morphological Matrix&amp;nbsp;  ===

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Morphological_Matrix More Information]&lt;br&gt;

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] 
*[[Methods/Ulmaridae|Ulmaridae]] 
*[[Methods/Pelagiidae|Pelagiidae]]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cassiopeidae|Cassiopeidae]] 
*[[Methods/Catostylidae|Catostylidae]] 
*[[Methods/Cepheidae|Cepheidae]] 
*[[Methods/Stomolophidae|Stomolophidae]] 
*[[Methods/Mastigiidae|Mastigiidae]]

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1924</id>
      <parentid>1923</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-09-01T04:48:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9233">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment  ===

&lt;br&gt;1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A  ===

&lt;br&gt;Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B  ===

&lt;br&gt;(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

== '''Photographing live medusae'''  ==

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

== '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''  ==

In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Materials and Method&amp;nbsp;  ===
[[Image:Materials.jpg|thumb|right|The picture only shows some of the materials being use. ]]

*Tank (Black Background) 
*RGB's 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green) 
*Forceps 
*Teasing Needles 
*Scale Toothpick 
*Hangers 
*Insulin Syringes&amp;nbsp; 
*Ruler 
*Measuring Tape&amp;nbsp; 
*Black Fabrics to use as Backgrounds&amp;nbsp; 
*Fluorescent Light Source&amp;nbsp; 
*Acrylic Table&amp;nbsp; 
*Photography Lighting Set&amp;nbsp;

&lt;br&gt;

=== Procedure&amp;nbsp;  ===

=== Morphological Matrix&amp;nbsp;  ===

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Morphological_Matrix More Information]&lt;br&gt;

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] 
*[[Methods/Ulmaridae|Ulmaridae]] 
*[[Methods/Pelagiidae|Pelagiidae]]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cassiopeidae|Cassiopeidae]] 
*[[Methods/Catostylidae|Catostylidae]] 
*[[Methods/Cepheidae|Cepheidae]] 
*[[Methods/Stomolophidae|Stomolophidae]] 
*[[Methods/Mastigiidae|Mastigiidae]]

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1925</id>
      <parentid>1924</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-09-01T04:49:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9273">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment  ===

&lt;br&gt;1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A  ===

&lt;br&gt;Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B  ===

&lt;br&gt;(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

=== Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt; 

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

== '''Photographing live medusae'''  ==

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

== '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''  ==

In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Materials and Method&amp;nbsp;  ===
[[Image:Materials.jpg|thumb|right|The picture only shows some of the materials being use. ]]

*Tank (Black Background) 
*RGB's 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green) 
*Forceps 
*Teasing Needles 
*Scale Toothpick 
*Hangers 
*Insulin Syringes&amp;nbsp; 
*Ruler 
*Measuring Tape&amp;nbsp; 
*Black Fabrics to use as Backgrounds&amp;nbsp; 
*Fluorescent Light Source&amp;nbsp; 
*Acrylic Table&amp;nbsp; 
*Photography Lighting Set&amp;nbsp;

&lt;br&gt;

=== Procedure&amp;nbsp;  ===

=== Morphological Matrix&amp;nbsp;  ===

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Morphological_Matrix More Information]&lt;br&gt;

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] 
*[[Methods/Ulmaridae|Ulmaridae]] 
*[[Methods/Pelagiidae|Pelagiidae]]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cassiopeidae|Cassiopeidae]] 
*[[Methods/Catostylidae|Catostylidae]] 
*[[Methods/Cepheidae|Cepheidae]] 
*[[Methods/Stomolophidae|Stomolophidae]] 
*[[Methods/Mastigiidae|Mastigiidae]]

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1926</id>
      <parentid>1925</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-09-01T04:49:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Safety information */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9285">= Preservation of DNA  =

''(From: Dawson et al. 1998)'' 

=== Equipment  ===

&lt;br&gt;1. Sterile syringes, forceps, dissecting scissors, or razor blades&lt;br&gt;2. A way of cleaning the sampling tools if they are not disposable (e.g. flaming metal objects after dipping in ethanol, or a good rinse and wipe dry)&lt;br&gt;3. Vials containing 1-2 ml of preservative (DMSO+NaCl or ethanol [70% to 95%; &amp;gt;90% preferred]; will be provided upon request).&lt;br&gt;4. Chest of ice (in the field); ice, refrigerator, or freezer (at lab/home, separate from food).&lt;br&gt;5. Protective gloves (latex, rubber).&lt;br&gt;6. Waterproof paper.&lt;br&gt;7. Plastic bags and/or jars.&lt;br&gt;8. Plastic tray or container.

=== Procedure A  ===

&lt;br&gt;Sampling gut or gonad:&lt;br&gt;1. Collect medusae.&lt;br&gt;2. Starve the medusae for as long as possible.&lt;br&gt;3. Using a clean syringe, flush the guts with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace any debris from the guts.&lt;br&gt;4. Using the same syringe (or other tool), suck up (tear or cut) about 0.1-0.2 ml of gastric and/or gonadal tissues.&lt;br&gt;5. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water.)&lt;br&gt;6. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;7. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample. 

=== Procedure B  ===

&lt;br&gt;(quicker alternative) - sampling oral arms or bell margin:&lt;br&gt; 

1. Collect medusae, place it in a pail. Some scyphozoans are very fragile and so most care must be taken in handling them both before and after fixation to prevent damage. In general, this means keeping them suspended in liquid at all times and never handling them out of the water. Use a plastic tray or container to place the medusae.&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Handling1.jpg |Place the plastic bag below the specimen
Image:Handling2.jpg |Carefully catch the medusae with the plastic bag
Image:Handling3.jpg |Handle the jelly with  a plastic bag full of water
Image:Handling4.jpg |Place it in a plastic tray with sea water
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt;2. Flush the oral arms or bell margin with tapwater. Repeat several times to displace all debris.&lt;br&gt;3. Using clean forceps/scissors, cut a half-small-fingernail sized piece of tissue from the oral arm or bell margin. (It may be possible to do this simply by holding the tissue across an open vial of preservative and closing the lid.)&lt;br&gt;4. Preserve the tissue in one vial of preservative. (Make sure there is excess preservative; guard against diluting the preservative with too much water). 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:DNA1.jpg |With forceps hold a piece of oral arm and cut it with clean scissors or razor blades
Image:DNA2.jpg |Place the piece of tissue in a vial with 95% ethanol
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;5. Label the vial and put it on ice. Store on ice, in a freezer or refrigerator until the samples are shipped or analyzed (separate from food).&lt;br&gt;6. Clean tools and gloves, repeat for the next sample.

=== Notes  ===

DMSO+NaCl solution is 20% DMSO, 0.25M disodium-EDTA, and NaCl to saturation, pH 7.5 (Seutin et al. 1991); the pH of this solution must be &amp;gt;8 for the EDTA to dissolve, and warming promotes dissolution of NaCl. Sterilized by autoclaving prior to use. 

100% ethanol is diluted to 80% (or greater) using purified drinking water (tapwater generally will suffice). 

An important concern when sampling is to avoid contaminating the sample with tissues from other species (e.g. food) or with tissues from other individuals (see steps 2, 3, 7 in procedure A; steps 2, 3, 6 in procedure B). 

Both procedures A and B are designed to sample as much tissue and as little mesoglea (the 'jelly' of jellyfish) as possible. A third approach, not described above, is simply to preserve the whole animal, or a simple fraction thereof, if it has been cleared of potential contaminants and is small enough to fit easily into a vial with excess preservative (i.e. it is approximately &amp;lt;1 cm bell diameter). The figure below indicates the tissues best suited to sampling. The same methods also can be used to preserve coronate jellyfish and stauromedusae for DNA analyses.&lt;br&gt; 

[[Image:SampleTissues.jpg|border|left|Sample Tissues]] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
=== Safety information  ===

The chemicals in the DMSO+NaCl preservative are quite benign, being mostly water and table salt (see above). However, this information accompanies the two main chemicals.&lt;br&gt;1. DMSO (liquid, 20% of preservative by volume). &quot;Causes skin irritation. Causes digestive and respiratory irritation. May cause severe eye irritation and possibly injury. May be absorbed through the skin. For eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and get medical aid immediately. For skin contact, flush with water and get medical aid. If ingested, do not induce vomiting and get medical aid immediately. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical aid immediately.&quot;&lt;br&gt;2. EDTA (powder, @ 0.25M in preservative). &quot;May cause irritation. For eye contact, flush with water and get medical aid. For skin contact, get medical aid if irritation occurs or persists. If ingested, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water and get medical aid. If inhaled, get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.&quot; 

Ethanol is highly flammable. It should be kept away from naked flame and sources of heat at all times. It should not be transported except in small quantities packaged appropriately (check protocols for transporting hazardous substances). 

Jellyfish stings can be at best uncomfortable and at worst lethal. Jellyfish must be handled with the utmost care, and protective clothing and gloves worn at all times. If you have any doubts, do not touch them. Ask for expert advice. 

&lt;br&gt;

= DNA purification  =

= DNA amplification  =

= Preservation of Medusae&amp;nbsp;  =

Scyphozoans are typically preserved for morphological analyses in a solution of 4% formalin in seawater with the appropriate label (i.e. 4 parts formalin [37% w/v] and 96 parts seawater). Place the jellyfish in plastic container with a label (waterproof paper) and pour formalin until the organism is cover completely.[[Image:Morph1.jpg|thumb|center|Pour formalin until cover the medusae]] 

If you are using a plastic bag, place the organisms in a bag, fill it with formalin, twist the bag, and use a rubber band to wrap the plastic bag. When is tight enough, fold the tip of the plastic bag and with the last part of the rubber band secure the folded part of the bag. Excess 4% formalin solution is used, and it can be renewed after two weeks to ensure successful fixation. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Morph2.jpg | Place the organisms in a bag
Image:Morph3.jpg | Fill it with formalin
Image:Morph4.jpg | Twist the bag
Image:Morph5.jpg | Keep twisting the Bag
Image:Morph6.jpg | Hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph7.jpg | Make a loop with the rubber band and hold the twisted part of the bag
Image:Morph8.jpg | Wrap the twisted part with the rubber band
Image:Morph9.jpg | Fold the tip of the bag and tight it with the rubber band

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''&lt;br&gt;''' 

'''WARNING''' Formalin is highly toxic and should not be used without adequate protection, including overalls, gloves, and eye-glasses in a well ventilated space e.g. fume cupboard. Please consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

= Photography  =

Good photographs are essential in two contexts. Good photographs of live animals in the ocean or in aquaria provide information on natural colour and shape. Good photographs of particular parts of jellyfish are important in species identification. Links to sites providing information on both these aspects are below. 

== '''Photographing live medusae'''  ==

*See http://www.jellieszone.com/photography.htm Jellies Zone for tips on jelly photography.

== '''Photographing particular parts of jellyfish to identify species'''  ==

In preparation. Please check back in a few weeks.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Materials and Method&amp;nbsp;  ===
[[Image:Materials.jpg|thumb|right|The picture only shows some of the materials being use. ]]

*Tank (Black Background) 
*RGB's 
*Calipers 
*Food Die (Purple, Blue, or Dark Green) 
*Forceps 
*Teasing Needles 
*Scale Toothpick 
*Hangers 
*Insulin Syringes&amp;nbsp; 
*Ruler 
*Measuring Tape&amp;nbsp; 
*Black Fabrics to use as Backgrounds&amp;nbsp; 
*Fluorescent Light Source&amp;nbsp; 
*Acrylic Table&amp;nbsp; 
*Photography Lighting Set&amp;nbsp;

&lt;br&gt;

=== Procedure&amp;nbsp;  ===

=== Morphological Matrix&amp;nbsp;  ===

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Morphological_Matrix More Information]&lt;br&gt;

=== Semaeostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] 
*[[Methods/Ulmaridae|Ulmaridae]] 
*[[Methods/Pelagiidae|Pelagiidae]]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Rhizostomeae  ===

*[[Methods/Cassiopeidae|Cassiopeidae]] 
*[[Methods/Catostylidae|Catostylidae]] 
*[[Methods/Cepheidae|Cepheidae]] 
*[[Methods/Stomolophidae|Stomolophidae]] 
*[[Methods/Mastigiidae|Mastigiidae]]

= Shipping information and details  =

[http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Shipping_information_and_details &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;For details on shipping&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Methods/Cassiopeidae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>310</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1247</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T19:00:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &amp;nbsp;- Work in Progress.&amp;nbsp;</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="31">&amp;nbsp;- Work in Progress.&amp;nbsp;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Methods/Catostylidae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>311</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1249</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T19:02:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &amp;nbsp;- Work in progress.&amp;nbsp;</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="31">&amp;nbsp;- Work in progress.&amp;nbsp;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Methods/Cepheidae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>312</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1251</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T19:04:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &amp;nbsp;- Work in Progress.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="25">&amp;nbsp;- Work in Progress.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Methods/Cyaneidae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>307</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1241</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T18:54:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &amp;nbsp;- work in progress.&amp;nbsp;</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="31">&amp;nbsp;- work in progress.&amp;nbsp;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1257</id>
      <parentid>1241</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T19:09:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="40">= Cyaneidae =

== ''Cyanea Sp''&amp;nbsp; ==</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1258</id>
      <parentid>1257</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T19:11:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="45">= Cyaneidae  =

'''''Cyanea Sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

*</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1259</id>
      <parentid>1258</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T19:12:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="83">= Cyaneidae  =

'''''Cyanea Sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

*Tank (Place jellyfish in a tank)&amp;nbsp;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1261</id>
      <parentid>1259</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T19:28:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="772">= Cyaneidae  =

'''''Cyanea Sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

'''Tank'''
1. Place jellyfish in a tank.

- Pictures (1-8)

2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium.

-Pictures (9)

'''Table'''&amp;nbsp;

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out.

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp;

#_______
#_______
#_______

- Pictures (10-11)

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant.

- Pictures (12-25)

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars)

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________

- Pictures (26-28)

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up.

- Pictures (30-31)

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1262</id>
      <parentid>1261</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T19:31:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="794">= Cyaneidae  =

'''''Cyanea Sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

'''Tank''' 

1. Place jellyfish in a tank. 

- Pictures (1-8) 

2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium. 

-Pictures (9) 

'''Table'''&amp;nbsp; 

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out. 

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________ 

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp; 

#_______ 
#_______ 
#_______

- Pictures (10-11) 

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant. 

- Pictures (12-25) 

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars) 

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Pictures (26-28) 

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up. 

- Pictures (30-31) 

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1320</id>
      <parentid>1262</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T06:06:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="846">= Cyaneidae  =

'''''Cyanea Sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

'''Tank''' 

1. Place jellyfish in a tank. 

- Pictures (1-8) 

2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium. 

-Pictures (9) 

'''Table'''&amp;nbsp; 

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out. 

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________ 

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp; 

#_______ 
#_______ 
#_______

- Pictures (10-11) 

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant. 

- Pictures (12-25) 

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars) 

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Pictures (26-28) 

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up. 

- Pictures (30-31) 

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]
[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1322</id>
      <parentid>1320</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T06:07:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+sorting key</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="848">= Cyaneidae  =

'''''Cyanea Sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

'''Tank''' 

1. Place jellyfish in a tank. 

- Pictures (1-8) 

2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium. 

-Pictures (9) 

'''Table'''&amp;nbsp; 

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out. 

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________ 

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp; 

#_______ 
#_______ 
#_______

- Pictures (10-11) 

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant. 

- Pictures (12-25) 

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars) 

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Pictures (26-28) 

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up. 

- Pictures (30-31) 

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________

[[Category:Cyaneidae| ]]
[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1325</id>
      <parentid>1322</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T06:52:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1090">= Cyaneidae  =

'''''Cyanea Sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

'''Tank''' 

1. Place jellyfish in a tank. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-1.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front)
Image:Cyanea_sp-2.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-3.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-4.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-5.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-6.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-7.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-8.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt;
2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium. 

-Pictures (9) 

'''Table'''&amp;nbsp; 

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out. 

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________ 

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp; 

#_______ 
#_______ 
#_______

- Pictures (10-11) 

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant. 

- Pictures (12-25) 

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars) 

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Pictures (26-28) 

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up. 

- Pictures (30-31) 

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________

[[Category:Cyaneidae| ]]
[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1326</id>
      <parentid>1325</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T07:08:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1749">= Cyaneidae  =

'''''Cyanea Sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

'''Tank''' 

1. Place jellyfish in a tank. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-1.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front)
Image:Cyanea_sp-2.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-3.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-4.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-5.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-6.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-7.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-8.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt;
2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; &gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-9.jpg 

&lt;/gallery&gt;

'''Table'''&amp;nbsp; 

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out. 

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________ 

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp; 

#_______ 
#_______ 
#_______

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-10.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-11.jpg


&lt;/gallery&gt;

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-12.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-13.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-14.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-15.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-16.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-17.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-18.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-19.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-20.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-21.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-22.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-23.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-24.jpg |

&lt;/gallery&gt;

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars) 

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________ 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-26.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-28.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-27.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-29.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-30.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-31.jpg


&lt;/gallery&gt;

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________

[[Category:Cyaneidae| ]]
[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1327</id>
      <parentid>1326</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T07:31:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1750">= Cyaneidae  =

'''''Cyanea Sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

'''Tank''' 

1. Place jellyfish in a tank. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-1.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front)
Image:Cyanea_sp-2.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-3.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-4.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-5.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-6.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-7.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-8.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt;
2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; &gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-9.jpg 

&lt;/gallery&gt;

'''Table'''&amp;nbsp; 

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out. 

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________ 

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp; 

#_______ 
#_______ 
#_______

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-10.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-11.jpg


&lt;/gallery&gt;

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-12.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-13.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-14.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-15.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-16.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-17.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-18.jpg  
Image:Cyanea_sp-19.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-20.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-21.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-22.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-23.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-24.jpg 

&lt;/gallery&gt;

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars) 

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________ 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-26.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-28.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-27.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-29.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-30.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-31.jpg


&lt;/gallery&gt;

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________

[[Category:Cyaneidae| ]]
[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1328</id>
      <parentid>1327</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T07:35:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>p</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1784">= Cyaneidae  =

!!!!!!!Work in progress!!!!!!!

 
'''''Cyanea Sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

'''Tank''' 

1. Place jellyfish in a tank. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-1.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front)
Image:Cyanea_sp-2.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-3.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-4.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-5.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-6.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-7.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-8.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt;
2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; &gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-9.jpg 

&lt;/gallery&gt;

'''Table'''&amp;nbsp; 

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out. 

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________ 

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp; 

#_______ 
#_______ 
#_______

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-10.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-11.jpg


&lt;/gallery&gt;

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-12.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-13.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-14.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-15.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-16.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-17.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-18.jpg  
Image:Cyanea_sp-19.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-20.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-21.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-22.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-23.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-24.jpg 

&lt;/gallery&gt;

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars) 

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________ 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-26.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-28.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-27.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-29.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-30.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-31.jpg


&lt;/gallery&gt;

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________

[[Category:Cyaneidae| ]]
[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1337</id>
      <parentid>1328</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:17:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2044">= Cyaneidae  =

!!!!!!!Work in progress!!!!!!!

 
'''''Cyanea Sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

'''Tank''' 

1. Place jellyfish in a tank. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-1.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front)
Image:Cyanea_sp-2.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front RGB)
Image:Cyanea_sp-3.jpg | Whole animal from top.
Image:Cyanea_sp-4.jpg | Close-up Front/Right Quadrant-Front or side.
Image:Cyanea_sp-5.jpg | Close-up Bell Margin (Front or Side).  
Image:Cyanea_sp-6.jpg | Close-up of tentacle (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-7.jpg | Close-up of Oral arms (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-8.jpg | Oral side up from top.

&lt;/gallery&gt;
2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; &gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-9.jpg 

&lt;/gallery&gt;

'''Table'''&amp;nbsp; 

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out. 

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________ 

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp; 

#_______ 
#_______ 
#_______

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-10.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-11.jpg


&lt;/gallery&gt;

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-12.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-13.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-14.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-15.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-16.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-17.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-18.jpg  
Image:Cyanea_sp-19.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-20.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-21.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-22.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-23.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-24.jpg 

&lt;/gallery&gt;

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars) 

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________ 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-26.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-28.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-27.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-29.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-30.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-31.jpg


&lt;/gallery&gt;

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________

[[Category:Cyaneidae| ]]
[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1338</id>
      <parentid>1337</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:17:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2046">= Cyaneidae  =

!!!!!!!Work in progress!!!!!!!

 
'''''Cyanea Sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

'''Tank''' 

1. Place jellyfish in a tank. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-1.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front).
Image:Cyanea_sp-2.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front RGB).
Image:Cyanea_sp-3.jpg | Whole animal from top.
Image:Cyanea_sp-4.jpg | Close-up Front/Right Quadrant-Front or side.
Image:Cyanea_sp-5.jpg | Close-up Bell Margin (Front or Side).  
Image:Cyanea_sp-6.jpg | Close-up of tentacle (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-7.jpg | Close-up of Oral arms (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-8.jpg | Oral side up from top.

&lt;/gallery&gt;
2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; &gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-9.jpg 

&lt;/gallery&gt;

'''Table'''&amp;nbsp; 

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out. 

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________ 

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp; 

#_______ 
#_______ 
#_______

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-10.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-11.jpg


&lt;/gallery&gt;

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-12.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-13.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-14.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-15.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-16.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-17.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-18.jpg  
Image:Cyanea_sp-19.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-20.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-21.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-22.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-23.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-24.jpg 

&lt;/gallery&gt;

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars) 

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________ 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-26.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-28.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-27.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-29.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-30.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-31.jpg


&lt;/gallery&gt;

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________

[[Category:Cyaneidae| ]]
[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1345</id>
      <parentid>1338</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:24:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2251">= Cyaneidae  =

!!!!!!!Work in progress!!!!!!!

 
'''''Cyanea Sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

'''Tank''' 

1. Place jellyfish in a tank. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-1.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front).
Image:Cyanea_sp-2.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front RGB).
Image:Cyanea_sp-3.jpg | Whole animal from top.
Image:Cyanea_sp-4.jpg | Close-up Front/Right Quadrant-Front or side.
Image:Cyanea_sp-5.jpg | Close-up Bell Margin (Front or Side).  
Image:Cyanea_sp-6.jpg | Close-up of tentacle (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-7.jpg | Close-up of Oral arms (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-8.jpg | Oral side up from top.

&lt;/gallery&gt;
2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; &gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-9.jpg | Close-up of Manubrium / Mouth.

&lt;/gallery&gt;

'''Table'''&amp;nbsp; 

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out. 

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________ 

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp; 

#_______ 
#_______ 
#_______

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-10.jpg | Whole medusa (RGB with flash).
Image:Cyanea_sp-11.jpg | Whole medusa (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.


&lt;/gallery&gt;

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-12.jpg | Close-up of Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.
Image:Cyanea_sp-13.jpg | Picture of center (Bottom Illum/ B. Background.
Image:Cyanea_sp-14.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-15.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-16.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-17.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-18.jpg  
Image:Cyanea_sp-19.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-20.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-21.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-22.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-23.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-24.jpg 

&lt;/gallery&gt;

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars) 

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________ 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-26.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-28.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-27.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-29.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-30.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-31.jpg


&lt;/gallery&gt;

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________

[[Category:Cyaneidae| ]]
[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1360</id>
      <parentid>1345</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:45:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3001">= Cyaneidae  =

!!!!!!!Work in progress!!!!!!!

 
'''''Cyanea Sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

'''Tank''' 

1. Place jellyfish in a tank. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-1.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front).
Image:Cyanea_sp-2.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front RGB).
Image:Cyanea_sp-3.jpg | Whole animal from top.
Image:Cyanea_sp-4.jpg | Close-up Front/Right Quadrant-Front or side.
Image:Cyanea_sp-5.jpg | Close-up Bell Margin (Front or Side).  
Image:Cyanea_sp-6.jpg | Close-up of tentacle (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-7.jpg | Close-up of Oral arms (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-8.jpg | Oral side up from top.

&lt;/gallery&gt;
2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; &gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-9.jpg | Close-up of Manubrium / Mouth.

&lt;/gallery&gt;

'''Table'''&amp;nbsp; 

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out. 

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________ 

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp; 

#_______ 
#_______ 
#_______

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-10.jpg | Whole medusa (RGB with flash).
Image:Cyanea_sp-11.jpg | Whole medusa (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.


&lt;/gallery&gt;

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-12.jpg | Close-up of Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.
Image:Cyanea_sp-13.jpg | Picture of center (Bottom Illum/ B. Background.
Image:Cyanea_sp-14.jpg | Close-up of Velar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).
Image:Cyanea_sp-15.jpg | Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-16.jpg | Close-up Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-17.jpg | Close-up of Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).) 
Image:Cyanea_sp-18.jpg | Close-up of Coronal muscles (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1.
Image:Cyanea_sp-19.jpg | Close-up of Coronal Muscles (Bottom illum/ Full trans) Picture 2. 
Image:Cyanea_sp-20.jpg | Close-up of Radial Muscles (Bottom Illum/ B background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-21.jpg | Close-up of gonad (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-22.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1. 
Image:Cyanea_sp-23.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 2.
Image:Cyanea_sp-24.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 3.
Image:Cyanea_sp-25.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

&lt;/gallery&gt;

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars) 

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________ 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-26.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-28.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-27.jpg
Image:Cyanea_sp-29.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-30.jpg 
Image:Cyanea_sp-31.jpg


&lt;/gallery&gt;

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________

[[Category:Cyaneidae| ]]
[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1366</id>
      <parentid>1360</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:55:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3378">= Cyaneidae  =

!!!!!!!Work in progress!!!!!!!

 
'''''Cyanea Sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

'''Tank''' 

1. Place jellyfish in a tank. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-1.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front).
Image:Cyanea_sp-2.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front RGB).
Image:Cyanea_sp-3.jpg | Whole animal from top.
Image:Cyanea_sp-4.jpg | Close-up Front/Right Quadrant-Front or side.
Image:Cyanea_sp-5.jpg | Close-up Bell Margin (Front or Side).  
Image:Cyanea_sp-6.jpg | Close-up of tentacle (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-7.jpg | Close-up of Oral arms (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-8.jpg | Oral side up from top.

&lt;/gallery&gt;
2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; &gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-9.jpg | Close-up of Manubrium / Mouth.

&lt;/gallery&gt;

'''Table'''&amp;nbsp; 

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out. 

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________ 

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp; 

#_______ 
#_______ 
#_______

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-10.jpg | Whole medusa (RGB with flash).
Image:Cyanea_sp-11.jpg | Whole medusa (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.


&lt;/gallery&gt;

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-12.jpg | Close-up of Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.
Image:Cyanea_sp-13.jpg | Picture of center (Bottom Illum/ B. Background.
Image:Cyanea_sp-14.jpg | Close-up of Velar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).
Image:Cyanea_sp-15.jpg | Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-16.jpg | Close-up Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-17.jpg | Close-up of Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).) 
Image:Cyanea_sp-18.jpg | Close-up of Coronal muscles (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1.
Image:Cyanea_sp-19.jpg | Close-up of Coronal Muscles (Bottom illum/ Full trans) Picture 2. 
Image:Cyanea_sp-20.jpg | Close-up of Radial Muscles (Bottom Illum/ B background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-21.jpg | Close-up of gonad (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-22.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1. 
Image:Cyanea_sp-23.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 2.
Image:Cyanea_sp-24.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 3.
Image:Cyanea_sp-25.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

&lt;/gallery&gt;

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars) 

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________ 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-26.jpg | Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-28.jpg |  Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).
Image:Cyanea_sp-27.jpg | Close-up of a single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-29.jpg | Close-up of single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up. 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-30.jpg | Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-31.jpg | Whole animal Exumbrella (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

&lt;/gallery&gt;

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________

[[Category:Cyaneidae| ]]
[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1367</id>
      <parentid>1366</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:58:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3448">= Cyaneidae&lt;br&gt;  =

&lt;br&gt; '''''Cyanea Sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

'''Tank''' 

1. Place jellyfish in a tank. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-1.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front).
Image:Cyanea_sp-2.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front RGB).
Image:Cyanea_sp-3.jpg | Whole animal from top.
Image:Cyanea_sp-4.jpg | Close-up Front/Right Quadrant-Front or side.
Image:Cyanea_sp-5.jpg | Close-up Bell Margin (Front or Side).  
Image:Cyanea_sp-6.jpg | Close-up of tentacle (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-7.jpg | Close-up of Oral arms (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-8.jpg | Oral side up from top.

&lt;/gallery&gt; 



2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-9.jpg | Close-up of Manubrium / Mouth.

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Table'''&amp;nbsp; 

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out. 

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________ 

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp; 

#_______ 
#_______ 
#_______

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-10.jpg | Whole medusa (RGB with flash).
Image:Cyanea_sp-11.jpg | Whole medusa (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.


&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-12.jpg | Close-up of Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.
Image:Cyanea_sp-13.jpg | Picture of center (Bottom Illum/ B. Background.
Image:Cyanea_sp-14.jpg | Close-up of Velar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).
Image:Cyanea_sp-15.jpg | Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-16.jpg | Close-up Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-17.jpg | Close-up of Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).) 
Image:Cyanea_sp-18.jpg | Close-up of Coronal muscles (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1.
Image:Cyanea_sp-19.jpg | Close-up of Coronal Muscles (Bottom illum/ Full trans) Picture 2. 
Image:Cyanea_sp-20.jpg | Close-up of Radial Muscles (Bottom Illum/ B background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-21.jpg | Close-up of gonad (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-22.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1. 
Image:Cyanea_sp-23.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 2.
Image:Cyanea_sp-24.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 3.
Image:Cyanea_sp-25.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars) 

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________ 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-26.jpg | Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-28.jpg |  Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).
Image:Cyanea_sp-27.jpg | Close-up of a single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-29.jpg | Close-up of single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-30.jpg | Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-31.jpg | Whole animal Exumbrella (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________ 

[[Category:Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] 

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1368</id>
      <parentid>1367</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T09:05:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3463">= Cyaneidae&lt;br&gt;  =

&lt;br&gt; '''''Cyanea Sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

== '''Tank'''  ==

1. Place jellyfish in a tank. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-1.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front).
Image:Cyanea_sp-2.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front RGB).
Image:Cyanea_sp-3.jpg | Whole animal from top.
Image:Cyanea_sp-4.jpg | Close-up Front/Right Quadrant-Front or side.
Image:Cyanea_sp-5.jpg | Close-up Bell Margin (Front or Side).  
Image:Cyanea_sp-6.jpg | Close-up of tentacle (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-7.jpg | Close-up of Oral arms (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-8.jpg | Oral side up from top.

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-9.jpg | Close-up of Manubrium / Mouth.

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== '''Table'''&amp;nbsp;  ==

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out. 

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________ 

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp; 

#_______ 
#_______ 
#_______

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-10.jpg | Whole medusa (RGB with flash).
Image:Cyanea_sp-11.jpg | Whole medusa (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.


&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-12.jpg | Close-up of Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.
Image:Cyanea_sp-13.jpg | Picture of center (Bottom Illum/ B. Background.
Image:Cyanea_sp-14.jpg | Close-up of Velar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).
Image:Cyanea_sp-15.jpg | Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-16.jpg | Close-up Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-17.jpg | Close-up of Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).) 
Image:Cyanea_sp-18.jpg | Close-up of Coronal muscles (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1.
Image:Cyanea_sp-19.jpg | Close-up of Coronal Muscles (Bottom illum/ Full trans) Picture 2. 
Image:Cyanea_sp-20.jpg | Close-up of Radial Muscles (Bottom Illum/ B background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-21.jpg | Close-up of gonad (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-22.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1. 
Image:Cyanea_sp-23.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 2.
Image:Cyanea_sp-24.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 3.
Image:Cyanea_sp-25.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars) 

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________ 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-26.jpg | Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-28.jpg |  Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).
Image:Cyanea_sp-27.jpg | Close-up of a single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-29.jpg | Close-up of single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-30.jpg | Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-31.jpg | Whole animal Exumbrella (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________ 

[[Category:Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] [[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1369</id>
      <parentid>1368</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-10T17:41:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Cyaneidae */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3463">= Cyaneidae&lt;br&gt;  =

&lt;br&gt; '''''Cyanea sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

== '''Tank'''  ==

1. Place jellyfish in a tank. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-1.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front).
Image:Cyanea_sp-2.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front RGB).
Image:Cyanea_sp-3.jpg | Whole animal from top.
Image:Cyanea_sp-4.jpg | Close-up Front/Right Quadrant-Front or side.
Image:Cyanea_sp-5.jpg | Close-up Bell Margin (Front or Side).  
Image:Cyanea_sp-6.jpg | Close-up of tentacle (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-7.jpg | Close-up of Oral arms (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-8.jpg | Oral side up from top.

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-9.jpg | Close-up of Manubrium / Mouth.

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

== '''Table'''&amp;nbsp;  ==

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out. 

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________ 

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp; 

#_______ 
#_______ 
#_______

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-10.jpg | Whole medusa (RGB with flash).
Image:Cyanea_sp-11.jpg | Whole medusa (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.


&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-12.jpg | Close-up of Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.
Image:Cyanea_sp-13.jpg | Picture of center (Bottom Illum/ B. Background.
Image:Cyanea_sp-14.jpg | Close-up of Velar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).
Image:Cyanea_sp-15.jpg | Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-16.jpg | Close-up Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-17.jpg | Close-up of Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).) 
Image:Cyanea_sp-18.jpg | Close-up of Coronal muscles (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1.
Image:Cyanea_sp-19.jpg | Close-up of Coronal Muscles (Bottom illum/ Full trans) Picture 2. 
Image:Cyanea_sp-20.jpg | Close-up of Radial Muscles (Bottom Illum/ B background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-21.jpg | Close-up of gonad (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-22.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1. 
Image:Cyanea_sp-23.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 2.
Image:Cyanea_sp-24.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 3.
Image:Cyanea_sp-25.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars) 

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________ 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-26.jpg | Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-28.jpg |  Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).
Image:Cyanea_sp-27.jpg | Close-up of a single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-29.jpg | Close-up of single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-30.jpg | Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-31.jpg | Whole animal Exumbrella (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________ 

[[Category:Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] [[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1370</id>
      <parentid>1369</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-11T06:36:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tank */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3462">= Cyaneidae&lt;br&gt;  =

&lt;br&gt; '''''Cyanea sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

== '''Tank'''  ==

1. Place jellyfish in a tank. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-1.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front).
Image:Cyanea_sp-2.jpg | Lateral view whole animal (Front RGB).
Image:Cyanea_sp-3.jpg | Whole animal from top.
Image:Cyanea_sp-4.jpg | Close-up Front/Right Quadrant-Front or side.
Image:Cyanea_sp-5.jpg | Close-up Bell Margin (Front or Side).  
Image:Cyanea_sp-6.jpg | Close-up of tentacle (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-7.jpg | Close-up of Oral arms (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-8.jpg | Oral side up from top.

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-9.jpg | Close-up of Manubrium / Mouth.

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;

== '''Table'''&amp;nbsp;  ==

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out. 

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________ 

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp; 

#_______ 
#_______ 
#_______

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-10.jpg | Whole medusa (RGB with flash).
Image:Cyanea_sp-11.jpg | Whole medusa (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.


&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-12.jpg | Close-up of Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.
Image:Cyanea_sp-13.jpg | Picture of center (Bottom Illum/ B. Background.
Image:Cyanea_sp-14.jpg | Close-up of Velar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).
Image:Cyanea_sp-15.jpg | Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-16.jpg | Close-up Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-17.jpg | Close-up of Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).) 
Image:Cyanea_sp-18.jpg | Close-up of Coronal muscles (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1.
Image:Cyanea_sp-19.jpg | Close-up of Coronal Muscles (Bottom illum/ Full trans) Picture 2. 
Image:Cyanea_sp-20.jpg | Close-up of Radial Muscles (Bottom Illum/ B background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-21.jpg | Close-up of gonad (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-22.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1. 
Image:Cyanea_sp-23.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 2.
Image:Cyanea_sp-24.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 3.
Image:Cyanea_sp-25.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars) 

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________ 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-26.jpg | Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-28.jpg |  Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).
Image:Cyanea_sp-27.jpg | Close-up of a single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-29.jpg | Close-up of single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-30.jpg | Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-31.jpg | Whole animal Exumbrella (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________ 

[[Category:Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] [[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1376</id>
      <parentid>1370</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-11T19:28:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Tank */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3478">= Cyaneidae&lt;br&gt;  =

&lt;br&gt; '''''Cyanea sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

== '''Tank'''  ==

1. Place jellyfish in a tank. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-1.jpg | Pic. 1. Lateral view whole animal (Front).
Image:Cyanea_sp-2.jpg | Pic. 2. Lateral view whole animal (Front RGB).
Image:Cyanea_sp-3.jpg | Whole animal from top.
Image:Cyanea_sp-4.jpg | Close-up Front/Right Quadrant-Front or side.
Image:Cyanea_sp-5.jpg | Close-up Bell Margin (Front or Side).  
Image:Cyanea_sp-6.jpg | Close-up of tentacle (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-7.jpg | Close-up of Oral arms (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-8.jpg | Oral side up from top.

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-9.jpg | Close-up of Manubrium / Mouth.

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;

== '''Table'''&amp;nbsp;  ==

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out. 

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________ 

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp; 

#_______ 
#_______ 
#_______

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-10.jpg | Whole medusa (RGB with flash).
Image:Cyanea_sp-11.jpg | Whole medusa (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.


&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-12.jpg | Close-up of Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.
Image:Cyanea_sp-13.jpg | Picture of center (Bottom Illum/ B. Background.
Image:Cyanea_sp-14.jpg | Close-up of Velar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).
Image:Cyanea_sp-15.jpg | Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-16.jpg | Close-up Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-17.jpg | Close-up of Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).) 
Image:Cyanea_sp-18.jpg | Close-up of Coronal muscles (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1.
Image:Cyanea_sp-19.jpg | Close-up of Coronal Muscles (Bottom illum/ Full trans) Picture 2. 
Image:Cyanea_sp-20.jpg | Close-up of Radial Muscles (Bottom Illum/ B background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-21.jpg | Close-up of gonad (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-22.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1. 
Image:Cyanea_sp-23.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 2.
Image:Cyanea_sp-24.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 3.
Image:Cyanea_sp-25.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars) 

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________ 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-26.jpg | Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-28.jpg |  Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).
Image:Cyanea_sp-27.jpg | Close-up of a single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-29.jpg | Close-up of single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-30.jpg | Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-31.jpg | Whole animal Exumbrella (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________ 

[[Category:Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] [[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1381</id>
      <parentid>1376</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-14T08:50:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tank */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3534">= Cyaneidae&lt;br&gt;  =

&lt;br&gt; '''''Cyanea sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

== '''Tank'''  ==

1. Place jellyfish in a tank. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-1.jpg | Pic. 1. Lateral view whole animal (Front).
Image:Cyanea_sp-2.jpg | Pic. 2. Lateral view whole animal (Front RGB).
Image:Cyanea_sp-3.jpg | Pic. 3. Whole animal from top.
Image:Cyanea_sp-4.jpg | Pic. 4. Close-up Front/Right Quadrant-Front or side.
Image:Cyanea_sp-5.jpg | Pic. 5. Close-up Bell Margin (Front or Side).  
Image:Cyanea_sp-6.jpg | Pic. 6. Close-up of tentacle (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-7.jpg | Pic. 7. Close-up of Oral arms (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-8.jpg | Pic. 8. Oral side up from top.

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot;&gt; 
Image:Pic. 9. Cyanea_sp-9.jpg | Close-up of Manubrium / Mouth.

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;

== '''Table'''&amp;nbsp;  ==

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out. 

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________ 

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp; 

#_______ 
#_______ 
#_______

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-10.jpg | Whole medusa (RGB with flash).
Image:Cyanea_sp-11.jpg | Whole medusa (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.


&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-12.jpg | Close-up of Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.
Image:Cyanea_sp-13.jpg | Picture of center (Bottom Illum/ B. Background.
Image:Cyanea_sp-14.jpg | Close-up of Velar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).
Image:Cyanea_sp-15.jpg | Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-16.jpg | Close-up Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-17.jpg | Close-up of Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).) 
Image:Cyanea_sp-18.jpg | Close-up of Coronal muscles (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1.
Image:Cyanea_sp-19.jpg | Close-up of Coronal Muscles (Bottom illum/ Full trans) Picture 2. 
Image:Cyanea_sp-20.jpg | Close-up of Radial Muscles (Bottom Illum/ B background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-21.jpg | Close-up of gonad (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-22.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1. 
Image:Cyanea_sp-23.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 2.
Image:Cyanea_sp-24.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 3.
Image:Cyanea_sp-25.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars) 

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________ 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-26.jpg | Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-28.jpg |  Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).
Image:Cyanea_sp-27.jpg | Close-up of a single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-29.jpg | Close-up of single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-30.jpg | Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-31.jpg | Whole animal Exumbrella (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________ 

[[Category:Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] [[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1382</id>
      <parentid>1381</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-14T08:51:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tank */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3535">= Cyaneidae&lt;br&gt;  =

&lt;br&gt; '''''Cyanea sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

== '''Tank'''  ==

1. Place jellyfish in a tank. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-1.jpg | Pic. 1. Lateral view whole animal (Front).
Image:Cyanea_sp-2.jpg | Pic. 2. Lateral view whole animal (Front RGB).
Image:Cyanea_sp-3.jpg | Pic. 3. Whole animal from top.
Image:Cyanea_sp-4.jpg | Pic. 4. Close-up Front/Right Quadrant-Front or side.
Image:Cyanea_sp-5.jpg | Pic. 5. Close-up Bell Margin (Front or Side).  
Image:Cyanea_sp-6.jpg | Pic. 6. Close-up of tentacle (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-7.jpg | Pic. 7. Close-up of Oral arms (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-8.jpg | Pic. 8. Oral side up from top.

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-9.jpg | Pic. 9.  Close-up of Manubrium / Mouth.

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;

== '''Table'''&amp;nbsp;  ==

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out. 

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________ 

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp; 

#_______ 
#_______ 
#_______

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-10.jpg | Whole medusa (RGB with flash).
Image:Cyanea_sp-11.jpg | Whole medusa (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.


&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-12.jpg | Close-up of Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.
Image:Cyanea_sp-13.jpg | Picture of center (Bottom Illum/ B. Background.
Image:Cyanea_sp-14.jpg | Close-up of Velar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).
Image:Cyanea_sp-15.jpg | Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-16.jpg | Close-up Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-17.jpg | Close-up of Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).) 
Image:Cyanea_sp-18.jpg | Close-up of Coronal muscles (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1.
Image:Cyanea_sp-19.jpg | Close-up of Coronal Muscles (Bottom illum/ Full trans) Picture 2. 
Image:Cyanea_sp-20.jpg | Close-up of Radial Muscles (Bottom Illum/ B background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-21.jpg | Close-up of gonad (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-22.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1. 
Image:Cyanea_sp-23.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 2.
Image:Cyanea_sp-24.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 3.
Image:Cyanea_sp-25.jpg | Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars) 

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________ 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-26.jpg | Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-28.jpg |  Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).
Image:Cyanea_sp-27.jpg | Close-up of a single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-29.jpg | Close-up of single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-30.jpg | Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-31.jpg | Whole animal Exumbrella (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________ 

[[Category:Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] [[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1383</id>
      <parentid>1382</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-14T08:55:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Table&amp;nbsp; */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3732">= Cyaneidae&lt;br&gt;  =

&lt;br&gt; '''''Cyanea sp''&amp;nbsp;''' 

== '''Tank'''  ==

1. Place jellyfish in a tank. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-1.jpg | Pic. 1. Lateral view whole animal (Front).
Image:Cyanea_sp-2.jpg | Pic. 2. Lateral view whole animal (Front RGB).
Image:Cyanea_sp-3.jpg | Pic. 3. Whole animal from top.
Image:Cyanea_sp-4.jpg | Pic. 4. Close-up Front/Right Quadrant-Front or side.
Image:Cyanea_sp-5.jpg | Pic. 5. Close-up Bell Margin (Front or Side).  
Image:Cyanea_sp-6.jpg | Pic. 6. Close-up of tentacle (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-7.jpg | Pic. 7. Close-up of Oral arms (Front or Side).
Image:Cyanea_sp-8.jpg | Pic. 8. Oral side up from top.

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

2. Lift up bell, oral arms to expose ends of manubrium. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-9.jpg | Pic. 9.  Close-up of Manubrium / Mouth.

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;

== '''Table'''&amp;nbsp;  ==

1. Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out. 

- Measure Bell Diameter: ______________ 

- Measure Bell Thickness:&amp;nbsp; 

#_______ 
#_______ 
#_______

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-10.jpg | Pic. 10. Whole medusa (RGB with flash).
Image:Cyanea_sp-11.jpg | Pic. 11. Whole medusa (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.


&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

2. Move tentacles/oral arms from quadrant. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-12.jpg | Pic. 12. Close-up of Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.
Image:Cyanea_sp-13.jpg | Pic. 13. Picture of center (Bottom Illum/ B. Background.
Image:Cyanea_sp-14.jpg | Pic. 14. Close-up of Velar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).
Image:Cyanea_sp-15.jpg | Pic. 15. Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-16.jpg | Pic. 16. Close-up Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-17.jpg | Pic. 17. Close-up of Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).) 
Image:Cyanea_sp-18.jpg | Pic. 18. Close-up of Coronal muscles (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1.
Image:Cyanea_sp-19.jpg | Pic. 19. Close-up of Coronal Muscles (Bottom illum/ Full trans) Picture 2. 
Image:Cyanea_sp-20.jpg | Pic. 20. Close-up of Radial Muscles (Bottom Illum/ B background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-21.jpg | Pic. 21. Close-up of gonad (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-22.jpg | Pic. 22. Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1. 
Image:Cyanea_sp-23.jpg | Pic. 23. Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 2.
Image:Cyanea_sp-24.jpg | Pic. 24. Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 3.
Image:Cyanea_sp-25.jpg | Pic. 25. Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

3. Move oral arms to top in a group (reveal oral pillars) 

- Measure depth of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure Height of oral pillar: ______________ 

- Measure the wide of oral pillar: ______________ 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-26.jpg | Pic. 26. Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-28.jpg | Pic. 27. Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).
Image:Cyanea_sp-27.jpg | Pic. 28. Close-up of a single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-29.jpg | Pic. 29. Close-up of single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

4. Flip animal so exumbrella face up. 

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt; 
Image:Cyanea_sp-30.jpg | Pic. 30. Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ B. background).
Image:Cyanea_sp-31.jpg | Pic. 31. Whole animal Exumbrella (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

5. Count the tentacles of the first quadrant: ______________ 

[[Category:Cyaneidae|Cyaneidae]] [[Category:Identification]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Methods/Mastigiidae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>314</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1255</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T19:06:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &amp;nbsp;- Work in Progress.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="25">&amp;nbsp;- Work in Progress.</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Methods/Pelagiidae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>309</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1245</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T18:58:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &amp;nbsp;- Work in Progress.&amp;nbsp;</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="31">&amp;nbsp;- Work in Progress.&amp;nbsp;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Methods/Stomolophidae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>313</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1253</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T19:05:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &amp;nbsp;- Work in Progress.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="25">&amp;nbsp;- Work in Progress.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Methods/Ulmaridae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>308</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1243</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T18:56:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &amp;nbsp;- Work in progress.&amp;nbsp;</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="31">&amp;nbsp;- Work in progress.&amp;nbsp;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Morphological Matrix</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>320</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1391</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-14T09:31:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Follow This table when taking the pictures: (Work in progress)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3540">Follow This table when taking the pictures: (Work in progress)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 

'''Tank''' &lt;br&gt;1. Label &lt;br&gt;2. Lateral view whole animal Front &lt;br&gt;3. Lateral view whole animal Front RGB &lt;br&gt;4. Lateral view whole animal Side &lt;br&gt;5. whole animal from top RGB &lt;br&gt;6. Close-up Front/Right Quadrant -Front or side &lt;br&gt;7. Close-up Bell Margin -Front or side &lt;br&gt;8. Close-up of tentacle -Front or side &lt;br&gt;9. Close-up of Oral arms - Front or side &lt;br&gt;10. Close-up of Oral Arm Filaments &lt;br&gt;11. Close-up of terminal clubs - Front or side &lt;br&gt;12. Close-up of Mouthlets - Front &lt;br&gt;13. Close-up of Scapulae - Front or side &lt;br&gt;14. Close-up of Scapular Filaments &lt;br&gt;15. Close-up of Scapular Filaments RGB &amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;16. Close-up of Manubrium/Mouth &lt;br&gt;17. Oral side up from Top 

&lt;br&gt;'''Table''' 

&lt;br&gt; Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out &lt;br&gt; Measure Bell Diameter ______________ &lt;br&gt; Measure Bell thickness 1)____ 2)____ 3)____ &lt;br&gt; Measure Oral Disk _________________ 

&lt;br&gt;18. Whole medusae - RGB with flash &lt;br&gt;19. Whole medusaer - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;20. Whole medusae - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;21. Close up of Quadrant - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;22. Close-up of Quadrant - Bottom black &lt;br&gt;23. Picture of center - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;24. Picture of center - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;25. Close-up of Velar Lappets - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;26. Close-up of Velar Lappets - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;27. Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;28. Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;29. Close-up of Rhopalium - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;30. Close-up of Rhopalium - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;31. Close-up of Coronal Muscles - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;32. Close-up of Coronal Muscles - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;33. Cloes-up of Radial Muscles - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;34. Cloes-up of Radial Muscles - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;35. Close-up of gonad - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;36. Close-up of gonad - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt; 37. Close-up of canals 2 quads - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;38. Close-up of canals 2 quads - Bottom Illum/B Blackground &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;39. Close-up of Oral Pillar - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;40. Close-up of Oral Pillar - Bottom Illum/Full Trans&amp;nbsp; 

&lt;br&gt; Measure depth of oral Pillar __________________________ &lt;br&gt; Measure height of oral pillar__________________________ &lt;br&gt; Measure the wide of oral pilar_________________________ 

&lt;br&gt;41. Close-up of Subumbrellar papillae - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;42. Close-up of Subumbrellar papillae - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;43. Close-up of oral arms/terminal clubs - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;44. Close-up of oral arms/terminal clubs - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;45. Close-up of single oral arm - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;46. Close-up of single oral arm - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;47. Close up of scapula - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;48. Close up of scapula - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;49. Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;50. Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;51. Whole animal Exumbrella - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;52. Whole animal Exumbrella - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;53. Close-up of dyed canals 2 quads 

&lt;br&gt; Dissect Rhopalia - place in vial &lt;br&gt; Remove tentacle(s) - place in vial</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1393</id>
      <parentid>1391</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-14T15:57:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3569">Follow This table when taking the pictures: (Work in progress)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 

'''Tank''' &lt;br&gt;1. Label &lt;br&gt;2. Lateral view whole animal Front &lt;br&gt;3. Lateral view whole animal Front RGB &lt;br&gt;4. Lateral view whole animal Side &lt;br&gt;5. whole animal from top RGB &lt;br&gt;6. Close-up Front/Right Quadrant -Front or side &lt;br&gt;7. Close-up Bell Margin -Front or side &lt;br&gt;8. Close-up of tentacle -Front or side &lt;br&gt;9. Close-up of Oral arms - Front or side &lt;br&gt;10. Close-up of Oral Arm Filaments &lt;br&gt;11. Close-up of terminal clubs - Front or side &lt;br&gt;12. Close-up of Mouthlets - Front &lt;br&gt;13. Close-up of Scapulae - Front or side &lt;br&gt;14. Close-up of Scapular Filaments &lt;br&gt;15. Close-up of Scapular Filaments RGB &amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;16. Close-up of Manubrium/Mouth &lt;br&gt;17. Oral side up from Top 

&lt;br&gt;'''Table''' 

&lt;br&gt; Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out &lt;br&gt; Measure Bell Diameter ______________ &lt;br&gt; Measure Bell thickness 1)____ 2)____ 3)____ &lt;br&gt; Measure Oral Disk _________________ 

&lt;br&gt;18. Whole medusae - RGB with flash &lt;br&gt;19. Whole medusaer - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;20. Whole medusae - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;21. Close up of Quadrant - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;22. Close-up of Quadrant - Bottom black &lt;br&gt;23. Picture of center - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;24. Picture of center - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;25. Close-up of Velar Lappets - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;26. Close-up of Velar Lappets - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;27. Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;28. Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;29. Close-up of Rhopalium - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;30. Close-up of Rhopalium - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;31. Close-up of Coronal Muscles - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;32. Close-up of Coronal Muscles - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;33. Cloes-up of Radial Muscles - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;34. Cloes-up of Radial Muscles - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;35. Close-up of gonad - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;36. Close-up of gonad - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt; 37. Close-up of canals 2 quads - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;38. Close-up of canals 2 quads - Bottom Illum/B Blackground &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;39. Close-up of Oral Pillar - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;40. Close-up of Oral Pillar - Bottom Illum/Full Trans&amp;nbsp; 

&lt;br&gt; Measure depth of oral Pillar __________________________ &lt;br&gt; Measure height of oral pillar__________________________ &lt;br&gt; Measure the wide of oral pilar_________________________ 

&lt;br&gt;41. Close-up of Subumbrellar papillae - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;42. Close-up of Subumbrellar papillae - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;43. Close-up of oral arms/terminal clubs - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;44. Close-up of oral arms/terminal clubs - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;45. Close-up of single oral arm - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;46. Close-up of single oral arm - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;47. Close up of scapula - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;48. Close up of scapula - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;49. Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;50. Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;51. Whole animal Exumbrella - Bottom Illum/B Background &lt;br&gt;52. Whole animal Exumbrella - Bottom Illum/Full Trans &lt;br&gt;53. Close-up of dyed canals 2 quads 

&lt;br&gt; Dissect Rhopalia - place in vial &lt;br&gt; Remove tentacle(s) - place in vial

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1394</id>
      <parentid>1393</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-04-20T01:33:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8812">&lt;br&gt; 

{| width=&quot;697&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| width=&quot;82&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | '''&lt;span class=&quot;style5&quot;&gt;PIC No.&lt;/span&gt;'''
| width=&quot;434&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | '''&lt;span class=&quot;style5&quot;&gt;Description&lt;/span&gt;'''
| width=&quot;85&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | '''&lt;span class=&quot;style5&quot;&gt;No. Pics&lt;/span&gt;'''
| width=&quot;86&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | '''&lt;span class=&quot;style5&quot;&gt;Notes&lt;/span&gt;'''
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | '''&lt;span class=&quot;style5&quot;&gt;Tank&lt;/span&gt;'''&lt;span class=&quot;style5&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 
| bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
| bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
| bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;1&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Label 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;2&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Lateral view whole animal Front 
| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;3&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Lateral view whole animal Front RGB 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;4&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Lateral view whole animal Side 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;5&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;whole animal from top RGB 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;6&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up Front/Right Quadrant -Front or side 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;7&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up Bell Margin -Front or side 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;8&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of tentacle -Front or side 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;9&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Oral arms - Front or side 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;10&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Oral Arm Filaments 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;11&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of terminal clubs - Front or side 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;12&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Mouthlets - Front 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;13&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Scapulae - Front or side 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;14&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Scapular Filaments 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;15&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Scapular Filaments RGB 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;Lift up bell, drape oral arms to expose ends of manubrium'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;16&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Manubrium/Mouth 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;17&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Oral side up from Top 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | &lt;span class=&quot;style3&quot;&gt;'''Table'''&lt;/span&gt; 
| bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | &amp;nbsp; 
| bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | &amp;nbsp; 
| bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &amp;nbsp; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| height=&quot;28&quot; | &amp;nbsp; 
| '''&amp;nbsp;Measure Bell Diameter &lt;span class=&quot;style6&quot;&gt;______________&lt;/span&gt;''' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| height=&quot;26&quot; | &amp;nbsp; 
| '''&amp;nbsp;Measure Bell thickness 1)____ 2)____ 3)____''' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| height=&quot;28&quot; | &amp;nbsp; 
| '''&amp;nbsp;Measure Oral Disk _________________''' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;18&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Whole medusae - RGB with flash 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;19&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Whole medusaer - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;20&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Whole medusae - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &amp;nbsp; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;Move tentacles/oa from quadrant'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;21&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close up of Quadrant - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;22&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Quadrant - Bottom black 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;23&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Picture of center - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;24&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Picture of center - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;25&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Velar Lappets - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;26&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Velar Lappets - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;27&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;28&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;29&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Rhopalium - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;30&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Rhopalium - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;31&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Coronal Muscles - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;32&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Coronal Muscles - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;33&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Cloes-up of Radial Muscles - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;34&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Cloes-up of Radial Muscles - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;35&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of gonad - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;36&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of gonad - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;37&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of canals 2 quads - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;38&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of canals 2 quads - Bottom Illum/B Blackground 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;Move oral arms to top in a group - reveal oral pillars'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;39&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Oral Pillar - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;40&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Oral Pillar - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| height=&quot;29&quot; | &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| '''&amp;nbsp;Measure depth of oral Pillar _________________________''' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| height=&quot;29&quot; | &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| '''&amp;nbsp;Measure height of oral pillar _________________________''' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| height=&quot;30&quot; | &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| '''&amp;nbsp;Measure the wide of oral pilar________________________''' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;41&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Subumbrellar papillae - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;42&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Subumbrellar papillae - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;Splay 1/2 of oral arms and terminal clubs out'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;43&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of oral arms/terminal clubs - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;44&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of oral arms/terminal clubs - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;Splay single oral arm out (winged portion esp.) - expose fenestrations'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;45&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of single oral arm - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;46&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of single oral arm - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;Splay out scapulae as with oral arm (above)'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;47&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close up of scapula - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;48&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close up of scapula - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;Pull up oral disk, take a look at subgenital porticus'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| height=&quot;28&quot; | &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Record?______________________________ 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Flip animal so exumbrella faces up 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;49&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;50&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;51&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Whole animal Exumbrella - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;52&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Whole animal Exumbrella - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;If dying canals possible - flip animal and dye canals'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;53&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of dyed canals 2 quads 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;Dissect Rhopalia - place in vial'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;Remove tentacle(s) - place in vial'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|}</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1395</id>
      <parentid>1394</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-04-20T01:36:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9315">Species: ___________________________________ &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Date: ______________________&lt;br&gt;Recorder: __________________________________ &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Cat.No._____________________



{| width=&quot;697&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| width=&quot;82&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | '''&lt;span class=&quot;style5&quot;&gt;PIC No.&lt;/span&gt;''' 
| width=&quot;434&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | '''&lt;span class=&quot;style5&quot;&gt;Description&lt;/span&gt;''' 
| width=&quot;85&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | '''&lt;span class=&quot;style5&quot;&gt;No. Pics&lt;/span&gt;''' 
| width=&quot;86&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | '''&lt;span class=&quot;style5&quot;&gt;Notes&lt;/span&gt;'''
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | '''&lt;span class=&quot;style5&quot;&gt;Tank&lt;/span&gt;'''&lt;span class=&quot;style5&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 
| bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | &lt;br&gt; 
| bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | &lt;br&gt; 
| bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;1&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Label 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;2&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Lateral view whole animal Front 
| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;3&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Lateral view whole animal Front RGB 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;4&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Lateral view whole animal Side 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;5&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;whole animal from top RGB 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;6&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up Front/Right Quadrant -Front or side 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;7&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up Bell Margin -Front or side 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;8&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of tentacle -Front or side 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;9&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Oral arms - Front or side 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;10&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Oral Arm Filaments 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;11&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of terminal clubs - Front or side 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;12&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Mouthlets - Front 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;13&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Scapulae - Front or side 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;14&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Scapular Filaments 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;15&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Scapular Filaments RGB 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;Lift up bell, drape oral arms to expose ends of manubrium'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;16&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Manubrium/Mouth 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;17&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Oral side up from Top 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | &lt;span class=&quot;style3&quot;&gt;'''Table'''&lt;/span&gt; 
| bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | &amp;nbsp; 
| bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | &amp;nbsp; 
| bgcolor=&quot;#666666&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &amp;nbsp; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;Subumbrella up, tentacles/oral arms out'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| height=&quot;28&quot; | &amp;nbsp; 
| '''&amp;nbsp;Measure Bell Diameter &lt;span class=&quot;style6&quot;&gt;______________&lt;/span&gt;''' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| height=&quot;26&quot; | &amp;nbsp; 
| '''&amp;nbsp;Measure Bell thickness 1)____ 2)____ 3)____''' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| height=&quot;28&quot; | &amp;nbsp; 
| '''&amp;nbsp;Measure Oral Disk _________________''' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;18&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Whole medusae - RGB with flash 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;19&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Whole medusaer - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;20&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Whole medusae - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &amp;nbsp; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;Move tentacles/oa from quadrant'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;21&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close up of Quadrant - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;22&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Quadrant - Bottom black 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;23&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Picture of center - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;24&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Picture of center - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;25&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Velar Lappets - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;26&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Velar Lappets - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;27&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;28&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;29&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Rhopalium - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;30&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Rhopalium - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;31&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Coronal Muscles - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;32&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Coronal Muscles - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;33&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Cloes-up of Radial Muscles - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;34&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Cloes-up of Radial Muscles - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;35&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of gonad - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;36&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of gonad - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;37&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of canals 2 quads - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;38&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of canals 2 quads - Bottom Illum/B Blackground 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;Move oral arms to top in a group - reveal oral pillars'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;39&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Oral Pillar - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;40&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Oral Pillar - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| height=&quot;29&quot; | &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| '''&amp;nbsp;Measure depth of oral Pillar _________________________''' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| height=&quot;29&quot; | &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| '''&amp;nbsp;Measure height of oral pillar _________________________''' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| height=&quot;30&quot; | &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| '''&amp;nbsp;Measure the wide of oral pilar________________________''' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;41&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Subumbrellar papillae - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;42&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Subumbrellar papillae - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;Splay 1/2 of oral arms and terminal clubs out'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;43&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of oral arms/terminal clubs - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;44&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of oral arms/terminal clubs - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;Splay single oral arm out (winged portion esp.) - expose fenestrations'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;45&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of single oral arm - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;46&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of single oral arm - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;Splay out scapulae as with oral arm (above)'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;47&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close up of scapula - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;48&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close up of scapula - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;Pull up oral disk, take a look at subgenital porticus'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| height=&quot;28&quot; | &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Record?______________________________ 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Flip animal so exumbrella faces up 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;49&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;50&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;51&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Whole animal Exumbrella - Bottom Illum/B Background 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;52&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Whole animal Exumbrella - Bottom Illum/Full Trans 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;If dying canals possible - flip animal and dye canals'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;53&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;Close-up of dyed canals 2 quads 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
| &lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
| ''&amp;nbsp;Dissect Rhopalia - place in vial'' 
| &amp;nbsp; 
| &amp;nbsp;
|-
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    <title>Nemopilema nomurai</title>
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      <comment>New page: '''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern Ea...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="866">'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="909">[[Image:Example.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Tag]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="924">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Tag]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="924">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Tag]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1006">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1742">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish,;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1741">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2107">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2137">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2240">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4767">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4813">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|center]]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4820">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|center|border]]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4826">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|center|border|100px]]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4819">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|center|thumb]]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4825">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|center|thumb|250px]]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4823">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4823">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4903">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.

== Sources ==
Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4905">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.



== Sources ==
Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4908">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.






== Sources ==
Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4912">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.










== Sources ==
Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5377">{{Taxobox
| name = Nemopilema nomurai
| status = [[Least concern]]
| image = Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg
| image_width = 255px
| image_caption = A diver attaching a tracking device to ''N. nomurai''
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Cnidaria]]
| classis = [[Scyphozoa]]
| ordo = [[Rhizostomae]]
| familia = [[Stomolophidae]]
| genus = ''[[Nemopilema]]''
| species = ''N. Nomurai''
| binomial = ''Nemopilema nomurai''
| binomial_authority = ([[Kishinouye]], 1922)
}}

[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.










== Sources ==
Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4912">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.










== Sources ==
Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).</text>
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      <comment>Protected &quot;[[Nemopilema nomurai]]&quot; [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4912">[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.










== Sources ==
Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).</text>
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[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.










== Sources ==
Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).</text>
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[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.










== Sources ==
Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).</text>
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[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.










== Sources ==
Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).</text>
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[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the [[Tsushima Current]] into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.










== Sources ==
Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).</text>
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[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the [[Tsushima Current]] into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]







== Sources ==
Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).</text>
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[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the [[Tsushima Current]] into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]

== Sources ==
* Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
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[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the [[Tsushima Current]] into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]

== Sources ==
* Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).

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[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the [[Tsushima Current]] into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]

== Sources ==
* Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).

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[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the [[Tsushima Current]] into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and  displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]

== Sources ==
* Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).

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[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the [[Tsushima Current]] into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normaltext-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and  displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]

== Sources ==
* Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).

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[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the [[Tsushima Current]] into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and  displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normaltext-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
 
== Sources ==
* Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).

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[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the [[Tsushima Current]] into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.weavcast.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Weavcast&lt;/span&gt;] May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and  displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normaltext-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
 
== Sources ==
* Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).

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      <parentid>1572</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-14T05:09:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ErinRees</username>
        <id>143</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5689">{{test|Rhizostomeae|Nemopilema|nomurai}}
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the [[Tsushima Current]] into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.weavcast.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Weavcast&lt;/span&gt;] May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;/span&gt;] removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and  displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normaltext-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
 
== Sources ==
* Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).

[[Category:Nemopilema nomurai]]</text>
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      <id>1576</id>
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      <timestamp>2011-10-14T14:11:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Onelihtn856</username>
        <id>144</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5886">{{test|Rhizostomeae|Nemopilema|nomurai}}
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the [[Tsushima Current]] into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.weavcast.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Weavcast&lt;/span&gt;] May-June 2007 indicate the largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://tripfoundry.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Trip Foundry&lt;/span&gt;] problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;/span&gt;] removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and  displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normaltext-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
 
== Sources ==
* Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).

[[Category:Nemopilema nomurai]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1654</id>
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      <timestamp>2011-10-29T07:57:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MatildaHarris</username>
        <id>172</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5942">{{test|Rhizostomeae|Nemopilema|nomurai}}
[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_net.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005]]'''Nemopilema nomurai''' is a large rhizostome jellyfish that grows to approximately 200 cm bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight. It is probably distributed predominantly in the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea, but may also be advected northward by the [[Tsushima Current]] into the Sea of Japan. For most of the last century, it was not abundant in the coastal waters of Japan; during such 'normal' years (e.g. 2001) only one or two medusae per week were caught in any particular set-net. In contrast, N. nomurai occurred at exceptional abundances around Japan during 1920, 1958, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006; during such 'bloom' years up to 1500 medusae have been caught in a set-net in a single day. Preliminary observations in the Tsushima Current during &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.weavcast.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Weavcast&lt;/span&gt;] May-June 2007 indicate the [http://www.valleypistachio.com/ California pistachios] largest bloom since 2002 is currently on its way toward Japan.


Although Nemopilema nomurai is edible, it is considered a low-quality food because it does not have the preferred crunchy texture of good 'kurage'. Consequently, rather than being a boon for jellyfish fisheries, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai have been most notable for the problems they have caused in Japan. These &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://tripfoundry.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Trip Foundry&lt;/span&gt;] problems include
*clogging and bursing of nets;
*lower catches of finfish;
*high mortality of finfish due to invenomation by the jellyfish;
*reduced commercial value of finfish due to invenomation;
*increased labour costs associated with &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;http://www.bestpills4weightloss.com&lt;/span&gt;] removal of the medusae from nets (see figure above);
*increased risk of capsizing trawlers;
*the short-term inconvenience and discomfort caused by stings suffered by fishermen.


[[Image:Nemo_nomu_polyps.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Nemopilema nomurai polyps fertilized, reared, and  displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)]]The stings of N. nomurai cause predominantly non-lethal effects, although a few deaths have been reported from China. When stung by Nemopilema nomurai, there is at first a very intense pain with strong burning sensation, then the site of the sting becomes reddened and small blisters form on the surface of the skin. The symptoms subside after about half-an-hour.


Given the severe economic (and likely also ecological) impacts of the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai, discovering the conditions that bring such large numbers of the medusae into Japan's coastal zone is of considerable importance. Multinational meetings between China, Korea, and Japan have been convened to investigate and mitigate the problem. This remains a wide-open area of research to which mathematical oceanographic models and molecular genetic analyses, as well as population surveys, are being applied. Of the many causes typically offered to explain blooms, those currently considered most likely to explain the increase in abundance of N. nomurai are ecosystem change and altered annual hydrographical conditions near its principal habitat off eastern China.


That the location of the hypothesized principal causes of the blooms (in China) is geographically distant from the location of their principal impacts (in Japan) is a consequence of the rate at which they develop interacting with the rate at which they are advected in ocean currents. Consequently, the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan are what have been called 'apparent blooms', i.e. rapid increases in abundance of medusae due to oceanographic events, as opposed to a 'true bloom' (rapid growth of a population in a particular location). However, Nemopilema nomurai may force rethinking of these conveniently distinct definitions: the high abundance of medusae arriving in Japan (the apparent bloom) is due to the rapid growth of the population in a particular parcel of ocean water (a true bloom) that has carried them from their source region. Whether the bloom is mostly the result of unusually high strobilation and/or high survivorship in the source and transit regions, or due to a concentrating effect of currents (possibly interacting with behavior) is not yet known, but will be important for understanding, and defining, these blooms.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai_scuba.jpg|left|thumb|250px]]
Whether or not the blooms of Nemopilema nomurai in Japan will remain 'apparent' blooms in Japan is currently a practical concern. To date, there is no evidence of polyps settling, surviving, and reproducing in Japan's coastal waters. However, the threat of local populations being established - and the possibility of blooms of N. nomurai becoming an annual occurrence - is treated seriously. With continued ingress of millions of medusae and local conditions that are consistent with polyp growth, it seems probable that, &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.mycaal.com/ &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normaltext-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;loan modification&lt;/span&gt;] sometime, somewhere, N. nomurai will establish a local population in Japan.


[[Image:Nemopilema_nomurai.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nemopilema nomurai]]]]
 
== Sources ==
* Information taken predominantly from Kawahara et al. (2006a, b).

[[Category:Nemopilema nomurai]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pelagia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>104</id>
    <revision>
      <id>575</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:01:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''''Pelagia sp.'''''  J. Johnson  Kwajalein, Marshall Islands  ----  [[Image:Pelagia 7 Kwajalein012003a.jpg|border|Pelagia sp. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]]        [[Image:Pelagia 7 Kwaja...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="463">'''''Pelagia sp.'''''

J. Johnson

Kwajalein, Marshall Islands

----

[[Image:Pelagia 7 Kwajalein012003a.jpg|border|Pelagia sp. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]]







[[Image:Pelagia 7 Kwajalein 012003.jpg|border|Pelagia sp. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]]





----

'''''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *'''

Philippines

may be ''P. panopyra'' - see Cornelius [1997])

[[Image:PelagiaPanopyra2160.jpg|border|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775) Philippines]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>576</id>
      <parentid>575</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:01:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="457">'''''Pelagia sp.'''''

J. Johnson

Kwajalein, Marshall Islands

----

[[Image:Pelagia 7 Kwajalein012003a.jpg|border|Pelagia sp. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]]

[[Image:Pelagia 7 Kwajalein 012003.jpg|border|Pelagia sp. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]]





----

'''''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *'''

Philippines

may be ''P. panopyra'' - see Cornelius [1997])

[[Image:PelagiaPanopyra2160.jpg|border|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775) Philippines]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1155</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="481">'''''Pelagia sp.'''''

J. Johnson

Kwajalein, Marshall Islands

----

[[Image:Pelagia 7 Kwajalein012003a.jpg|border|Pelagia sp. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]]

[[Image:Pelagia 7 Kwajalein 012003.jpg|border|Pelagia sp. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]]





----

'''''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *'''

Philippines

may be ''P. panopyra'' - see Cornelius [1997])

[[Image:PelagiaPanopyra2160.jpg|border|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775) Philippines]]

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pelagiidae</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>525</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:10:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''  Semaeostomeae inwhich the central stomach gives rise to completely separated, unbranched radiating pouches; without a ring-canal; t...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="300">'''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''

Semaeostomeae inwhich the central stomach gives rise to completely separated, unbranched radiating pouches; without a ring-canal; tentacles arise from the umbrella margin between the clefts of the lappets; oral arms long, pointed, much folded.</text>
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      <id>1177</id>
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      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:27:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+category</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="324">'''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''

Semaeostomeae inwhich the central stomach gives rise to completely separated, unbranched radiating pouches; without a ring-canal; tentacles arise from the umbrella margin between the clefts of the lappets; oral arms long, pointed, much folded.

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Phylogeny</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: [[Image:CnidariaClasses.jpg|border|right|Cnodarian Phylogeny]]   == Phylogeny  ==  Phylogeny is the pattern of evolutionary relationships among species. Phylogenies can be estimated using ...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2659">[[Image:CnidariaClasses.jpg|border|right|Cnodarian Phylogeny]] 

== Phylogeny  ==

Phylogeny is the pattern of evolutionary relationships among species. Phylogenies can be estimated using a variety of techniques employing different types of data - typically morphological and molecular data (see [[Anatomy]]). The methods may be complex, but the results can be simple to interpret: a phylogeny is represented as a branching diagram (a dendrogram), organisms arising from a common branch are more closely related to each other than they are to organisms that do not share that branch, more distantly related species are separated by larger numbers of branches, and the deeper the split between branches leading to different species, then the longer the time since they diverged. 

A dendrogram showing the phylogenetic relationships of classes within the Phylum Cnidaria is pictured to the right. Based on morphological (e.g. Bridge et al. 1995) and molecular (Bridge et al. 1995; Collins 2002) data, this shows that [1] all cnidarians are more closely related to each other than to any other multicellular animal, [2] that hydrozoans, cubozoans, and scyphozoans (collectively known as the Medusozoa) are more closely related to each other than they are to the anthozoans, and [3] that the hydrozoans form a sister taxon to the Cubozoa+Scyphozoa, which diverged from a common ancestor more recently than any other class. The relationships between the classes Cubozoa and Scyphozoa, and between the orders within the Scyphozoa, are not yet well defined. 

Additional information can be found on the [http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Cnidaria&amp;contgroup=Animals Tree of Life] website. 

== Phylogenetic Relationships  ==

[[Image:ScyphozoaOrders.jpg|border|left|Phylogenetic relationships among orders]]Phylogenetic relationships among orders (pictured to the left ) within the Class Scyphozoa, based on Collins (2002), Collins et al. (2006), Dawson (2004), Hamner &amp; Dawson (2009), and Bayha et al. (2010). 

Molecular data suggest strongly that the coronates, semaeostomes, and rhizostomes form a monophyletic clade. The coronates are distinct from the semaeostomes and rhizostomes, whereas the semaeostomes are paraphyletic with respect to the rhizostomes (i.e. evolutionarily, rhizostomes are a type of semaeostome, rather than a distinct form of jellyfish). 

In contrast, the data provide conflicting information regarding the evolutionary placement of the Stauromedusae. They may (1) be closely related to the Cubomedusae with which they may form the sister taxon to the other scyphozoans or (2) be basal to the other Scyphozoans, the Cubozoa, and the Hydrozoa.</text>
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      <timestamp>2011-01-04T07:47:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+category</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2682">[[Image:CnidariaClasses.jpg|border|right|Cnodarian Phylogeny]] 

== Phylogeny  ==

Phylogeny is the pattern of evolutionary relationships among species. Phylogenies can be estimated using a variety of techniques employing different types of data - typically morphological and molecular data (see [[Anatomy]]). The methods may be complex, but the results can be simple to interpret: a phylogeny is represented as a branching diagram (a dendrogram), organisms arising from a common branch are more closely related to each other than they are to organisms that do not share that branch, more distantly related species are separated by larger numbers of branches, and the deeper the split between branches leading to different species, then the longer the time since they diverged. 

A dendrogram showing the phylogenetic relationships of classes within the Phylum Cnidaria is pictured to the right. Based on morphological (e.g. Bridge et al. 1995) and molecular (Bridge et al. 1995; Collins 2002) data, this shows that [1] all cnidarians are more closely related to each other than to any other multicellular animal, [2] that hydrozoans, cubozoans, and scyphozoans (collectively known as the Medusozoa) are more closely related to each other than they are to the anthozoans, and [3] that the hydrozoans form a sister taxon to the Cubozoa+Scyphozoa, which diverged from a common ancestor more recently than any other class. The relationships between the classes Cubozoa and Scyphozoa, and between the orders within the Scyphozoa, are not yet well defined. 

Additional information can be found on the [http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Cnidaria&amp;contgroup=Animals Tree of Life] website. 

== Phylogenetic Relationships  ==

[[Image:ScyphozoaOrders.jpg|border|left|Phylogenetic relationships among orders]]Phylogenetic relationships among orders (pictured to the left ) within the Class Scyphozoa, based on Collins (2002), Collins et al. (2006), Dawson (2004), Hamner &amp; Dawson (2009), and Bayha et al. (2010). 

Molecular data suggest strongly that the coronates, semaeostomes, and rhizostomes form a monophyletic clade. The coronates are distinct from the semaeostomes and rhizostomes, whereas the semaeostomes are paraphyletic with respect to the rhizostomes (i.e. evolutionarily, rhizostomes are a type of semaeostome, rather than a distinct form of jellyfish). 

In contrast, the data provide conflicting information regarding the evolutionary placement of the Stauromedusae. They may (1) be closely related to the Cubomedusae with which they may form the sister taxon to the other scyphozoans or (2) be basal to the other Scyphozoans, the Cubozoa, and the Hydrozoa.

[[Category:Taxonomy]]</text>
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      <minor/>
      <comment>+categorization key</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2684">[[Image:CnidariaClasses.jpg|border|right|Cnodarian Phylogeny]] 

== Phylogeny  ==

Phylogeny is the pattern of evolutionary relationships among species. Phylogenies can be estimated using a variety of techniques employing different types of data - typically morphological and molecular data (see [[Anatomy]]). The methods may be complex, but the results can be simple to interpret: a phylogeny is represented as a branching diagram (a dendrogram), organisms arising from a common branch are more closely related to each other than they are to organisms that do not share that branch, more distantly related species are separated by larger numbers of branches, and the deeper the split between branches leading to different species, then the longer the time since they diverged. 

A dendrogram showing the phylogenetic relationships of classes within the Phylum Cnidaria is pictured to the right. Based on morphological (e.g. Bridge et al. 1995) and molecular (Bridge et al. 1995; Collins 2002) data, this shows that [1] all cnidarians are more closely related to each other than to any other multicellular animal, [2] that hydrozoans, cubozoans, and scyphozoans (collectively known as the Medusozoa) are more closely related to each other than they are to the anthozoans, and [3] that the hydrozoans form a sister taxon to the Cubozoa+Scyphozoa, which diverged from a common ancestor more recently than any other class. The relationships between the classes Cubozoa and Scyphozoa, and between the orders within the Scyphozoa, are not yet well defined. 

Additional information can be found on the [http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Cnidaria&amp;contgroup=Animals Tree of Life] website. 

== Phylogenetic Relationships  ==

[[Image:ScyphozoaOrders.jpg|border|left|Phylogenetic relationships among orders]]Phylogenetic relationships among orders (pictured to the left ) within the Class Scyphozoa, based on Collins (2002), Collins et al. (2006), Dawson (2004), Hamner &amp; Dawson (2009), and Bayha et al. (2010). 

Molecular data suggest strongly that the coronates, semaeostomes, and rhizostomes form a monophyletic clade. The coronates are distinct from the semaeostomes and rhizostomes, whereas the semaeostomes are paraphyletic with respect to the rhizostomes (i.e. evolutionarily, rhizostomes are a type of semaeostome, rather than a distinct form of jellyfish). 

In contrast, the data provide conflicting information regarding the evolutionary placement of the Stauromedusae. They may (1) be closely related to the Cubomedusae with which they may form the sister taxon to the other scyphozoans or (2) be basal to the other Scyphozoans, the Cubozoa, and the Hydrozoa.

[[Category:Taxonomy| ]]</text>
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      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2933">[[Image:CnidariaClasses.jpg|border|right|Cnodarian Phylogeny]] 

== Phylogeny  ==

Phylogeny is the pattern of evolutionary relationships among species. Phylogenies can be estimated using a variety of techniques employing different types of data - typically morphological and molecular data (see [[Anatomy]]). The methods may be complex, but the results can be simple to interpret: a phylogeny is represented as a branching diagram (a dendrogram), organisms arising from a common branch are more closely related to &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/Singapore/Story/STIStory_681222.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] each other than they are to organisms that do not share that branch, more distantly related species are separated by larger numbers of branches, and the deeper the split between branches leading to different species, then the longer the time since they diverged. 

A dendrogram showing the phylogenetic relationships of classes within the Phylum Cnidaria is pictured to the right. Based on morphological (e.g. Bridge et al. 1995) and molecular (Bridge et al. 1995; Collins 2002) data, this shows that [1] all cnidarians are more closely related to each other than to any other multicellular animal, [2] that hydrozoans, cubozoans, and scyphozoans (collectively known as the Medusozoa) are more closely related to each other than they are to the anthozoans, and [3] that the hydrozoans form a sister taxon to the Cubozoa+Scyphozoa, which diverged from a common ancestor more recently than any other class. The relationships between the classes Cubozoa and Scyphozoa, and between the orders within the Scyphozoa, are not yet well defined. 

Additional information can be found on the [http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Cnidaria&amp;contgroup=Animals Tree of Life] website. 

== Phylogenetic Relationships  ==

[[Image:ScyphozoaOrders.jpg|border|left|Phylogenetic relationships among orders]]Phylogenetic relationships among orders (pictured to the left ) within the Class Scyphozoa, based on Collins (2002), Collins et al. (2006), Dawson (2004), Hamner &amp; Dawson (2009), and Bayha et al. (2010). 

Molecular data suggest strongly that the coronates, semaeostomes, and rhizostomes form a monophyletic clade. The coronates are distinct from the semaeostomes and rhizostomes, whereas the semaeostomes are paraphyletic with respect to the rhizostomes (i.e. evolutionarily, rhizostomes are a type of semaeostome, rather than a distinct form of jellyfish). 

In contrast, the data provide conflicting information regarding the evolutionary placement of the Stauromedusae. They may (1) be closely related to the Cubomedusae with which they may form the sister taxon to the other scyphozoans or (2) be basal to the other Scyphozoans, the Cubozoa, and the Hydrozoa.

[[Category:Taxonomy| ]]</text>
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      <comment>New page: http://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/Projects/REVSYS/REVSYS.html  The goals of the Rennaissance Taxonomy of Semaeostome Scyphomedusae project is to increase understanding of the evolution of ...</comment>
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The goals of the Rennaissance Taxonomy of Semaeostome Scyphomedusae project is to increase understanding of the evolution of the semaeostome group of true jellyfishes.  This group has a high profile with the general public because semaeostome species often are exhibited in aquaria and may be implicated in &quot;jellyfish blooms&quot;.</text>
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The goals of the Rennaissance Taxonomy of Semaeostome Scyphomedusae project is to increase understanding of the evolution of the semaeostome group of true jellyfishes.  This group has a high profile with the general public because semaeostome species often are exhibited in aquaria and may be implicated in &quot;jellyfish blooms&quot;.


----


'''REVSYS: Rennaissance Taxonomy of Semaeostome Scyphomedusae'''
A Systematic Framework for Understanding Jellyfish Blooms and Invasive Species
NSF DEB-0717078  

'''Overview'''

Approximately 63 morphospecies of semaeostome jellyfishes, divided among 19 genera and three families, are currently described world-wide. The low taxonomic diversity purportedly reflects low levels of endemism and a high proportion of cosmopolitan species. However, recent molecular analyses suggest 2-to-10-fold greater species diversity in many genera and changes to long-standing phylogenetic hypotheses, suggesting that there have been major difficulties in inferring the taxonomic significance of historically used morphological features due to a dearth of characters, homoplasy, incorrect assignment of homology, and various other problems.

Recent quantitative statistical analyses of morphology in several semaeostome genera have, however, revealed that macromorphological features may be more numerous than previously thought. Moreover, most morphological features are variable and many molecularly-inferred species may also be morphologically distinguishable using univariate, multivariate and phylogenetic statistics. Such statistical morphological analyses may therefore contribute to integrative phylogenetics and a renaissance in scyphozoan systematics.

We propose to extend the developing quantitative and statistical approach to morphological analyses of scyphomedusae in unison with more rigorous multi-locus molecular phylogenetic analyses. Our goals are [i] to generate a robust approach to species identification and description for semaeostomes employing, at least in part, morphological information and [ii] to make the approach accessible to biologists who need accurate identifications in the field.

Our objectives are: [1] Inventory existing natural history collections of all known species of semaeostomes from diverse geographic locations, including the type localities whenever possible. [2] Use collections to establish methods for collecting data suited to rigorous statistical comparative morphological analyses of medusae. [3] Use existing collections that are suitably preserved to generate a robust phylogeny based on DNA sequencing of 2 mitochondrial and 4 nuclear markers. [4] Integrate morphological and molecular data to [a] identify morphological characters, or suites thereof, that can be used to reliably identify semaeostome species and [b] revise the systematics of species in the three semaeostome families including publishing new species descriptions. [5] Develop tools that use the new systematic framework to improve the accuracy of future systematic research. [6] Make these tools widely available to enable non-specialists to use morphological characters to accurately identify semaeostomes in the field.

Broader impacts: Accurate species descriptions are important to many scientific disciplines. Our project will establish methods that will resolve the currently confused systematics of semaeostomes thus providing a robust evolutionary framework for integrative and comparative studies of ecological variation and tools for reliable identification of species causing jellyfish blooms and of invasive species. We will establish widely accessible, easy to use, web-based protocols for identifying semaeostomes including an interactive polychotomous key. The Scyphozoan website will be further developed as the source for gathering and depositing methods, data, and analyses (e.g. spreadsheets, database, digital images, sequence alignments, phylogeny reconstructions, image analysis) pertinent to semaeostome medusae.

Benefits to society include the provision of information on jellyfish species that is applicable to the management of coastal ecosystems and fisheries, and to the public understanding of the marine environment both domestically and internationally.


''Personnel

PI: Michael N Dawson
co-PI: Allen G. Collins
Postdoc: Keith M. Bayha
Graduate: Liza E. Gomez Daglio''</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4362">The goals of the Rennaissance Taxonomy of Semaeostome Scyphomedusae project is to increase understanding of the evolution of the semaeostome group of true jellyfishes.  This group has a high profile with the general public because semaeostome species often are exhibited in aquaria and may be implicated in &quot;jellyfish blooms&quot;.


== '''Overview''' ==


'''REVSYS: Rennaissance Taxonomy of Semaeostome Scyphomedusae'''
A Systematic Framework for Understanding Jellyfish Blooms and Invasive Species
NSF DEB-0717078  


Approximately 63 morphospecies of semaeostome jellyfishes, divided among 19 genera and three families, are currently described world-wide. The low taxonomic diversity purportedly reflects low levels of endemism and a high proportion of cosmopolitan species. However, recent molecular analyses suggest 2-to-10-fold greater species diversity in many genera and changes to long-standing phylogenetic hypotheses, suggesting that there have been major difficulties in inferring the taxonomic significance of historically used morphological features due to a dearth of characters, homoplasy, incorrect assignment of homology, and various other problems.

Recent quantitative statistical analyses of morphology in several semaeostome genera have, however, revealed that macromorphological features may be more numerous than previously thought. Moreover, most morphological features are variable and many molecularly-inferred species may also be morphologically distinguishable using univariate, multivariate and phylogenetic statistics. Such statistical morphological analyses may therefore contribute to integrative phylogenetics and a renaissance in scyphozoan systematics.

We propose to extend the developing quantitative and statistical approach to morphological analyses of scyphomedusae in unison with more rigorous multi-locus molecular phylogenetic analyses. Our goals are [i] to generate a robust approach to species identification and description for semaeostomes employing, at least in part, morphological information and [ii] to make the approach accessible to biologists who need accurate identifications in the field.

Our objectives are: [1] Inventory existing natural history collections of all known species of semaeostomes from diverse geographic locations, including the type localities whenever possible. [2] Use collections to establish methods for collecting data suited to rigorous statistical comparative morphological analyses of medusae. [3] Use existing collections that are suitably preserved to generate a robust phylogeny based on DNA sequencing of 2 mitochondrial and 4 nuclear markers. [4] Integrate morphological and molecular data to [a] identify morphological characters, or suites thereof, that can be used to reliably identify semaeostome species and [b] revise the systematics of species in the three semaeostome families including publishing new species descriptions. [5] Develop tools that use the new systematic framework to improve the accuracy of future systematic research. [6] Make these tools widely available to enable non-specialists to use morphological characters to accurately identify semaeostomes in the field.

Broader impacts: Accurate species descriptions are important to many scientific disciplines. Our project will establish methods that will resolve the currently confused systematics of semaeostomes thus providing a robust evolutionary framework for integrative and comparative studies of ecological variation and tools for reliable identification of species causing jellyfish blooms and of invasive species. We will establish widely accessible, easy to use, web-based protocols for identifying semaeostomes including an interactive polychotomous key. The Scyphozoan website will be further developed as the source for gathering and depositing methods, data, and analyses (e.g. spreadsheets, database, digital images, sequence alignments, phylogeny reconstructions, image analysis) pertinent to semaeostome medusae.

Benefits to society include the provision of information on jellyfish species that is applicable to the management of coastal ecosystems and fisheries, and to the public understanding of the marine environment both domestically and internationally.


''Personnel

PI: Michael N Dawson
co-PI: Allen G. Collins
Postdoc: Keith M. Bayha
Graduate: Liza E. Gomez Daglio''


----</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9993">The aim of this revisionary systematics (REVSYS) project is to gather large amounts of quantitative morphometric data and DNA sequence data from new and existing specimens to generate a robust systematic revision of the three families of semaeostome scyphomedusae: Cyaneidae, Pelagiidae, and Ulmaridae. This revision will provide the basis for organizing and interpreting distributional, ecological, physiological, and other data data in a rigorous, phylogenetically correct manner. As such, it should promote understanding of which jellyfish bloom, and why, including the contribution of invasive species. Important goals of the project are to foster international collaborations that will promote the global community essential for tackling these major environmental issues.

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== '''Overview'''  ==

REVSYS: Rennaissance Taxonomy of Semaeostome Scyphomedusae A Systematic Framework for Understanding Jellyfish Blooms and Invasive Species NSF DEB-0717078 

[[Image:REVSYSfig1.jpg|thumb|right|Scyphomedusae in the families Cyaneidae]]&lt;br&gt; Approximately 63 morphospecies of semaeostome jellyfishes, divided among 19 genera and three families, are currently described world-wide. The low taxonomic diversity purportedly reflects low levels of endemism and a high proportion of cosmopolitan species. However, recent molecular analyses suggest 2-to-10-fold greater species diversity in many genera and changes to long-standing phylogenetic hypotheses, suggesting that there have been major difficulties in inferring the taxonomic significance of historically used morphological features due to a dearth of characters, homoplasy, incorrect assignment of homology, and various other problems. 

Recent quantitative statistical analyses of morphology in several semaeostome genera have, however, revealed that macromorphological features may be more numerous than previously thought. Moreover, most morphological features are variable and many molecularly-inferred species may also be morphologically distinguishable using univariate, multivariate and phylogenetic statistics. Such statistical morphological analyses may therefore contribute to integrative phylogenetics and a renaissance in scyphozoan systematics. 

We propose to extend the developing quantitative and statistical approach to morphological analyses of scyphomedusae in unison with more rigorous multi-locus molecular phylogenetic analyses. Our goals are [i] to generate a robust approach to species identification and description for semaeostomes employing, at least in part, morphological information and [ii] to make the approach accessible to biologists who need accurate identifications in the field. 

Our objectives are: [1] Inventory existing natural history collections of all known species of semaeostomes from diverse geographic locations, including the type localities whenever possible. [2] Use collections to establish methods for collecting data suited to rigorous statistical comparative morphological analyses of medusae. [3] Use existing collections that are suitably preserved to generate a robust phylogeny based on DNA sequencing of 2 mitochondrial and 4 nuclear markers. [4] Integrate morphological and molecular data to [a] identify morphological characters, or suites thereof, that can be used to reliably identify semaeostome species and [b] revise the systematics of species in the three semaeostome families including publishing new species descriptions. [5] Develop tools that use the new systematic framework to improve the accuracy of future systematic research. [6] Make these tools widely available to enable non-specialists to use morphological characters to accurately identify semaeostomes in the field. 

Broader impacts: Accurate species descriptions are important to many scientific disciplines. Our project will establish methods that will resolve the currently confused systematics of semaeostomes thus providing a robust evolutionary framework for integrative and comparative studies of ecological variation and tools for reliable identification of species causing jellyfish blooms and of invasive species. We will establish widely accessible, easy to use, web-based protocols for identifying semaeostomes including an interactive polychotomous key. The Scyphozoan website will be further developed as the source for gathering and depositing methods, data, and analyses (e.g. spreadsheets, database, digital images, sequence alignments, phylogeny reconstructions, image analysis) pertinent to semaeostome medusae. 

Benefits to society include the provision of information on jellyfish species that is applicable to the management of coastal ecosystems and fisheries, and to the public understanding of the marine environment both domestically and internationally. 

&lt;br&gt; ''Personnel'' 

PI: Michael N Dawson co-PI: Allen G. Collins Postdoc: Keith M. Bayha Graduate: Liza E. Gomez Daglio


== Collecting ==
Samples for DNA and morphological analyses are required from each species collected. The following instructions are pertinent to all scyphozoans. Please note that samples for DNA analyses must never be exposed to formalin.

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species).

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water.

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin.

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name.

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge.

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

== Sending Specimens ==
Keep the samples for at least a few weeks after collection to ensure they are well preserved. Please send ethanol-preserved samples for DNA analyses separate from formalin-preserved samples for morphological analyses.

The small vials of 95% ethanol with tissue for DNA analyses can be wrapped in a couple of plastic bags, sealed, put in a padded envelope or box, and mailed safely.

The specimens in 4% formalin should be placed in small, non-breakable (e.g. plastic bag, or plastic bottle), containers with sufficient space to fit the animal and just enough liquid to stop it getting damaged in transit. Remove all air from the container to minimize damage in transit. Make sure the container is well-sealed, then seal it another 3 times in additional bags. Pack the sample with plenty of cushioning inside a box.

Include a note in the box stating the point of origin and destination of the package, and a statement that it is a sample for scientific purposes. This will help it pass through customs easily if the package is checked by a customs officer.

All samples should be mailed to: Dr. Michael N Dawson, School of Natural Sciences, University of California at Merced, PO Box 2039, Merced, CA 95340, phone: (209) 228-4056, fax: (209) 228-4053 

== Taxonomic Scope ==
All species of semaeostome scyphomedusae (and also the derived rhizostomes) plus a small sampling of outgroup taxa including cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. 

== Expenses ==
This projectwill cover moderate costs associated with sampling and shipping specimens. Reimbursement will require original receipts and institutional information for transfer of funds. For more information on reimbursements, please contact Dr. Michael N Dawson. 

== Publications ==
If you make many substantial collections in particular taxonomic groups, we are keen to discuss additional co-authorships on systematic/phylogenetic papers to which those samples contribute significantly. Please feel welcome to discuss this or other appropriate arrangements with Dr. Michael N Dawson. 

----

Please ensure that you have all necessary permits for collecting and shipping samples. Please abide by postal regulations (in most cases, mailing very small quantities of ethanol and 4% formalin is OK when packed appropriately). We encourage you to also deposit specimens in 4% formalin with your regional museum. If your collaboration with REVSYS can be used to leverage additional support from your home institution or national funding agencies that will contribute to your own work and to the REVSYS project please contact us for letters of support.

If you have any questions regarding collaboration on the project or about scyphozoan jellyfishes, please do not hesitate to contact Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu.

''Prepared by M. N Dawson''</text>
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      <comment>/* Overview */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="10040">The aim of this revisionary systematics (REVSYS) project is to gather large amounts of quantitative morphometric data and DNA sequence data from new and existing specimens to generate a robust systematic revision of the three families of semaeostome scyphomedusae: Cyaneidae, Pelagiidae, and Ulmaridae. This revision will provide the basis for organizing and interpreting distributional, ecological, physiological, and other data data in a rigorous, phylogenetically correct manner. As such, it should promote understanding of which jellyfish bloom, and why, including the contribution of invasive species. Important goals of the project are to foster international collaborations that will promote the global community essential for tackling these major environmental issues.

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== '''Overview'''  ==

REVSYS: Rennaissance Taxonomy of Semaeostome Scyphomedusae A Systematic Framework for Understanding Jellyfish Blooms and Invasive Species NSF DEB-0717078 

[[Image:REVSYSfig1.jpg|thumb|right|Scyphomedusae in the families Cyaneidae]]&lt;br&gt; Approximately 63 morphospecies of semaeostome jellyfishes, divided among 19 genera and three families, are currently described world-wide. The low taxonomic diversity purportedly reflects low levels of endemism and a high proportion of cosmopolitan species. However, recent molecular analyses suggest 2-to-10-fold greater species diversity in many genera and changes to long-standing phylogenetic hypotheses, suggesting that there have been major difficulties in inferring the taxonomic significance of historically used morphological features due to a dearth of characters, homoplasy, incorrect assignment of homology, and various other problems. 

Recent quantitative statistical analyses of morphology in several semaeostome genera have, however, revealed that macromorphological features may be more numerous than previously thought. Moreover, most morphological features are variable and many molecularly-inferred species may also be morphologically distinguishable using univariate, multivariate and phylogenetic statistics. Such statistical morphological analyses may therefore contribute to integrative phylogenetics and a renaissance in scyphozoan systematics. 

We propose to extend the developing quantitative and statistical approach to morphological analyses of scyphomedusae in unison with more rigorous multi-locus molecular phylogenetic analyses. Our goals are [i] to generate a robust approach to species identification and description for semaeostomes employing, at least in part, morphological information and [ii] to make the approach accessible to biologists who need accurate identifications in the field. 

'''Our objectives are''': '''[1]''' Inventory existing natural history collections of all known species of semaeostomes from diverse geographic locations, including the type localities whenever possible. '''[2]''' Use collections to establish methods for collecting data suited to rigorous statistical comparative morphological analyses of medusae. '''[3]''' Use existing collections that are suitably preserved to generate a robust phylogeny based on DNA sequencing of 2 mitochondrial and 4 nuclear markers. '''[4]''' Integrate morphological and molecular data to [a] identify morphological characters, or suites thereof, that can be used to reliably identify semaeostome species and [b] revise the systematics of species in the three semaeostome families including publishing new species descriptions. '''[5]''' Develop tools that use the new systematic framework to improve the accuracy of future systematic research. '''[6]''' Make these tools widely available to enable non-specialists to use morphological characters to accurately identify semaeostomes in the field. 

'''Broader impacts:''' Accurate species descriptions are important to many scientific disciplines. Our project will establish methods that will resolve the currently confused systematics of semaeostomes thus providing a robust evolutionary framework for integrative and comparative studies of ecological variation and tools for reliable identification of species causing jellyfish blooms and of invasive species. We will establish widely accessible, easy to use, web-based protocols for identifying semaeostomes including an interactive polychotomous key. The Scyphozoan website will be further developed as the source for gathering and depositing methods, data, and analyses (e.g. spreadsheets, database, digital images, sequence alignments, phylogeny reconstructions, image analysis) pertinent to semaeostome medusae. 

Benefits to society include the provision of information on jellyfish species that is applicable to the management of coastal ecosystems and fisheries, and to the public understanding of the marine environment both domestically and internationally. 

&lt;br&gt; ''Personnel'' 

PI: Michael N Dawson co-PI: Allen G. Collins Postdoc: Keith M. Bayha Graduate: Liza E. Gomez Daglio

== Collecting ==
Samples for DNA and morphological analyses are required from each species collected. The following instructions are pertinent to all scyphozoans. Please note that samples for DNA analyses must never be exposed to formalin.

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species).

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water.

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin.

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name.

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge.

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

== Sending Specimens ==
Keep the samples for at least a few weeks after collection to ensure they are well preserved. Please send ethanol-preserved samples for DNA analyses separate from formalin-preserved samples for morphological analyses.

The small vials of 95% ethanol with tissue for DNA analyses can be wrapped in a couple of plastic bags, sealed, put in a padded envelope or box, and mailed safely.

The specimens in 4% formalin should be placed in small, non-breakable (e.g. plastic bag, or plastic bottle), containers with sufficient space to fit the animal and just enough liquid to stop it getting damaged in transit. Remove all air from the container to minimize damage in transit. Make sure the container is well-sealed, then seal it another 3 times in additional bags. Pack the sample with plenty of cushioning inside a box.

Include a note in the box stating the point of origin and destination of the package, and a statement that it is a sample for scientific purposes. This will help it pass through customs easily if the package is checked by a customs officer.

All samples should be mailed to: Dr. Michael N Dawson, School of Natural Sciences, University of California at Merced, PO Box 2039, Merced, CA 95340, phone: (209) 228-4056, fax: (209) 228-4053 

== Taxonomic Scope ==
All species of semaeostome scyphomedusae (and also the derived rhizostomes) plus a small sampling of outgroup taxa including cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. 

== Expenses ==
This projectwill cover moderate costs associated with sampling and shipping specimens. Reimbursement will require original receipts and institutional information for transfer of funds. For more information on reimbursements, please contact Dr. Michael N Dawson. 

== Publications ==
If you make many substantial collections in particular taxonomic groups, we are keen to discuss additional co-authorships on systematic/phylogenetic papers to which those samples contribute significantly. Please feel welcome to discuss this or other appropriate arrangements with Dr. Michael N Dawson. 

----

Please ensure that you have all necessary permits for collecting and shipping samples. Please abide by postal regulations (in most cases, mailing very small quantities of ethanol and 4% formalin is OK when packed appropriately). We encourage you to also deposit specimens in 4% formalin with your regional museum. If your collaboration with REVSYS can be used to leverage additional support from your home institution or national funding agencies that will contribute to your own work and to the REVSYS project please contact us for letters of support.

If you have any questions regarding collaboration on the project or about scyphozoan jellyfishes, please do not hesitate to contact Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu.

''Prepared by M. N Dawson''</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="10008">The aim of this revisionary systematics (REVSYS) project is to gather large amounts of quantitative morphometric data and DNA sequence data from new and existing specimens to generate a robust systematic revision of the three families of semaeostome scyphomedusae: Cyaneidae, Pelagiidae, and Ulmaridae. This revision will provide the basis for organizing and interpreting distributional, ecological, physiological, and other data data in a rigorous, phylogenetically correct manner. As such, it should promote understanding of which jellyfish bloom, and why, including the contribution of invasive species. Important goals of the project are to foster international collaborations that will promote the global community essential for tackling these major environmental issues.

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== '''Overview'''  ==

REVSYS: Rennaissance Taxonomy of Semaeostome Scyphomedusae A Systematic Framework for Understanding Jellyfish Blooms and Invasive Species NSF DEB-0717078 

[[Image:REVSYSfig1.jpg|thumb|right|Scyphomedusae in the families Cyaneidae]]&lt;br&gt; Approximately 63 morphospecies of semaeostome jellyfishes, divided among 19 genera and three families, are currently described world-wide. The low taxonomic diversity purportedly reflects low levels of endemism and a high proportion of cosmopolitan species. However, recent molecular analyses suggest 2-to-10-fold greater species diversity in many genera and changes to long-standing phylogenetic hypotheses, suggesting that there have been major difficulties in inferring the taxonomic significance of historically used morphological features due to a dearth of characters, homoplasy, incorrect assignment of homology, and various other problems. 

Recent quantitative statistical analyses of morphology in several semaeostome genera have, however, revealed that macromorphological features may be more numerous than previously thought. Moreover, most morphological features are variable and many molecularly-inferred species may also be morphologically distinguishable using univariate, multivariate and phylogenetic statistics. Such statistical morphological analyses may therefore contribute to integrative phylogenetics and a renaissance in scyphozoan systematics. 

We propose to extend the developing quantitative and statistical approach to morphological analyses of scyphomedusae in unison with more rigorous multi-locus molecular phylogenetic analyses. Our goals are [i] to generate a robust approach to species identification and description for semaeostomes employing, at least in part, morphological information and [ii] to make the approach accessible to biologists who need accurate identifications in the field. 

'''Our objectives are''': [1] Inventory existing natural history collections of all known species of semaeostomes from diverse geographic locations, including the type localities whenever possible. [2] Use collections to establish methods for collecting data suited to rigorous statistical comparative morphological analyses of medusae. [3] Use existing collections that are suitably preserved to generate a robust phylogeny based on DNA sequencing of 2 mitochondrial and 4 nuclear markers. [4] Integrate morphological and molecular data to [a] identify morphological characters, or suites thereof, that can be used to reliably identify semaeostome species and [b] revise the systematics of species in the three semaeostome families including publishing new species descriptions. [5] Develop tools that use the new systematic framework to improve the accuracy of future systematic research. [6] Make these tools widely available to enable non-specialists to use morphological characters to accurately identify semaeostomes in the field. 

'''Broader impacts:''' Accurate species descriptions are important to many scientific disciplines. Our project will establish methods that will resolve the currently confused systematics of semaeostomes thus providing a robust evolutionary framework for integrative and comparative studies of ecological variation and tools for reliable identification of species causing jellyfish blooms and of invasive species. We will establish widely accessible, easy to use, web-based protocols for identifying semaeostomes including an interactive polychotomous key. The Scyphozoan website will be further developed as the source for gathering and depositing methods, data, and analyses (e.g. spreadsheets, database, digital images, sequence alignments, phylogeny reconstructions, image analysis) pertinent to semaeostome medusae. 

Benefits to society include the provision of information on jellyfish species that is applicable to the management of coastal ecosystems and fisheries, and to the public understanding of the marine environment both domestically and internationally. 

&lt;br&gt; ''Personnel'' 

''PI: Michael N Dawson co-PI: Allen G. Collins Postdoc: Keith M. Bayha Graduate: Liza E. Gomez Daglio''

== Collecting ==
Samples for DNA and morphological analyses are required from each species collected. The following instructions are pertinent to all scyphozoans. Please note that samples for DNA analyses must never be exposed to formalin.

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species).

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water.

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin.

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name.

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge.

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

== Sending Specimens ==
Keep the samples for at least a few weeks after collection to ensure they are well preserved. Please send ethanol-preserved samples for DNA analyses separate from formalin-preserved samples for morphological analyses.

The small vials of 95% ethanol with tissue for DNA analyses can be wrapped in a couple of plastic bags, sealed, put in a padded envelope or box, and mailed safely.

The specimens in 4% formalin should be placed in small, non-breakable (e.g. plastic bag, or plastic bottle), containers with sufficient space to fit the animal and just enough liquid to stop it getting damaged in transit. Remove all air from the container to minimize damage in transit. Make sure the container is well-sealed, then seal it another 3 times in additional bags. Pack the sample with plenty of cushioning inside a box.

Include a note in the box stating the point of origin and destination of the package, and a statement that it is a sample for scientific purposes. This will help it pass through customs easily if the package is checked by a customs officer.

All samples should be mailed to: Dr. Michael N Dawson, School of Natural Sciences, University of California at Merced, PO Box 2039, Merced, CA 95340, phone: (209) 228-4056, fax: (209) 228-4053 

== Taxonomic Scope ==
All species of semaeostome scyphomedusae (and also the derived rhizostomes) plus a small sampling of outgroup taxa including cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. 

== Expenses ==
This projectwill cover moderate costs associated with sampling and shipping specimens. Reimbursement will require original receipts and institutional information for transfer of funds. For more information on reimbursements, please contact Dr. Michael N Dawson. 

== Publications ==
If you make many substantial collections in particular taxonomic groups, we are keen to discuss additional co-authorships on systematic/phylogenetic papers to which those samples contribute significantly. Please feel welcome to discuss this or other appropriate arrangements with Dr. Michael N Dawson. 

----

Please ensure that you have all necessary permits for collecting and shipping samples. Please abide by postal regulations (in most cases, mailing very small quantities of ethanol and 4% formalin is OK when packed appropriately). We encourage you to also deposit specimens in 4% formalin with your regional museum. If your collaboration with REVSYS can be used to leverage additional support from your home institution or national funding agencies that will contribute to your own work and to the REVSYS project please contact us for letters of support.

If you have any questions regarding collaboration on the project or about scyphozoan jellyfishes, please do not hesitate to contact Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu.

''Prepared by M. N Dawson''</text>
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      <comment>[[Rennaissance Taxonomy of Semaeostome Scyphomedusae (REVSYS)]] moved to [[REVSYS]]: Less complicated.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="10008">The aim of this revisionary systematics (REVSYS) project is to gather large amounts of quantitative morphometric data and DNA sequence data from new and existing specimens to generate a robust systematic revision of the three families of semaeostome scyphomedusae: Cyaneidae, Pelagiidae, and Ulmaridae. This revision will provide the basis for organizing and interpreting distributional, ecological, physiological, and other data data in a rigorous, phylogenetically correct manner. As such, it should promote understanding of which jellyfish bloom, and why, including the contribution of invasive species. Important goals of the project are to foster international collaborations that will promote the global community essential for tackling these major environmental issues.

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== '''Overview'''  ==

REVSYS: Rennaissance Taxonomy of Semaeostome Scyphomedusae A Systematic Framework for Understanding Jellyfish Blooms and Invasive Species NSF DEB-0717078 

[[Image:REVSYSfig1.jpg|thumb|right|Scyphomedusae in the families Cyaneidae]]&lt;br&gt; Approximately 63 morphospecies of semaeostome jellyfishes, divided among 19 genera and three families, are currently described world-wide. The low taxonomic diversity purportedly reflects low levels of endemism and a high proportion of cosmopolitan species. However, recent molecular analyses suggest 2-to-10-fold greater species diversity in many genera and changes to long-standing phylogenetic hypotheses, suggesting that there have been major difficulties in inferring the taxonomic significance of historically used morphological features due to a dearth of characters, homoplasy, incorrect assignment of homology, and various other problems. 

Recent quantitative statistical analyses of morphology in several semaeostome genera have, however, revealed that macromorphological features may be more numerous than previously thought. Moreover, most morphological features are variable and many molecularly-inferred species may also be morphologically distinguishable using univariate, multivariate and phylogenetic statistics. Such statistical morphological analyses may therefore contribute to integrative phylogenetics and a renaissance in scyphozoan systematics. 

We propose to extend the developing quantitative and statistical approach to morphological analyses of scyphomedusae in unison with more rigorous multi-locus molecular phylogenetic analyses. Our goals are [i] to generate a robust approach to species identification and description for semaeostomes employing, at least in part, morphological information and [ii] to make the approach accessible to biologists who need accurate identifications in the field. 

'''Our objectives are''': [1] Inventory existing natural history collections of all known species of semaeostomes from diverse geographic locations, including the type localities whenever possible. [2] Use collections to establish methods for collecting data suited to rigorous statistical comparative morphological analyses of medusae. [3] Use existing collections that are suitably preserved to generate a robust phylogeny based on DNA sequencing of 2 mitochondrial and 4 nuclear markers. [4] Integrate morphological and molecular data to [a] identify morphological characters, or suites thereof, that can be used to reliably identify semaeostome species and [b] revise the systematics of species in the three semaeostome families including publishing new species descriptions. [5] Develop tools that use the new systematic framework to improve the accuracy of future systematic research. [6] Make these tools widely available to enable non-specialists to use morphological characters to accurately identify semaeostomes in the field. 

'''Broader impacts:''' Accurate species descriptions are important to many scientific disciplines. Our project will establish methods that will resolve the currently confused systematics of semaeostomes thus providing a robust evolutionary framework for integrative and comparative studies of ecological variation and tools for reliable identification of species causing jellyfish blooms and of invasive species. We will establish widely accessible, easy to use, web-based protocols for identifying semaeostomes including an interactive polychotomous key. The Scyphozoan website will be further developed as the source for gathering and depositing methods, data, and analyses (e.g. spreadsheets, database, digital images, sequence alignments, phylogeny reconstructions, image analysis) pertinent to semaeostome medusae. 

Benefits to society include the provision of information on jellyfish species that is applicable to the management of coastal ecosystems and fisheries, and to the public understanding of the marine environment both domestically and internationally. 

&lt;br&gt; ''Personnel'' 

''PI: Michael N Dawson co-PI: Allen G. Collins Postdoc: Keith M. Bayha Graduate: Liza E. Gomez Daglio''

== Collecting ==
Samples for DNA and morphological analyses are required from each species collected. The following instructions are pertinent to all scyphozoans. Please note that samples for DNA analyses must never be exposed to formalin.

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species).

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water.

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin.

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name.

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge.

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

== Sending Specimens ==
Keep the samples for at least a few weeks after collection to ensure they are well preserved. Please send ethanol-preserved samples for DNA analyses separate from formalin-preserved samples for morphological analyses.

The small vials of 95% ethanol with tissue for DNA analyses can be wrapped in a couple of plastic bags, sealed, put in a padded envelope or box, and mailed safely.

The specimens in 4% formalin should be placed in small, non-breakable (e.g. plastic bag, or plastic bottle), containers with sufficient space to fit the animal and just enough liquid to stop it getting damaged in transit. Remove all air from the container to minimize damage in transit. Make sure the container is well-sealed, then seal it another 3 times in additional bags. Pack the sample with plenty of cushioning inside a box.

Include a note in the box stating the point of origin and destination of the package, and a statement that it is a sample for scientific purposes. This will help it pass through customs easily if the package is checked by a customs officer.

All samples should be mailed to: Dr. Michael N Dawson, School of Natural Sciences, University of California at Merced, PO Box 2039, Merced, CA 95340, phone: (209) 228-4056, fax: (209) 228-4053 

== Taxonomic Scope ==
All species of semaeostome scyphomedusae (and also the derived rhizostomes) plus a small sampling of outgroup taxa including cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. 

== Expenses ==
This projectwill cover moderate costs associated with sampling and shipping specimens. Reimbursement will require original receipts and institutional information for transfer of funds. For more information on reimbursements, please contact Dr. Michael N Dawson. 

== Publications ==
If you make many substantial collections in particular taxonomic groups, we are keen to discuss additional co-authorships on systematic/phylogenetic papers to which those samples contribute significantly. Please feel welcome to discuss this or other appropriate arrangements with Dr. Michael N Dawson. 

----

Please ensure that you have all necessary permits for collecting and shipping samples. Please abide by postal regulations (in most cases, mailing very small quantities of ethanol and 4% formalin is OK when packed appropriately). We encourage you to also deposit specimens in 4% formalin with your regional museum. If your collaboration with REVSYS can be used to leverage additional support from your home institution or national funding agencies that will contribute to your own work and to the REVSYS project please contact us for letters of support.

If you have any questions regarding collaboration on the project or about scyphozoan jellyfishes, please do not hesitate to contact Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu.

''Prepared by M. N Dawson''</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="10029">REVSYS: Rennaissance Taxonomy of Semaeostome Scyphomedusae, a Systematic Framework for Understanding Jellyfish Blooms and Invasive Species NSF DEB-0717078 


== '''Aim''' ==

The aim of this revisionary systematics (REVSYS) project is to gather large amounts of quantitative morphometric data and DNA sequence data from new and existing specimens to generate a robust systematic revision of the three families of semaeostome scyphomedusae: Cyaneidae, Pelagiidae, and Ulmaridae. This revision will provide the basis for organizing and interpreting distributional, ecological, physiological, and other data data in a rigorous, phylogenetically correct manner. As such, it should promote understanding of which jellyfish bloom, and why, including the contribution of invasive species. Important goals of the project are to foster international collaborations that will promote the global community essential for tackling these major environmental issues.

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== '''Overview'''  ==



[[Image:REVSYSfig1.jpg|thumb|right|Scyphomedusae in the families Cyaneidae]]&lt;br&gt; Approximately 63 morphospecies of semaeostome jellyfishes, divided among 19 genera and three families, are currently described world-wide. The low taxonomic diversity purportedly reflects low levels of endemism and a high proportion of cosmopolitan species. However, recent molecular analyses suggest 2-to-10-fold greater species diversity in many genera and changes to long-standing phylogenetic hypotheses, suggesting that there have been major difficulties in inferring the taxonomic significance of historically used morphological features due to a dearth of characters, homoplasy, incorrect assignment of homology, and various other problems. 

Recent quantitative statistical analyses of morphology in several semaeostome genera have, however, revealed that macromorphological features may be more numerous than previously thought. Moreover, most morphological features are variable and many molecularly-inferred species may also be morphologically distinguishable using univariate, multivariate and phylogenetic statistics. Such statistical morphological analyses may therefore contribute to integrative phylogenetics and a renaissance in scyphozoan systematics. 

We propose to extend the developing quantitative and statistical approach to morphological analyses of scyphomedusae in unison with more rigorous multi-locus molecular phylogenetic analyses. Our goals are [i] to generate a robust approach to species identification and description for semaeostomes employing, at least in part, morphological information and [ii] to make the approach accessible to biologists who need accurate identifications in the field. 

'''Our objectives are''': [1] Inventory existing natural history collections of all known species of semaeostomes from diverse geographic locations, including the type localities whenever possible. [2] Use collections to establish methods for collecting data suited to rigorous statistical comparative morphological analyses of medusae. [3] Use existing collections that are suitably preserved to generate a robust phylogeny based on DNA sequencing of 2 mitochondrial and 4 nuclear markers. [4] Integrate morphological and molecular data to [a] identify morphological characters, or suites thereof, that can be used to reliably identify semaeostome species and [b] revise the systematics of species in the three semaeostome families including publishing new species descriptions. [5] Develop tools that use the new systematic framework to improve the accuracy of future systematic research. [6] Make these tools widely available to enable non-specialists to use morphological characters to accurately identify semaeostomes in the field. 

'''Broader impacts:''' Accurate species descriptions are important to many scientific disciplines. Our project will establish methods that will resolve the currently confused systematics of semaeostomes thus providing a robust evolutionary framework for integrative and comparative studies of ecological variation and tools for reliable identification of species causing jellyfish blooms and of invasive species. We will establish widely accessible, easy to use, web-based protocols for identifying semaeostomes including an interactive polychotomous key. The Scyphozoan website will be further developed as the source for gathering and depositing methods, data, and analyses (e.g. spreadsheets, database, digital images, sequence alignments, phylogeny reconstructions, image analysis) pertinent to semaeostome medusae. 

Benefits to society include the provision of information on jellyfish species that is applicable to the management of coastal ecosystems and fisheries, and to the public understanding of the marine environment both domestically and internationally. 

&lt;br&gt; ''Personnel'' 

''PI: Michael N Dawson co-PI: Allen G. Collins Postdoc: Keith M. Bayha Graduate: Liza E. Gomez Daglio''

== Collecting ==
Samples for DNA and morphological analyses are required from each species collected. The following instructions are pertinent to all scyphozoans. Please note that samples for DNA analyses must never be exposed to formalin.

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species).

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water.

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin.

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name.

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge.

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

== Sending Specimens ==
Keep the samples for at least a few weeks after collection to ensure they are well preserved. Please send ethanol-preserved samples for DNA analyses separate from formalin-preserved samples for morphological analyses.

The small vials of 95% ethanol with tissue for DNA analyses can be wrapped in a couple of plastic bags, sealed, put in a padded envelope or box, and mailed safely.

The specimens in 4% formalin should be placed in small, non-breakable (e.g. plastic bag, or plastic bottle), containers with sufficient space to fit the animal and just enough liquid to stop it getting damaged in transit. Remove all air from the container to minimize damage in transit. Make sure the container is well-sealed, then seal it another 3 times in additional bags. Pack the sample with plenty of cushioning inside a box.

Include a note in the box stating the point of origin and destination of the package, and a statement that it is a sample for scientific purposes. This will help it pass through customs easily if the package is checked by a customs officer.

All samples should be mailed to: Dr. Michael N Dawson, School of Natural Sciences, University of California at Merced, PO Box 2039, Merced, CA 95340, phone: (209) 228-4056, fax: (209) 228-4053 

== Taxonomic Scope ==
All species of semaeostome scyphomedusae (and also the derived rhizostomes) plus a small sampling of outgroup taxa including cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. 

== Expenses ==
This projectwill cover moderate costs associated with sampling and shipping specimens. Reimbursement will require original receipts and institutional information for transfer of funds. For more information on reimbursements, please contact Dr. Michael N Dawson. 

== Publications ==
If you make many substantial collections in particular taxonomic groups, we are keen to discuss additional co-authorships on systematic/phylogenetic papers to which those samples contribute significantly. Please feel welcome to discuss this or other appropriate arrangements with Dr. Michael N Dawson. 

----

Please ensure that you have all necessary permits for collecting and shipping samples. Please abide by postal regulations (in most cases, mailing very small quantities of ethanol and 4% formalin is OK when packed appropriately). We encourage you to also deposit specimens in 4% formalin with your regional museum. If your collaboration with REVSYS can be used to leverage additional support from your home institution or national funding agencies that will contribute to your own work and to the REVSYS project please contact us for letters of support.

If you have any questions regarding collaboration on the project or about scyphozoan jellyfishes, please do not hesitate to contact Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu.

''Prepared by M. N Dawson''</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="10027">REVSYS: Rennaissance Taxonomy of Semaeostome Scyphomedusae, a Systematic Framework for Understanding Jellyfish Blooms and Invasive Species NSF DEB-0717078 

[[Image:REVSYSfig1.jpg|thumb|right|Scyphomedusae in the families Cyaneidae]]&lt;br&gt; 
== '''Aim''' ==

The aim of this revisionary systematics (REVSYS) project is to gather large amounts of quantitative morphometric data and DNA sequence data from new and existing specimens to generate a robust systematic revision of the three families of semaeostome scyphomedusae: Cyaneidae, Pelagiidae, and Ulmaridae. This revision will provide the basis for organizing and interpreting distributional, ecological, physiological, and other data data in a rigorous, phylogenetically correct manner. As such, it should promote understanding of which jellyfish bloom, and why, including the contribution of invasive species. Important goals of the project are to foster international collaborations that will promote the global community essential for tackling these major environmental issues.

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== '''Overview'''  ==

Approximately 63 morphospecies of semaeostome jellyfishes, divided among 19 genera and three families, are currently described world-wide. The low taxonomic diversity purportedly reflects low levels of endemism and a high proportion of cosmopolitan species. However, recent molecular analyses suggest 2-to-10-fold greater species diversity in many genera and changes to long-standing phylogenetic hypotheses, suggesting that there have been major difficulties in inferring the taxonomic significance of historically used morphological features due to a dearth of characters, homoplasy, incorrect assignment of homology, and various other problems. 

Recent quantitative statistical analyses of morphology in several semaeostome genera have, however, revealed that macromorphological features may be more numerous than previously thought. Moreover, most morphological features are variable and many molecularly-inferred species may also be morphologically distinguishable using univariate, multivariate and phylogenetic statistics. Such statistical morphological analyses may therefore contribute to integrative phylogenetics and a renaissance in scyphozoan systematics. 

We propose to extend the developing quantitative and statistical approach to morphological analyses of scyphomedusae in unison with more rigorous multi-locus molecular phylogenetic analyses. Our goals are [i] to generate a robust approach to species identification and description for semaeostomes employing, at least in part, morphological information and [ii] to make the approach accessible to biologists who need accurate identifications in the field. 

'''Our objectives are''': [1] Inventory existing natural history collections of all known species of semaeostomes from diverse geographic locations, including the type localities whenever possible. [2] Use collections to establish methods for collecting data suited to rigorous statistical comparative morphological analyses of medusae. [3] Use existing collections that are suitably preserved to generate a robust phylogeny based on DNA sequencing of 2 mitochondrial and 4 nuclear markers. [4] Integrate morphological and molecular data to [a] identify morphological characters, or suites thereof, that can be used to reliably identify semaeostome species and [b] revise the systematics of species in the three semaeostome families including publishing new species descriptions. [5] Develop tools that use the new systematic framework to improve the accuracy of future systematic research. [6] Make these tools widely available to enable non-specialists to use morphological characters to accurately identify semaeostomes in the field. 

'''Broader impacts:''' Accurate species descriptions are important to many scientific disciplines. Our project will establish methods that will resolve the currently confused systematics of semaeostomes thus providing a robust evolutionary framework for integrative and comparative studies of ecological variation and tools for reliable identification of species causing jellyfish blooms and of invasive species. We will establish widely accessible, easy to use, web-based protocols for identifying semaeostomes including an interactive polychotomous key. The Scyphozoan website will be further developed as the source for gathering and depositing methods, data, and analyses (e.g. spreadsheets, database, digital images, sequence alignments, phylogeny reconstructions, image analysis) pertinent to semaeostome medusae. 

Benefits to society include the provision of information on jellyfish species that is applicable to the management of coastal ecosystems and fisheries, and to the public understanding of the marine environment both domestically and internationally. 

&lt;br&gt; ''Personnel'' 

''PI: Michael N Dawson co-PI: Allen G. Collins Postdoc: Keith M. Bayha Graduate: Liza E. Gomez Daglio''

== Collecting ==
Samples for DNA and morphological analyses are required from each species collected. The following instructions are pertinent to all scyphozoans. Please note that samples for DNA analyses must never be exposed to formalin.

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species).

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water.

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin.

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name.

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge.

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

== Sending Specimens ==
Keep the samples for at least a few weeks after collection to ensure they are well preserved. Please send ethanol-preserved samples for DNA analyses separate from formalin-preserved samples for morphological analyses.

The small vials of 95% ethanol with tissue for DNA analyses can be wrapped in a couple of plastic bags, sealed, put in a padded envelope or box, and mailed safely.

The specimens in 4% formalin should be placed in small, non-breakable (e.g. plastic bag, or plastic bottle), containers with sufficient space to fit the animal and just enough liquid to stop it getting damaged in transit. Remove all air from the container to minimize damage in transit. Make sure the container is well-sealed, then seal it another 3 times in additional bags. Pack the sample with plenty of cushioning inside a box.

Include a note in the box stating the point of origin and destination of the package, and a statement that it is a sample for scientific purposes. This will help it pass through customs easily if the package is checked by a customs officer.

All samples should be mailed to: Dr. Michael N Dawson, School of Natural Sciences, University of California at Merced, PO Box 2039, Merced, CA 95340, phone: (209) 228-4056, fax: (209) 228-4053 

== Taxonomic Scope ==
All species of semaeostome scyphomedusae (and also the derived rhizostomes) plus a small sampling of outgroup taxa including cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. 

== Expenses ==
This projectwill cover moderate costs associated with sampling and shipping specimens. Reimbursement will require original receipts and institutional information for transfer of funds. For more information on reimbursements, please contact Dr. Michael N Dawson. 

== Publications ==
If you make many substantial collections in particular taxonomic groups, we are keen to discuss additional co-authorships on systematic/phylogenetic papers to which those samples contribute significantly. Please feel welcome to discuss this or other appropriate arrangements with Dr. Michael N Dawson. 

----

Please ensure that you have all necessary permits for collecting and shipping samples. Please abide by postal regulations (in most cases, mailing very small quantities of ethanol and 4% formalin is OK when packed appropriately). We encourage you to also deposit specimens in 4% formalin with your regional museum. If your collaboration with REVSYS can be used to leverage additional support from your home institution or national funding agencies that will contribute to your own work and to the REVSYS project please contact us for letters of support.

If you have any questions regarding collaboration on the project or about scyphozoan jellyfishes, please do not hesitate to contact Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu.

''Prepared by M. N Dawson''</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="10050">REVSYS: Rennaissance Taxonomy of Semaeostome Scyphomedusae, a Systematic Framework for Understanding Jellyfish Blooms and Invasive Species NSF DEB-0717078 

[[Image:REVSYSfig1.jpg|thumb|right|Scyphomedusae in the families Cyaneidae]]&lt;br&gt; 
== '''Aim''' ==

The aim of this revisionary systematics (REVSYS) project is to gather large amounts of quantitative morphometric data and DNA sequence data from new and existing specimens to generate a robust systematic revision of the three families of semaeostome scyphomedusae: Cyaneidae, Pelagiidae, and Ulmaridae. This revision will provide the basis for organizing and interpreting distributional, ecological, physiological, and other data data in a rigorous, phylogenetically correct manner. As such, it should promote understanding of which jellyfish bloom, and why, including the contribution of invasive species. Important goals of the project are to foster international collaborations that will promote the global community essential for tackling these major environmental issues.

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== '''Overview'''  ==

Approximately 63 morphospecies of semaeostome jellyfishes, divided among 19 genera and three families, are currently described world-wide. The low taxonomic diversity purportedly reflects low levels of endemism and a high proportion of cosmopolitan species. However, recent molecular analyses suggest 2-to-10-fold greater species diversity in many genera and changes to long-standing phylogenetic hypotheses, suggesting that there have been major difficulties in inferring the taxonomic significance of historically used morphological features due to a dearth of characters, homoplasy, incorrect assignment of homology, and various other problems. 

Recent quantitative statistical analyses of morphology in several semaeostome genera have, however, revealed that macromorphological features may be more numerous than previously thought. Moreover, most morphological features are variable and many molecularly-inferred species may also be morphologically distinguishable using univariate, multivariate and phylogenetic statistics. Such statistical morphological analyses may therefore contribute to integrative phylogenetics and a renaissance in scyphozoan systematics. 

We propose to extend the developing quantitative and statistical approach to morphological analyses of scyphomedusae in unison with more rigorous multi-locus molecular phylogenetic analyses. Our goals are [i] to generate a robust approach to species identification and description for semaeostomes employing, at least in part, morphological information and [ii] to make the approach accessible to biologists who need accurate identifications in the field. 

'''Our objectives are''': [1] Inventory existing natural history collections of all known species of semaeostomes from diverse geographic locations, including the type localities whenever possible. [2] Use collections to establish methods for collecting data suited to rigorous statistical comparative morphological analyses of medusae. [3] Use existing collections that are suitably preserved to generate a robust phylogeny based on DNA sequencing of 2 mitochondrial and 4 nuclear markers. [4] Integrate morphological and molecular data to [a] identify morphological characters, or suites thereof, that can be used to reliably identify semaeostome species and [b] revise the systematics of species in the three semaeostome families including publishing new species descriptions. [5] Develop tools that use the new systematic framework to improve the accuracy of future systematic research. [6] Make these tools widely available to enable non-specialists to use morphological characters to accurately identify semaeostomes in the field. 

'''Broader impacts:''' Accurate species descriptions are important to many scientific disciplines. Our project will establish methods that will resolve the currently confused systematics of semaeostomes thus providing a robust evolutionary framework for integrative and comparative studies of ecological variation and tools for reliable identification of species causing jellyfish blooms and of invasive species. We will establish widely accessible, easy to use, web-based protocols for identifying semaeostomes including an interactive polychotomous key. The Scyphozoan website will be further developed as the source for gathering and depositing methods, data, and analyses (e.g. spreadsheets, database, digital images, sequence alignments, phylogeny reconstructions, image analysis) pertinent to semaeostome medusae. 

Benefits to society include the provision of information on jellyfish species that is applicable to the management of coastal ecosystems and fisheries, and to the public understanding of the marine environment both domestically and internationally. 

&lt;br&gt; ''Personnel'' 

''PI: Michael N Dawson co-PI: Allen G. Collins Postdoc: Keith M. Bayha Graduate: Liza E. Gomez Daglio''

== Collecting ==
Samples for DNA and morphological analyses are required from each species collected. The following instructions are pertinent to all scyphozoans. Please note that samples for DNA analyses must never be exposed to formalin.

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species).

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water.

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin.

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name.

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge.

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

== Sending Specimens ==
Keep the samples for at least a few weeks after collection to ensure they are well preserved. Please send ethanol-preserved samples for DNA analyses separate from formalin-preserved samples for morphological analyses.

The small vials of 95% ethanol with tissue for DNA analyses can be wrapped in a couple of plastic bags, sealed, put in a padded envelope or box, and mailed safely.

The specimens in 4% formalin should be placed in small, non-breakable (e.g. plastic bag, or plastic bottle), containers with sufficient space to fit the animal and just enough liquid to stop it getting damaged in transit. Remove all air from the container to minimize damage in transit. Make sure the container is well-sealed, then seal it another 3 times in additional bags. Pack the sample with plenty of cushioning inside a box.

Include a note in the box stating the point of origin and destination of the package, and a statement that it is a sample for scientific purposes. This will help it pass through customs easily if the package is checked by a customs officer.

All samples should be mailed to: Dr. Michael N Dawson, School of Natural Sciences, University of California at Merced, PO Box 2039, Merced, CA 95340, phone: (209) 228-4056, fax: (209) 228-4053 

== Taxonomic Scope ==
All species of semaeostome scyphomedusae (and also the derived rhizostomes) plus a small sampling of outgroup taxa including cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. 

== Expenses ==
This projectwill cover moderate costs associated with sampling and shipping specimens. Reimbursement will require original receipts and institutional information for transfer of funds. For more information on reimbursements, please contact Dr. Michael N Dawson. 

== Publications ==
If you make many substantial collections in particular taxonomic groups, we are keen to discuss additional co-authorships on systematic/phylogenetic papers to which those samples contribute significantly. Please feel welcome to discuss this or other appropriate arrangements with Dr. Michael N Dawson. 

----

Please ensure that you have all necessary permits for collecting and shipping samples. Please abide by postal regulations (in most cases, mailing very small quantities of ethanol and 4% formalin is OK when packed appropriately). We encourage you to also deposit specimens in 4% formalin with your regional museum. If your collaboration with REVSYS can be used to leverage additional support from your home institution or national funding agencies that will contribute to your own work and to the REVSYS project please contact us for letters of support.

If you have any questions regarding collaboration on the project or about scyphozoan jellyfishes, please do not hesitate to contact Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu.

''Prepared by M. N Dawson''

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      <comment>New page: '''Order Rhizostomeae Cuvier 1799'''  ''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)''  Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a cent...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="488">'''Order Rhizostomeae Cuvier 1799'''

''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.

Type = *</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6823">'''Order Rhizostomeae Cuvier 1799'''

''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.

Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (8)''' || '''Genus (26)''' || '''Species (94)[91 morphological + 3 molecular]''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cassiopeidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || ''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''andromeda''(Forskål 1775) *  || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Bermuda (D), Hawaii (D, M), Florida (D), Red Sea (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Florida (D), Panama (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''medusa'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ornata'' Haeckel 1880 || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. 1 Holland et al. (2004) || || align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 2 Holland et al. (2004) || || align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 3 Holland et al. (2004) || || align=&quot;right&quot; | Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D)
|-
| [[Catostylidae]] Gegenbaur 1857 || ''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921 || ''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Acromitus'' Light 1914 || ''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''maculosus'' Light 1914 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tankahkeei'' Light 1924|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824) *|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp; McConnaughey 1966|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''perezi'' Ranson 1945|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''townsendi'' Mayer 1915|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; |Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''viridescens'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Crambione'' Maas 1903 || ''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cooki'' Mayer 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 || ''annandalei'' Rao 1931|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; |Persian Gulf (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 || ''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Cepheidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 || ''Cephea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''cephea'' (Forskål 1775)|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''conifera'' Haeckel 1880|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Stiasny 1937 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Kramp 1958 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 || ''coerulescens''  Maas 1903 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lychnorhizidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 || ''shawi'' Light 1921 * || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Philippines (D, M)
|-
|  || ''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 || ''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''lucerna Haeckel 1880*'' || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 || ''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lobonematidae Stiasny 1921 || ''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 || ''mayeri'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 || ''gracilis'' Light 1914 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''sewelli'' Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Mastigiidae]] Stiasny 1921 || ''Mastigias'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || [[''papua'' (Lesson 1830)*]] || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M), 
|-
|  ||  || ''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''siderea'' Chun 1896 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>418</id>
      <parentid>417</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-20T20:34:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7875">'''Order Rhizostomeae Cuvier 1799'''

''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.

Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (8)''' || '''Genus (26)''' || '''Species (94)[91 morphological + 3 molecular]''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cassiopeidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || ''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''andromeda''(Forskål 1775) *  || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Bermuda (D), Hawaii (D, M), Florida (D), Red Sea (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Florida (D), Panama (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''medusa'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ornata'' Haeckel 1880 || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. 1 Holland et al. (2004) || || align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 2 Holland et al. (2004) || || align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 3 Holland et al. (2004) || || align=&quot;right&quot; | Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D)
|-
| [[Catostylidae]] Gegenbaur 1857 || ''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921 || ''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Acromitus'' Light 1914 || ''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''maculosus'' Light 1914 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tankahkeei'' Light 1924|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824) *|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp; McConnaughey 1966|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''perezi'' Ranson 1945|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''townsendi'' Mayer 1915|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; |Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''viridescens'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Crambione'' Maas 1903 || ''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cooki'' Mayer 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 || ''annandalei'' Rao 1931|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; |Persian Gulf (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 || ''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Cepheidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 || ''Cephea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''cephea'' (Forskål 1775)|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''conifera'' Haeckel 1880|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Stiasny 1937 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Kramp 1958 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 || ''coerulescens''  Maas 1903 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lychnorhizidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 || ''shawi'' Light 1921 * || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Philippines (D, M)
|-
|  || ''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 || ''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''lucerna Haeckel 1880*'' || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 || ''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lobonematidae Stiasny 1921 || ''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 || ''mayeri'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 || ''gracilis'' Light 1914 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''sewelli'' Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Mastigiidae]] Stiasny 1921 || ''Mastigias'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || [[''papua'' (Lesson 1830)*]] || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M), 
|-
|  ||  || ''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''siderea'' Chun 1896 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 || ''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Light 1921) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880)  || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * || || align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
|  || ''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 || ''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) * || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| Rhizostomatidae Cuvier 1799 || Eupilema Haeckel 1880 || ''inexpectata'' Pages Gili &amp; Bouillon 1992 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || [[''Nemopilema'']] Kishinouye 1922 || [[''nomurai'']] (Kishinouye 1922) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 || ''luteum'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1827) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || [[''octopus'']] (Macri 1778) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 || ||align=&quot;right&quot; |China (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp; Ferguson 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Stomolophidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}


See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>425</id>
      <parentid>418</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-20T20:45:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7879">'''Order Rhizostomeae Cuvier 1799'''

''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.

Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (8)''' || '''Genus (26)''' || '''Species (94)[91 morphological + 3 molecular]''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cassiopeidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || ''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''andromeda''(Forskål 1775) *  || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Bermuda (D), Hawaii (D, M), Florida (D), Red Sea (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Florida (D), Panama (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''medusa'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ornata'' Haeckel 1880 || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. 1 Holland et al. (2004) || || align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 2 Holland et al. (2004) || || align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 3 Holland et al. (2004) || || align=&quot;right&quot; | Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D)
|-
| [[Catostylidae]] Gegenbaur 1857 || ''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921 || ''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || [[''Acromitus'']] Light 1914 || ''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''maculosus'' Light 1914 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tankahkeei'' Light 1924|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824) *|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp; McConnaughey 1966|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''perezi'' Ranson 1945|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''townsendi'' Mayer 1915|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; |Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''viridescens'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Crambione'' Maas 1903 || ''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cooki'' Mayer 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 || ''annandalei'' Rao 1931|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; |Persian Gulf (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 || ''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Cepheidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 || ''Cephea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''cephea'' (Forskål 1775)|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''conifera'' Haeckel 1880|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Stiasny 1937 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Kramp 1958 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 || ''coerulescens''  Maas 1903 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lychnorhizidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 || ''shawi'' Light 1921 * || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Philippines (D, M)
|-
|  || ''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 || ''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''lucerna Haeckel 1880*'' || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 || ''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lobonematidae Stiasny 1921 || ''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 || ''mayeri'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 || ''gracilis'' Light 1914 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''sewelli'' Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Mastigiidae]] Stiasny 1921 || ''Mastigias'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || [[''papua'' (Lesson 1830)*]] || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M), 
|-
|  ||  || ''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''siderea'' Chun 1896 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 || ''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Light 1921) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880)  || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * || || align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
|  || ''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 || ''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) * || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| Rhizostomatidae Cuvier 1799 || Eupilema Haeckel 1880 || ''inexpectata'' Pages Gili &amp; Bouillon 1992 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || [[''Nemopilema'']] Kishinouye 1922 || [[''nomurai'']] (Kishinouye 1922) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 || ''luteum'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1827) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || [[''octopus'']] (Macri 1778) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 || ||align=&quot;right&quot; |China (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp; Ferguson 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Stomolophidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}


See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>426</id>
      <parentid>425</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-20T20:46:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7879">'''Order Rhizostomeae Cuvier 1799'''

''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.

Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (8)''' || '''Genus (26)''' || '''Species (94)[91 morphological + 3 molecular]''' ||'''Image''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cassiopeidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || ''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''andromeda''(Forskål 1775) *  || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Bermuda (D), Hawaii (D, M), Florida (D), Red Sea (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Florida (D), Panama (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''medusa'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ornata'' Haeckel 1880 || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. 1 Holland et al. (2004) || || align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 2 Holland et al. (2004) || || align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 3 Holland et al. (2004) || || align=&quot;right&quot; | Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D)
|-
| [[Catostylidae]] Gegenbaur 1857 || ''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921 || ''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 || ''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''maculosus'' Light 1914 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tankahkeei'' Light 1924|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824) *|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp; McConnaughey 1966|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''perezi'' Ranson 1945|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''townsendi'' Mayer 1915|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; |Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''viridescens'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Crambione'' Maas 1903 || ''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cooki'' Mayer 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 || ''annandalei'' Rao 1931|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; |Persian Gulf (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 || ''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Cepheidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 || ''Cephea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''cephea'' (Forskål 1775)|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''conifera'' Haeckel 1880|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Stiasny 1937 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Kramp 1958 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 || ''coerulescens''  Maas 1903 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lychnorhizidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 || ''shawi'' Light 1921 * || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Philippines (D, M)
|-
|  || ''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 || ''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''lucerna Haeckel 1880*'' || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 || ''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lobonematidae Stiasny 1921 || ''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 || ''mayeri'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 || ''gracilis'' Light 1914 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''sewelli'' Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Mastigiidae]] Stiasny 1921 || ''Mastigias'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || [[''papua'' (Lesson 1830)*]] || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M), 
|-
|  ||  || ''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''siderea'' Chun 1896 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 || ''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Light 1921) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880)  || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * || || align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
|  || ''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 || ''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) * || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| Rhizostomatidae Cuvier 1799 || Eupilema Haeckel 1880 || ''inexpectata'' Pages Gili &amp; Bouillon 1992 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Nemopilema]]'' Kishinouye 1922 || [[''nomurai'']] (Kishinouye 1922) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 || ''luteum'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1827) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''[[octopus]]'' (Macri 1778) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 || ||align=&quot;right&quot; |China (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp; Ferguson 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Stomolophidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}


See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>432</id>
      <parentid>426</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-20T20:51:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7873">'''Order Rhizostomeae Cuvier 1799'''

''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.

Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (8)''' || '''Genus (26)''' || '''Species (94)    [91 morphological + 3 molecular]''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cassiopeidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || ''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''andromeda''(Forskål 1775) *  || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Bermuda (D), Hawaii (D, M), Florida (D), Red Sea (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Florida (D), Panama (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''medusa'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ornata'' Haeckel 1880 || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. 1 Holland et al. (2004) || || align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 2 Holland et al. (2004) || || align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 3 Holland et al. (2004) || || align=&quot;right&quot; | Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D)
|-
| [[Catostylidae]] Gegenbaur 1857 || ''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921 || ''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 || ''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''maculosus'' Light 1914 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tankahkeei'' Light 1924|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824) *|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp; McConnaughey 1966|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''perezi'' Ranson 1945|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''townsendi'' Mayer 1915|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; |Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''viridescens'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Crambione'' Maas 1903 || ''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cooki'' Mayer 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 || ''annandalei'' Rao 1931|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; |Persian Gulf (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 || ''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Cepheidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 || ''Cephea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''cephea'' (Forskål 1775)|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''conifera'' Haeckel 1880|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Stiasny 1937 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Kramp 1958 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 || ''coerulescens''  Maas 1903 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lychnorhizidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 || ''shawi'' Light 1921 * || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Philippines (D, M)
|-
|  || ''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 || ''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''lucerna Haeckel 1880*'' || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 || ''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lobonematidae Stiasny 1921 || ''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 || ''mayeri'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 || ''gracilis'' Light 1914 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''sewelli'' Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Mastigiidae]] Stiasny 1921 || ''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || [[''papua'' (Lesson 1830)*]] || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M), 
|-
|  ||  || ''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''siderea'' Chun 1896 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 || ''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Light 1921) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880)  || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * || || align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
|  || ''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 || ''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) * || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| Rhizostomatidae Cuvier 1799 || Eupilema Haeckel 1880 || ''inexpectata'' Pages Gili &amp; Bouillon 1992 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Nemopilema]]'' Kishinouye 1922 || [[''nomurai'']] (Kishinouye 1922) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 || ''luteum'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1827) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''[[octopus]]'' (Macri 1778) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 || ||align=&quot;right&quot; |China (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp; Ferguson 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Stomolophidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}


See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>433</id>
      <parentid>432</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-20T20:52:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7865">'''Order Rhizostomeae Cuvier 1799'''

''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.

Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (8)''' || '''Genus (26)''' || '''Species (94)    [91 morphological + 3 molecular]''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cassiopeidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || ''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''andromeda''(Forskål 1775) * ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Bermuda (D), Hawaii (D, M), Florida (D), Red Sea (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) || align=&quot;right&quot; | Florida (D), Panama (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''medusa'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ornata'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; | Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. 1 Holland et al. (2004) || || align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 2 Holland et al. (2004) || || align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 3 Holland et al. (2004) || || align=&quot;right&quot; | Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D)
|-
| [[Catostylidae]] Gegenbaur 1857 || ''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921 || ''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 || ''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''maculosus'' Light 1914 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tankahkeei'' Light 1924|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824) *|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp; McConnaughey 1966|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''perezi'' Ranson 1945|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''townsendi'' Mayer 1915|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; |Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''viridescens'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Crambione'' Maas 1903 || ''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cooki'' Mayer 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 || ''annandalei'' Rao 1931|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; |Persian Gulf (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 || ''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Cepheidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 || ''Cephea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''cephea'' (Forskål 1775)|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''conifera'' Haeckel 1880|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Stiasny 1937 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Kramp 1958 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 || ''coerulescens''  Maas 1903 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lychnorhizidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 || ''shawi'' Light 1921 * || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Philippines (D, M)
|-
|  || ''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 || ''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''lucerna Haeckel 1880*'' || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 || ''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lobonematidae Stiasny 1921 || ''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 || ''mayeri'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 || ''gracilis'' Light 1914 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''sewelli'' Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Mastigiidae]] Stiasny 1921 || ''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || [[''papua'' (Lesson 1830)*]] || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M), 
|-
|  ||  || ''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''siderea'' Chun 1896 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 || ''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Light 1921) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880)  || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * || || align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
|  || ''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 || ''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) * || ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| Rhizostomatidae Cuvier 1799 || Eupilema Haeckel 1880 || ''inexpectata'' Pages Gili &amp; Bouillon 1992 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Nemopilema]]'' Kishinouye 1922 || [[''nomurai'']] (Kishinouye 1922) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 || ''luteum'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1827) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''[[octopus]]'' (Macri 1778) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 || ||align=&quot;right&quot; |China (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp; Ferguson 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Stomolophidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}


See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>434</id>
      <parentid>433</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-20T20:55:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7837">'''Order Rhizostomeae Cuvier 1799'''

''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.

Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (8)''' || '''Genus (26)''' || '''Species (94)    [91 morphological + 3 molecular]''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cassiopeidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || ''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''andromeda''(Forskål 1775) * ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Bermuda (D), Hawaii (D, M), Florida (D), Red Sea (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) || align=&quot;right&quot; | Florida (D), Panama (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''medusa'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ornata'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; | Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. 1 Holland et al. (2004) || align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 2 Holland et al. (2004) || align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 3 Holland et al. (2004) || align=&quot;right&quot; | Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D)
|-
| [[Catostylidae]] Gegenbaur 1857 || ''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921 || ''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 || ''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''maculosus'' Light 1914 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tankahkeei'' Light 1924|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824) *|| ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp; McConnaughey 1966|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''perezi'' Ranson 1945|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''townsendi'' Mayer 1915|| align=&quot;right&quot; |Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''viridescens'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Crambione'' Maas 1903 || ''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cooki'' Mayer 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 || ''annandalei'' Rao 1931|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |Persian Gulf (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 || ''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Cepheidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 || ''Cephea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''cephea'' (Forskål 1775)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''conifera'' Haeckel 1880|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Stiasny 1937 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Kramp 1958 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 || ''coerulescens''  Maas 1903 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lychnorhizidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 || ''shawi'' Light 1921 * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Philippines (D, M)
|-
|  || ''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 || ''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''lucerna Haeckel 1880*'' || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 || ''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lobonematidae Stiasny 1921 || ''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 || ''mayeri'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 || ''gracilis'' Light 1914 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''sewelli'' Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Mastigiidae]] Stiasny 1921 || ''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || [[''papua'' (Lesson 1830)*]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M), 
|-
|  ||  || ''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''siderea'' Chun 1896 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 || ''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Light 1921) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880)  || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
|  || ''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 || ''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| Rhizostomatidae Cuvier 1799 || Eupilema Haeckel 1880 || ''inexpectata'' Pages Gili &amp; Bouillon 1992 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Nemopilema]]'' Kishinouye 1922 || [[''nomurai'']] (Kishinouye 1922) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 || ''luteum'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1827) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''[[octopus]]'' (Macri 1778) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 || align=&quot;right&quot; |China (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp; Ferguson 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Stomolophidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}


See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>435</id>
      <parentid>434</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-20T20:56:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7835">'''Order Rhizostomeae Cuvier 1799'''

''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.

Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (8)''' || '''Genus (26)''' || '''Species (94)    [91 morphological + 3 molecular]''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cassiopeidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || ''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''andromeda''(Forskål 1775) * ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Bermuda (D), Hawaii (D, M), Florida (D), Red Sea (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) || align=&quot;right&quot; | Florida (D), Panama (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''medusa'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ornata'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; | Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. 1 Holland et al. (2004) || align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 2 Holland et al. (2004) || align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 3 Holland et al. (2004) || align=&quot;right&quot; | Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D)
|-
| [[Catostylidae]] Gegenbaur 1857 || ''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921 || ''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 || ''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''maculosus'' Light 1914 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tankahkeei'' Light 1924|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp; McConnaughey 1966|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''perezi'' Ranson 1945|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''townsendi'' Mayer 1915|| align=&quot;right&quot; |Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''viridescens'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Crambione'' Maas 1903 || ''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cooki'' Mayer 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 || ''annandalei'' Rao 1931|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |Persian Gulf (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 || ''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Cepheidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 || ''Cephea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''cephea'' (Forskål 1775)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''conifera'' Haeckel 1880|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Stiasny 1937 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Kramp 1958 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 || ''coerulescens''  Maas 1903 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lychnorhizidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 || ''shawi'' Light 1921 * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Philippines (D, M)
|-
|  || ''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 || ''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''lucerna Haeckel 1880*'' || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 || ''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lobonematidae Stiasny 1921 || ''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 || ''mayeri'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 || ''gracilis'' Light 1914 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''sewelli'' Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Mastigiidae]] Stiasny 1921 || ''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || [[''papua'' (Lesson 1830)*]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M), 
|-
|  ||  || ''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''siderea'' Chun 1896 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 || ''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Light 1921) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880)  || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
|  || ''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 || ''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| Rhizostomatidae Cuvier 1799 || Eupilema Haeckel 1880 || ''inexpectata'' Pages Gili &amp; Bouillon 1992 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Nemopilema]]'' Kishinouye 1922 || [[''nomurai'']] (Kishinouye 1922) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 || ''luteum'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1827) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''[[octopus]]'' (Macri 1778) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 || align=&quot;right&quot; |China (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp; Ferguson 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Stomolophidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}


See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>436</id>
      <parentid>435</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-20T20:59:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7835">'''Order Rhizostomeae Cuvier 1799'''

''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.

Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (8)''' || '''Genus (26)''' || '''Species (94)    [91 morphological + 3 molecular]''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cassiopeidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || ''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''andromeda''(Forskål 1775) * ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Bermuda (D), Hawaii (D, M), Florida (D), Red Sea (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) || align=&quot;right&quot; | Florida (D), Panama (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''medusa'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ornata'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; | Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. 1 Holland et al. (2004) || align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 2 Holland et al. (2004) || align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 3 Holland et al. (2004) || align=&quot;right&quot; | Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D)
|-
| [[Catostylidae]] Gegenbaur 1857 || ''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921 || ''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 || ''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''maculosus'' Light 1914 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tankahkeei'' Light 1924|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp; McConnaughey 1966|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''perezi'' Ranson 1945|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''townsendi'' Mayer 1915|| align=&quot;right&quot; |Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''viridescens'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Crambione'' Maas 1903 || ''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cooki'' Mayer 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 || ''annandalei'' Rao 1931|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |Persian Gulf (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 || ''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Cepheidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 || ''Cephea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''cephea'' (Forskål 1775)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''conifera'' Haeckel 1880|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Stiasny 1937 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Kramp 1958 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 || ''coerulescens''  Maas 1903 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lychnorhizidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 || ''shawi'' Light 1921 * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Philippines (D, M)
|-
|  || ''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 || ''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''lucerna Haeckel 1880*'' || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 || ''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lobonematidae Stiasny 1921 || ''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 || ''mayeri'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 || ''gracilis'' Light 1914 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''sewelli'' Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Mastigiidae]] Stiasny 1921 || ''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''[[papua]]'' (Lesson 1830)* || align=&quot;right&quot; | Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M), 
|-
|  ||  || ''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''siderea'' Chun 1896 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 || ''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Light 1921) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880)  || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
|  || ''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 || ''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| Rhizostomatidae Cuvier 1799 || Eupilema Haeckel 1880 || ''inexpectata'' Pages Gili &amp; Bouillon 1992 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Nemopilema]]'' Kishinouye 1922 || [[''nomurai'']] (Kishinouye 1922) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 || ''luteum'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1827) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''[[octopus]]'' (Macri 1778) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 || align=&quot;right&quot; |China (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp; Ferguson 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Stomolophidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}


See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>452</id>
      <parentid>436</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-26T17:51:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7851">'''Order Rhizostomeae Cuvier 1799'''

''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.

Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (8)''' || '''Genus (26)''' || '''Species (94)    [91 morphological + 3 molecular]''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cassiopeidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || ''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''andromeda''(Forskål 1775) * ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Bermuda (D), Hawaii (D, M), Florida (D), Red Sea (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) || align=&quot;right&quot; | Florida (D), Panama (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''medusa'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ornata'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; | Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. 1 Holland et al. (2004) || align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 2 Holland et al. (2004) || align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 3 Holland et al. (2004) || align=&quot;right&quot; | Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D)
|-
| [[Catostylidae]] Gegenbaur 1857 || ''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921 || ''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 || ''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''maculosus'' Light 1914 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tankahkeei'' Light 1924|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp; McConnaughey 1966|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''perezi'' Ranson 1945|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''townsendi'' Mayer 1915|| align=&quot;right&quot; |Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''viridescens'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Crambione'' Maas 1903 || ''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cooki'' Mayer 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 || ''annandalei'' Rao 1931|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |Persian Gulf (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 || ''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Cepheidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 || ''Cephea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''cephea'' (Forskål 1775)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''conifera'' Haeckel 1880|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Stiasny 1937 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Kramp 1958 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 || ''coerulescens''  Maas 1903 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lychnorhizidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 || ''shawi'' Light 1921 * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Philippines (D, M)
|-
|  || ''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 || ''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''lucerna Haeckel 1880*'' || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 || ''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lobonematidae Stiasny 1921 || ''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 || ''mayeri'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 || ''gracilis'' Light 1914 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''sewelli'' Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Mastigiidae]] Stiasny 1921 || ''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''[[media:papua.jpg|papua]]'' (Lesson 1830)* || align=&quot;right&quot; | Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M), 
|-
|  ||  || ''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''siderea'' Chun 1896 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 || ''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Light 1921) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880)  || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
|  || ''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 || ''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| Rhizostomatidae Cuvier 1799 || Eupilema Haeckel 1880 || ''inexpectata'' Pages Gili &amp; Bouillon 1992 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Nemopilema]]'' Kishinouye 1922 || [[''nomurai'']] (Kishinouye 1922) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 || ''luteum'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1827) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''[[octopus]]'' (Macri 1778) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 || align=&quot;right&quot; |China (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp; Ferguson 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Stomolophidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}


See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>453</id>
      <parentid>452</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-26T17:52:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7845">'''Order Rhizostomeae Cuvier 1799'''

''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.

Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (8)''' || '''Genus (26)''' || '''Species (94)    [91 morphological + 3 molecular]''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cassiopeidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || ''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''andromeda''(Forskål 1775) * ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Bermuda (D), Hawaii (D, M), Florida (D), Red Sea (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) || align=&quot;right&quot; | Florida (D), Panama (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''medusa'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ornata'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; | Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. 1 Holland et al. (2004) || align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 2 Holland et al. (2004) || align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 3 Holland et al. (2004) || align=&quot;right&quot; | Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D)
|-
| [[Catostylidae]] Gegenbaur 1857 || ''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921 || ''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 || ''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''maculosus'' Light 1914 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tankahkeei'' Light 1924|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp; McConnaughey 1966|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''perezi'' Ranson 1945|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''townsendi'' Mayer 1915|| align=&quot;right&quot; |Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''viridescens'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Crambione'' Maas 1903 || ''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cooki'' Mayer 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 || ''annandalei'' Rao 1931|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |Persian Gulf (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 || ''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Cepheidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 || ''Cephea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''cephea'' (Forskål 1775)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''conifera'' Haeckel 1880|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Stiasny 1937 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Kramp 1958 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 || ''coerulescens''  Maas 1903 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lychnorhizidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 || ''shawi'' Light 1921 * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Philippines (D, M)
|-
|  || ''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 || ''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''lucerna Haeckel 1880*'' || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 || ''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lobonematidae Stiasny 1921 || ''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 || ''mayeri'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 || ''gracilis'' Light 1914 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''sewelli'' Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Mastigiidae]] Stiasny 1921 || ''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''[[media:papua.jpg]]'' (Lesson 1830)* || align=&quot;right&quot; | Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M), 
|-
|  ||  || ''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''siderea'' Chun 1896 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 || ''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Light 1921) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880)  || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
|  || ''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 || ''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| Rhizostomatidae Cuvier 1799 || Eupilema Haeckel 1880 || ''inexpectata'' Pages Gili &amp; Bouillon 1992 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Nemopilema]]'' Kishinouye 1922 || [[''nomurai'']] (Kishinouye 1922) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 || ''luteum'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1827) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''[[octopus]]'' (Macri 1778) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 || align=&quot;right&quot; |China (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp; Ferguson 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Stomolophidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}


See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>454</id>
      <parentid>453</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-10-26T17:52:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7851">'''Order Rhizostomeae Cuvier 1799'''

''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)''

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999)

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.

Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (8)''' || '''Genus (26)''' || '''Species (94)    [91 morphological + 3 molecular]''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cassiopeidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || ''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''andromeda''(Forskål 1775) * ||align=&quot;right&quot; | Bermuda (D), Hawaii (D, M), Florida (D), Red Sea (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) || align=&quot;right&quot; | Florida (D), Panama (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''medusa'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ornata'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; | Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. 1 Holland et al. (2004) || align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 2 Holland et al. (2004) || align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D)
|-
|  ||  || sp. 3 Holland et al. (2004) || align=&quot;right&quot; | Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D)
|-
| [[Catostylidae]] Gegenbaur 1857 || ''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921 || ''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 || ''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''maculosus'' Light 1914 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tankahkeei'' Light 1924|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp; McConnaughey 1966|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''perezi'' Ranson 1945|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''townsendi'' Mayer 1915|| align=&quot;right&quot; |Taiwan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''viridescens'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Crambione'' Maas 1903 || ''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''cooki'' Mayer 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 || ''annandalei'' Rao 1931|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |Persian Gulf (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 || ''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Cepheidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 || ''Cephea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''cephea'' (Forskål 1775)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''conifera'' Haeckel 1880|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Stiasny 1937 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Kramp 1958 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 || ''coerulescens''  Maas 1903 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lychnorhizidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 || ''shawi'' Light 1921 * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Philippines (D, M)
|-
|  || ''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 || ''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''lucerna Haeckel 1880*'' || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 || ''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Lobonematidae Stiasny 1921 || ''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 || ''mayeri'' Light 1914 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 || ''gracilis'' Light 1914 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''sewelli'' Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| [[Mastigiidae]] Stiasny 1921 || ''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''[[media:papua.jpg|papua]]'' (Lesson 1830)* || align=&quot;right&quot; | Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M), 
|-
|  ||  || ''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''siderea'' Chun 1896 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || sp. Rao 1931 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 || ''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Light 1921) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880)  || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
|  || ''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 || ''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| Rhizostomatidae Cuvier 1799 || Eupilema Haeckel 1880 || ''inexpectata'' Pages Gili &amp; Bouillon 1992 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''[[Nemopilema]]'' Kishinouye 1922 || [[''nomurai'']] (Kishinouye 1922) * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 || ''luteum'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1827) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''[[octopus]]'' (Macri 1778) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 || align=&quot;right&quot; |China (D, M)
|-
|  ||  || ''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp; Ferguson 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887) || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| Stomolophidae Haeckel 1880 || ''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 * || align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}


See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>595</id>
      <parentid>454</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:28:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7748">'''Order Rhizostomeae Cuvier 1799''' 

''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)'' 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts. 

----

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. 

Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (8)''' 
| '''Genus (26)''' 
| '''Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cassiopeidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''andromeda''(Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
Bermuda (D), Hawaii (D, M), 

Florida (D), Red Sea (D)

|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Florida (D), Panama (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''medusa'' Light 1914 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ornata'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 Holland et al. (2004) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Queensland (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 Holland et al. (2004) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New Guinea (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 Holland et al. (2004) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D)
|-
| [[Catostylidae]] Gegenbaur 1857 
| ''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921 
| ''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897)
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 
| ''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''maculosus'' Light 1914 *
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''tankahkeei'' Light 1924
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830)
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824) *
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), 

Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)

|-
| 
| 
| ''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888)
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''perezi'' Ranson 1945
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869)
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''townsendi'' Mayer 1915
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880)
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911)
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''viridescens'' (Chun 1896)
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Crambione'' Maas 1903 
| ''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910)
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''cooki'' Mayer 1910
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 *
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 
| ''annandalei'' Rao 1931
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Persian Gulf (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896)
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 
| ''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821) *
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Cepheidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''cephea'' (Forskål 1775)
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''conifera'' Haeckel 1880
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) *
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Stiasny 1937 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Kramp 1958 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 
| ''coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| Lychnorhizidae Haeckel 1880 
| ''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 
| ''shawi'' Light 1921 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Philippines (D, M)
|-
| 
| ''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lucerna Haeckel 1880*'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 
| ''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| Lobonematidae Stiasny 1921 
| ''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 
| ''mayeri'' Light 1914 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 
| ''gracilis'' Light 1914 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''sewelli'' Rao 1931 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Mastigiidae]] Stiasny 1921 
| ''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''[[Media:Papua.jpg|papua]]'' (Lesson 1830)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M),
|-
| 
| 
| ''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''siderea'' Chun 1896 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Rao 1931 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 
| ''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| 
| ''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 
| ''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| Rhizostomatidae Cuvier 1799 
| Eupilema Haeckel 1880 
| ''inexpectata'' Pages Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''[[Nemopilema]]'' Kishinouye 1922 
| [[''nomurai'']] (Kishinouye 1922) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 
| ''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''[[Octopus]]'' (Macri 1778) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | China (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| Stomolophidae Haeckel 1880 
| ''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|}

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>602</id>
      <parentid>595</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:38:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8255">'''Order Rhizostomeae Cuvier 1799''' 

''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)'' 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts. 

----

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. 

Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (8)''' 
| '''Genus (26)''' 
| '''Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cassiopeidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''andromeda''(Forskål 1775) * [[Image:Cass_xamachana.jpg|thumb|left|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
Bermuda (D), Hawaii (D, M), 

Florida (D), Red Sea (D) 

|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Florida (D), Panama (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''medusa'' Light 1914 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ornata'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 Holland et al. (2004) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Queensland (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 Holland et al. (2004) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New Guinea (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 Holland et al. (2004) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D)
|-
| [[Catostylidae]] Gegenbaur 1857 
| ''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921 
| ''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 
| ''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903) [[Image:Acromitus_flag0.JPG|thumb|right|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:Acromitus_flag1.JPG|thumb|left|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''maculosus'' Light 1914 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''tankahkeei'' Light 1924 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824) * [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus_blue.JPG|thumb|left|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]][[Image:CatostylusMosaicus_brn.jpg|thumb|center|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), 

Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M) 

|-
| 
| 
| ''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''perezi'' Ranson 1945 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''townsendi'' Mayer 1915 [[Image:Catostylus_town.jpg|thumb|left|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Crambione'' Maas 1903 
| ''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''cooki'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 
| ''annandalei'' Rao 1931 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Persian Gulf (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 
| ''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Cepheidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''cephea'' (Forskål 1775) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''conifera'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Stiasny 1937 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Kramp 1958 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 
| ''coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| Lychnorhizidae Haeckel 1880 
| ''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 
| ''shawi'' Light 1921 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Philippines (D, M)
|-
| 
| ''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lucerna Haeckel 1880*'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 
| ''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| Lobonematidae Stiasny 1921 
| ''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 
| ''mayeri'' Light 1914 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 
| ''gracilis'' Light 1914 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''sewelli'' Rao 1931 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Mastigiidae]] Stiasny 1921 
| ''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''[[Media:Papua.jpg|papua]]'' (Lesson 1830)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M),
|-
| 
| 
| ''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''siderea'' Chun 1896 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Rao 1931 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 
| ''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| 
| ''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 
| ''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| Rhizostomatidae Cuvier 1799 
| Eupilema Haeckel 1880 
| ''inexpectata'' Pages Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''[[Nemopilema]]'' Kishinouye 1922 
| [[''nomurai'']] (Kishinouye 1922) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 
| ''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''[[Octopus]]'' (Macri 1778) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | China (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| Stomolophidae Haeckel 1880 
| ''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|}

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>629</id>
      <parentid>602</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T09:57:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8223">'''Order Rhizostomeae Cuvier 1799''' 

''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)'' 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts. 

----

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. 

Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (8)''' 
| '''Genus (26)''' 
| '''Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cassiopeidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''andromeda''(Forskål 1775) * [[Image:Cass_xamachana.jpg|thumb|left|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
Bermuda (D), Hawaii (D, M), 

Florida (D), Red Sea (D) 

|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Florida (D), Panama (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''medusa'' Light 1914 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ornata'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 Holland et al. (2004) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Queensland (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 Holland et al. (2004) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New Guinea (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 Holland et al. (2004) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D)
|-
| [[Catostylidae]] Gegenbaur 1857 
| ''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921 
| ''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 
| ''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903) [[Image:Acromitus_flag0.JPG|thumb|right|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:Acromitus_flag1.JPG|thumb|left|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''maculosus'' Light 1914 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''tankahkeei'' Light 1924 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824) * [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus_blue.JPG|thumb|left|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]][[Image:CatostylusMosaicus_brn.jpg|thumb|center|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), 

Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M) 

|-
| 
| 
| ''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''perezi'' Ranson 1945 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''townsendi'' Mayer 1915 [[Image:Catostylus_town.jpg|thumb|left|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Crambione'' Maas 1903 
| ''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''cooki'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 
| ''annandalei'' Rao 1931 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Persian Gulf (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 
| ''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Cepheidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''cephea'' (Forskål 1775) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''conifera'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Stiasny 1937 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Kramp 1958 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 
| ''coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| Lychnorhizidae Haeckel 1880 
| ''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 
| ''shawi'' Light 1921 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Philippines (D, M)
|-
| 
| ''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lucerna Haeckel 1880*'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 
| ''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| Lobonematidae Stiasny 1921 
| ''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 
| ''mayeri'' Light 1914 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 
| ''gracilis'' Light 1914 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''sewelli'' Rao 1931 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Mastigiidae]] Stiasny 1921 
| ''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''papua'' (Lesson 1830)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M),
|-
| 
| 
| ''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''siderea'' Chun 1896 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Rao 1931 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 
| ''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| 
| ''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 
| ''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| Rhizostomatidae Cuvier 1799 
| Eupilema Haeckel 1880 
| ''inexpectata'' Pages Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Nemopilema'' Kishinouye 1922 
| ''nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 
| ''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | China (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| Stomolophidae Haeckel 1880 
| ''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|}

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>792</id>
      <parentid>629</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T10:36:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9263">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt;

== &lt;br&gt; Rhizostomeae Species &lt;br&gt; ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:'''&lt;br&gt;

'''Family (8)'''&lt;br&gt;

*Genus (26)&lt;br&gt;

#Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Cassiopeidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  ===

*''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 [[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]]

#''andromeda''(Forskål 1775; Bermuda (D); Hawaii (D, M); Florida (D), Red Sea (D)) *&amp;nbsp;
#''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 
#''frondosa''
#''medusa'' Light 1914
#''mertensi'' Brandt 1838
#''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899
#''ornata'' Haeckel 1880; Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M) 
#''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 
#''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922
#sp. 1 (Holland et al. 2004; Queensland (D))
#sp. 2 (Holland et al. 2004; New Guinea (D))
#sp. 3 (Holland et al. 2004; Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D))

{| border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;width: 588px; height: 3572px;&quot;
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| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
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| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
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| 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
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| 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
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| 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Catostylidae]] Gegenbaur 1857 
| ''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921 
| ''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 
| ''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903) [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|right|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|left|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''maculosus'' Light 1914 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''tankahkeei'' Light 1924 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824) * [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|left|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]][[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|center|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), 

Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M) 

|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''perezi'' Ranson 1945 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''townsendi'' Mayer 1915 [[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|left|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Crambione'' Maas 1903 
| ''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''cooki'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 
| ''annandalei'' Rao 1931 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Persian Gulf (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 
| ''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| [[Cepheidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''cephea'' (Forskål 1775) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''conifera'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. Stiasny 1937 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. Kramp 1958 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 
| ''coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| Lychnorhizidae Haeckel 1880 
| ''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 
| ''shawi'' Light 1921 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Philippines (D, M)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''lucerna Haeckel 1880*'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 
| ''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| Lobonematidae Stiasny 1921 
| ''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 
| ''mayeri'' Light 1914 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 
| ''gracilis'' Light 1914 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''sewelli'' Rao 1931 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| [[Mastigiidae]] Stiasny 1921 
| ''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''papua'' (Lesson 1830)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M),
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''siderea'' Chun 1896 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. Rao 1931 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 
| ''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 
| ''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| Rhizostomatidae Cuvier 1799 
| Eupilema Haeckel 1880 
| ''inexpectata'' Pages Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Nemopilema'' Kishinouye 1922 
| ''nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 
| ''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | China (D, M)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| Stomolophidae Haeckel 1880 
| ''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|}

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>793</id>
      <parentid>792</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T10:41:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9456">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== &lt;br&gt; Rhizostomeae Species &lt;br&gt;  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:'''&lt;br&gt; 

'''Family (8)'''&lt;br&gt; 

*Genus (26)&lt;br&gt;

#Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 [[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]] 
**''andromeda''(Forskål 1775; Bermuda (D); Hawaii (D, M); Florida (D), Red Sea (D)) *&amp;nbsp; 
**''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''frondosa'' 
**''medusa'' Light 1914 
**''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 
**''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899 
**''ornata'' Haeckel 1880; Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M) 
**''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 
**sp. 1 (Holland et al. 2004; Queensland (D)) 
**sp. 2 (Holland et al. 2004; New Guinea (D)) 
**sp. 3 (Holland et al. 2004; Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D))



=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

Gegenbaur 1857 

''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921

#''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
#''stiphropterus''
#''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)

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|-
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|-
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|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 
| [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|right|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|left|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''maculosus'' Light 1914 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''tankahkeei'' Light 1924 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824) * [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|left|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]][[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|center|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), 

Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M) 

|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''perezi'' Ranson 1945 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''townsendi'' Mayer 1915 [[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|left|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Crambione'' Maas 1903 
| ''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''cooki'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 
| ''annandalei'' Rao 1931 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Persian Gulf (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 
| ''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| [[Cepheidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''cephea'' (Forskål 1775) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''conifera'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| sp. Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| sp. Stiasny 1937 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| sp. Kramp 1958 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 
| ''coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| Lychnorhizidae Haeckel 1880 
| ''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 
| ''shawi'' Light 1921 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Philippines (D, M)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''lucerna Haeckel 1880*'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 
| ''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| Lobonematidae Stiasny 1921 
| ''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 
| ''mayeri'' Light 1914 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 
| ''gracilis'' Light 1914 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''sewelli'' Rao 1931 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| [[Mastigiidae]] Stiasny 1921 
| ''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''papua'' (Lesson 1830)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M),
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''siderea'' Chun 1896 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| sp. Rao 1931 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 
| ''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 
| ''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| Rhizostomatidae Cuvier 1799 
| Eupilema Haeckel 1880 
| ''inexpectata'' Pages Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Nemopilema'' Kishinouye 1922 
| ''nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 
| ''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | China (D, M)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| Stomolophidae Haeckel 1880 
| ''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|}

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>794</id>
      <parentid>793</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T10:50:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8171">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== &lt;br&gt; Rhizostomeae Species &lt;br&gt;  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:'''&lt;br&gt; 

'''Family (8)'''&lt;br&gt; 

*Genus (26)&lt;br&gt;

#Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cassiopea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) [[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]] 
**''andromeda'' (Forskål 1775; Bermuda (D); Hawaii (D, M); Florida (D), Red Sea (D)) *&amp;nbsp; 
**''depressa'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''frondosa'' 
**''medusa'' (Light 1914) 
**''mertensi'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''ndrosia'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''ornata'' (Haeckel 1880; Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)) 
**''picta'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''vanderhorsti'' (Stiasny 1922) 
**sp. 1 (Holland et al. 2004; Queensland (D)) 
**sp. 2 (Holland et al. 2004; New Guinea (D)) 
**sp. 3 (Holland et al. 2004; Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D))

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

Gegenbaur 1857 

''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921 

#''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
#''stiphropterus''&lt;br&gt;

*''[[Acromitus]]'' (Light 1914) [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|right|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|right|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]

#''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903; Taiwan (D) )&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;
#''hardenbergi'' (Stiasny 1934) 
#''maculosus'' (Light 1914)* 
#''rabanchatu'' (Annandale 1915) 
#''tankahkeei'' (Light 1924)

*''[[Catostylus]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) &lt;br&gt;

#''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) &lt;br&gt;
#''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824; Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M) ) * ''ornatellus''
#''ouwensi''
#''perezi'' (Ranson 1945) 
#''tagi''
#''townsendi'' (Mayer 1915; Taiwan (D)) 
#''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
#''turgescens''
#''viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
#[[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]][[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]]

{| border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;width: 588px; height: 3572px;&quot;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Crambione'' Maas 1903 
| ''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''cooki'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 
| ''annandalei'' Rao 1931 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Persian Gulf (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 
| ''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| [[Cepheidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''cephea'' (Forskål 1775) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''conifera'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| sp. Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| sp. Stiasny 1937 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| sp. Kramp 1958 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 
| ''coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| Lychnorhizidae Haeckel 1880 
| ''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 
| ''shawi'' Light 1921 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Philippines (D, M)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''lucerna Haeckel 1880*'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 
| ''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| Lobonematidae Stiasny 1921 
| ''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 
| ''mayeri'' Light 1914 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 
| ''gracilis'' Light 1914 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''sewelli'' Rao 1931 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| [[Mastigiidae]] Stiasny 1921 
| ''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''papua'' (Lesson 1830)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M),
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''siderea'' Chun 1896 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| sp. Rao 1931 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 
| ''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 
| ''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| Rhizostomatidae Cuvier 1799 
| Eupilema Haeckel 1880 
| ''inexpectata'' Pages Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Nemopilema'' Kishinouye 1922 
| ''nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 
| ''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | China (D, M)
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| Stomolophidae Haeckel 1880 
| ''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|}

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>795</id>
      <parentid>794</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T11:07:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5249">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== &lt;br&gt; Rhizostomeae Species &lt;br&gt;  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:'''&lt;br&gt; 

'''Family (8)'''&lt;br&gt; 

*Genus (26)&lt;br&gt;

#Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cassiopea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) [[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]] 
**''andromeda'' (Forskål 1775; Bermuda (D); Hawaii (D, M); Florida (D), Red Sea (D)) *&amp;nbsp; 
**''depressa'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''frondosa'' 
**''medusa'' (Light 1914) 
**''mertensi'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''ndrosia'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''ornata'' (Haeckel 1880; Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)) 
**''picta'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''vanderhorsti'' (Stiasny 1922) 
**sp. 1 (Holland et al. 2004; Queensland (D)) 
**sp. 2 (Holland et al. 2004; New Guinea (D)) 
**sp. 3 (Holland et al. 2004; Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D))

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

Gegenbaur 1857 

''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921 

#''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
#''stiphropterus''&lt;br&gt;

*''[[Acromitus]]'' (Light 1914) [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|right|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|right|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]

#''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903; Taiwan (D) )&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt; 
#''hardenbergi'' (Stiasny 1934) 
#''maculosus'' (Light 1914)* 
#''rabanchatu'' (Annandale 1915) 
#''tankahkeei'' (Light 1924)

*''[[Catostylus]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) &lt;br&gt;

#''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) &lt;br&gt; 
#''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824; Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M) ) * ''ornatellus'' 
#''ouwensi'' 
#''perezi'' (Ranson 1945) 
#''tagi'' 
#''townsendi'' (Mayer 1915; Taiwan (D)) 
#''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
#''turgescens'' 
#''viridescens''&lt;br&gt;

*''Crambione''&lt;br&gt;

#''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910)&lt;br&gt;
#''cooki''&lt;br&gt;
#''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 *''[[Crambionella|Crambionella]]''&lt;br&gt;

*''[[Crambionella]]''&lt;br&gt;

#''annandalei''&lt;br&gt;
#''orsini''&lt;br&gt;
#''stuhlmanni''&lt;br&gt;

*''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838

#''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821) *[[Cepheidae|Cepheidae]]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Cepheidae]] &lt;br&gt; ===

L. Agassiz 1862[[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]

*''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 &lt;br&gt;

#''cephea'' (Forskål 1775; Palau (D), Kwajalein (D))
#''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 &lt;br&gt;
#''conifera'' Haeckel 1880 &lt;br&gt;
#''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) *&lt;br&gt;
#sp. Mayer 1915 &lt;br&gt;
#sp. Stiasny 1937&lt;br&gt;
#sp. Kramp 1958[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]]

*''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;

#''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880&amp;nbsp;
#''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
#''pacifica'' 
#''tuberculata''

*''Netrostoma''

#''coerulescens'' Maas 1903
#''dumokuroa''
#''setouchianum''
#''typhlodendrium''

*''Polyrhiza''

#''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) *



=== Lychnorhizidae&amp;nbsp; ===

Haeckel 1880

*''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921

#''shawi'' Light 1921; Philippines (D, M) *

*''Lychnorhiza''

#''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
#''l''''ucerna Haeckel 1880
#''malayensis''

*''Pseudorhiza''

#''aurosa''
#''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 
#

=== Lobonematidae  ===



*''Lobonema''

#''mayeri'' Light 1914 
#''smithi'' Mayer 1910 *

*''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914

#''gracilis''
#''robustus''
#''sewelli'' Rao 1931 [[Mastigiidae|Mastigiidae]]



=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

Stiasny 1921

*''[[Mastigias]]''

#''albipunctatus''
#''andersoni''
#''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888)
#''ocellatus''
#''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880
#''papua''
#''roseus''
#''siderea'' Chun 1896 
#sp. Rao 1931 

*''Mastigietta''

#''palmipes''

*''Phyllorhiza''

#''luzoni'' Mayer 1915
#''pacifica'' (Light 1921)
#''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990
#''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 *

*''Thysanostoma''

#''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880)
#''loriferum''
#''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880; Palau (D) *

*''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961

#''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903; Palau (D)) *



=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

Cuvier 1799 

*Eupilema Haeckel 1880

#''inexpectata'' Pages Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
#''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 *

*''Nemopilema'' Kishinouye 1922

#''nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922) *

*''Rhizostoma''

#''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
#''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
#''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)*

*''Rhopilema''

#''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891; China (D, M)
#''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
#''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990
#''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
#''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)



=== Stomolophidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862

#''fritillarius''
#''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>796</id>
      <parentid>795</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T11:12:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5362">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== &lt;br&gt; Rhizostomeae Species &lt;br&gt;  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:'''&lt;br&gt; 

'''Family (8)'''&lt;br&gt; 

*Genus (26)&lt;br&gt;

#Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cassiopea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) [[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]] 
**''andromeda'' (Forskål 1775; Bermuda (D); Hawaii (D, M); Florida (D), Red Sea (D)) *&amp;nbsp; 
**''depressa'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''frondosa'' 
**''medusa'' (Light 1914) 
**''mertensi'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''ndrosia'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''ornata'' (Haeckel 1880; Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)) 
**''picta'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''vanderhorsti'' (Stiasny 1922) 
**sp. 1 (Holland et al. 2004; Queensland (D)) 
**sp. 2 (Holland et al. 2004; New Guinea (D)) 
**sp. 3 (Holland et al. 2004; Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D))

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

Gegenbaur 1857 

''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921 

#''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
#''stiphropterus''&lt;br&gt;

*''[[Acromitus]]'' (Light 1914) [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|right|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|right|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]

**''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903; Taiwan (D) )&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt; 
**''hardenbergi'' (Stiasny 1934) 
**''maculosus'' (Light 1914)* 
**''rabanchatu'' (Annandale 1915) 
**''tankahkeei'' (Light 1924)
*''[[Catostylus]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) &lt;br&gt;
**''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) &lt;br&gt; 
**''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824; Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M) ) * ''ornatellus'' 
**''ouwensi'' 
**''perezi'' (Ranson 1945) 
**''tagi'' 
**''townsendi'' (Mayer 1915; Taiwan (D)) 
**''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''turgescens'' 
**''viridescens''&lt;br&gt;

*''Crambione''&lt;br&gt;
**''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910)&lt;br&gt; 
**''cooki''&lt;br&gt; 
**''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 *''[[Crambionella|Crambionella]]''&lt;br&gt;

*''[[Crambionella]]''&lt;br&gt;
**''annandalei''&lt;br&gt; 
**''orsini''&lt;br&gt; 
**''stuhlmanni''&lt;br&gt;

*''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838
**''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821) *[[Cepheidae|Cepheidae]]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cepheidae]] &lt;br&gt;  ===

L. Agassiz 1862[[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 

*''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 &lt;br&gt;
**''cephea'' (Forskål 1775; Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)) 
**''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 &lt;br&gt; 
**''conifera'' Haeckel 1880 &lt;br&gt; 
**''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) *&lt;br&gt; 
**sp. Mayer 1915 &lt;br&gt; 
**sp. Stiasny 1937&lt;br&gt; 
**sp. Kramp 1958[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]]

*''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;
**''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880&amp;nbsp; 
**''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
**''pacifica'' 
**''tuberculata''

*''Netrostoma''
**''coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
**''dumokuroa'' 
**''setouchianum'' 
**''typhlodendrium''

*''Polyrhiza''
**''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) *

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Lychnorhizidae&amp;nbsp;  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921
**''shawi'' Light 1921; Philippines (D, M) *

*''Lychnorhiza''
**''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
**''l''''ucerna Haeckel 1880 
**''malayensis''

*''Pseudorhiza''
**''aurosa'' 
**''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 
&lt;br&gt;
=== Lobonematidae  ===

*''Lobonema''
**''mayeri'' Light 1914 
**''smithi'' Mayer 1910 *

*''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914
**''gracilis'' 
**''robustus'' 
**''sewelli'' Rao 1931 [[Mastigiidae|Mastigiidae]]

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''[[Mastigias]]''
**''albipunctatus'' 
**''andersoni'' 
**''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ocellatus'' 
**''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''papua'' 
**''roseus'' 
**''siderea'' Chun 1896 
**sp. Rao 1931

*''Mastigietta''
**''palmipes''

*''Phyllorhiza''
**''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
**''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
**''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 *

*''Thysanostoma''
**''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''loriferum'' 
**''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880; Palau (D) *

*''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961
**''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903; Palau (D)) *

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

Cuvier 1799 

*Eupilema Haeckel 1880
**''inexpectata'' Pages Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
**''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 *

*''Nemopilema'' Kishinouye 1922
**''nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922) *

*''Rhizostoma''
**''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)*

*''Rhopilema''
**''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891; China (D, M) 
**''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
**''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Stomolophidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862
**''fritillarius'' 
**''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>797</id>
      <parentid>796</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T11:20:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5325">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== &lt;br&gt; Rhizostomeae Species &lt;br&gt;  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:'''&lt;br&gt; 

'''Family (8)'''&lt;br&gt; 

*Genus (26)&lt;br&gt; 
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cassiopea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) [[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]] 
**''andromeda'' (Forskål 1775; Bermuda (D); Hawaii (D, M); Florida (D), Red Sea (D)) *&amp;nbsp; 
**''depressa'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''frondosa'' 
**''medusa'' (Light 1914) 
**''mertensi'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''ndrosia'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''ornata'' (Haeckel 1880; Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)) 
**''picta'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''vanderhorsti'' (Stiasny 1922) 
**sp. 1 (Holland et al. 2004; Queensland (D)) 
**sp. 2 (Holland et al. 2004; New Guinea (D)) 
**sp. 3 (Holland et al. 2004; Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D))

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

Gegenbaur 1857 

''Acromitoides'' (Stiasny 1921) 

#''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
#''stiphropterus''&lt;br&gt;

*''[[Acromitus]]'' (Light 1914) [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|right|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|right|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]

**''flagellatus'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903; Taiwan (D) )&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt; 
**''hardenbergi'' (Stiasny 1934) 
**''maculosus'' (Light 1914)* 
**''rabanchatu'' (Annandale 1915) 
**''tankahkeei'' (Light 1924) 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) &lt;br&gt; 
**''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) &lt;br&gt; 
**''mosaicus'' ('''pictured'''
**''ornatellus'' 
**''ouwensi'' 
**''perezi'' (Ranson 1945) 
**''tagi'' 
**''townsendi'' ('''pictured''', Mayer 1915; Taiwan (D)) 
**''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''turgescens'' 
**''viridescens''&lt;br&gt;

*''Crambione''&lt;br&gt; 
**''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910)&lt;br&gt; 
**''cooki''&lt;br&gt; 
**''mastigophora'' (Maas 1903 *)&lt;br&gt;

*''[[Crambionella]]''&lt;br&gt; 
**''annandalei''&lt;br&gt; 
**''orsini''&lt;br&gt; 
**''stuhlmanni''&lt;br&gt;

*''Leptobrachia'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] ===



=== [[Cepheidae]]&amp;nbsp;  ===

L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cephea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) &lt;br&gt; 
**''cephea'' (Forskål 1775; Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)) 
**''coerulea'' (Vanhöffen 1902) &lt;br&gt; 
**''conifera'' (Haeckel 1880) &lt;br&gt; 
**''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)*&lt;br&gt; 
**sp. (Mayer 1915) &lt;br&gt; 
**sp. (Stiasny 1937)&lt;br&gt; 
**sp. (Kramp 1958)[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]]

*''Cotylorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) &lt;br&gt; 
**''ambulacrata'' (Haeckel 1880)&amp;nbsp; 
**''erythraea'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''pacifica'' 
**''tuberculata''

*''Netrostoma'' 
**''coerulescens'' (Maas 1903) 
**''dumokuroa'' 
**''setouchianum'' 
**''typhlodendrium''

*''Polyrhiza'' 
**''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Lychnorhizidae&amp;nbsp;  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Anomalorhiza'' (Light 1921) 
**''shawi'' (Light 1921; Philippines (D, M)) *

*''Lychnorhiza'' 
**''arubae'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''l'''ucerna (Haeckel 1880) 
**''malayensis''

*''Pseudorhiza'' 
**''aurosa'' 
**''haeckeli'' (Haacke 1884)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Lobonematidae  ===

*''Lobonema'' 
**''mayeri'' (Light 1914) 
**''smithi'' (Mayer 1910)*

*''Lobonemoides'' (Light 1914) 
**''gracilis'' 
**''robustus'' 
**''sewelli'' (Rao 1931)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' 
**''albipunctatus'' 
**''andersoni'' 
**''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ocellatus'' 
**''pantherinus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''papua'' 
**''roseus'' 
**''siderea'' (Chun 1896) 
**sp. (Rao 1931)

*''Mastigietta'' 
**''palmipes''

*''Phyllorhiza'' 
**''luzoni'' (Mayer 1915) 
**''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''peronlesueuri'' (Goy 1990) 
**''punctata'' (von Lendenfeld 1884)*

*''Thysanostoma'' 
**''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''loriferum'' 
**''thysanura'' (Haeckel 1880; Palau (D))*

*''Versuriga'' (Kramp 1961) 
**''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903; Palau (D)) *

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

Cuvier 1799 

*Eupilema (Haeckel 1880) 
**''inexpectata'' (Pages Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992) 
**''scapulare'' (Haeckel 1880)*

*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922) 
**''nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922)*

*''Rhizostoma'' 
**''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)*

*''Rhopilema'' 
**''esculentum'' (Kishinouye 1891; China (D, M)) 
**''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''nomadica'' (Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990) 
**''rhopalophorum'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Stomolophidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Stomolophus'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''fritillarius'' 
**''meleagris'' (L. Agassiz 1862)*

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>809</id>
      <parentid>797</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T21:56:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5764">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)'''

*Genus (26)
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

(L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cassiopea'' (Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810) [[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]] 
**''andromeda'' (Forskål 1775, Bermuda (D); Hawaii (D, M); Florida (D), Red Sea (D)) 
**''depressa'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774, Florida (D), Panama (D))
**''medusa'' (Light 1914) 
**''mertensi'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''ndrosia'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''ornata'' (Haeckel 1880, Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)) 
**''picta'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''vanderhorsti'' (Stiasny 1922) 
**sp. 1 (Holland et al. 2004; Queensland (D)) 
**sp. 2 (Holland et al. 2004; New Guinea (D)) 
**sp. 3 (Holland et al. 2004; Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D))


=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

(Gegenbaur 1857) 

*''Acromitoides''(Stiasny 1921) 
**''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897)
*''[[Acromitus]]'' (Light 1914) [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|right|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|right|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
**''flagellatus'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903, Taiwan (D))
**''hardenbergi'' (Stiasny 1934) 
**''maculosus'' (Light 1914)* 
**''rabanchatu'' (Annandale 1915) 
**''tankahkeei'' (Light 1924) 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862)
**''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830)
**''mosaicus'' ('''pictured''', Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824*, Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)) 
**''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ouwensi'' (Moestafa &amp; McConnaughey 1966)
**''perezi'' (Ranson 1945) 
**''tagi'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1869)
**''townsendi'' ('''pictured''', Mayer 1915, Taiwan (D)) 
**''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911)
**''viridescens'' (Chun 1896)
*''Crambione'' (Maas 1903) 
**''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910)
**''cooki'' (Mayer 1910)
**''mastigophora'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903)*
*''[[Crambionella]]'' (Stiasny 1921) 
**''annandalei'' (Rao 1931) 
**''orsini'' ('''pictured''', Vanhöffen 1888, Persian Gulf (D))* 
**''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896)
*''Leptobrachia'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*

[[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 


=== [[Cepheidae]] ===

(L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cephea'' (Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810) 
**''cephea'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)) 
**''coerulea'' (Vanhöffen 1902)  
**''conifera'' (Haeckel 1880)  
**''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**sp. (Mayer 1915) 
**sp. (Stiasny 1937) 
**sp. (Kramp 1958)[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]]
*''Cotylorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''ambulacrata'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''erythraea'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''pacifica'' (Mayer 1915)
**''tuberculata'' ('''pictured''', Macri 1778)*
*''Netrostoma'' (L.S. Schultze 1898)
**''coerulescens'' (Maas 1903) 
**''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899)
**''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902)
**''typhlodendrium'' (L.S. Schultze 1898)*
*''Polyrhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862)
**''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae ===
(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Anomalorhiza'' (Light 1921) 
**''shawi'' (Light 1921, Philippines (D, M))*
*''Lychnorhiza'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''arubae'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''lucerna'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880) 
**''malayensis'' (Stiasny 1920)
*''Pseudorhiza'' (von Lendenfeld 1882)
**''aurosa'' (von Lendenfeld 1882 *)
**''haeckeli'' (Haacke 1884)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Lobonematidae  ===

*''Lobonema'' 
**''mayeri'' (Light 1914) 
**''smithi'' (Mayer 1910)*

*''Lobonemoides'' (Light 1914) 
**''gracilis'' 
**''robustus'' 
**''sewelli'' (Rao 1931)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' 
**''albipunctatus'' 
**''andersoni'' 
**''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ocellatus'' 
**''pantherinus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''papua'' 
**''roseus'' 
**''siderea'' (Chun 1896) 
**sp. (Rao 1931)

*''Mastigietta'' 
**''palmipes''

*''Phyllorhiza'' 
**''luzoni'' (Mayer 1915) 
**''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''peronlesueuri'' (Goy 1990) 
**''punctata'' (von Lendenfeld 1884)*

*''Thysanostoma'' 
**''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''loriferum'' 
**''thysanura'' (Haeckel 1880; Palau (D))*

*''Versuriga'' (Kramp 1961) 
**''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903; Palau (D)) *

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

Cuvier 1799 

*Eupilema (Haeckel 1880) 
**''inexpectata'' (Pages Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992) 
**''scapulare'' (Haeckel 1880)*

*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922) 
**''nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922)*

*''Rhizostoma'' 
**''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)*

*''Rhopilema'' 
**''esculentum'' (Kishinouye 1891; China (D, M)) 
**''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''nomadica'' (Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990) 
**''rhopalophorum'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

&lt;br&gt; 

=== Stomolophidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Stomolophus'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''fritillarius'' 
**''meleagris'' (L. Agassiz 1862)*

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>810</id>
      <parentid>809</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T22:07:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6120">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)'''

*Genus (26)
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===
(L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cassiopea'' (Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810) [[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]] 
**''andromeda'' (Forskål 1775, Bermuda (D); Hawaii (D, M); Florida (D), Red Sea (D)) 
**''depressa'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774, Florida (D), Panama (D))
**''medusa'' (Light 1914) 
**''mertensi'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''ndrosia'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''ornata'' (Haeckel 1880, Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)) 
**''picta'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''vanderhorsti'' (Stiasny 1922) 
**sp. 1 (Holland et al. 2004; Queensland (D)) 
**sp. 2 (Holland et al. 2004; New Guinea (D)) 
**sp. 3 (Holland et al. 2004; Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D))


=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===
(Gegenbaur 1857) 

*''Acromitoides''(Stiasny 1921) 
**''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897)
*''[[Acromitus]]'' (Light 1914) [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|right|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|right|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
**''flagellatus'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903, Taiwan (D))
**''hardenbergi'' (Stiasny 1934) 
**''maculosus'' (Light 1914)* 
**''rabanchatu'' (Annandale 1915) 
**''tankahkeei'' (Light 1924) 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862)
**''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830)
**''mosaicus'' ('''pictured''', Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824*, Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)) 
**''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ouwensi'' (Moestafa &amp; McConnaughey 1966)
**''perezi'' (Ranson 1945) 
**''tagi'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1869)
**''townsendi'' ('''pictured''', Mayer 1915, Taiwan (D)) 
**''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911)
**''viridescens'' (Chun 1896)
*''Crambione'' (Maas 1903) 
**''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910)
**''cooki'' (Mayer 1910)
**''mastigophora'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903)*
*''[[Crambionella]]'' (Stiasny 1921) 
**''annandalei'' (Rao 1931) 
**''orsini'' ('''pictured''', Vanhöffen 1888, Persian Gulf (D))* 
**''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896)
*''Leptobrachia'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*

[[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 


=== [[Cepheidae]] ===
(L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cephea'' (Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810) 
**''cephea'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)) 
**''coerulea'' (Vanhöffen 1902)  
**''conifera'' (Haeckel 1880)  
**''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**sp. (Mayer 1915) 
**sp. (Stiasny 1937) 
**sp. (Kramp 1958)[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]]
*''Cotylorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''ambulacrata'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''erythraea'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''pacifica'' (Mayer 1915)
**''tuberculata'' ('''pictured''', Macri 1778)*
*''Netrostoma'' (L.S. Schultze 1898)
**''coerulescens'' (Maas 1903) 
**''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp; Mayer 1899)
**''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902)
**''typhlodendrium'' (L.S. Schultze 1898)*
*''Polyrhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862)
**''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae ===
(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Anomalorhiza'' (Light 1921) 
**''shawi'' (Light 1921, Philippines (D, M))*
*''Lychnorhiza'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''arubae'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''lucerna'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880) 
**''malayensis'' (Stiasny 1920)
*''Pseudorhiza'' (von Lendenfeld 1882)
**''aurosa'' (von Lendenfeld 1882 *)
**''haeckeli'' (Haacke 1884)

=== Lobonematidae  ===
(Stiasny 1921)
*''Lobonema'' (Mayer 1910)
**''mayeri'' (Light 1914) 
**''smithi'' (Mayer 1910)*
*''Lobonemoides'' (Light 1914) 
**''gracilis'' (Light 1914)*
**''robustus'' (Stiasny 1920)
**''sewelli'' (Rao 1931)

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===
(Stiasny 1921) 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''albipunctatus'' (Stiasny 1920)
**''andersoni'' (Stiasny 1926)
**''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791)
**''pantherinus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''papua'' ('''pictured''', Lesson 1830, Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M))*  
**''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830)
**''siderea'' (Chun 1896) 
**sp. (Rao 1931)
*''Mastigietta'' (Stiasny 1921) 
**''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880)*
*''Phyllorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862)
**''luzoni'' (Mayer 1915) 
**''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''peronlesueuri'' (Goy 1990) 
**''punctata'' ('''pictured''', von Lendenfeld 1884)*

*''Thysanostoma'' (L. Agassiz 1862)
**''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835)
**''thysanura'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880, Palau (D))*
*''Versuriga'' (Kramp 1961) 
**''anadyomene'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903, Palau (D)) *

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===
(Cuvier 1799) 

*Eupilema (Haeckel 1880) 
**''inexpectata'' (Pages Gili &amp; Bouillon 1992) 
**''scapulare'' (Haeckel 1880)*
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922) 
**''nomurai'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1922)*
*''Rhizostoma'' (Cuvier 1799) 
**''luteum'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)*
*''Rhopilema'' (Haeckel 1880)
**''esculentum'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1891, China (D, M)) 
**''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''nomadica'' (Galil, Spanier &amp; Ferguson 1990) 
**''rhopalophorum'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===
(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Stomolophus'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''fritillarius'' (Haeckel 1880)
**''meleagris'' (L. Agassiz 1862)*

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>811</id>
      <parentid>810</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T22:18:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6290">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (26) 
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae|Cassiopeidae[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]]]]  ===

(L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cassiopea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810)&amp;nbsp; 
**''andromeda'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Bermuda (D); Hawaii (D, M); Florida (D), Red Sea (D)) 
**''depressa'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774, Florida (D), Panama (D)) 
**''medusa'' (Light 1914) 
**''mertensi'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''ndrosia'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''ornata'' (Haeckel 1880, Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)) 
**''picta'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''vanderhorsti'' (Stiasny 1922) 
**sp. 1 (Holland et al. 2004; Queensland (D)) 
**sp. 2 (Holland et al. 2004; New Guinea (D)) 
**sp. 3 (Holland et al. 2004; Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D))

=== [[Catostylidae|[[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|right|224x146px|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]]]][[Catostylidae]]  ===

(Gegenbaur 1857) 

*''Acromitoides''(Stiasny 1921) 
**''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' (Light 1914) [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|right|112x205px|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
**''flagellatus'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903, Taiwan (D)) 
**''hardenbergi'' (Stiasny 1934) 
**''maculosus'' (Light 1914)* 
**''rabanchatu'' (Annandale 1915) 
**''tankahkeei'' (Light 1924) 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''mosaicus'' ('''pictured''', Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824*, Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)) 
**''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ouwensi'' (Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966) 
**''perezi'' (Ranson 1945) 
**''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''townsendi'' ('''pictured''', Mayer 1915, Taiwan (D)) 
**''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' (Maas 1903) 
**''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''cooki'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''mastigophora'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903)* 
*''[[Crambionella]]'' (Stiasny 1921) 
[[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 





**''annandalei'' (Rao 1931) 


**''orsini'' ('''pictured''', Vanhöffen 1888, Persian Gulf (D))* 
**''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Cepheidae|Cepheidae[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]]]]  ===

(L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cephea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) 
**''cephea'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)) 
**''coerulea'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''conifera'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**sp. (Mayer 1915) 
**sp. (Stiasny 1937) 
**sp. (Kramp 1958) 
*''Cotylorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''ambulacrata'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''erythraea'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''pacifica'' (Mayer 1915) 
**''tuberculata'' ('''pictured''', Macri 1778)* 
*''Netrostoma'' (L.S. Schultze 1898) 
**''coerulescens'' (Maas 1903) 
**''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''typhlodendrium'' (L.S. Schultze 1898)* 
*''Polyrhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Anomalorhiza'' (Light 1921) 
**''shawi'' (Light 1921, Philippines (D, M))* 
*''Lychnorhiza'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''arubae'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''lucerna'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880) 
**''malayensis'' (Stiasny 1920) 
*''Pseudorhiza'' (von Lendenfeld 1882) 
**''aurosa'' (von Lendenfeld 1882 *) 
**''haeckeli'' (Haacke 1884)

=== Lobonematidae  ===

(Stiasny 1921) 

*''Lobonema'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''mayeri'' (Light 1914) 
**''smithi'' (Mayer 1910)* 
*''Lobonemoides'' (Light 1914) 
**''gracilis'' (Light 1914)* 
**''robustus'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''sewelli'' (Rao 1931)

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

(Stiasny 1921) 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''albipunctatus'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''andersoni'' (Stiasny 1926) 
**''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''pantherinus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''papua'' ('''pictured''', Lesson 1830, Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M))* 
**''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''siderea'' (Chun 1896) 
**sp. (Rao 1931) 
*''Mastigietta'' (Stiasny 1921) 
**''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
*''Phyllorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''luzoni'' (Mayer 1915) 
**''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''peronlesueuri'' (Goy 1990) 
**''punctata'' ('''pictured''', von Lendenfeld 1884)*

*''Thysanostoma'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''thysanura'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880, Palau (D))* 
*''Versuriga'' (Kramp 1961) 
**''anadyomene'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903, Palau (D)) *

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

(Cuvier 1799) 

*Eupilema (Haeckel 1880) 
**''inexpectata'' (Pages Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992) 
**''scapulare'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922) 
**''nomurai'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1922)* 
*''Rhizostoma'' (Cuvier 1799) 
**''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''esculentum'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1891, China (D, M)) 
**''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''nomadica'' (Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990) 
**''rhopalophorum'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Stomolophus'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''fritillarius'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''meleagris'' (L. Agassiz 1862)*

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>812</id>
      <parentid>811</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T22:20:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6283">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (26) 
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===
|Cassiopeidae[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]]
(L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cassiopea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810)&amp;nbsp; 
**''andromeda'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Bermuda (D); Hawaii (D, M); Florida (D), Red Sea (D)) 
**''depressa'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774, Florida (D), Panama (D)) 
**''medusa'' (Light 1914) 
**''mertensi'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''ndrosia'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''ornata'' (Haeckel 1880, Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)) 
**''picta'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''vanderhorsti'' (Stiasny 1922) 
**sp. 1 (Holland et al. 2004; Queensland (D)) 
**sp. 2 (Holland et al. 2004; New Guinea (D)) 
**sp. 3 (Holland et al. 2004; Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D))

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===
[[Catostylidae|[[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|right|224x146px|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]]]]
(Gegenbaur 1857) 

*''Acromitoides''(Stiasny 1921) 
**''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' (Light 1914) [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|right|112x205px|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
**''flagellatus'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903, Taiwan (D)) 
**''hardenbergi'' (Stiasny 1934) 
**''maculosus'' (Light 1914)* 
**''rabanchatu'' (Annandale 1915) 
**''tankahkeei'' (Light 1924) 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''mosaicus'' ('''pictured''', Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824*, Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)) 
**''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ouwensi'' (Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966) 
**''perezi'' (Ranson 1945) 
**''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''townsendi'' ('''pictured''', Mayer 1915, Taiwan (D)) 
**''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' (Maas 1903) 
**''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''cooki'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''mastigophora'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903)* 
*''[[Crambionella]]'' (Stiasny 1921)
[[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
**''annandalei'' (Rao 1931)
**''orsini'' ('''pictured''', Vanhöffen 1888, Persian Gulf (D))* 
**''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Cepheidae]] ===
|Cepheidae[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]]]]

(L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cephea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) 
**''cephea'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)) 
**''coerulea'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''conifera'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**sp. (Mayer 1915) 
**sp. (Stiasny 1937) 
**sp. (Kramp 1958) 
*''Cotylorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''ambulacrata'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''erythraea'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''pacifica'' (Mayer 1915) 
**''tuberculata'' ('''pictured''', Macri 1778)* 
*''Netrostoma'' (L.S. Schultze 1898) 
**''coerulescens'' (Maas 1903) 
**''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''typhlodendrium'' (L.S. Schultze 1898)* 
*''Polyrhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Anomalorhiza'' (Light 1921) 
**''shawi'' (Light 1921, Philippines (D, M))* 
*''Lychnorhiza'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''arubae'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''lucerna'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880) 
**''malayensis'' (Stiasny 1920) 
*''Pseudorhiza'' (von Lendenfeld 1882) 
**''aurosa'' (von Lendenfeld 1882 *) 
**''haeckeli'' (Haacke 1884)

=== Lobonematidae  ===

(Stiasny 1921) 

*''Lobonema'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''mayeri'' (Light 1914) 
**''smithi'' (Mayer 1910)* 
*''Lobonemoides'' (Light 1914) 
**''gracilis'' (Light 1914)* 
**''robustus'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''sewelli'' (Rao 1931)

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

(Stiasny 1921) 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''albipunctatus'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''andersoni'' (Stiasny 1926) 
**''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''pantherinus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''papua'' ('''pictured''', Lesson 1830, Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M))* 
**''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''siderea'' (Chun 1896) 
**sp. (Rao 1931) 
*''Mastigietta'' (Stiasny 1921) 
**''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
*''Phyllorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''luzoni'' (Mayer 1915) 
**''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''peronlesueuri'' (Goy 1990) 
**''punctata'' ('''pictured''', von Lendenfeld 1884)*

*''Thysanostoma'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''thysanura'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880, Palau (D))* 
*''Versuriga'' (Kramp 1961) 
**''anadyomene'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903, Palau (D)) *

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

(Cuvier 1799) 

*Eupilema (Haeckel 1880) 
**''inexpectata'' (Pages Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992) 
**''scapulare'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922) 
**''nomurai'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1922)* 
*''Rhizostoma'' (Cuvier 1799) 
**''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''esculentum'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1891, China (D, M)) 
**''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''nomadica'' (Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990) 
**''rhopalophorum'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Stomolophus'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''fritillarius'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''meleagris'' (L. Agassiz 1862)*

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>813</id>
      <parentid>812</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T22:21:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6245">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (26) 
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===
[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]]
(L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cassiopea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810)&amp;nbsp; 
**''andromeda'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Bermuda (D); Hawaii (D, M); Florida (D), Red Sea (D)) 
**''depressa'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774, Florida (D), Panama (D)) 
**''medusa'' (Light 1914) 
**''mertensi'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''ndrosia'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''ornata'' (Haeckel 1880, Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)) 
**''picta'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''vanderhorsti'' (Stiasny 1922) 
**sp. 1 (Holland et al. 2004; Queensland (D)) 
**sp. 2 (Holland et al. 2004; New Guinea (D)) 
**sp. 3 (Holland et al. 2004; Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D))

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===
[[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|right|224x146px|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]]]]
(Gegenbaur 1857) 

*''Acromitoides''(Stiasny 1921) 
**''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' (Light 1914) [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|right|112x205px|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
**''flagellatus'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903, Taiwan (D)) 
**''hardenbergi'' (Stiasny 1934) 
**''maculosus'' (Light 1914)* 
**''rabanchatu'' (Annandale 1915) 
**''tankahkeei'' (Light 1924) 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''mosaicus'' ('''pictured''', Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824*, Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)) 
**''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ouwensi'' (Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966) 
**''perezi'' (Ranson 1945) 
**''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''townsendi'' ('''pictured''', Mayer 1915, Taiwan (D)) 
**''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' (Maas 1903) 
**''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''cooki'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''mastigophora'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903)* 
*''[[Crambionella]]'' (Stiasny 1921)
[[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
**''annandalei'' (Rao 1931)
**''orsini'' ('''pictured''', Vanhöffen 1888, Persian Gulf (D))* 
**''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Cepheidae]] ===
[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]]]]

(L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cephea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) 
**''cephea'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)) 
**''coerulea'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''conifera'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**sp. (Mayer 1915) 
**sp. (Stiasny 1937) 
**sp. (Kramp 1958) 
*''Cotylorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''ambulacrata'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''erythraea'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''pacifica'' (Mayer 1915) 
**''tuberculata'' ('''pictured''', Macri 1778)* 
*''Netrostoma'' (L.S. Schultze 1898) 
**''coerulescens'' (Maas 1903) 
**''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''typhlodendrium'' (L.S. Schultze 1898)* 
*''Polyrhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Anomalorhiza'' (Light 1921) 
**''shawi'' (Light 1921, Philippines (D, M))* 
*''Lychnorhiza'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''arubae'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''lucerna'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880) 
**''malayensis'' (Stiasny 1920) 
*''Pseudorhiza'' (von Lendenfeld 1882) 
**''aurosa'' (von Lendenfeld 1882 *) 
**''haeckeli'' (Haacke 1884)

=== Lobonematidae  ===

(Stiasny 1921) 

*''Lobonema'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''mayeri'' (Light 1914) 
**''smithi'' (Mayer 1910)* 
*''Lobonemoides'' (Light 1914) 
**''gracilis'' (Light 1914)* 
**''robustus'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''sewelli'' (Rao 1931)

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

(Stiasny 1921) 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''albipunctatus'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''andersoni'' (Stiasny 1926) 
**''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''pantherinus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''papua'' ('''pictured''', Lesson 1830, Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M))* 
**''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''siderea'' (Chun 1896) 
**sp. (Rao 1931) 
*''Mastigietta'' (Stiasny 1921) 
**''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
*''Phyllorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''luzoni'' (Mayer 1915) 
**''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''peronlesueuri'' (Goy 1990) 
**''punctata'' ('''pictured''', von Lendenfeld 1884)*

*''Thysanostoma'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''thysanura'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880, Palau (D))* 
*''Versuriga'' (Kramp 1961) 
**''anadyomene'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903, Palau (D)) *

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

(Cuvier 1799) 

*Eupilema (Haeckel 1880) 
**''inexpectata'' (Pages Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992) 
**''scapulare'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922) 
**''nomurai'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1922)* 
*''Rhizostoma'' (Cuvier 1799) 
**''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''esculentum'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1891, China (D, M)) 
**''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''nomadica'' (Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990) 
**''rhopalophorum'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Stomolophus'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''fritillarius'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''meleagris'' (L. Agassiz 1862)*

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>814</id>
      <parentid>813</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T22:29:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6248">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (26) 
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]] (L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cassiopea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810)&amp;nbsp; 
**''andromeda'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Bermuda (D); Hawaii (D, M); Florida (D), Red Sea (D)) 
**''depressa'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774, Florida (D), Panama (D)) 
**''medusa'' (Light 1914) 
**''mertensi'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''ndrosia'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''ornata'' (Haeckel 1880, Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)) 
**''picta'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''vanderhorsti'' (Stiasny 1922) 
**sp. 1 (Holland et al. 2004; Queensland (D)) 
**sp. 2 (Holland et al. 2004; New Guinea (D)) 
**sp. 3 (Holland et al. 2004; Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D))

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

[[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|right|224x146px|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]]]] (Gegenbaur 1857) 

*''Acromitoides''(Stiasny 1921) 
**''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' (Light 1914) [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|right|112x205px|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]][[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
**''flagellatus'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903, Taiwan (D)) 
**''hardenbergi'' (Stiasny 1934) 
**''maculosus'' (Light 1914)* 
**''rabanchatu'' (Annandale 1915) 
**''tankahkeei'' (Light 1924) 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''mosaicus'' ('''pictured''', Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824*, Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)) 
**''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ouwensi'' (Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966) 
**''perezi'' (Ranson 1945) 
**''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''townsendi'' ('''pictured''', Mayer 1915, Taiwan (D)) 
**''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' (Maas 1903) 
**''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''cooki'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''mastigophora'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903)* 
*''[[Crambionella]]'' (Stiasny 1921)

[[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 

**''annandalei'' (Rao 1931) 
**''orsini'' ('''pictured''', Vanhöffen 1888, Persian Gulf (D))* 
**''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Cepheidae]]  ===

[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]](L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cephea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) 
**''cephea'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)) 
**''coerulea'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''conifera'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**sp. (Mayer 1915) 
**sp. (Stiasny 1937) 
**sp. (Kramp 1958) 
*''Cotylorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''ambulacrata'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''erythraea'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''pacifica'' (Mayer 1915) 
**''tuberculata'' ('''pictured''', Macri 1778)* 
*''Netrostoma'' (L.S. Schultze 1898) 
**''coerulescens'' (Maas 1903) 
**''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''typhlodendrium'' (L.S. Schultze 1898)* 
*''Polyrhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Anomalorhiza'' (Light 1921) 
**''shawi'' (Light 1921, Philippines (D, M))* 
*''Lychnorhiza'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''arubae'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''lucerna'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880) 
**''malayensis'' (Stiasny 1920) 
*''Pseudorhiza'' (von Lendenfeld 1882) 
**''aurosa'' (von Lendenfeld 1882 *) 
**''haeckeli'' (Haacke 1884)

=== Lobonematidae  ===

(Stiasny 1921) 

*''Lobonema'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''mayeri'' (Light 1914) 
**''smithi'' (Mayer 1910)* 
*''Lobonemoides'' (Light 1914) 
**''gracilis'' (Light 1914)* 
**''robustus'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''sewelli'' (Rao 1931)

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

(Stiasny 1921) 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''albipunctatus'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''andersoni'' (Stiasny 1926) 
**''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''pantherinus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''papua'' ('''pictured''', Lesson 1830, Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M))* 
**''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''siderea'' (Chun 1896) 
**sp. (Rao 1931) 
*''Mastigietta'' (Stiasny 1921) 
**''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
*''Phyllorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''luzoni'' (Mayer 1915) 
**''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''peronlesueuri'' (Goy 1990) 
**''punctata'' ('''pictured''', von Lendenfeld 1884)*

*''Thysanostoma'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''thysanura'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880, Palau (D))* 
*''Versuriga'' (Kramp 1961) 
**''anadyomene'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903, Palau (D)) *

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

(Cuvier 1799) 

*Eupilema (Haeckel 1880) 
**''inexpectata'' (Pages Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992) 
**''scapulare'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922) 
**''nomurai'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1922)* 
*''Rhizostoma'' (Cuvier 1799) 
**''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''esculentum'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1891, China (D, M)) 
**''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''nomadica'' (Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990) 
**''rhopalophorum'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Stomolophus'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''fritillarius'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''meleagris'' (L. Agassiz 1862)*

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>815</id>
      <parentid>814</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T22:36:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6278">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (26) 
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]] (L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cassiopea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810)&amp;nbsp; 
**''andromeda'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Bermuda (D); Hawaii (D, M); Florida (D), Red Sea (D)) 
**''depressa'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774, Florida (D), Panama (D)) 
**''medusa'' (Light 1914) 
**''mertensi'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''ndrosia'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''ornata'' (Haeckel 1880, Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)) 
**''picta'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''vanderhorsti'' (Stiasny 1922) 
**sp. 1 (Holland et al. 2004; Queensland (D)) 
**sp. 2 (Holland et al. 2004; New Guinea (D)) 
**sp. 3 (Holland et al. 2004; Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D))


=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===
(Gegenbaur 1857)
*''Acromitoides''(Stiasny 1921) 
**''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' (Light 1914) 
**''flagellatus'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903, Taiwan (D)) 
**''hardenbergi'' (Stiasny 1934) 
**''maculosus'' (Light 1914)* 
**''rabanchatu'' (Annandale 1915) 
**''tankahkeei'' (Light 1924) 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''mosaicus'' ('''pictured''', Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824*, Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)) 
**''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ouwensi'' (Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966) 
**''perezi'' (Ranson 1945) 
**''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''townsendi'' ('''pictured''', Mayer 1915, Taiwan (D)) 
**''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' (Maas 1903) 
**''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''cooki'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''mastigophora'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903)* 
*''[[Crambionella]]'' (Stiasny 1921)
**''annandalei'' (Rao 1931) 
**''orsini'' ('''pictured''', Vanhöffen 1888, Persian Gulf (D))* 
**''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

{|
| [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|upright|224x146px|alt=Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]]]]  
| [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|upright|alt=Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]]
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|upright|alt=Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
|}



=== [[Cepheidae]]  ===

[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]](L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cephea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) 
**''cephea'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)) 
**''coerulea'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''conifera'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**sp. (Mayer 1915) 
**sp. (Stiasny 1937) 
**sp. (Kramp 1958) 
*''Cotylorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''ambulacrata'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''erythraea'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''pacifica'' (Mayer 1915) 
**''tuberculata'' ('''pictured''', Macri 1778)* 
*''Netrostoma'' (L.S. Schultze 1898) 
**''coerulescens'' (Maas 1903) 
**''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''typhlodendrium'' (L.S. Schultze 1898)* 
*''Polyrhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Anomalorhiza'' (Light 1921) 
**''shawi'' (Light 1921, Philippines (D, M))* 
*''Lychnorhiza'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''arubae'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''lucerna'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880) 
**''malayensis'' (Stiasny 1920) 
*''Pseudorhiza'' (von Lendenfeld 1882) 
**''aurosa'' (von Lendenfeld 1882 *) 
**''haeckeli'' (Haacke 1884)

=== Lobonematidae  ===

(Stiasny 1921) 

*''Lobonema'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''mayeri'' (Light 1914) 
**''smithi'' (Mayer 1910)* 
*''Lobonemoides'' (Light 1914) 
**''gracilis'' (Light 1914)* 
**''robustus'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''sewelli'' (Rao 1931)

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

(Stiasny 1921) 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''albipunctatus'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''andersoni'' (Stiasny 1926) 
**''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''pantherinus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''papua'' ('''pictured''', Lesson 1830, Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M))* 
**''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''siderea'' (Chun 1896) 
**sp. (Rao 1931) 
*''Mastigietta'' (Stiasny 1921) 
**''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
*''Phyllorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''luzoni'' (Mayer 1915) 
**''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''peronlesueuri'' (Goy 1990) 
**''punctata'' ('''pictured''', von Lendenfeld 1884)*

*''Thysanostoma'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''thysanura'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880, Palau (D))* 
*''Versuriga'' (Kramp 1961) 
**''anadyomene'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903, Palau (D)) *

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

(Cuvier 1799) 

*Eupilema (Haeckel 1880) 
**''inexpectata'' (Pages Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992) 
**''scapulare'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922) 
**''nomurai'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1922)* 
*''Rhizostoma'' (Cuvier 1799) 
**''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''esculentum'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1891, China (D, M)) 
**''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''nomadica'' (Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990) 
**''rhopalophorum'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Stomolophus'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''fritillarius'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''meleagris'' (L. Agassiz 1862)*

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>865</id>
      <parentid>815</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T03:40:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6522">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (26) 
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]] (L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cassiopea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810)&amp;nbsp; 
**''andromeda'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Bermuda (D); Hawaii (D, M); Florida (D), Red Sea (D)) 
**''depressa'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774, Florida (D), Panama (D)) 
**''medusa'' (Light 1914) 
**''mertensi'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''ndrosia'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''ornata'' (Haeckel 1880, Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)) 
**''picta'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''vanderhorsti'' (Stiasny 1922) 
**sp. 1 (Holland et al. 2004; Queensland (D)) 
**sp. 2 (Holland et al. 2004; New Guinea (D)) 
**sp. 3 (Holland et al. 2004; Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D))

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

(Gegenbaur 1857) 

*''Acromitoides''(Stiasny 1921) 
**''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' (Light 1914) 
**''flagellatus'' ('''pictured below''', Maas 1903, Taiwan (D)) 
**''hardenbergi'' (Stiasny 1934) 
**''maculosus'' (Light 1914)* 
**''rabanchatu'' (Annandale 1915) 
**''tankahkeei'' (Light 1924) 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''mosaicus'' ('''pictured below''', Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824*, Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)) 
**''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ouwensi'' (Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966) 
**''perezi'' (Ranson 1945) 
**''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''townsendi'' ('''pictured below''', Mayer 1915, Taiwan (D)) 
**''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' (Maas 1903) 
**''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''cooki'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''mastigophora'' ('''pictured below''', Maas 1903)* 
*''[[Crambionella]]'' (Stiasny 1921) 
**''annandalei'' (Rao 1931) 
**''orsini'' ('''pictured below''', Vanhöffen 1888, Persian Gulf (D))* 
**''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

{|
|-
| [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|224x146px|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
|}
{|
| [[Image:Crambione_mastigophora_3a.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
| [[Image:Cramastigophora0014.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
| [[Image:JotQ_AJ03_SW1.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
|}

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cepheidae]]  ===

[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]](L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cephea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) 
**''cephea'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)) 
**''coerulea'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''conifera'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**sp. (Mayer 1915) 
**sp. (Stiasny 1937) 
**sp. (Kramp 1958) 
*''Cotylorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''ambulacrata'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''erythraea'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''pacifica'' (Mayer 1915) 
**''tuberculata'' ('''pictured''', Macri 1778)* 
*''Netrostoma'' (L.S. Schultze 1898) 
**''coerulescens'' (Maas 1903) 
**''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''typhlodendrium'' (L.S. Schultze 1898)* 
*''Polyrhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Anomalorhiza'' (Light 1921) 
**''shawi'' (Light 1921, Philippines (D, M))* 
*''Lychnorhiza'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''arubae'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''lucerna'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880) 
**''malayensis'' (Stiasny 1920) 
*''Pseudorhiza'' (von Lendenfeld 1882) 
**''aurosa'' (von Lendenfeld 1882 *) 
**''haeckeli'' (Haacke 1884)

=== Lobonematidae  ===

(Stiasny 1921) 

*''Lobonema'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''mayeri'' (Light 1914) 
**''smithi'' (Mayer 1910)* 
*''Lobonemoides'' (Light 1914) 
**''gracilis'' (Light 1914)* 
**''robustus'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''sewelli'' (Rao 1931)

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

(Stiasny 1921) 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''albipunctatus'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''andersoni'' (Stiasny 1926) 
**''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''pantherinus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''papua'' ('''pictured''', Lesson 1830, Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M))* 
**''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''siderea'' (Chun 1896) 
**sp. (Rao 1931) 
*''Mastigietta'' (Stiasny 1921) 
**''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
*''Phyllorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''luzoni'' (Mayer 1915) 
**''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''peronlesueuri'' (Goy 1990) 
**''punctata'' ('''pictured''', von Lendenfeld 1884)*

*''Thysanostoma'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''thysanura'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880, Palau (D))* 
*''Versuriga'' (Kramp 1961) 
**''anadyomene'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903, Palau (D)) *

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

(Cuvier 1799) 

*Eupilema (Haeckel 1880) 
**''inexpectata'' (Pages Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992) 
**''scapulare'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922) 
**''nomurai'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1922)* 
*''Rhizostoma'' (Cuvier 1799) 
**''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''esculentum'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1891, China (D, M)) 
**''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''nomadica'' (Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990) 
**''rhopalophorum'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Stomolophus'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''fritillarius'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''meleagris'' (L. Agassiz 1862)*

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>870</id>
      <parentid>865</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T03:56:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Cepheidae */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6794">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (26) 
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]] (L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cassiopea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810)&amp;nbsp; 
**''andromeda'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Bermuda (D); Hawaii (D, M); Florida (D), Red Sea (D)) 
**''depressa'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774, Florida (D), Panama (D)) 
**''medusa'' (Light 1914) 
**''mertensi'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''ndrosia'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''ornata'' (Haeckel 1880, Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)) 
**''picta'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''vanderhorsti'' (Stiasny 1922) 
**sp. 1 (Holland et al. 2004; Queensland (D)) 
**sp. 2 (Holland et al. 2004; New Guinea (D)) 
**sp. 3 (Holland et al. 2004; Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D))

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

(Gegenbaur 1857) 

*''Acromitoides''(Stiasny 1921) 
**''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' (Light 1914) 
**''flagellatus'' ('''pictured below''', Maas 1903, Taiwan (D)) 
**''hardenbergi'' (Stiasny 1934) 
**''maculosus'' (Light 1914)* 
**''rabanchatu'' (Annandale 1915) 
**''tankahkeei'' (Light 1924) 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''mosaicus'' ('''pictured below''', Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824*, Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)) 
**''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ouwensi'' (Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966) 
**''perezi'' (Ranson 1945) 
**''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''townsendi'' ('''pictured below''', Mayer 1915, Taiwan (D)) 
**''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' (Maas 1903) 
**''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''cooki'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''mastigophora'' ('''pictured below''', Maas 1903)* 
*''[[Crambionella]]'' (Stiasny 1921) 
**''annandalei'' (Rao 1931) 
**''orsini'' ('''pictured below''', Vanhöffen 1888, Persian Gulf (D))* 
**''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

{|
|-
| [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|224x146px|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
|}
{|
| [[Image:Crambione_mastigophora_3a.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
| [[Image:Cramastigophora0014.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
| [[Image:JotQ_AJ03_SW1.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
|}

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cepheidae]]  ===

[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]](L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cephea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) 
**''cephea'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)) 
**''coerulea'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''conifera'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**sp. (Mayer 1915) 
**sp. (Stiasny 1937) 
**sp. (Kramp 1958) 
*''Cotylorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''ambulacrata'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''erythraea'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''pacifica'' (Mayer 1915) 
**''tuberculata'' ('''pictured''', Macri 1778)* 
{|
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat1.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat2.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat3.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
|
|}
*''Netrostoma'' (L.S. Schultze 1898) 
**''coerulescens'' (Maas 1903) 
**''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''typhlodendrium'' (L.S. Schultze 1898)* 
*''Polyrhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Anomalorhiza'' (Light 1921) 
**''shawi'' (Light 1921, Philippines (D, M))* 
*''Lychnorhiza'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''arubae'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''lucerna'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880) 
**''malayensis'' (Stiasny 1920) 
*''Pseudorhiza'' (von Lendenfeld 1882) 
**''aurosa'' (von Lendenfeld 1882 *) 
**''haeckeli'' (Haacke 1884)

=== Lobonematidae  ===

(Stiasny 1921) 

*''Lobonema'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''mayeri'' (Light 1914) 
**''smithi'' (Mayer 1910)* 
*''Lobonemoides'' (Light 1914) 
**''gracilis'' (Light 1914)* 
**''robustus'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''sewelli'' (Rao 1931)

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

(Stiasny 1921) 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''albipunctatus'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''andersoni'' (Stiasny 1926) 
**''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''pantherinus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''papua'' ('''pictured''', Lesson 1830, Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M))* 
**''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''siderea'' (Chun 1896) 
**sp. (Rao 1931) 
*''Mastigietta'' (Stiasny 1921) 
**''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
*''Phyllorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''luzoni'' (Mayer 1915) 
**''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''peronlesueuri'' (Goy 1990) 
**''punctata'' ('''pictured''', von Lendenfeld 1884)*

*''Thysanostoma'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''thysanura'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880, Palau (D))* 
*''Versuriga'' (Kramp 1961) 
**''anadyomene'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903, Palau (D)) *

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

(Cuvier 1799) 

*Eupilema (Haeckel 1880) 
**''inexpectata'' (Pages Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992) 
**''scapulare'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922) 
**''nomurai'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1922)* 
*''Rhizostoma'' (Cuvier 1799) 
**''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''esculentum'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1891, China (D, M)) 
**''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''nomadica'' (Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990) 
**''rhopalophorum'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Stomolophus'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''fritillarius'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''meleagris'' (L. Agassiz 1862)*

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>872</id>
      <parentid>870</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T03:59:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Cepheidae */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6882">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (26) 
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]] (L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cassiopea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810)&amp;nbsp; 
**''andromeda'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Bermuda (D); Hawaii (D, M); Florida (D), Red Sea (D)) 
**''depressa'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774, Florida (D), Panama (D)) 
**''medusa'' (Light 1914) 
**''mertensi'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''ndrosia'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''ornata'' (Haeckel 1880, Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)) 
**''picta'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''vanderhorsti'' (Stiasny 1922) 
**sp. 1 (Holland et al. 2004; Queensland (D)) 
**sp. 2 (Holland et al. 2004; New Guinea (D)) 
**sp. 3 (Holland et al. 2004; Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D))

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

(Gegenbaur 1857) 

*''Acromitoides''(Stiasny 1921) 
**''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' (Light 1914) 
**''flagellatus'' ('''pictured below''', Maas 1903, Taiwan (D)) 
**''hardenbergi'' (Stiasny 1934) 
**''maculosus'' (Light 1914)* 
**''rabanchatu'' (Annandale 1915) 
**''tankahkeei'' (Light 1924) 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''mosaicus'' ('''pictured below''', Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824*, Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)) 
**''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ouwensi'' (Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966) 
**''perezi'' (Ranson 1945) 
**''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''townsendi'' ('''pictured below''', Mayer 1915, Taiwan (D)) 
**''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' (Maas 1903) 
**''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''cooki'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''mastigophora'' ('''pictured below''', Maas 1903)* 
*''[[Crambionella]]'' (Stiasny 1921) 
**''annandalei'' (Rao 1931) 
**''orsini'' ('''pictured below''', Vanhöffen 1888, Persian Gulf (D))* 
**''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' (Brandt 1838) 
**''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

{|
|-
| [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|224x146px|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
|}
{|
| [[Image:Crambione_mastigophora_3a.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
| [[Image:Cramastigophora0014.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
| [[Image:JotQ_AJ03_SW1.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
|}

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cepheidae]]  ===

[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]](L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cephea'' (Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810) 
**''cephea'' ('''pictured''', Forskål 1775, Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)) 
**''coerulea'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''conifera'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**sp. (Mayer 1915) 
**sp. (Stiasny 1937) 
**sp. (Kramp 1958) 
*''Cotylorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''ambulacrata'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''erythraea'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''pacifica'' (Mayer 1915) 
**''tuberculata'' ('''pictured''', Macri 1778)* 
{|
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat1.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat2.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat3.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat4.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
|
|}
*''Netrostoma'' (L.S. Schultze 1898) 
**''coerulescens'' (Maas 1903) 
**''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''typhlodendrium'' (L.S. Schultze 1898)* 
*''Polyrhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Anomalorhiza'' (Light 1921) 
**''shawi'' (Light 1921, Philippines (D, M))* 
*''Lychnorhiza'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''arubae'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''lucerna'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880) 
**''malayensis'' (Stiasny 1920) 
*''Pseudorhiza'' (von Lendenfeld 1882) 
**''aurosa'' (von Lendenfeld 1882 *) 
**''haeckeli'' (Haacke 1884)

=== Lobonematidae  ===

(Stiasny 1921) 

*''Lobonema'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''mayeri'' (Light 1914) 
**''smithi'' (Mayer 1910)* 
*''Lobonemoides'' (Light 1914) 
**''gracilis'' (Light 1914)* 
**''robustus'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''sewelli'' (Rao 1931)

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

(Stiasny 1921) 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''albipunctatus'' (Stiasny 1920) 
**''andersoni'' (Stiasny 1926) 
**''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''pantherinus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''papua'' ('''pictured''', Lesson 1830, Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M))* 
**''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''siderea'' (Chun 1896) 
**sp. (Rao 1931) 
*''Mastigietta'' (Stiasny 1921) 
**''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
*''Phyllorhiza'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''luzoni'' (Mayer 1915) 
**''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''peronlesueuri'' (Goy 1990) 
**''punctata'' ('''pictured''', von Lendenfeld 1884)*

*''Thysanostoma'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''thysanura'' ('''pictured''', Haeckel 1880, Palau (D))* 
*''Versuriga'' (Kramp 1961) 
**''anadyomene'' ('''pictured''', Maas 1903, Palau (D)) *

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

(Cuvier 1799) 

*Eupilema (Haeckel 1880) 
**''inexpectata'' (Pages Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992) 
**''scapulare'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922) 
**''nomurai'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1922)* 
*''Rhizostoma'' (Cuvier 1799) 
**''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''esculentum'' ('''pictured''', Kishinouye 1891, China (D, M)) 
**''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''nomadica'' (Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990) 
**''rhopalophorum'' (Haeckel 1880)* 
**''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

(Haeckel 1880) 

*''Stomolophus'' (L. Agassiz 1862) 
**''fritillarius'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''meleagris'' (L. Agassiz 1862)*

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>999</id>
      <parentid>872</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T23:41:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6300">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (26) 
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right| ''Cassiopea andromeda''  (Forskål 1775)]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''andromeda'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) 
**''medusa'' Light 1914 
**''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 
**''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899 
**''ornata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 
**sp. 1  see Holland et al. 2004 
**sp. 2  see Holland et al. 2004 
**sp. 3  see Holland et al. 2004

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

Gegenbaur 1857 

*''Acromitoides''Stiasny 1921 
**''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 * 
**''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)  '''pictured below'''
**''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934 
**''maculosus'' Light 1914 * 
**''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915 
**''tankahkeei'' Light 1924 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824) *  '''pictured below''' 
**''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966 
**''perezi'' Ranson 1945 
**''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''townsendi'' Mayer 1915  '''pictured below''' 
**''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' Maas 1903 
**''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''cooki'' Mayer 1910 
**''mastigophora'' Maas 1903*  '''pictured below'''
*''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 
**''annandalei'' Rao 1931 
**''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *  '''pictured below'''
**''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 
**''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

{|
|-
| [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|224x146px|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
|}
{|
| [[Image:Crambione_mastigophora_3a.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
| [[Image:Cramastigophora0014.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
| [[Image:JotQ_AJ03_SW1.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
|}

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cepheidae]]  ===

[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''cephea'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''conifera'' Haeckel 1880 
**''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**sp.  see Mayer 1915 
**sp.  see Stiasny 1937 
**sp.  see Kramp 1958 
*''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
**''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 
**''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)*  '''pictured'''
{|
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat1.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat2.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat3.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat4.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
|
|}
*''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 
**''coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
**''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898* 
*''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 
**''shawi'' Light 1921 * 
*''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 
**''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
**''lucerna'' Haeckel 1880 *  '''pictured''' 
**''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 
*''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 
**''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * 
**''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884

=== Lobonematidae  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 
**''mayeri'' Light 1914 
**''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * 
*''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 
**''gracilis'' Light 1914 * 
**''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''sewelli'' Rao 1931

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 
**''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''papua'' (Lesson 1830) *  '''pictured'''
**''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''siderea'' Chun 1896 
**sp.  see Rao 1931 
*''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 
**''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * 
*''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
**''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
**''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 *  '''pictured'''
*''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 
**''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) *  '''pictured'''

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

Cuvier 1799 

*Eupilema Haeckel 1880 
**''inexpectata'' Pages, Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
**''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922) *
**''nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922) *  '''pictured'''
*''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 
**''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
**''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 
**''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1000</id>
      <parentid>999</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T23:42:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Rhizostomatidae */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6298">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (26) 
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right| ''Cassiopea andromeda''  (Forskål 1775)]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''andromeda'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) 
**''medusa'' Light 1914 
**''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 
**''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899 
**''ornata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 
**sp. 1  see Holland et al. 2004 
**sp. 2  see Holland et al. 2004 
**sp. 3  see Holland et al. 2004

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

Gegenbaur 1857 

*''Acromitoides''Stiasny 1921 
**''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 * 
**''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)  '''pictured below'''
**''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934 
**''maculosus'' Light 1914 * 
**''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915 
**''tankahkeei'' Light 1924 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824) *  '''pictured below''' 
**''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966 
**''perezi'' Ranson 1945 
**''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''townsendi'' Mayer 1915  '''pictured below''' 
**''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' Maas 1903 
**''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''cooki'' Mayer 1910 
**''mastigophora'' Maas 1903*  '''pictured below'''
*''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 
**''annandalei'' Rao 1931 
**''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *  '''pictured below'''
**''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 
**''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

{|
|-
| [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|224x146px|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
|}
{|
| [[Image:Crambione_mastigophora_3a.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
| [[Image:Cramastigophora0014.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
| [[Image:JotQ_AJ03_SW1.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
|}

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cepheidae]]  ===

[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''cephea'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''conifera'' Haeckel 1880 
**''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**sp.  see Mayer 1915 
**sp.  see Stiasny 1937 
**sp.  see Kramp 1958 
*''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
**''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 
**''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)*  '''pictured'''
{|
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat1.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat2.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat3.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat4.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
|
|}
*''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 
**''coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
**''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898* 
*''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 
**''shawi'' Light 1921 * 
*''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 
**''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
**''lucerna'' Haeckel 1880 *  '''pictured''' 
**''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 
*''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 
**''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * 
**''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884

=== Lobonematidae  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 
**''mayeri'' Light 1914 
**''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * 
*''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 
**''gracilis'' Light 1914 * 
**''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''sewelli'' Rao 1931

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 
**''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''papua'' (Lesson 1830) *  '''pictured'''
**''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''siderea'' Chun 1896 
**sp.  see Rao 1931 
*''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 
**''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * 
*''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
**''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
**''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 *  '''pictured'''
*''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 
**''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) *  '''pictured'''

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

Cuvier 1799 

*Eupilema Haeckel 1880 
**''inexpectata'' Pages, Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
**''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922)
**''nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922) *  '''pictured'''
*''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 
**''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
**''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 
**''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1021</id>
      <parentid>1000</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T04:13:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6326">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (26) 
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right| ''Cassiopea andromeda''  (Forskål 1775)]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''andromeda'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) 
**''medusa'' Light 1914 
**''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 
**''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899 
**''ornata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 
**sp. 1  see Holland et al. 2004 
**sp. 2  see Holland et al. 2004 
**sp. 3  see Holland et al. 2004

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

Gegenbaur 1857 

*''Acromitoides''Stiasny 1921 
**''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 * 
**''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)  '''pictured below'''
**''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934 
**''maculosus'' Light 1914 * 
**''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915 
**''tankahkeei'' Light 1924 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824) *  '''pictured below''' 
**''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966 
**''perezi'' Ranson 1945 
**''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''townsendi'' Mayer 1915  '''pictured below''' 
**''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' Maas 1903 
**''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''cooki'' Mayer 1910 
**''mastigophora'' Maas 1903*  '''pictured below'''
*''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 
**''annandalei'' Rao 1931 
**''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *  '''pictured below'''
**''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 
**''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

{|
|-
| [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|224x146px|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
|}
{|
| [[Image:Crambione_mastigophora_3a.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
| [[Image:Cramastigophora0014.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
| [[Image:JotQ_AJ03_SW1.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
|}

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cepheidae]]  ===

[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''cephea'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''conifera'' Haeckel 1880 
**''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**sp.  see Mayer 1915 
**sp.  see Stiasny 1937 
**sp.  see Kramp 1958 
*''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
**''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 
**''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)*  '''pictured'''
{|
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat1.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat2.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat3.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat4.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
|
|}
*''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 
**''coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
**''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898* 
*''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 
**''shawi'' Light 1921 * 
*''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 
**''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
**''lucerna'' Haeckel 1880 *  '''pictured''' 
**''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 
*''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 
**''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * 
**''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884

=== Lobonematidae  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 
**''mayeri'' Light 1914 
**''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * 
*''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 
**''gracilis'' Light 1914 * 
**''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''sewelli'' Rao 1931

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''M. albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''M. andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 
**''M. gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''M. ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''M. pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''[[M. papua]]'' (Lesson 1830) *  '''pictured'''
**''M. roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''M. siderea'' Chun 1896 
**sp.  see Rao 1931 
*''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 
**''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * 
*''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
**''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
**''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 *  '''pictured'''
*''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 
**''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) *  '''pictured'''

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

Cuvier 1799 

*Eupilema Haeckel 1880 
**''inexpectata'' Pages, Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
**''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922)
**''nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922) *  '''pictured'''
*''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 
**''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
**''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 
**''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1026</id>
      <parentid>1021</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T04:20:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6396">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (26) 
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right| ''Cassiopea andromeda''  (Forskål 1775)]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''andromeda'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) 
**''medusa'' Light 1914 
**''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 
**''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899 
**''ornata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 
**sp. 1  see Holland et al. 2004 
**sp. 2  see Holland et al. 2004 
**sp. 3  see Holland et al. 2004

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

Gegenbaur 1857 

*''Acromitoides''Stiasny 1921 
**''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 * 
**''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)  '''pictured below'''
**''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934 
**''maculosus'' Light 1914 * 
**''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915 
**''tankahkeei'' Light 1924 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824) *  '''pictured below''' 
**''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966 
**''perezi'' Ranson 1945 
**''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''townsendi'' Mayer 1915  '''pictured below''' 
**''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' Maas 1903 
**''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''cooki'' Mayer 1910 
**''mastigophora'' Maas 1903*  '''pictured below'''
*''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 
**''annandalei'' Rao 1931 
**''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *  '''pictured below'''
**''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 
**''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

{|
|-
| [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|224x146px|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|Acromitus flagellatus (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|Catostylus mosaicus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
|}
{|
| [[Image:Crambione_mastigophora_3a.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
| [[Image:Cramastigophora0014.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
| [[Image:JotQ_AJ03_SW1.jpg‎|thumb|Crambione mastigophora (Maas 1903)]]
|}

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cepheidae]]  ===

[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''cephea'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''conifera'' Haeckel 1880 
**''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**sp.  see Mayer 1915 
**sp.  see Stiasny 1937 
**sp.  see Kramp 1958 
*''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
**''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 
**''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)*  '''pictured'''
{|
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat1.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat2.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat3.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat4.jpg|thumb|upright|Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri 1778)]]
|
|}
*''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 
**''coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
**''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898* 
*''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 
**''shawi'' Light 1921 * 
*''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 
**''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
**''lucerna'' Haeckel 1880 *  '''pictured''' 
**''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 
*''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 
**''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * 
**''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884

=== Lobonematidae  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 
**''mayeri'' Light 1914 
**''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * 
*''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 
**''gracilis'' Light 1914 * 
**''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''sewelli'' Rao 1931

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Mastigias albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Mastigias andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 
**''Mastigias gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Mastigias ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''Mastigias pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''[[Mastigias papua]]'' (Lesson 1830) *  '''pictured'''
**''Mastigias roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''Mastigias siderea'' Chun 1896 
**''Mastigias'' sp.  see Rao 1931 
*''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 
**''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * 
*''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
**''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
**''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 *  '''pictured'''
*''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 
**''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) *  '''pictured'''

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

Cuvier 1799 

*Eupilema Haeckel 1880 
**''inexpectata'' Pages, Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
**''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922)
**''nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922) *  '''pictured'''
*''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 
**''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
**''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 
**''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1047</id>
      <parentid>1026</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T05:36:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7346">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (26) 
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right| ''Cassiopea andromeda''  (Forskål 1775)]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''Cassiopea andromeda'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''Cassiopea depressa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cassiopea frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) 
**''Cassiopea medusa'' Light 1914 
**''Cassiopea mertensi'' Brandt 1838 
**''Cassiopea ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899 
**''Cassiopea ornata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cassiopea picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''Cassiopea vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 1  see Holland et al. 2004 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 2  see Holland et al. 2004 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 3  see Holland et al. 2004

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

Gegenbaur 1857 

*''Acromitoides''Stiasny 1921 
**''Acromitoidespurpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''Acromitoidesstiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 * 
**''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)  '''pictured below'''
**''Acromitus hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934 
**''Acromitus maculosus'' Light 1914 * 
**''Acromitus rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915 
**''Acromitus tankahkeei'' Light 1924 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Catostylus cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824) *  '''pictured below''' 
**''Catostylus ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Catostylus ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966 
**''Catostylus perezi'' Ranson 1945 
**''Catostylus tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''Catostylus townsendi'' Mayer 1915  '''pictured below''' 
**''Catostylus tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Catostylus turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''Catostylus viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' Maas 1903 
**''Crambione bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''Crambione cooki'' Mayer 1910 
**''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903*  '''pictured below'''
*''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Crambionella annandalei'' Rao 1931 
**''Crambionella orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *  '''pictured below'''
**''Crambionella stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 
**''Leptobrachia leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

{|
|-
| [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|224x146px|''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
|}
{|
| [[Image:Crambione_mastigophora_3a.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
| [[Image:Cramastigophora0014.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
| [[Image:JotQ_AJ03_SW1.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
|}

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cepheidae]]  ===

[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Cephea cephea'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''Cephea coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Cephea conifera'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cephea octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Mayer 1915 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Stiasny 1937 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Kramp 1958 
*''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Cotylorhiza ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cotylorhiza erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Cotylorhiza pacifica'' Mayer 1915 
**''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)*  '''pictured'''
{|
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat1.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat2.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat3.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat4.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
|
|}
*''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 
**''Netrostoma coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
**''Netrostoma dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''Netrostoma setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''Netrostoma typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898* 
*''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Polyrhiza vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 
**''Anomalorhiza shawi'' Light 1921 * 
*''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lychnorhiza arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Lychnorhiza lucerna'' Haeckel 1880 *  '''pictured''' 
**''Lychnorhiza malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 
*''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 
**''Pseudorhiza aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * 
**''Pseudorhiza haeckeli'' Haacke 1884

=== Lobonematidae  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 
**''Lobonema mayeri'' Light 1914 
**''Lobonema smithi'' Mayer 1910 * 
*''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 
**''Lobonemoides gracilis'' Light 1914 * 
**''Lobonemoides robustus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Lobonemoides sewelli'' Rao 1931

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Mastigias albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Mastigias andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 
**''Mastigias gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Mastigias ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''Mastigias pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''[[Mastigias papua]]'' (Lesson 1830) *  '''pictured'''
**''Mastigias roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''Mastigias siderea'' Chun 1896 
**''Mastigias'' sp.  see Rao 1931 
*''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Mastigietta palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * 
*''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Phyllorhiza luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
**''Phyllorhiza pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''Phyllorhiza peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
**''Phyllorhiza punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 *  '''pictured'''
*''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Thysanostoma flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Thysanostoma loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''Thysanostoma thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 
**''Versuriga anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) *  '''pictured'''

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

Cuvier 1799 

*Eupilema Haeckel 1880 
**''Eupilema inexpectata'' Pages, Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
**''Eupilema scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922)
**''Nemopilema nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922) *  '''pictured'''
*''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 
**''Rhizostoma luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Rhizostoma octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''Rhizostoma pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Rhopilema esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''Rhopilema hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Rhopilema nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
**''Rhopilema rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Rhopilema verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 
**''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1048</id>
      <parentid>1047</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T05:37:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Stomolophidae */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7370">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (26) 
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right| ''Cassiopea andromeda''  (Forskål 1775)]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''Cassiopea andromeda'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''Cassiopea depressa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cassiopea frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) 
**''Cassiopea medusa'' Light 1914 
**''Cassiopea mertensi'' Brandt 1838 
**''Cassiopea ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899 
**''Cassiopea ornata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cassiopea picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''Cassiopea vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 1  see Holland et al. 2004 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 2  see Holland et al. 2004 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 3  see Holland et al. 2004

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

Gegenbaur 1857 

*''Acromitoides''Stiasny 1921 
**''Acromitoidespurpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''Acromitoidesstiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 * 
**''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)  '''pictured below'''
**''Acromitus hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934 
**''Acromitus maculosus'' Light 1914 * 
**''Acromitus rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915 
**''Acromitus tankahkeei'' Light 1924 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Catostylus cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824) *  '''pictured below''' 
**''Catostylus ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Catostylus ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966 
**''Catostylus perezi'' Ranson 1945 
**''Catostylus tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''Catostylus townsendi'' Mayer 1915  '''pictured below''' 
**''Catostylus tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Catostylus turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''Catostylus viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' Maas 1903 
**''Crambione bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''Crambione cooki'' Mayer 1910 
**''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903*  '''pictured below'''
*''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Crambionella annandalei'' Rao 1931 
**''Crambionella orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *  '''pictured below'''
**''Crambionella stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 
**''Leptobrachia leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

{|
|-
| [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|224x146px|''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
|}
{|
| [[Image:Crambione_mastigophora_3a.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
| [[Image:Cramastigophora0014.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
| [[Image:JotQ_AJ03_SW1.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
|}

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cepheidae]]  ===

[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Cephea cephea'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''Cephea coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Cephea conifera'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cephea octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Mayer 1915 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Stiasny 1937 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Kramp 1958 
*''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Cotylorhiza ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cotylorhiza erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Cotylorhiza pacifica'' Mayer 1915 
**''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)*  '''pictured'''
{|
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat1.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat2.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat3.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat4.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
|
|}
*''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 
**''Netrostoma coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
**''Netrostoma dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''Netrostoma setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''Netrostoma typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898* 
*''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Polyrhiza vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 
**''Anomalorhiza shawi'' Light 1921 * 
*''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lychnorhiza arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Lychnorhiza lucerna'' Haeckel 1880 *  '''pictured''' 
**''Lychnorhiza malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 
*''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 
**''Pseudorhiza aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * 
**''Pseudorhiza haeckeli'' Haacke 1884

=== Lobonematidae  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 
**''Lobonema mayeri'' Light 1914 
**''Lobonema smithi'' Mayer 1910 * 
*''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 
**''Lobonemoides gracilis'' Light 1914 * 
**''Lobonemoides robustus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Lobonemoides sewelli'' Rao 1931

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Mastigias albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Mastigias andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 
**''Mastigias gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Mastigias ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''Mastigias pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''[[Mastigias papua]]'' (Lesson 1830) *  '''pictured'''
**''Mastigias roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''Mastigias siderea'' Chun 1896 
**''Mastigias'' sp.  see Rao 1931 
*''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Mastigietta palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * 
*''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Phyllorhiza luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
**''Phyllorhiza pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''Phyllorhiza peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
**''Phyllorhiza punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 *  '''pictured'''
*''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Thysanostoma flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Thysanostoma loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''Thysanostoma thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 
**''Versuriga anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) *  '''pictured'''

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

Cuvier 1799 

*Eupilema Haeckel 1880 
**''Eupilema inexpectata'' Pages, Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
**''Eupilema scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922)
**''Nemopilema nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922) *  '''pictured'''
*''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 
**''Rhizostoma luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Rhizostoma octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''Rhizostoma pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Rhopilema esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''Rhopilema hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Rhopilema nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
**''Rhopilema rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Rhopilema verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Stomolophus fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Stomolophus meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1091</id>
      <parentid>1048</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-11-04T16:03:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Cepheidae */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7417">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (26) 
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right| ''Cassiopea andromeda''  (Forskål 1775)]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''Cassiopea andromeda'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''Cassiopea depressa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cassiopea frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) 
**''Cassiopea medusa'' Light 1914 
**''Cassiopea mertensi'' Brandt 1838 
**''Cassiopea ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899 
**''Cassiopea ornata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cassiopea picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''Cassiopea vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 1  see Holland et al. 2004 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 2  see Holland et al. 2004 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 3  see Holland et al. 2004

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

Gegenbaur 1857 

*''Acromitoides''Stiasny 1921 
**''Acromitoidespurpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''Acromitoidesstiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 * 
**''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)  '''pictured below'''
**''Acromitus hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934 
**''Acromitus maculosus'' Light 1914 * 
**''Acromitus rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915 
**''Acromitus tankahkeei'' Light 1924 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Catostylus cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824) *  '''pictured below''' 
**''Catostylus ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Catostylus ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966 
**''Catostylus perezi'' Ranson 1945 
**''Catostylus tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''Catostylus townsendi'' Mayer 1915  '''pictured below''' 
**''Catostylus tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Catostylus turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''Catostylus viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' Maas 1903 
**''Crambione bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''Crambione cooki'' Mayer 1910 
**''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903*  '''pictured below'''
*''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Crambionella annandalei'' Rao 1931 
**''Crambionella orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *  '''pictured below'''
**''Crambionella stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 
**''Leptobrachia leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

{|
|-
| [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|224x146px|''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
|}
{|
| [[Image:Crambione_mastigophora_3a.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
| [[Image:Cramastigophora0014.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
| [[Image:JotQ_AJ03_SW1.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
|}

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cepheidae]]  ===

[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Cephea cephea'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''Cephea coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Cephea conifera'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cephea octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Mayer 1915 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Stiasny 1937 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Kramp 1958 
*''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Cotylorhiza ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cotylorhiza erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Cotylorhiza pacifica'' Mayer 1915 
**''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)*  '''pictured'''
{|
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat1.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat2.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat3.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat4.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
|
|}
*''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 
**''Netrostoma coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
**''Netrostoma dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''Netrostoma nuda'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 
**''Netrostoma setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''Netrostoma typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898* 
*''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Polyrhiza vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 
**''Anomalorhiza shawi'' Light 1921 * 
*''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lychnorhiza arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Lychnorhiza lucerna'' Haeckel 1880 *  '''pictured''' 
**''Lychnorhiza malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 
*''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 
**''Pseudorhiza aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * 
**''Pseudorhiza haeckeli'' Haacke 1884

=== Lobonematidae  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 
**''Lobonema mayeri'' Light 1914 
**''Lobonema smithi'' Mayer 1910 * 
*''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 
**''Lobonemoides gracilis'' Light 1914 * 
**''Lobonemoides robustus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Lobonemoides sewelli'' Rao 1931

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Mastigias albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Mastigias andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 
**''Mastigias gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Mastigias ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''Mastigias pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''[[Mastigias papua]]'' (Lesson 1830) *  '''pictured'''
**''Mastigias roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''Mastigias siderea'' Chun 1896 
**''Mastigias'' sp.  see Rao 1931 
*''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Mastigietta palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * 
*''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Phyllorhiza luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
**''Phyllorhiza pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''Phyllorhiza peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
**''Phyllorhiza punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 *  '''pictured'''
*''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Thysanostoma flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Thysanostoma loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''Thysanostoma thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 
**''Versuriga anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) *  '''pictured'''

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

Cuvier 1799 

*Eupilema Haeckel 1880 
**''Eupilema inexpectata'' Pages, Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
**''Eupilema scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922)
**''Nemopilema nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922) *  '''pictured'''
*''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 
**''Rhizostoma luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Rhizostoma octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''Rhizostoma pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Rhopilema esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''Rhopilema hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Rhopilema nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
**''Rhopilema rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Rhopilema verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Stomolophus fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Stomolophus meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1178</id>
      <parentid>1091</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:28:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+category</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7443">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (26) 
**Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right| ''Cassiopea andromeda''  (Forskål 1775)]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''Cassiopea andromeda'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''Cassiopea depressa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cassiopea frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) 
**''Cassiopea medusa'' Light 1914 
**''Cassiopea mertensi'' Brandt 1838 
**''Cassiopea ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899 
**''Cassiopea ornata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cassiopea picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''Cassiopea vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 1  see Holland et al. 2004 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 2  see Holland et al. 2004 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 3  see Holland et al. 2004

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

Gegenbaur 1857 

*''Acromitoides''Stiasny 1921 
**''Acromitoidespurpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''Acromitoidesstiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 * 
**''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)  '''pictured below'''
**''Acromitus hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934 
**''Acromitus maculosus'' Light 1914 * 
**''Acromitus rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915 
**''Acromitus tankahkeei'' Light 1924 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Catostylus cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824) *  '''pictured below''' 
**''Catostylus ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Catostylus ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966 
**''Catostylus perezi'' Ranson 1945 
**''Catostylus tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''Catostylus townsendi'' Mayer 1915  '''pictured below''' 
**''Catostylus tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Catostylus turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''Catostylus viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' Maas 1903 
**''Crambione bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''Crambione cooki'' Mayer 1910 
**''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903*  '''pictured below'''
*''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Crambionella annandalei'' Rao 1931 
**''Crambionella orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *  '''pictured below'''
**''Crambionella stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 
**''Leptobrachia leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

{|
|-
| [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|224x146px|''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
|}
{|
| [[Image:Crambione_mastigophora_3a.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
| [[Image:Cramastigophora0014.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
| [[Image:JotQ_AJ03_SW1.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
|}

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cepheidae]]  ===

[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Cephea cephea'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''Cephea coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Cephea conifera'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cephea octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Mayer 1915 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Stiasny 1937 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Kramp 1958 
*''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Cotylorhiza ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cotylorhiza erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Cotylorhiza pacifica'' Mayer 1915 
**''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)*  '''pictured'''
{|
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat1.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat2.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat3.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat4.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
|
|}
*''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 
**''Netrostoma coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
**''Netrostoma dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''Netrostoma nuda'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 
**''Netrostoma setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''Netrostoma typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898* 
*''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Polyrhiza vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 
**''Anomalorhiza shawi'' Light 1921 * 
*''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lychnorhiza arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Lychnorhiza lucerna'' Haeckel 1880 *  '''pictured''' 
**''Lychnorhiza malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 
*''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 
**''Pseudorhiza aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * 
**''Pseudorhiza haeckeli'' Haacke 1884

=== Lobonematidae  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 
**''Lobonema mayeri'' Light 1914 
**''Lobonema smithi'' Mayer 1910 * 
*''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 
**''Lobonemoides gracilis'' Light 1914 * 
**''Lobonemoides robustus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Lobonemoides sewelli'' Rao 1931

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Mastigias albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Mastigias andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 
**''Mastigias gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Mastigias ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''Mastigias pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''[[Mastigias papua]]'' (Lesson 1830) *  '''pictured'''
**''Mastigias roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''Mastigias siderea'' Chun 1896 
**''Mastigias'' sp.  see Rao 1931 
*''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Mastigietta palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * 
*''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Phyllorhiza luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
**''Phyllorhiza pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''Phyllorhiza peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
**''Phyllorhiza punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 *  '''pictured'''
*''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Thysanostoma flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Thysanostoma loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''Thysanostoma thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 
**''Versuriga anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) *  '''pictured'''

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

Cuvier 1799 

*Eupilema Haeckel 1880 
**''Eupilema inexpectata'' Pages, Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
**''Eupilema scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922)
**''Nemopilema nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922) *  '''pictured'''
*''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 
**''Rhizostoma luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Rhizostoma octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''Rhizostoma pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Rhopilema esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''Rhopilema hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Rhopilema nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
**''Rhopilema rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Rhopilema verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Stomolophus fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Stomolophus meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

* ''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1200</id>
      <parentid>1178</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-06T03:19:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Rhizostomeae Species */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7529">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (27) 
**Species (95) [92 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right| ''Cassiopea andromeda''  (Forskål 1775)]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''Cassiopea andromeda'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''Cassiopea depressa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cassiopea frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) 
**''Cassiopea medusa'' Light 1914 
**''Cassiopea mertensi'' Brandt 1838 
**''Cassiopea ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899 
**''Cassiopea ornata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cassiopea picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''Cassiopea vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 1  see Holland et al. 2004 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 2  see Holland et al. 2004 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 3  see Holland et al. 2004

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

Gegenbaur 1857 

*''Acromitoides''Stiasny 1921 
**''Acromitoidespurpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''Acromitoidesstiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 * 
**''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)  '''pictured below'''
**''Acromitus hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934 
**''Acromitus maculosus'' Light 1914 * 
**''Acromitus rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915 
**''Acromitus tankahkeei'' Light 1924 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Catostylus cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824) *  '''pictured below''' 
**''Catostylus ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Catostylus ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966 
**''Catostylus perezi'' Ranson 1945 
**''Catostylus tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''Catostylus townsendi'' Mayer 1915  '''pictured below''' 
**''Catostylus tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Catostylus turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''Catostylus viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' Maas 1903 
**''Crambione bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''Crambione cooki'' Mayer 1910 
**''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903*  '''pictured below'''
*''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Crambionella annandalei'' Rao 1931 
**''Crambionella orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *  '''pictured below'''
**''Crambionella stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 
**''Leptobrachia leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

{|
|-
| [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|224x146px|''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
|}
{|
| [[Image:Crambione_mastigophora_3a.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
| [[Image:Cramastigophora0014.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
| [[Image:JotQ_AJ03_SW1.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
|}

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cepheidae]]  ===

[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Cephea cephea'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''Cephea coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Cephea conifera'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cephea octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Mayer 1915 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Stiasny 1937 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Kramp 1958 
*''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Cotylorhiza ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cotylorhiza erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Cotylorhiza pacifica'' Mayer 1915 
**''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)*  '''pictured'''
{|
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat1.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat2.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat3.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat4.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
|
|}
*''Marivagia'' Galil &amp; Gershwin 2010 
**''Marivagia stellata'' Galil &amp; Gershwin 2010 
*''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 
**''Netrostoma coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
**''Netrostoma dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''Netrostoma nuda'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 
**''Netrostoma setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''Netrostoma typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898* 
*''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Polyrhiza vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 
**''Anomalorhiza shawi'' Light 1921 * 
*''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lychnorhiza arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Lychnorhiza lucerna'' Haeckel 1880 *  '''pictured''' 
**''Lychnorhiza malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 
*''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 
**''Pseudorhiza aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * 
**''Pseudorhiza haeckeli'' Haacke 1884

=== Lobonematidae  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 
**''Lobonema mayeri'' Light 1914 
**''Lobonema smithi'' Mayer 1910 * 
*''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 
**''Lobonemoides gracilis'' Light 1914 * 
**''Lobonemoides robustus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Lobonemoides sewelli'' Rao 1931

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Mastigias albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Mastigias andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 
**''Mastigias gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Mastigias ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''Mastigias pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''[[Mastigias papua]]'' (Lesson 1830) *  '''pictured'''
**''Mastigias roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''Mastigias siderea'' Chun 1896 
**''Mastigias'' sp.  see Rao 1931 
*''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Mastigietta palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * 
*''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Phyllorhiza luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
**''Phyllorhiza pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''Phyllorhiza peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
**''Phyllorhiza punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 *  '''pictured'''
*''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Thysanostoma flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Thysanostoma loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''Thysanostoma thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 
**''Versuriga anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) *  '''pictured'''

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

Cuvier 1799 

*Eupilema Haeckel 1880 
**''Eupilema inexpectata'' Pages, Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
**''Eupilema scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922)
**''Nemopilema nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922) *  '''pictured'''
*''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 
**''Rhizostoma luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Rhizostoma octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''Rhizostoma pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Rhopilema esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''Rhopilema hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Rhopilema nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
**''Rhopilema rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Rhopilema verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Stomolophus fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Stomolophus meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

* ''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1218</id>
      <parentid>1200</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T16:39:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Rhizostomeae Species */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7531">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (27) 
**Species (95) [92 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right| ''Cassiopea andromeda''  (Forskål 1775)]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''Cassiopea andromeda'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''Cassiopea depressa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cassiopea frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) 
**''Cassiopea medusa'' Light 1914 
**''Cassiopea mertensi'' Brandt 1838 
**''Cassiopea ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899 
**''Cassiopea ornata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cassiopea picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''Cassiopea vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 1  see Holland et al. 2004 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 2  see Holland et al. 2004 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 3  see Holland et al. 2004

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

Gegenbaur 1857 

*''Acromitoides''Stiasny 1921 
**''Acromitoides purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''Acromitoides stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 * 
**''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)  '''pictured below'''
**''Acromitus hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934 
**''Acromitus maculosus'' Light 1914 * 
**''Acromitus rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915 
**''Acromitus tankahkeei'' Light 1924 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Catostylus cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824) *  '''pictured below''' 
**''Catostylus ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Catostylus ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966 
**''Catostylus perezi'' Ranson 1945 
**''Catostylus tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''Catostylus townsendi'' Mayer 1915  '''pictured below''' 
**''Catostylus tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Catostylus turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''Catostylus viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' Maas 1903 
**''Crambione bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''Crambione cooki'' Mayer 1910 
**''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903*  '''pictured below'''
*''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Crambionella annandalei'' Rao 1931 
**''Crambionella orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *  '''pictured below'''
**''Crambionella stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 
**''Leptobrachia leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

{|
|-
| [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|224x146px|''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
|}
{|
| [[Image:Crambione_mastigophora_3a.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
| [[Image:Cramastigophora0014.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
| [[Image:JotQ_AJ03_SW1.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
|}

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cepheidae]]  ===

[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Cephea cephea'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''Cephea coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Cephea conifera'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cephea octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Mayer 1915 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Stiasny 1937 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Kramp 1958 
*''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Cotylorhiza ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cotylorhiza erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Cotylorhiza pacifica'' Mayer 1915 
**''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)*  '''pictured'''
{|
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat1.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat2.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat3.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat4.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
|
|}
*''Marivagia'' Galil &amp; Gershwin 2010 
**''Marivagia stellata'' Galil &amp; Gershwin 2010 
*''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 
**''Netrostoma coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
**''Netrostoma dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''Netrostoma nuda'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 
**''Netrostoma setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''Netrostoma typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898* 
*''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Polyrhiza vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 
**''Anomalorhiza shawi'' Light 1921 * 
*''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lychnorhiza arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Lychnorhiza lucerna'' Haeckel 1880 *  '''pictured''' 
**''Lychnorhiza malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 
*''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 
**''Pseudorhiza aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * 
**''Pseudorhiza haeckeli'' Haacke 1884

=== Lobonematidae  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 
**''Lobonema mayeri'' Light 1914 
**''Lobonema smithi'' Mayer 1910 * 
*''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 
**''Lobonemoides gracilis'' Light 1914 * 
**''Lobonemoides robustus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Lobonemoides sewelli'' Rao 1931

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Mastigias albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Mastigias andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 
**''Mastigias gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Mastigias ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''Mastigias pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''[[Mastigias papua]]'' (Lesson 1830) *  '''pictured'''
**''Mastigias roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''Mastigias siderea'' Chun 1896 
**''Mastigias'' sp.  see Rao 1931 
*''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Mastigietta palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * 
*''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Phyllorhiza luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
**''Phyllorhiza pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''Phyllorhiza peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
**''Phyllorhiza punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 *  '''pictured'''
*''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Thysanostoma flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Thysanostoma loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''Thysanostoma thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 
**''Versuriga anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) *  '''pictured'''

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

Cuvier 1799 

*Eupilema Haeckel 1880 
**''Eupilema inexpectata'' Pages, Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
**''Eupilema scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922)
**''Nemopilema nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922) *  '''pictured'''
*''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 
**''Rhizostoma luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Rhizostoma octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''Rhizostoma pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Rhopilema esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''Rhopilema hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Rhopilema nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
**''Rhopilema rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Rhopilema verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Stomolophus fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Stomolophus meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

* ''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1219</id>
      <parentid>1218</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T16:39:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Catostylidae */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7531">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (27) 
**Species (95) [92 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right| ''Cassiopea andromeda''  (Forskål 1775)]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''Cassiopea andromeda'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''Cassiopea depressa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cassiopea frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) 
**''Cassiopea medusa'' Light 1914 
**''Cassiopea mertensi'' Brandt 1838 
**''Cassiopea ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899 
**''Cassiopea ornata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cassiopea picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''Cassiopea vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 1  see Holland et al. 2004 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 2  see Holland et al. 2004 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 3  see Holland et al. 2004

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

Gegenbaur 1857 

*''Acromitoides ''Stiasny 1921 
**''Acromitoides purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''Acromitoides stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 * 
**''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)  '''pictured below'''
**''Acromitus hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934 
**''Acromitus maculosus'' Light 1914 * 
**''Acromitus rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915 
**''Acromitus tankahkeei'' Light 1924 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Catostylus cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824) *  '''pictured below''' 
**''Catostylus ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Catostylus ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966 
**''Catostylus perezi'' Ranson 1945 
**''Catostylus tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''Catostylus townsendi'' Mayer 1915  '''pictured below''' 
**''Catostylus tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Catostylus turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''Catostylus viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' Maas 1903 
**''Crambione bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''Crambione cooki'' Mayer 1910 
**''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903*  '''pictured below'''
*''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Crambionella annandalei'' Rao 1931 
**''Crambionella orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *  '''pictured below'''
**''Crambionella stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 
**''Leptobrachia leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

{|
|-
| [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|224x146px|''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
|}
{|
| [[Image:Crambione_mastigophora_3a.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
| [[Image:Cramastigophora0014.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
| [[Image:JotQ_AJ03_SW1.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
|}

&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Cepheidae]]  ===

[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Cephea cephea'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''Cephea coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Cephea conifera'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cephea octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Mayer 1915 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Stiasny 1937 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Kramp 1958 
*''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Cotylorhiza ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cotylorhiza erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Cotylorhiza pacifica'' Mayer 1915 
**''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)*  '''pictured'''
{|
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat1.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat2.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat3.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat4.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
|
|}
*''Marivagia'' Galil &amp; Gershwin 2010 
**''Marivagia stellata'' Galil &amp; Gershwin 2010 
*''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 
**''Netrostoma coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
**''Netrostoma dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''Netrostoma nuda'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 
**''Netrostoma setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''Netrostoma typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898* 
*''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Polyrhiza vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 
**''Anomalorhiza shawi'' Light 1921 * 
*''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lychnorhiza arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Lychnorhiza lucerna'' Haeckel 1880 *  '''pictured''' 
**''Lychnorhiza malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 
*''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 
**''Pseudorhiza aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * 
**''Pseudorhiza haeckeli'' Haacke 1884

=== Lobonematidae  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 
**''Lobonema mayeri'' Light 1914 
**''Lobonema smithi'' Mayer 1910 * 
*''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 
**''Lobonemoides gracilis'' Light 1914 * 
**''Lobonemoides robustus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Lobonemoides sewelli'' Rao 1931

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Mastigias albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Mastigias andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 
**''Mastigias gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Mastigias ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''Mastigias pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''[[Mastigias papua]]'' (Lesson 1830) *  '''pictured'''
**''Mastigias roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''Mastigias siderea'' Chun 1896 
**''Mastigias'' sp.  see Rao 1931 
*''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Mastigietta palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * 
*''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Phyllorhiza luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
**''Phyllorhiza pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''Phyllorhiza peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
**''Phyllorhiza punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 *  '''pictured'''
*''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Thysanostoma flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Thysanostoma loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''Thysanostoma thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 
**''Versuriga anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) *  '''pictured'''

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

Cuvier 1799 

*Eupilema Haeckel 1880 
**''Eupilema inexpectata'' Pages, Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
**''Eupilema scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922)
**''Nemopilema nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922) *  '''pictured'''
*''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 
**''Rhizostoma luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Rhizostoma octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''Rhizostoma pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Rhopilema esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''Rhopilema hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Rhopilema nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
**''Rhopilema rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Rhopilema verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Stomolophus fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Stomolophus meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

* ''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>er-cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7534">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (27) 
**Species (95) [92 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right| ''Cassiopea andromeda''  (Forskål 1775)]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''Cassiopea andromeda'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''Cassiopea depressa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cassiopea frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) 
**''Cassiopea medusa'' Light 1914 
**''Cassiopea mertensi'' Brandt 1838 
**''Cassiopea ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899 
**''Cassiopea ornata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cassiopea picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''Cassiopea vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 1  see Holland et al. 2004 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 2  see Holland et al. 2004 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 3  see Holland et al. 2004

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

Gegenbaur 1857 

*''Acromitoides ''Stiasny 1921 
**''Acromitoides purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''Acromitoides stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 * 
**''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)  '''pictured below'''
**''Acromitus hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934 
**''Acromitus maculosus'' Light 1914 * 
**''Acromitus rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915 
**''Acromitus tankahkeei'' Light 1924 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Catostylus cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824) *  '''pictured below''' 
**''Catostylus ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Catostylus ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966 
**''Catostylus perezi'' Ranson 1945 
**''Catostylus tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''Catostylus townsendi'' Mayer 1915  '''pictured below''' 
**''Catostylus tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Catostylus turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''Catostylus viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' Maas 1903 
**''Crambione bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''Crambione cooki'' Mayer 1910 
**''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903*  '''pictured below'''
*''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Crambionella annandalei'' Rao 1931 
**''Crambionella orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *  '''pictured below'''
**''Crambionella stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 
**''Leptobrachia leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

{|
|-
| [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|224x146px|''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
|}
{|
| [[Image:Crambione_mastigophora_3a.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
| [[Image:Cramastigophora0014.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
| [[Image:JotQ_AJ03_SW1.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
|}

&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Cepheidae]]  ===

[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Cephea cephea'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''Cephea coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Cephea conifera'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cephea octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Mayer 1915 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Stiasny 1937 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Kramp 1958 
*''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Cotylorhiza ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cotylorhiza erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Cotylorhiza pacifica'' Mayer 1915 
**''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)*  '''pictured'''
{|
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat1.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat2.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat3.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat4.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
|
|}
*''Marivagia'' Galil &amp; Gershwin 2010 
**''Marivagia stellata'' Galil &amp; Gershwin 2010 
*''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 
**''Netrostoma coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
**''Netrostoma dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''Netrostoma nuda'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 
**''Netrostoma setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''Netrostoma typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898* 
*''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Polyrhiza vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 
**''Anomalorhiza shawi'' Light 1921 * 
*''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lychnorhiza arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Lychnorhiza lucerna'' Haeckel 1880 *  '''pictured''' 
**''Lychnorhiza malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 
*''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 
**''Pseudorhiza aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * 
**''Pseudorhiza haeckeli'' Haacke 1884

=== Lobonematidae  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 
**''Lobonema mayeri'' Light 1914 
**''Lobonema smithi'' Mayer 1910 * 
*''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 
**''Lobonemoides gracilis'' Light 1914 * 
**''Lobonemoides robustus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Lobonemoides sewelli'' Rao 1931

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Mastigias albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Mastigias andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 
**''Mastigias gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Mastigias ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''Mastigias pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''[[Mastigias papua]]'' (Lesson 1830) *  '''pictured'''
**''Mastigias roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''Mastigias siderea'' Chun 1896 
**''Mastigias'' sp.  see Rao 1931 
*''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Mastigietta palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * 
*''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Phyllorhiza luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
**''Phyllorhiza pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''Phyllorhiza peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
**''Phyllorhiza punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 *  '''pictured'''
*''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Thysanostoma flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Thysanostoma loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''Thysanostoma thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 
**''Versuriga anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) *  '''pictured'''

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

Cuvier 1799 

*Eupilema Haeckel 1880 
**''Eupilema inexpectata'' Pages, Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
**''Eupilema scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922)
**''Nemopilema nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922) *  '''pictured'''
*''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 
**''Rhizostoma luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Rhizostoma octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''Rhizostoma pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Rhopilema esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''Rhopilema hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Rhopilema nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
**''Rhopilema rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Rhopilema verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Stomolophus fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Stomolophus meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

* ''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''

[[Category:Rhizostomeae]]</text>
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        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Catostylidae */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7585">*Order Rhizostomeae (Cuvier 1799) 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.&lt;br&gt; 

== Rhizostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (8)''' 

*Genus (27) 
**Species (95) [92 morphological + 3 molecular]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cassiopeidae]]  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right| ''Cassiopea andromeda''  (Forskål 1775)]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''Cassiopea andromeda'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''Cassiopea depressa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cassiopea frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) 
**''Cassiopea medusa'' Light 1914 
**''Cassiopea mertensi'' Brandt 1838 
**''Cassiopea ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899 
**''Cassiopea ornata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cassiopea picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''Cassiopea vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 1  see Holland et al. 2004 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 2  see Holland et al. 2004 
**''Cassiopea'' sp. 3  see Holland et al. 2004

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Catostylidae]]  ===

Gegenbaur 1857 

*''Acromitoides ''Stiasny 1921 
**''Acromitoides purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''Acromitoides stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
*''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 * 
**''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)  '''pictured below'''
**''Acromitus hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934 
**''Acromitus maculosus'' Light 1914 * 
**''Acromitus rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915 
**''Acromitus tankahkeei'' Light 1924 
*''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Catostylus cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
**''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824) *  '''pictured below''' 
**''Catostylus ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Catostylus ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966 
**''Catostylus perezi'' Ranson 1945 
**''Catostylus tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
**''Catostylus townsendi'' Mayer 1915  '''pictured below''' 
**''Catostylus tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Catostylus turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
**''Catostylus viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Crambione'' Maas 1903 
**''Crambione bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''Crambione cooki'' Mayer 1910 
**''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903*  '''pictured below'''
*''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Crambionella annandalei'' Rao 1931 
**''Crambionella helmbiru'' Nishikawa et al. 2014 
**''Crambionella orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) *  '''pictured below'''
**''Crambionella stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
*''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 
**''Leptobrachia leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821)*&lt;br&gt;

{|
|-
| [[Image:Acromitus flag0.JPG|thumb|224x146px|''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:Acromitus flag1.JPG|thumb|''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG|thumb|''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]] 
| [[Image:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg|thumb|''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824)]]
|}
{|
| [[Image:Crambione_mastigophora_3a.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
| [[Image:Cramastigophora0014.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
| [[Image:JotQ_AJ03_SW1.jpg‎|thumb|''Crambione mastigophora'' Maas 1903]]
|}

&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Cepheidae]]  ===

[[Image:Catostylus town.jpg|thumb|right|Catostylus townsendi Mayer 1915]] L. Agassiz 1862 

*''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Cephea cephea'' (Forskål 1775)  '''pictured'''
**''Cephea coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Cephea conifera'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cephea octostyla'' (Forskål 1775)* 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Mayer 1915 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Stiasny 1937 
**''Cephea'' sp.  see Kramp 1958 
*''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Cotylorhiza ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Cotylorhiza erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Cotylorhiza pacifica'' Mayer 1915 
**''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)*  '''pictured'''
{|
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat1.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat2.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat3.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
| [[Image:Cotylo_Tub_LaCiotat4.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778)]]
|
|}
*''Marivagia'' Galil &amp; Gershwin 2010 
**''Marivagia stellata'' Galil &amp; Gershwin 2010 
*''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 
**''Netrostoma coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
**''Netrostoma dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
**''Netrostoma nuda'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 
**''Netrostoma setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''Netrostoma typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898* 
*''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Polyrhiza vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835)*

=== Lychnorhizidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 
**''Anomalorhiza shawi'' Light 1921 * 
*''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lychnorhiza arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Lychnorhiza lucerna'' Haeckel 1880 *  '''pictured''' 
**''Lychnorhiza malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 
*''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 
**''Pseudorhiza aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * 
**''Pseudorhiza haeckeli'' Haacke 1884

=== Lobonematidae  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 
**''Lobonema mayeri'' Light 1914 
**''Lobonema smithi'' Mayer 1910 * 
*''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 
**''Lobonemoides gracilis'' Light 1914 * 
**''Lobonemoides robustus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Lobonemoides sewelli'' Rao 1931

=== [[Mastigiidae]]  ===

Stiasny 1921 

*''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Mastigias albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 
**''Mastigias andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 
**''Mastigias gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Mastigias ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
**''Mastigias pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
**''[[Mastigias papua]]'' (Lesson 1830) *  '''pictured'''
**''Mastigias roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''Mastigias siderea'' Chun 1896 
**''Mastigias'' sp.  see Rao 1931 
*''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Mastigietta palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * 
*''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Phyllorhiza luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
**''Phyllorhiza pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
**''Phyllorhiza peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
**''Phyllorhiza punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 *  '''pictured'''
*''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Thysanostoma flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''Thysanostoma loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
**''Thysanostoma thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 
**''Versuriga anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) *  '''pictured'''

=== Rhizostomatidae  ===

Cuvier 1799 

*Eupilema Haeckel 1880 
**''Eupilema inexpectata'' Pages, Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
**''Eupilema scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Nemopilema'' (Kishinouye 1922)
**''Nemopilema nomurai'' (Kishinouye 1922) *  '''pictured'''
*''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 
**''Rhizostoma luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
**''Rhizostoma octopus'' (Macri 1778) 
**''Rhizostoma pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
*''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Rhopilema esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''Rhopilema hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
**''Rhopilema nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
**''Rhopilema rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Rhopilema verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887)

=== Stomolophidae  ===

Haeckel 1880 

*''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Stomolophus fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Stomolophus meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 *

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

* ''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''

[[Category:Rhizostomeae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Scyphomedusae</title>
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      <comment>New page:  == Class Scyphozoa ==   ===Order Coronatae===   ===Order Rhizostomeae===    ===Order Semaeostomeae===</comment>
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== Class Scyphozoa ==


===Order Coronatae===


===Order Rhizostomeae=== 


===Order Semaeostomeae===</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1061</id>
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      <timestamp>2010-06-17T14:27:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Class Scyphozoa */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="101">== Class Scyphozoa ==


===Order Coronatae===


===Order Rhizostomeae=== 


===Order Semaeostomeae===</text>
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      <id>1062</id>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Class Scyphozoa */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="413">== Class Scyphozoa ==


===Order [[Media:Coronatae]]===


===Order [[Media:Rhizostomeae]]=== 
Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

===Order [[Media:Semaeostomeae]]===</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1063</id>
      <parentid>1062</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-17T14:30:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="395">== Class Scyphozoa ==


===Order [[Coronatae]]===


===Order [[Rhizostomeae]]=== 
Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

===Order [[Semaeostomeae]]===</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1064</id>
      <parentid>1063</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-17T14:31:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="809">== Class Scyphozoa ==


===Order [[Coronatae]]===
Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.

===Order [[Rhizostomeae]]=== 
Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

===Order [[Semaeostomeae]]===</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1065</id>
      <parentid>1064</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-17T14:31:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1149">== Class Scyphozoa ==


===Order [[Coronatae]]===
Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.

===Order [[Rhizostomeae]]=== 
Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

===Order [[Semaeostomeae]]===
Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1135</id>
      <parentid>1065</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:06:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1172">== Class Scyphozoa ==

===Order [[Coronatae]]===
Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.

===Order [[Rhizostomeae]]=== 
Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

===Order [[Semaeostomeae]]===
Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1834</id>
      <parentid>1135</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-02-21T07:04:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmberRowe</username>
        <id>829</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Order Coronatae */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1396">== Class Scyphozoa ==

===Order [[Coronatae]]===
Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://wilmette.patch.com/users/tyler-kochman &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important; background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;kochman wilmette&lt;/span&gt;] marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.

===Order [[Rhizostomeae]]=== 
Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

===Order [[Semaeostomeae]]===
Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1845</id>
      <parentid>1834</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-02-22T05:21:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/AmberRowe|AmberRowe]] ([[User talk:AmberRowe|Talk]]); changed back to last version by [[User:Mithril|Mithril]]</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1172">== Class Scyphozoa ==

===Order [[Coronatae]]===
Scyphomedusae with the umbrella margin cleft into lappets; with a single mouth opening provided with simple lips; with sense organs (rhopalia) and solid marginal tentacles arising from clefts between the lappets; with a circular, coronal furrow in the exumbrella, and peripheral to this a zone of gelatinous thickenings (pedalia) divided by radiating clefts alternating in position with the tentacles and rhopalia.

===Order [[Rhizostomeae]]=== 
Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts.

===Order [[Semaeostomeae]]===
Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Semaeostomeae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84</id>
    <revision>
      <id>519</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T20:46:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862'''  Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)  Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without peda...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4511">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862'''

Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999), Gershwin (2001), Dawson (2003)
Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.
Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (3)''' || '''Genus (19)''' || '''Species (63)''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || '' Cyanea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
|  ||  || ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-|  
|  ||  || ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''rosea'' Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824|| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
|  ||  	''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''glaciale'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 || ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp; Bloom 1997|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''colorata'' (Russell 1964)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''helvola'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  	spp. || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Pelagia'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 || ''malayensis'' Goette 1886|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 || [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>520</id>
      <parentid>519</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T20:55:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5248">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862'''

Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999), Gershwin (2001), Dawson (2003)
Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.
Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (3)''' || '''Genus (19)''' || '''Species (63)''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || '' Cyanea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
|  ||  || ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-|  
|  ||  || ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''rosea'' Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824|| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
|  ||  	''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''glaciale'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 || ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp; Bloom 1997|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''colorata'' (Russell 1964)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''helvola'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  	spp. || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Pelagia'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 || ''malayensis'' Goette 1886|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 || [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-''
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''colpota'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot;|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''solida'' Browne 1905|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || spp.|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 1 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 	California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D) 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 2 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	Brazil (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 4 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 5 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 6 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 7 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 8 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 9 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 11 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  	''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 ||  ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
|  ||  	''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 ||  ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp; Harbison, 1988|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 9 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 9 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 9 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>521</id>
      <parentid>520</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:07:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6429">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862'''

Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999), Gershwin (2001), Dawson (2003)
Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.
Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (3)''' || '''Genus (19)''' || '''Species (63)''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || '' Cyanea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
|  ||  || ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-|  
|  ||  || ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''rosea'' Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824|| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
|  ||  	''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''glaciale'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 || ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp; Bloom 1997|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''colorata'' (Russell 1964)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''helvola'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  	spp. || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Pelagia'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 || ''malayensis'' Goette 1886|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 || [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-''
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''colpota'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot;|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''solida'' Browne 1905|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || spp.|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 1 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 	California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D) 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 2 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	Brazil (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 4 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 5 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 6 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 7 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 8 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 9 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 11 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  	''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 ||  ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 ||  ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp; Harbison, 1988|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 ||  [[lobata]] Claus 1877 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''philippina'' Mayer 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. Moore 1949|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 ||  ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 ||  ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 || ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	 ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 ||  ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	California (D) 
|-
|  ||  	''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 ||  ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 ||  ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829|| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 ||  [[''gigantea'']] (Browne 1910) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 ||  ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880|| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
}

Please see [Zoo Bank] for more information.

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>522</id>
      <parentid>521</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:08:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6427">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862'''

Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999), Gershwin (2001), Dawson (2003)
Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.
Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (3)''' || '''Genus (19)''' || '''Species (63)''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || '' Cyanea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
|  ||  || ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-|  
|  ||  || ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''rosea'' Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824|| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
|  ||  	''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''glaciale'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 || ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp; Bloom 1997|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''colorata'' (Russell 1964)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''helvola'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  	spp. || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Pelagia'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 || ''malayensis'' Goette 1886|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 || [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-''
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''colpota'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot;|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''solida'' Browne 1905|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || spp.|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 1 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 	California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D) 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 2 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	Brazil (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 4 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 5 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 6 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 7 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 8 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 9 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 11 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  	''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 ||  ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 ||  ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp; Harbison, 1988|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 ||  [[lobata]] Claus 1877 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''philippina'' Mayer 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. Moore 1949|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 ||  ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 ||  ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 || ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	 ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 ||  ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	California (D) 
|-
|  ||  	''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 ||  ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 ||  ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829|| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 ||  [[''gigantea'']] (Browne 1910) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 ||  ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880|| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

Please see [Zoo Bank] for more information.

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>523</id>
      <parentid>522</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:08:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6460">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862'''

Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999), Gershwin (2001), Dawson (2003)
Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.
Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (3)''' || '''Genus (19)''' || '''Species (63)''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || '' Cyanea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
|  ||  || ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-|  
|  ||  || ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''rosea'' Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824|| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
|  ||  	''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''glaciale'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 || ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp; Bloom 1997|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''colorata'' (Russell 1964)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''helvola'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  	spp. || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Pelagia'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 || ''malayensis'' Goette 1886|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 || [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-''
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''colpota'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot;|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''solida'' Browne 1905|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || spp.|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 1 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 	California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D) 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 2 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	Brazil (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 4 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 5 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 6 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 7 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 8 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 9 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 11 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  	''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 ||  ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 ||  ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp; Harbison, 1988|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 ||  [[lobata]] Claus 1877 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''philippina'' Mayer 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. Moore 1949|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 ||  ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 ||  ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 || ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	 ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 ||  ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	California (D) 
|-
|  ||  	''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 ||  ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 ||  ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829|| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 ||  [[''gigantea'']] (Browne 1910) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 ||  ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880|| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information.

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>539</id>
      <parentid>523</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:36:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6460">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862'''

Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999), Gershwin (2001), Dawson (2003)
Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.
Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (3)''' || '''Genus (19)''' || '''Species (63)''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || '' Cyanea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
|  ||  || ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-|  
|  ||  || ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''rosea'' Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824|| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
|  ||  	''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''glaciale'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 || ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp; Bloom 1997|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''colorata'' (Russell 1964)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''helvola'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  	spp. || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Pelagia'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 || ''malayensis'' Goette 1886|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 || [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-''
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''colpota'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot;|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''solida'' Browne 1905|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || spp.|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 1 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 	California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D) 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 2 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	Brazil (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 4 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 5 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 6 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 7 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 8 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 9 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 11 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  	''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 ||  ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 ||  ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp; Harbison, 1988|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 ||  [[lobata]] Claus 1877 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''philippina'' Mayer 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. Moore 1949|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 ||  ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 ||  ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 || ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	 ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 ||  ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	California (D) 
|-
|  ||  	''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 ||  ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 ||  ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829|| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 ||  ''[[gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 ||  ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880|| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information.

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>541</id>
      <parentid>539</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:44:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6715">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862'''

Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999), Gershwin (2001), Dawson (2003)
Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.
Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (3)''' || '''Genus (19)''' || '''Species (63)''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || '' Cyanea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
|  ||  || ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-|  
|  ||  || ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''rosea'' Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824|| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
|  ||  	''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''glaciale'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 || ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp; Bloom 1997|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''colorata'' (Russell 1964)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''helvola'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  	spp. || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Pelagia'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 || ''malayensis'' Goette 1886|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 || [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-''
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''colpota'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot;|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''solida'' Browne 1905|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || spp.|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 1 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 	California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D) 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 2 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	Brazil (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 4 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 5 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 6 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 7 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 8 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 9 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 11 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  	''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 ||  ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 ||  ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp; Harbison, 1988|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 ||  [[lobata]] Claus 1877 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''philippina'' Mayer 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. Moore 1949|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 ||  ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 ||  ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 || ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	 ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 ||  ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	California (D) 
|-
|  ||  	''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 ||  ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 ||  ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829|| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 ||  ''[[gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 ||  ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880|| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information.

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.''


&lt;gallery&gt;
File:colorata.jpg| ''[[colorata]]''
File:fuscescens.jpg| ''[[fuscescens]]''
File:lactea.jpg| ''[[lactea]]''
File:quinquecirrha.jpg| ''[[quinquecirrha]]''
File:noctiluca.jpg| ''[[noctiluca]]''
File:noctiluca2.jpg| ''[[noctiluca2'']]
&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>542</id>
      <parentid>541</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:48:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6531">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862'''

Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999), Gershwin (2001), Dawson (2003)
Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.
Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (3)''' || '''Genus (19)''' || '''Species (63)''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || '' Cyanea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
|  ||  || ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-|  
|  ||  || ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''rosea'' Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824|| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
|  ||  	''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''glaciale'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 || ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp; Bloom 1997|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''colorata'' (Russell 1964)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''helvola'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  	spp. || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Pelagia'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 || ''malayensis'' Goette 1886|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 || [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-''
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''colpota'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot;|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''solida'' Browne 1905|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || spp.|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 1 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 	California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D) 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 2 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	Brazil (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 4 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 5 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 6 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 7 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 8 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 9 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 11 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  	''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 ||  ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 ||  ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp; Harbison, 1988|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 ||  [[lobata]] Claus 1877 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''philippina'' Mayer 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. Moore 1949|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 ||  ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 ||  ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 || ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	 ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 ||  ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	California (D) 
|-
|  ||  	''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 ||  ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 ||  ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829|| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 ||  ''[[gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 ||  ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880|| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information.

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.''


&lt;gallery&gt;
[[Image:colorata.jpg]]
[[Image:fuscescens.jpg]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>543</id>
      <parentid>542</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:49:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6555">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862'''

Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999), Gershwin (2001), Dawson (2003)
Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.
Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (3)''' || '''Genus (19)''' || '''Species (63)''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || '' Cyanea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
|  ||  || ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-|  
|  ||  || ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''rosea'' Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824|| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
|  ||  	''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''glaciale'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 || ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp; Bloom 1997|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''colorata'' (Russell 1964)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''helvola'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  	spp. || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Pelagia'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 || ''malayensis'' Goette 1886|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 || [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-''
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''colpota'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot;|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''solida'' Browne 1905|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || spp.|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 1 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 	California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D) 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 2 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	Brazil (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 4 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 5 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 6 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 7 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 8 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 9 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 11 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  	''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 ||  ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 ||  ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp; Harbison, 1988|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 ||  [[lobata]] Claus 1877 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''philippina'' Mayer 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. Moore 1949|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 ||  ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 ||  ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 || ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	 ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 ||  ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	California (D) 
|-
|  ||  	''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 ||  ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 ||  ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829|| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 ||  ''[[gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 ||  ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880|| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information.

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.''


&lt;gallery&gt;
File:colorata.jpg|colorata
File:Example.jpg|a link to [[Help:Contents]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>544</id>
      <parentid>543</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:50:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6565">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862'''

Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.

----


Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999), Gershwin (2001), Dawson (2003)
Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.
Type = *


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
| '''Family (3)''' || '''Genus (19)''' || '''Species (63)''' || align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862  || '' Cyanea'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 ||''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) ||align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  ||  || ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 || align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
|  ||  || ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * || align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-|  
|  ||  || ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''rosea'' Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824|| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
|  ||  	''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 || ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''comatum'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''glaciale'' Larson 1986|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 || ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 || ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp; Bloom 1997|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''colorata'' (Russell 1964)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''helvola'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  	spp. || align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Pelagia'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 || ''malayensis'' Goette 1886|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 || [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810 || ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-''
|  ||  || ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''colpota'' Brandt 1838|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt 1821|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot;|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
|  ||  || ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || ''solida'' Browne 1905|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  || spp.|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 1 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 	California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D) 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 2 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	Brazil (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 4 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 5 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 6 (morphological, molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	Palau (D, M)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 7 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 8 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 9 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata|| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. 11 (molecular)|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  Kwajalein (D)
|-
|  ||  	''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 ||  ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 ||  ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp; Harbison, 1988|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 ||  [[lobata]] Claus 1877 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''philippina'' Mayer 1910|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  sp. Moore 1949|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 ||  ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 ||  ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|  || ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 || ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	 ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 ||  ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  	California (D) 
|-
|  ||  	''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 ||  ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 ||  ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829|| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 ||  ''[[gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  	''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 ||  ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  || ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880|| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 *|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
|  ||  ||  ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information.

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.''


&lt;gallery&gt;
File:[[Image:colorata.jpg]]|colorata
File:Example.jpg|a link to [[Help:Contents]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>546</id>
      <parentid>544</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:53:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6536">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), Gershwin (2001), Dawson (2003) Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824
| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) *
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 *
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902)
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964)
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902)
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830)
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886)
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) *
| align=&quot;right&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp.
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular)
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular)
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular)
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular)
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular)
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular)
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular)
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular)
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular)
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 *
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 *
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 *
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 *
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 *
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 *
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 *
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 *
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 *
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) *
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 *
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 *
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:colorata.jpg|Colorata
File:Example.jpg|a link to [[Help:Contents]]
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg| ''italic caption''
File:Example.jpg|on page &quot;{{PAGENAME}}&quot;
&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>547</id>
      <parentid>546</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:56:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6598">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), Gershwin (2001), Dawson (2003) Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Example.jpg|Item 1
File:Example.jpg|a link to [[Help:Contents]]
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg| ''italic caption''
File:Example.jpg|on page &quot;{{PAGENAME}}&quot;
&lt;/gallery&gt;


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>549</id>
      <parentid>547</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:58:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6584">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), Gershwin (2001), Dawson (2003) Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Example.jpg|Item 1
File:Fuscescens.jpg|Fuscescens
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg| ''italic caption''
File:Example.jpg|on page &quot;{{PAGENAME}}&quot;
&lt;/gallery&gt;


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>550</id>
      <parentid>549</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:23:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6633">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), Gershwin (2001), Dawson (2003) Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

&lt;gallery&gt;
colorata.jpg| ''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964)Monterey Bay Aquarium
File:Fuscescens.jpg|Fuscescens
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg| ''italic caption''
File:Example.jpg|on page &quot;{{PAGENAME}}&quot;
&lt;/gallery&gt;


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>552</id>
      <parentid>550</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:24:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6643">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), Gershwin (2001), Dawson (2003) Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

&lt;gallery&gt;
[[Image:colorata.jpg]]| ''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964)Monterey Bay Aquarium
File:Fuscescens.jpg|Fuscescens
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg| ''italic caption''
File:Example.jpg|on page &quot;{{PAGENAME}}&quot;
&lt;/gallery&gt;


{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>553</id>
      <parentid>552</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:25:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6617">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), Gershwin (2001), Dawson (2003) Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

&lt;gallery&gt;[[Image:colorata.jpg]]| ''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964)Monterey Bay Aquarium
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg| ''italic caption''
File:Example.jpg|on page &quot;{{PAGENAME}}&quot;&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>554</id>
      <parentid>553</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:26:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6596">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), Gershwin (2001), Dawson (2003) Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

&lt;gallery&gt;
| ''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964)Monterey Bay Aquarium
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg| ''italic caption''
File:Example.jpg|on page &quot;{{PAGENAME}}&quot;&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>555</id>
      <parentid>554</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:27:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6617">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), Gershwin (2001), Dawson (2003) Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

&lt;gallery&gt;
[[Image:colorata.jpg|''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964)Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg| ''italic caption''
File:Example.jpg|on page &quot;{{PAGENAME}}&quot;&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>556</id>
      <parentid>555</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:29:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6617">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999), Gershwin (2001), Dawson (2003) Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

&lt;gallery&gt;
[[Image:Colorata.jpg]]|''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964)Monterey Bay Aquarium
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg| ''italic caption''
File:Example.jpg|on page &quot;{{PAGENAME}}&quot;&lt;/gallery&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>557</id>
      <parentid>556</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:33:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6459">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----
&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. &lt;br&gt;
Agassiz 1862 
| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) '''[[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px| Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>558</id>
      <parentid>557</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:34:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6462">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. &lt;br&gt; 
Agassiz 1862 

| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) '''[[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]''' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>560</id>
      <parentid>558</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:43:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6547">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. &lt;br&gt; 
Agassiz 1862 

| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) '''[[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]''' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 [[Image:lact|thumb|left|  Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>562</id>
      <parentid>560</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:45:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6559">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. &lt;br&gt; 
Agassiz 1862 

| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) '''[[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]''' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829&amp;nbsp;[[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|  Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>564</id>
      <parentid>562</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:46:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6569">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. &lt;br&gt; 
Agassiz 1862 

| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) '''[[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829&amp;nbsp;[[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)[[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|  Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>569</id>
      <parentid>564</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:53:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6689">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. &lt;br&gt; 
Agassiz 1862 

| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) '''[[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829&amp;nbsp;[[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)[[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| 
''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *

[[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]]

[[See more images here]].

| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>570</id>
      <parentid>569</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:54:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6698">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. &lt;br&gt; 
Agassiz 1862 

| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) '''[[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829&amp;nbsp;[[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)[[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| 
''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 

[[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]] 

More [[noctiluca]] images here. 

| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>574</id>
      <parentid>570</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:58:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6696">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. &lt;br&gt; 
Agassiz 1862 

| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) '''[[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829&amp;nbsp;[[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)[[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| 
''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 

[[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]] 

More [[Pelagia]] images here. 

| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>578</id>
      <parentid>574</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:04:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6782">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. &lt;br&gt; 
Agassiz 1862 

| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) '''[[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829&amp;nbsp;[[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)[[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| 
''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 

[[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]] 

More [[Pelagia]] images here. 

| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:AureliaSp1_LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>583</id>
      <parentid>578</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:10:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7106">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. &lt;br&gt; 
Agassiz 1862 

| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) '''[[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829&amp;nbsp;[[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)[[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| 
''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 

[[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]] 

More [[Pelagia]] images here. 

| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia_sp3.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia_sp4.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) [[Image:Aurelia_Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|Phacellophora camtschatica Brandt 1838 ]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>590</id>
      <parentid>583</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:17:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7194">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. &lt;br&gt; 
Agassiz 1862 

| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) '''[[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829&amp;nbsp;[[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)[[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| 
''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 

[[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]] 

More [[Pelagia]] images here. 

| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|Phacellophora camtschatica Brandt 1838]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * [[Image:Stella3f_350.jpg|thumb|left|Stellamedusa ventana Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>591</id>
      <parentid>590</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:20:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7289">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. &lt;br&gt; 
Agassiz 1862 

| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) '''[[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829&amp;nbsp;[[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)[[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| 
''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 

[[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]] 

More [[Pelagia]] images here. 

| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|Phacellophora camtschatica Brandt 1838]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|Stellamedusa ventana Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]]

More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also MBARI ''S. ventana'' for more information. 
 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>592</id>
      <parentid>591</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:20:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7353">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. &lt;br&gt; 
Agassiz 1862 

| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| 
| 
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| 
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) '''[[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829&amp;nbsp;[[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)[[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| 
''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 

[[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]] 

More [[Pelagia]] images here. 

| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| 
| 
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| 
| 
| sp. 11 (molecular) [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| 
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|Phacellophora camtschatica Brandt 1838]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D)
|-
| 
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|Stellamedusa ventana Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] 
More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information. 

| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| ''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|-
| 
| 
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>594</id>
      <parentid>592</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:26:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8341">'''Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862''' 

Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961) 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella. 

----

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (3)''' 
| '''Genus (19)''' 
| '''Species (63)''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| [[Cyaneidae]] L. &lt;br&gt; 
Agassiz 1862 

| ''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) '''[[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829&amp;nbsp;[[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)[[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| 
''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 

[[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]] 

More [[Pelagia]] images here. 

| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 11 (molecular) [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|Phacellophora camtschatica Brandt 1838]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|Stellamedusa ventana Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] 
More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information. 

| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| 
''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]][[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]]

Photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;

| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>898</id>
      <parentid>594</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T15:22:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8464">*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.&lt;br&gt; 

== Semaeostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (3)''' 

*Genus (19) 
**Species (63) &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]] (L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 




| ''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D), Norway (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | New South Wales(D,M)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''comatum'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 
| ''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''colorata'' (Russell 1964) '''[[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]''' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829&amp;nbsp;[[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)[[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| 
''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * 

[[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]] 

More [[Pelagia]] images here. 

| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
| ''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 
| [[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Japan (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''solida'' Browne 1905 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| spp. 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 2 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Brazil (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M), Kakaban (D), Hawaii (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 5 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Mljet (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Palau (D, M)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 7 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tasmania (D), New Zealand (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 8 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Adriatic Sea (D), Red Sea
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 9 (molecular) 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Gulf of Mexico (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alaska (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. 11 (molecular) [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Kwajalein (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
| ''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
| [[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| sp. Moore 1949 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
| ''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
| ''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
| ''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|Phacellophora camtschatica Brandt 1838]] 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | California (D)
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| ''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
| ''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|Stellamedusa ventana Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] 
More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information. 

| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
| ''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
| ''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
| 
''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]][[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]]

Photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;

| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;br&gt;
|}

Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>899</id>
      <parentid>898</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T15:36:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5744">*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.&lt;br&gt; 

== Semaeostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (3)''' 

*Genus (19) 
**Species (63) &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]] (L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
**''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * - Alaska (D), Norway (D)
**''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
**''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
**''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
**''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 - New South Wales(D,M)

 &lt;br&gt;
*''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''comatum'' Larson 1986 
**''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
**''glaciale'' Larson 1986 

 &lt;br&gt;
*''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 

&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
**''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
**''colorata'' (Russell 1964) '''[[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]''' 
**''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]] 
**''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
**''hysoscella (Linné 1766) *'' 
**''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829&amp;nbsp;[[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
**''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
**''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
**''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
**''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)[[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 

*''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * [[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]]
More [[Pelagia]] images here. 
 &lt;br&gt;
*''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
**''malayensis'' Goette 1886 

&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*[[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * - N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
**''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
**''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
**''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
**''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
**''solida'' Browne 1905 
**sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]] - California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
**sp. 2 (molecular) 
**sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]] 
**sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
**sp. 5 (molecular) 
**sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
**sp. 7 (molecular) 
**sp. 8 (molecular) 
**sp. 9 (molecular) 
**sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
**sp. 11 (molecular) [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 

&lt;br&gt;
*''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 

*''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
**''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
**''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 

 &lt;br&gt;
*''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
**[[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
**''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
**sp. Moore 1949 

 &lt;br&gt;
*''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
**''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
**''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 

&lt;br&gt;
*''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
**''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 

*''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 

''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
**''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|Phacellophora camtschatica Brandt 1838]] 

&lt;br&gt;
*''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 

*''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
**''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|Stellamedusa ventana Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information. 

*''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 

*''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
**''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 

*''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
**''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]][[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]] Photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;

*''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
**''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 - Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>900</id>
      <parentid>899</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T15:39:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5716">*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.&lt;br&gt; 

== Semaeostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (3)''' 

*Genus (19) 
**Species (63) &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]] (L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
**''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * - Alaska (D), Norway (D)
**''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
**''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
**''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
**''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 - New South Wales(D,M)
*''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''comatum'' Larson 1986 
**''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
**''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
*''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 

=== [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 &lt;br&gt;  ===
*''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
**''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
**''colorata'' (Russell 1964)  
**''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835  
**''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
**''hysoscella'' (Linné 1766) *
**''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
**''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
**''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
**''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)
*''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *  
*''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
**''malayensis'' Goette 1886 

'''[[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]'''
[[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
[[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
[[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
[[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]]
More [[Pelagia]] images here.

&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*[[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * - N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
**''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
**''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
**''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
**''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
**''solida'' Browne 1905 
**sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]] - California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
**sp. 2 (molecular) 
**sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]] 
**sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
**sp. 5 (molecular) 
**sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
**sp. 7 (molecular) 
**sp. 8 (molecular) 
**sp. 9 (molecular) 
**sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
**sp. 11 (molecular) [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 

&lt;br&gt;
*''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 

*''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
**''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
**''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 

 &lt;br&gt;
*''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
**[[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
**''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
**sp. Moore 1949 

 &lt;br&gt;
*''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
**''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
**''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 

&lt;br&gt;
*''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
**''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 

*''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 

''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
**''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|Phacellophora camtschatica Brandt 1838]] 

&lt;br&gt;
*''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 

*''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
**''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|Stellamedusa ventana Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information. 

*''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 

*''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
**''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 

*''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
**''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]][[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]] Photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;

*''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
**''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 - Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>901</id>
      <parentid>900</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T15:41:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5730">*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.&lt;br&gt; 

== Semaeostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (3)''' 

*Genus (19) 
**Species (63) &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;  ===

[[Image:Cass xamachana.jpg|thumb|right|Cassiopea andromeda  (Forskål 1775)]] (L. Agassiz 1862) 

*''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
**''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * - Alaska (D), Norway (D)
**''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
**''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
**''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
**''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 - New South Wales(D,M)
*''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''comatum'' Larson 1986 
**''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
**''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
*''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 &lt;br&gt;  ===
*''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
**''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
**''colorata'' (Russell 1964)  
**''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835  
**''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
**''hysoscella'' (Linné 1766) *
**''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
**''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
**''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
**''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)
*''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *  
*''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
**''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
&lt;br&gt;
{|
[[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]'''
[[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
[[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
[[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
{|
[[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]]
More [[Pelagia]] images here.
|}

&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*[[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * - N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
**''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
**''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
**''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
**''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
**''solida'' Browne 1905 
**sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]] - California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
**sp. 2 (molecular) 
**sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]] 
**sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
**sp. 5 (molecular) 
**sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
**sp. 7 (molecular) 
**sp. 8 (molecular) 
**sp. 9 (molecular) 
**sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
**sp. 11 (molecular) [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 

&lt;br&gt;
*''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 

*''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
**''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
**''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 

 &lt;br&gt;
*''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
**[[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
**''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
**sp. Moore 1949 

 &lt;br&gt;
*''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
**''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
**''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 

&lt;br&gt;
*''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
**''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 

*''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 

''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
**''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|Phacellophora camtschatica Brandt 1838]] 

&lt;br&gt;
*''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 

*''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
**''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|Stellamedusa ventana Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information. 

*''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 

*''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
**''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 

*''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
**''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]][[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]] Photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;

*''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
**''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 - Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>902</id>
      <parentid>901</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T15:42:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5632">*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.&lt;br&gt; 

== Semaeostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (3)''' 

*Genus (19) 
**Species (63) &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
**''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * - Alaska (D), Norway (D)
**''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
**''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
**''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
**''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 - New South Wales(D,M)
*''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''comatum'' Larson 1986 
**''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
**''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
*''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 &lt;br&gt;  ===
*''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
**''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
**''colorata'' (Russell 1964)  
**''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835  
**''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
**''hysoscella'' (Linné 1766) *
**''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
**''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
**''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
**''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)
*''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *  
*''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
**''malayensis'' Goette 1886 
&lt;br&gt;
{|
[[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]'''
[[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
[[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
[[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
{|
[[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]]
More [[Pelagia]] images here.
|}

&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*[[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * - N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
**''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
**''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
**''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
**''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
**''solida'' Browne 1905 
**sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]] - California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
**sp. 2 (molecular) 
**sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]] 
**sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
**sp. 5 (molecular) 
**sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
**sp. 7 (molecular) 
**sp. 8 (molecular) 
**sp. 9 (molecular) 
**sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
**sp. 11 (molecular) [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 

&lt;br&gt;
*''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 

*''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
**''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
**''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 

 &lt;br&gt;
*''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
**[[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
**''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
**sp. Moore 1949 

 &lt;br&gt;
*''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
**''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
**''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 

&lt;br&gt;
*''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
**''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 

*''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 

''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
**''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|Phacellophora camtschatica Brandt 1838]] 

&lt;br&gt;
*''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 

*''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
**''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|Stellamedusa ventana Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information. 

*''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 

*''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
**''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 

*''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
**''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]][[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]] Photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;

*''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
**''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 - Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>903</id>
      <parentid>902</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T15:45:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5651">*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.&lt;br&gt; 

== Semaeostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (3)''' 

*Genus (19) 
**Species (63) &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
**''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * - Alaska (D), Norway (D)
**''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
**''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
**''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
**''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 - New South Wales(D,M)
*''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''comatum'' Larson 1986 
**''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
**''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
*''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 &lt;br&gt;  ===
*''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
**''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
**''colorata'' (Russell 1964)  
**''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835  
**''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
**''hysoscella'' (Linné 1766) *
**''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
**''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
**''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
**''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)
*''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *  
*''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
**''malayensis'' Goette 1886 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]'''
| [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
| [[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| [[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]]
More [[Pelagia]] images here.
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*[[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * - N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
**''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
**''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
**''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
**''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
**''solida'' Browne 1905 
**sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]] - California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
**sp. 2 (molecular) 
**sp. 3 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]] 
**sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
**sp. 5 (molecular) 
**sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
**sp. 7 (molecular) 
**sp. 8 (molecular) 
**sp. 9 (molecular) 
**sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
**sp. 11 (molecular) [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 

&lt;br&gt;
*''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 

*''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
**''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
**''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 

 &lt;br&gt;
*''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
**[[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
**''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
**sp. Moore 1949 

 &lt;br&gt;
*''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
**''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
**''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 

&lt;br&gt;
*''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
**''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 

*''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 

''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
**''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|Phacellophora camtschatica Brandt 1838]] 

&lt;br&gt;
*''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 

*''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
**''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|Stellamedusa ventana Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information. 

*''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 

*''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
**''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 

*''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
**''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]][[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]] Photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;

*''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
**''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 - Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>904</id>
      <parentid>903</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T15:48:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5675">*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.&lt;br&gt; 

== Semaeostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (3)''' 

*Genus (19) 
**Species (63) &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
**''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * - Alaska (D), Norway (D)
**''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
**''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
**''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
**''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 - New South Wales(D,M)
*''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''comatum'' Larson 1986 
**''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
**''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
*''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 &lt;br&gt;  ===
*''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
**''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
**''colorata'' (Russell 1964)  
**''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835  
**''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
**''hysoscella'' (Linné 1766) *
**''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
**''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
**''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
**''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)
*''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *  
*''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
**''malayensis'' Goette 1886 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]'''
| [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
| [[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| [[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]]
More [[Pelagia]] images here.
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*[[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * - N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
**''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
**''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
**''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
**''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
**''solida'' Browne 1905 
**sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) - California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
**sp. 2 (molecular) 
**sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)  
**sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
**sp. 5 (molecular) 
**sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
**sp. 7 (molecular) 
**sp. 8 (molecular) 
**sp. 9 (molecular) 
**sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
**sp. 11 (molecular) 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
| [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 
|}

&lt;br&gt;
*''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 

*''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
**''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
**''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 

 &lt;br&gt;
*''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
**[[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
**''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
**sp. Moore 1949 

 &lt;br&gt;
*''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
**''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
**''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 

&lt;br&gt;
*''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
**''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 

*''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 

''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
**''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|Phacellophora camtschatica Brandt 1838]] 

&lt;br&gt;
*''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 

*''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
**''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|Stellamedusa ventana Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information. 

*''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 

*''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
**''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 

*''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
**''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]][[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]] Photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;

*''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
**''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 - Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>905</id>
      <parentid>904</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T15:51:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5670">*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.&lt;br&gt; 

== Semaeostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (3)''' 

*Genus (19) 
**Species (63) &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
**''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * - Alaska (D), Norway (D)
**''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
**''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
**''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
**''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 - New South Wales(D,M)
*''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''comatum'' Larson 1986 
**''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
**''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
*''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 &lt;br&gt;  ===
*''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
**''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
**''colorata'' (Russell 1964)  
**''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835  
**''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
**''hysoscella'' (Linné 1766) *
**''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
**''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
**''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
**''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)
*''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *  
*''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
**''malayensis'' Goette 1886 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]'''
| [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
| [[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| [[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]]
More [[Pelagia]] images here.
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*[[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * - N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
**''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
**''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
**''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
**''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
**''solida'' Browne 1905 
**sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) - California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
**sp. 2 (molecular) 
**sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)  
**sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
**sp. 5 (molecular) 
**sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
**sp. 7 (molecular) 
**sp. 8 (molecular) 
**sp. 9 (molecular) 
**sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
**sp. 11 (molecular) 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
| [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 
|}

&lt;br&gt;
*''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
**''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
**''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
*''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
**[[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
**''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
**sp. Moore 1949 
*''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
**''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
**''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
*''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
**''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
*''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
**''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
*''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
*''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
**''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *  
*''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
*''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
**''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
*''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
**''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
*''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
**''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 - Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|Phacellophora camtschatica Brandt 1838]] 
| [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|Stellamedusa ventana Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information.
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]][[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]] Photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;
| 
|}
&lt;br&gt;
''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>906</id>
      <parentid>905</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T15:52:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5673">*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.&lt;br&gt; 

== Semaeostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (3)''' 

*Genus (19) 
**Species (63) &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
**''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * - Alaska (D), Norway (D)
**''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
**''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
**''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
**''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 - New South Wales(D,M)
*''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''comatum'' Larson 1986 
**''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
**''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
*''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 &lt;br&gt;  ===
*''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
**''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
**''colorata'' (Russell 1964)  
**''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835  
**''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
**''hysoscella'' (Linné 1766) *
**''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
**''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
**''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
**''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)
*''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *  
*''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
**''malayensis'' Goette 1886 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]'''
| [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
| [[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| [[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]]
More [[Pelagia]] images here.
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*[[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * - N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
**''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
**''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
**''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
**''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
**''solida'' Browne 1905 
**sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) - California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
**sp. 2 (molecular) 
**sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)  
**sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
**sp. 5 (molecular) 
**sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
**sp. 7 (molecular) 
**sp. 8 (molecular) 
**sp. 9 (molecular) 
**sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
**sp. 11 (molecular) 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
| [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 
|}

&lt;br&gt;
*''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
**''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
**''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
*''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
**[[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
**''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
**sp. Moore 1949 
*''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
**''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
**''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
*''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
**''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
*''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
**''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
*''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
*''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
**''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *  
*''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
*''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
**''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
*''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
**''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
*''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
**''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 - Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|Phacellophora camtschatica Brandt 1838]] 
| [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|Stellamedusa ventana Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information.
|}
{|
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]][[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]] Photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;
|}
&lt;br&gt;
''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>907</id>
      <parentid>906</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T15:55:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5693">*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.&lt;br&gt; 

== Semaeostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (3)''' 

*Genus (19) 
**Species (63) &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
**''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * - Alaska (D), Norway (D)
**''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
**''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
**''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
**''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 - New South Wales(D,M)
*''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''comatum'' Larson 1986 
**''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
**''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
*''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 &lt;br&gt;  ===
*''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
**''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
**''colorata'' (Russell 1964)  
**''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835  
**''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
**''hysoscella'' (Linné 1766) *
**''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
**''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
**''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
**''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)
*''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *  
*''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
**''malayensis'' Goette 1886 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]'''
| [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
| [[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| [[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]]
More [[Pelagia]] images here.
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*[[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * - N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
**''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
**''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
**''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
**''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
**''solida'' Browne 1905 
**sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) - California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
**sp. 2 (molecular) 
**sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)  
**sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
**sp. 5 (molecular) 
**sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
**sp. 7 (molecular) 
**sp. 8 (molecular) 
**sp. 9 (molecular) 
**sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
**sp. 11 (molecular) 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
| [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 
|}

&lt;br&gt;
*''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
**''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
**''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
*''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
**[[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
**''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
**sp. Moore 1949 
*''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
**''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
**''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
*''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
**''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
*''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
**''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
*''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
*''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
**''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *  
*''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
*''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
**''[[Gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
*''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
**''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
*''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
**''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 - Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|Phacellophora camtschatica Brandt 1838]] 
| [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|Stellamedusa ventana Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]]
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]] 
|}
''Tiburonia'' photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;
More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information.

&lt;br&gt;
''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>998</id>
      <parentid>907</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T23:17:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ulmaridae Haeckel 1879  */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5693">*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.&lt;br&gt; 

== Semaeostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (3)''' 

*Genus (19) 
**Species (63) &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
**''capillata'' (Linné 1758) * - Alaska (D), Norway (D)
**''citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
**''muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
**''nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
**''purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 - New South Wales(D,M)
*''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''comatum'' Larson 1986 
**''gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
**''glaciale'' Larson 1986 
*''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 &lt;br&gt;  ===
*''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
**''africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
**''colorata'' (Russell 1964)  
**''depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''fuscescens'' Brandt 1835  
**''helvola'' Brandt 1838 
**''hysoscella'' (Linné 1766) *
**''lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
**''pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
**''plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
**''quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)
*''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *  
*''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
**''malayensis'' Goette 1886 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]'''
| [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
| [[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| [[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]]
More [[Pelagia]] images here.
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*[[Aurelia]] Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''aurita'' (Linné 1758) * - N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
**''coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''colpota'' Brandt 1838 
**''labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
**''limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
**''maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
**''solida'' Browne 1905 
**sp. 1 (morphological, molecular) - California (D), France (D), Japan (D), New South Wales (D), Perth (D)
**sp. 2 (molecular) 
**sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)  
**sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
**sp. 5 (molecular) 
**sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
**sp. 7 (molecular) 
**sp. 8 (molecular) 
**sp. 9 (molecular) 
**sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
**sp. 11 (molecular) 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
| [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 
|}

&lt;br&gt;
*''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
**''enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
**''reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
*''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
**[[Lobata]] Claus 1877 * 
**''philippina'' Mayer 1910 
**sp. Moore 1949 
*''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
**''antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
**''malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
*''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
**''parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
*''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
**''camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
*''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
*''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
**''ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *  
*''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
*''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
**''[[gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
*''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
**''granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
*''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
**''prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 - Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|Phacellophora camtschatica Brandt 1838]] 
| [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|Stellamedusa ventana Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]]
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]] 
|}
''Tiburonia'' photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;
More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information.

&lt;br&gt;
''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1030</id>
      <parentid>998</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T04:31:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6329">*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.&lt;br&gt; 

== Semaeostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (3)''' 

*Genus (19) 
**Species (63) &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''Cyanea annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''Cyanea annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''Cyanea buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
**''Cyanea capillata'' (Linné 1758) * - Alaska (D), Norway (D)
**''Cyanea citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''Cyanea ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''Cyanea fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Cyanea lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Cyanea mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Cyanea muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
**''Cyanea nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''Cyanea postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
**''Cyanea purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Cyanea rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 - New South Wales(D,M)
*''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Desmonema chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''Desmonema comatum'' Larson 1986 
**''Desmonema gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
**''Desmonema glaciale'' Larson 1986 
*''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Drymonema dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Drymonema gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 &lt;br&gt;  ===
*''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Chrysaora achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
**''Chrysaora africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''Chrysaora blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
**''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964)  
**''Chrysaora depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''Chrysaora fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''Chrysaora fuscescens'' Brandt 1835  
**''Chrysaora helvola'' Brandt 1838 
**''Chrysaora hysoscella'' (Linné 1766) *
**''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''Chrysaora melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
**''Chrysaora pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
**''Chrysaora plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
**''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)
*''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *  
*''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
**''Sanderia malayensis'' Goette 1886 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora colorata (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]'''
| [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
| [[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| [[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]]
More [[Pelagia]] images here.
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''[[Aurelia]]'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Aurelia aurita'' (Linné 1758) * - N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
**''Aurelia coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''Aurelia colpota'' Brandt 1838 
**''Aurelia labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
**''Aurelia limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
**''Aurelia maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
**''Aurelia solida'' Browne 1905 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 1 (morphological, molecular)
**''Aurelia'' sp. 2 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)  
**''Aurelia'' sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 5 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 7 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 8 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 9 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 11 (molecular) 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
| [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|Aurelia sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 
|}

&lt;br&gt;
*''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Aurosa furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
**''Deepstaria enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
**''Deepstaria reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
*''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
**''[[Discomedusa lobata]]'' Claus 1877 * 
**''Discomedusa philippina'' Mayer 1910 
**''Discomedusa'' sp. Moore 1949 
*''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
**''Diplulmaris antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
**''Diplulmaris malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
*''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Floresca parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Parumbrosa polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
*''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
**''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
*''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Poralia rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
*''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
**''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *  
*''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''Sthenonia albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
*''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
**''[[Stygiomedusa gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
*''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
**''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
*''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Ulmaris prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Ulmaris snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 - Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|Phacellophora camtschatica Brandt 1838]] 
| [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|Stellamedusa ventana Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]]
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]] 
|}
''Tiburonia'' photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;
More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information.

&lt;br&gt;
''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1039</id>
      <parentid>1030</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T04:38:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6381">*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.&lt;br&gt; 

== Semaeostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (3)''' 

*Genus (19) 
**Species (63) &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''Cyanea annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''Cyanea annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''Cyanea buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
**''Cyanea capillata'' (Linné 1758) * - Alaska (D), Norway (D)
**''Cyanea citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''Cyanea ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''Cyanea fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Cyanea lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Cyanea mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Cyanea muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
**''Cyanea nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''Cyanea postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
**''Cyanea purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Cyanea rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 - New South Wales(D,M)
*''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Desmonema chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''Desmonema comatum'' Larson 1986 
**''Desmonema gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
**''Desmonema glaciale'' Larson 1986 
*''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Drymonema dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Drymonema gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 &lt;br&gt;  ===
*''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Chrysaora achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
**''Chrysaora africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''Chrysaora blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
**''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964)  
**''Chrysaora depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''Chrysaora fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''Chrysaora fuscescens'' Brandt 1835  
**''Chrysaora helvola'' Brandt 1838 
**''Chrysaora hysoscella'' (Linné 1766) *
**''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''Chrysaora melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
**''Chrysaora pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
**''Chrysaora plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
**''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)
*''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *  
*''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
**''Sanderia malayensis'' Goette 1886 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]'''
| [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|''Chrysaora fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
| [[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| [[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]]
More [[Pelagia]] images here.
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''[[Aurelia]]'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Aurelia aurita'' (Linné 1758) * - N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
**''Aurelia coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''Aurelia colpota'' Brandt 1838 
**''Aurelia labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
**''Aurelia limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
**''Aurelia maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
**''Aurelia solida'' Browne 1905 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 1 (morphological, molecular)
**''Aurelia'' sp. 2 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)  
**''Aurelia'' sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 5 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 7 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 8 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 9 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 11 (molecular) 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
| [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 
|}

&lt;br&gt;
*''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Aurosa furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
**''Deepstaria enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
**''Deepstaria reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
*''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
**''[[Discomedusa lobata]]'' Claus 1877 * 
**''Discomedusa philippina'' Mayer 1910 
**''Discomedusa'' sp. Moore 1949 
*''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
**''Diplulmaris antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
**''Diplulmaris malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
*''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Floresca parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Parumbrosa polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
*''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
**''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
*''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Poralia rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
*''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
**''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *  
*''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''Sthenonia albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
*''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
**''[[Stygiomedusa gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
*''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
**''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
*''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Ulmaris prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Ulmaris snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 - Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838]] 
| [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]]
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]] 
|}
''Tiburonia'' photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;
More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information.

&lt;br&gt;
''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1089</id>
      <parentid>1039</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-11-04T15:58:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pelagiidae Gegenbaur 1856  */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6760">*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.&lt;br&gt; 

== Semaeostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (3)''' 

*Genus (19) 
**Species (63) &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''Cyanea annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''Cyanea annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''Cyanea buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
**''Cyanea capillata'' (Linné 1758) * - Alaska (D), Norway (D)
**''Cyanea citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''Cyanea ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''Cyanea fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Cyanea lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Cyanea mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Cyanea muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
**''Cyanea nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''Cyanea postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
**''Cyanea purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Cyanea rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 - New South Wales(D,M)
*''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Desmonema chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''Desmonema comatum'' Larson 1986 
**''Desmonema gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
**''Desmonema glaciale'' Larson 1986 
*''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Drymonema dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Drymonema gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
&lt;br&gt;
=== [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 &lt;br&gt;  ===
*''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Chrysaora achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
**''Chrysaora africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''Chrysaora blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
**''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964)  
**''Chrysaora caliparea'' (Reynaud 1830) [species inquirenda - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
**''Chrysaora depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''Chrysaora fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''Chrysaora fuscescens'' Brandt 1835  
**''Chrysaora helvola'' Brandt 1838 
**''Chrysaora hysoscella'' (Linné 1766) *
**''Chrysaora kynthia'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 [nomen dubium - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
**''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''Chrysaora melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
**''Chrysaora pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
**''Chrysaora plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
**''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)
**''Chrysaora southcotti'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008
**''Chrysaora wurlerra'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 [nomen dubium - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
*''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *  
*''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
**''Sanderia malayensis'' Goette 1886 
**''Sanderia pampinosus'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]'''
| [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|''Chrysaora fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
| [[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| [[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]]
More [[Pelagia]] images here.
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''[[Aurelia]]'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Aurelia aurita'' (Linné 1758) * - N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
**''Aurelia coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''Aurelia colpota'' Brandt 1838 
**''Aurelia labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
**''Aurelia limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
**''Aurelia maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
**''Aurelia solida'' Browne 1905 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 1 (morphological, molecular)
**''Aurelia'' sp. 2 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)  
**''Aurelia'' sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 5 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 7 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 8 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 9 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 11 (molecular) 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
| [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 
|}

&lt;br&gt;
*''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Aurosa furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
**''Deepstaria enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
**''Deepstaria reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
*''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
**''[[Discomedusa lobata]]'' Claus 1877 * 
**''Discomedusa philippina'' Mayer 1910 
**''Discomedusa'' sp. Moore 1949 
*''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
**''Diplulmaris antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
**''Diplulmaris malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
*''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Floresca parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Parumbrosa polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
*''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
**''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
*''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Poralia rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
*''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
**''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *  
*''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''Sthenonia albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
*''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
**''[[Stygiomedusa gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
*''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
**''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
*''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Ulmaris prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Ulmaris snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 - Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838]] 
| [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]]
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]] 
|}
''Tiburonia'' photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;
More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information.

&lt;br&gt;
''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1090</id>
      <parentid>1089</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-11-04T15:59:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Cyaneidae L. Agassiz 1862  */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6815">*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.&lt;br&gt; 

== Semaeostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (3)''' 

*Genus (19) 
**Species (63) &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''Cyanea annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''Cyanea annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''Cyanea buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
**''Cyanea capillata'' (Linné 1758) * - Alaska (D), Norway (D)
**''Cyanea citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''Cyanea ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''Cyanea fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Cyanea lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Cyanea mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Cyanea muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
**''Cyanea nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''Cyanea postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
**''Cyanea purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Cyanea rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 - New South Wales(D,M)
*''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Desmonema chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''Desmonema comatum'' Larson 1986 
**''Desmonema gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
**''Desmonema glaciale'' Larson 1986 
**''Desmonema scoresbyanna'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 
*''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Drymonema dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Drymonema gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 &lt;br&gt;  ===
*''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Chrysaora achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
**''Chrysaora africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''Chrysaora blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
**''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964)  
**''Chrysaora caliparea'' (Reynaud 1830) [species inquirenda - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
**''Chrysaora depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''Chrysaora fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''Chrysaora fuscescens'' Brandt 1835  
**''Chrysaora helvola'' Brandt 1838 
**''Chrysaora hysoscella'' (Linné 1766) *
**''Chrysaora kynthia'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 [nomen dubium - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
**''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''Chrysaora melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
**''Chrysaora pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
**''Chrysaora plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
**''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)
**''Chrysaora southcotti'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008
**''Chrysaora wurlerra'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 [nomen dubium - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
*''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *  
*''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
**''Sanderia malayensis'' Goette 1886 
**''Sanderia pampinosus'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]'''
| [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|''Chrysaora fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
| [[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| [[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]]
More [[Pelagia]] images here.
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''[[Aurelia]]'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Aurelia aurita'' (Linné 1758) * - N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
**''Aurelia coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''Aurelia colpota'' Brandt 1838 
**''Aurelia labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
**''Aurelia limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
**''Aurelia maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
**''Aurelia solida'' Browne 1905 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 1 (morphological, molecular)
**''Aurelia'' sp. 2 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)  
**''Aurelia'' sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 5 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 7 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 8 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 9 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 11 (molecular) 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
| [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 
|}

&lt;br&gt;
*''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Aurosa furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
**''Deepstaria enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
**''Deepstaria reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
*''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
**''[[Discomedusa lobata]]'' Claus 1877 * 
**''Discomedusa philippina'' Mayer 1910 
**''Discomedusa'' sp. Moore 1949 
*''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
**''Diplulmaris antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
**''Diplulmaris malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
*''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Floresca parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Parumbrosa polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
*''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
**''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
*''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Poralia rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
*''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
**''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *  
*''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''Sthenonia albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
*''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
**''[[Stygiomedusa gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
*''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
**''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
*''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Ulmaris prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Ulmaris snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 - Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838]] 
| [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]]
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]] 
|}
''Tiburonia'' photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;
More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information.

&lt;br&gt;
''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1094</id>
      <parentid>1090</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-12-26T17:19:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6914">*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.&lt;br&gt; 

== Semaeostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (3)''' 

*Genus (19) 
**Species (63) &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''Cyanea annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''Cyanea annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''Cyanea buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
**''Cyanea capillata'' (Linné 1758) * - Alaska (D), Norway (D)
**''Cyanea citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''Cyanea ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''Cyanea fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Cyanea lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Cyanea mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Cyanea muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
**''Cyanea nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''Cyanea postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
**''Cyanea purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Cyanea rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 - New South Wales(D,M)
*''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Desmonema chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''Desmonema comatum'' Larson 1986 
**''Desmonema gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
**''Desmonema glaciale'' Larson 1986 
**''Desmonema scoresbyanna'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 
&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Drymonematidae]] Haeckel 1880 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Drymonema dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Drymonema gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
**''Drymonema larsoni'' Bayha &amp; Dawson 2010 
&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 &lt;br&gt;  ===
*''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Chrysaora achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
**''Chrysaora africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''Chrysaora blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
**''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964)  
**''Chrysaora caliparea'' (Reynaud 1830) [species inquirenda - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
**''Chrysaora depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''Chrysaora fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''Chrysaora fuscescens'' Brandt 1835  
**''Chrysaora helvola'' Brandt 1838 
**''Chrysaora hysoscella'' (Linné 1766) *
**''Chrysaora kynthia'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 [nomen dubium - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
**''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''Chrysaora melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
**''Chrysaora pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
**''Chrysaora plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
**''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)
**''Chrysaora southcotti'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008
**''Chrysaora wurlerra'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 [nomen dubium - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
*''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *  
*''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
**''Sanderia malayensis'' Goette 1886 
**''Sanderia pampinosus'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]'''
| [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|''Chrysaora fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
| [[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| [[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]]
More [[Pelagia]] images here.
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''[[Aurelia]]'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Aurelia aurita'' (Linné 1758) * - N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
**''Aurelia coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''Aurelia colpota'' Brandt 1838 
**''Aurelia labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
**''Aurelia limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
**''Aurelia maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
**''Aurelia solida'' Browne 1905 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 1 (morphological, molecular)
**''Aurelia'' sp. 2 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)  
**''Aurelia'' sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 5 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 7 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 8 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 9 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 11 (molecular) 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
| [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 
|}

&lt;br&gt;
*''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Aurosa furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
**''Deepstaria enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
**''Deepstaria reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
*''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
**''[[Discomedusa lobata]]'' Claus 1877 * 
**''Discomedusa philippina'' Mayer 1910 
**''Discomedusa'' sp. Moore 1949 
*''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
**''Diplulmaris antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
**''Diplulmaris malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
*''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Floresca parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Parumbrosa polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
*''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
**''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
*''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Poralia rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
*''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
**''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *  
*''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''Sthenonia albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
*''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
**''[[Stygiomedusa gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
*''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
**''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
*''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Ulmaris prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Ulmaris snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 - Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838]] 
| [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]]
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]] 
|}
''Tiburonia'' photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;
More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information.

&lt;br&gt;
''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1096</id>
      <parentid>1094</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-12-26T17:22:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6914">*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.&lt;br&gt; 

== Semaeostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (4)''' 

*Genus (19) 
**Species (64) &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''Cyanea annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''Cyanea annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''Cyanea buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
**''Cyanea capillata'' (Linné 1758) * - Alaska (D), Norway (D)
**''Cyanea citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''Cyanea ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''Cyanea fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Cyanea lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Cyanea mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Cyanea muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
**''Cyanea nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''Cyanea postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
**''Cyanea purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Cyanea rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 - New South Wales(D,M)
*''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Desmonema chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''Desmonema comatum'' Larson 1986 
**''Desmonema gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
**''Desmonema glaciale'' Larson 1986 
**''Desmonema scoresbyanna'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 
&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Drymonematidae]] Haeckel 1880 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Drymonema dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Drymonema gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
**''Drymonema larsoni'' Bayha &amp; Dawson 2010 
&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 &lt;br&gt;  ===
*''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Chrysaora achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
**''Chrysaora africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''Chrysaora blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
**''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964)  
**''Chrysaora caliparea'' (Reynaud 1830) [species inquirenda - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
**''Chrysaora depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''Chrysaora fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''Chrysaora fuscescens'' Brandt 1835  
**''Chrysaora helvola'' Brandt 1838 
**''Chrysaora hysoscella'' (Linné 1766) *
**''Chrysaora kynthia'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 [nomen dubium - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
**''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''Chrysaora melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
**''Chrysaora pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
**''Chrysaora plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
**''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)
**''Chrysaora southcotti'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008
**''Chrysaora wurlerra'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 [nomen dubium - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
*''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *  
*''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
**''Sanderia malayensis'' Goette 1886 
**''Sanderia pampinosus'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]'''
| [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|''Chrysaora fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
| [[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| [[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]]
More [[Pelagia]] images here.
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''[[Aurelia]]'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Aurelia aurita'' (Linné 1758) * - N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
**''Aurelia coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''Aurelia colpota'' Brandt 1838 
**''Aurelia labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
**''Aurelia limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
**''Aurelia maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
**''Aurelia solida'' Browne 1905 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 1 (morphological, molecular)
**''Aurelia'' sp. 2 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)  
**''Aurelia'' sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 5 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 7 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 8 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 9 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 11 (molecular) 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
| [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 
|}

&lt;br&gt;
*''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Aurosa furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
**''Deepstaria enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
**''Deepstaria reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
*''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
**''[[Discomedusa lobata]]'' Claus 1877 * 
**''Discomedusa philippina'' Mayer 1910 
**''Discomedusa'' sp. Moore 1949 
*''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
**''Diplulmaris antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
**''Diplulmaris malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
*''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Floresca parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Parumbrosa polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
*''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
**''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
*''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Poralia rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
*''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
**''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *  
*''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''Sthenonia albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
*''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
**''[[Stygiomedusa gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
*''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
**''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
*''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Ulmaris prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Ulmaris snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 - Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838]] 
| [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]]
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]] 
|}
''Tiburonia'' photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;
More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information.

&lt;br&gt;
''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1157</id>
      <parentid>1096</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:18:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6938">*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.&lt;br&gt; 

== Semaeostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (4)''' 

*Genus (19) 
**Species (64) &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''Cyanea annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''Cyanea annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''Cyanea buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
**''Cyanea capillata'' (Linné 1758) * - Alaska (D), Norway (D)
**''Cyanea citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''Cyanea ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''Cyanea fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Cyanea lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Cyanea mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Cyanea muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
**''Cyanea nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''Cyanea postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
**''Cyanea purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Cyanea rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 - New South Wales(D,M)
*''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Desmonema chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''Desmonema comatum'' Larson 1986 
**''Desmonema gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
**''Desmonema glaciale'' Larson 1986 
**''Desmonema scoresbyanna'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 
&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Drymonematidae]] Haeckel 1880 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Drymonema dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Drymonema gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
**''Drymonema larsoni'' Bayha &amp; Dawson 2010 
&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 &lt;br&gt;  ===
*''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Chrysaora achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
**''Chrysaora africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''Chrysaora blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
**''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964)  
**''Chrysaora caliparea'' (Reynaud 1830) [species inquirenda - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
**''Chrysaora depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''Chrysaora fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''Chrysaora fuscescens'' Brandt 1835  
**''Chrysaora helvola'' Brandt 1838 
**''Chrysaora hysoscella'' (Linné 1766) *
**''Chrysaora kynthia'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 [nomen dubium - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
**''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''Chrysaora melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
**''Chrysaora pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
**''Chrysaora plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
**''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)
**''Chrysaora southcotti'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008
**''Chrysaora wurlerra'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 [nomen dubium - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
*''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *  
*''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
**''Sanderia malayensis'' Goette 1886 
**''Sanderia pampinosus'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]'''
| [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|''Chrysaora fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
| [[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| [[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]]
More [[Pelagia]] images here.
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''[[Aurelia]]'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Aurelia aurita'' (Linné 1758) * - N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
**''Aurelia coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''Aurelia colpota'' Brandt 1838 
**''Aurelia labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
**''Aurelia limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
**''Aurelia maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
**''Aurelia solida'' Browne 1905 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 1 (morphological, molecular)
**''Aurelia'' sp. 2 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)  
**''Aurelia'' sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 5 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 7 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 8 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 9 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 11 (molecular) 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
| [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 
|}

&lt;br&gt;
*''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Aurosa furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
**''Deepstaria enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
**''Deepstaria reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
*''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
**''[[Discomedusa lobata]]'' Claus 1877 * 
**''Discomedusa philippina'' Mayer 1910 
**''Discomedusa'' sp. Moore 1949 
*''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
**''Diplulmaris antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
**''Diplulmaris malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
*''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Floresca parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Parumbrosa polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
*''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
**''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 
*''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Poralia rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
*''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
**''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *  
*''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''Sthenonia albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
*''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
**''[[Stygiomedusa gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
*''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
**''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
*''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Ulmaris prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Ulmaris snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 - Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838]] 
| [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]]
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]] 
|}
''Tiburonia'' photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;
More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information.

&lt;br&gt;
''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1201</id>
      <parentid>1157</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-06T03:26:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Semaeostomeae Species */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7016">*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.&lt;br&gt; 

== Semaeostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)''' 

*Genus (19) 
**Species (64) &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''Cyanea annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''Cyanea annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''Cyanea buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
**''Cyanea capillata'' (Linné 1758) * - Alaska (D), Norway (D)
**''Cyanea citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''Cyanea ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''Cyanea fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Cyanea lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Cyanea mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Cyanea muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
**''Cyanea nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''Cyanea postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
**''Cyanea purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Cyanea rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 - New South Wales(D,M)
*''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Desmonema chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''Desmonema comatum'' Larson 1986 
**''Desmonema gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
**''Desmonema glaciale'' Larson 1986 
**''Desmonema scoresbyanna'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 
&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Drymonematidae]] Haeckel 1880 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Drymonema dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Drymonema gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
**''Drymonema larsoni'' Bayha &amp; Dawson 2010 
&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 &lt;br&gt;  ===
*''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Chrysaora achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
**''Chrysaora africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''Chrysaora blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
**''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964)  
**''Chrysaora caliparea'' (Reynaud 1830) [species inquirenda - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
**''Chrysaora depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''Chrysaora fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''Chrysaora fuscescens'' Brandt 1835  
**''Chrysaora helvola'' Brandt 1838 
**''Chrysaora hysoscella'' (Linné 1766) *
**''Chrysaora kynthia'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 [nomen dubium - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
**''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''Chrysaora melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
**''Chrysaora pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
**''Chrysaora plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
**''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)
**''Chrysaora southcotti'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008
**''Chrysaora wurlerra'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 [nomen dubium - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
*''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *  
*''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
**''Sanderia malayensis'' Goette 1886 
**''Sanderia pampinosus'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]'''
| [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|''Chrysaora fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
| [[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| [[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]]
More [[Pelagia]] images here.
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Phacellophoridae]] Straehler-Pohl, Widmer, &amp; Morandini 2011 &lt;br&gt;  ===
*''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
**''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 


=== [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''[[Aurelia]]'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Aurelia aurita'' (Linné 1758) * - N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
**''Aurelia coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''Aurelia colpota'' Brandt 1838 
**''Aurelia labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
**''Aurelia limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
**''Aurelia maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
**''Aurelia solida'' Browne 1905 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 1 (morphological, molecular)
**''Aurelia'' sp. 2 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)  
**''Aurelia'' sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 5 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 7 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 8 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 9 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 11 (molecular) 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
| [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 
|}

&lt;br&gt;
*''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Aurosa furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
**''Deepstaria enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
**''Deepstaria reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
*''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
**''[[Discomedusa lobata]]'' Claus 1877 * 
**''Discomedusa philippina'' Mayer 1910 
**''Discomedusa'' sp. Moore 1949 
*''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
**''Diplulmaris antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
**''Diplulmaris malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
*''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Floresca parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Parumbrosa polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
*''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Poralia rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
*''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
**''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *  
*''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''Sthenonia albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
*''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
**''[[Stygiomedusa gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
*''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
**''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
*''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Ulmaris prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Ulmaris snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 - Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838]] 
| [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]]
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]] 
|}
''Tiburonia'' photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;
More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information.

&lt;br&gt;
''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1652</id>
      <parentid>1201</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-26T16:13:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pelagiidae Gegenbaur 1856  */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7014">*Order Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz 1862 
*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without a coronal furrow and without pedalia; with (or without) hollow marginal tentacles and with marginal rhopalia; with a single central mouth opening provided with four large curtain-like or gelatinous lips; with gonads in sac-like folds of the endodermal wall of the subumbrella.&lt;br&gt; 

== Semaeostomeae Species  ==

Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA, Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family (5)''' 

*Genus (19) 
**Species (64) &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Cyaneidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Cyanea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810&amp;nbsp; 
**''Cyanea annasethe'' (Haeckel 1880) - Tasmania (D,M), Victoria (D,M)
**''Cyanea annaskala'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''Cyanea buitendijki'' Stiasny 1919 
**''Cyanea capillata'' (Linné 1758) * - Alaska (D), Norway (D)
**''Cyanea citrea'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''Cyanea ferruginea'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''Cyanea fulva'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Cyanea lamarcki'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Cyanea mjöbergi'' Stiasny 1921 
**''Cyanea muellerianthe'' Haacke 1887 
**''Cyanea nozakii'' Kishinouye 1891 
**''Cyanea postelsi'' Brandt 1838 
**''Cyanea purpurea'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Cyanea rosea'' Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824 - New South Wales(D,M)
*''Desmonema'' L. Agassiz 1862 
**''Desmonema chierchianum'' Vanhöffen 1888 
**''Desmonema comatum'' Larson 1986 
**''Desmonema gaudichaudi'' (Lesson 1832) * 
**''Desmonema glaciale'' Larson 1986 
**''Desmonema scoresbyanna'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 
&lt;br&gt; 

=== [[Drymonematidae]] Haeckel 1880 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''Drymonema'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Drymonema dalmatinum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Drymonema gorgo'' F. Müller 1883 
**''Drymonema larsoni'' Bayha &amp; Dawson 2010 
&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Pelagiidae]] Gegenbaur 1856 &lt;br&gt;  ===
*''Chrysaora'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Chrysaora achlyos'' Martin, Gershwin, Burnett, Cargo &amp;amp; Bloom 1997 
**''Chrysaora africana'' (Vanhöffen 1902) 
**''Chrysaora blossevillei'' Lesson 1830 
**''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964)  
**''Chrysaora caliparea'' (Reynaud 1830) [species inquirenda - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
**''Chrysaora depressa'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''Chrysaora fulgida'' (Reynaud 1830) 
**''Chrysaora fuscescens'' Brandt 1835  
**''Chrysaora helvola'' Brandt 1838 
**''Chrysaora hysoscella'' (Linné 1766) *
**''Chrysaora kynthia'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 [nomen dubium - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
**''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
**''Chrysaora melanaster'' Brandt 1838 
**''Chrysaora pacifica'' (Goette 1886) 
**''Chrysaora pentastoma'' Péron &amp; Lesueur 1810
**''Chrysaora plocamia (Lesson 1832)'' 
**''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)
**''Chrysaora wurlerra'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 [nomen dubium - Morandini &amp; Marques (2010)]
*''Pelagia'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) *  
*''Sanderia'' Goette 1886 
**''Sanderia malayensis'' Goette 1886 
**''Sanderia pampinosus'' Gershwin &amp; Zeidler 2008 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Colorata.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora colorata'' (Russell 1964) Monterey Bay Aquarium]]'''
| [[Image:Fuscescens.JPG|thumb|left|226x171px|''Chrysaora fuscescens'' Brandt 1835 Monterey Bay Aquarium]]
| [[Image:Lactea.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county, Brazil]] 
| [[Image:Quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|left|''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848) Bahrain]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG|thumb|left|''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775)  New Zealand]]
More [[Pelagia]] images here.
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== [[Phacellophoridae]] Straehler-Pohl, Widmer, &amp; Morandini 2011 &lt;br&gt;  ===
*''Phacellophora'' Brandt 1835 
**''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838 * 


=== [[Ulmaridae]] Haeckel 1879 &lt;br&gt;  ===

*''[[Aurelia]]'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
**''Aurelia aurita'' (Linné 1758) * - N. Europe (D), NE USA (D)
**''Aurelia coerulea'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
**''Aurelia colpota'' Brandt 1838 
**''Aurelia labiata'' Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821 
**''Aurelia limbata'' (Brandt 1835) - molecular &quot;LIM&quot; 
**''Aurelia maldivensis'' Bigelow 1904 
**''Aurelia solida'' Browne 1905 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 1 (morphological, molecular)
**''Aurelia'' sp. 2 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 3 (morphological, molecular)  
**''Aurelia'' sp. 4 (morphological, molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 5 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 6 (morphological, molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 7 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 8 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 9 (molecular) 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 10 (molecular) cf. limbata 
**''Aurelia'' sp. 11 (molecular) 


&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.1 Long Beach, California, USA]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp3.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.3 Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau]]
| [[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.4 Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau]] 
| [[Image:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg|thumb|left|''Aurelia'' sp.11 Kwajalein, Marshall Islands]] 
|}

&lt;br&gt;
*''Aurosa'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Aurosa furcata'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Deepstaria'' Russell 1967 
**''Deepstaria enigmatica'' Russell 1967 * 
**''Deepstaria reticulum'' Larson, Madin &amp;amp; Harbison, 1988 
*''Discomedusa'' Claus 1877 
**''[[Discomedusa lobata]]'' Claus 1877 * 
**''Discomedusa philippina'' Mayer 1910 
**''Discomedusa'' sp. Moore 1949 
*''Diplulmaris'' Maas 1908 
**''Diplulmaris antarctica'' Maas 1908 * 
**''Diplulmaris malayensis'' Stiasny 1935 
*''Floresca'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Floresca parthenia'' Haeckel 1880 * 
*''Parumbrosa'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Parumbrosa polylobata'' Kishinouye 1910 * 
*''Poralia'' Vanhöffen 1902 
**''Poralia rufescens'' Vanhöffen 1902 * 
*''Stellamedusa'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 
**''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *  
*''Sthenonia'' Eschscholtz 1829 
**''Sthenonia albida'' Eschscholtz 1829 * 
*''Stygiomedusa'' Russell 1959 
**''[[Stygiomedusa gigantea]]'' (Browne 1910) * 
*''Tiburonia'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 
**''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 
*''Ulmaris'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Ulmaris prototypus'' Haeckel 1880 * 
**''Ulmaris snelliusi'' Stiasny 1935 - Please see Zoo Bank [http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm] for more information. 

&lt;br&gt;
{|
| [[Image:Camtschatica.JPG|thumb|left|''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838]] 
| [[Image:Stella3f 350.jpg|thumb|left|''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004]] 
|}
{|
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo1.jpg|thumb|left|''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]]
| [[Image:Tib_granrojo2.jpg|thumb|center|''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003]] 
|}
''Tiburonia'' photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;
More ''[[Stellamedusa]]'' images here. See also [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI ''S. ventana''] for more information.

&lt;br&gt;
''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini, F. Pagès. Update pending.'' 

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shipping information and details</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>185</id>
    <revision>
      <id>760</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T00:05:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Jellyfish samples are necessarily preserved in 2-4% formalin (for morhpological analyses) and 95% ethanol (for DNA analyses*). Both formalin and ethanol are hazardous substances and theref...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3976">Jellyfish samples are necessarily preserved in 2-4% formalin (for morhpological analyses) and 95% ethanol (for DNA analyses*). Both formalin and ethanol are hazardous substances and therefore must be shipped with appropriate precaution. If shipping samples in jars full of preservative, the only way to ship them is to use couriers such as FedEx, DHL, and UPS which will deal with the packages as hazardous materials. Obviously, this is very expensive because [1] such packages are large and/or heavy due to all the preservative, [2] they receive special handling, and [3] it's a door-to-door service. Fortunately, it is usually possible to send samples preserved in 4% formalin or 95% ethanol through the regular postal service as long as their rules are followed. In my experience, most clerks at the post office are not familiar with the regulations regarding sending such substances through the mail (the usual response is that you cannot do it at all), so it is best to read the regulations yourself; usually you'll find that it's OK to send very small quantities if they're packaged accordingly. A method for packing and shipping samples that I learned from Lori J. Bell (and which she had learned from someone else) is explained below. We have never had any problem with this method.


== '''Shipping tissues preserved in ethanol for DNA analyses.''' ==


Materials required: 2 ml vial with a screw-cap and o-ring containing preservative and tissue, whirl-pak bag or box of appropriate size, one 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bag, paper towel (or other absorbant material), 1 rubber band, letter (describing the samples, their origin, their destination, contact information), copies of permits, padded envelope.

Procedure: Make sure the cap is screwed on firmly, place into the whirl-pak bag or box, seal the bag (or box), put into the 4-mil plastic bag including the paper towel, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with 2 rubber bands. Place in the padded envelope along with the letter and copies of permits. Seal, label, and airmail it.
 

== Shipping tissues preserved in formalin for morphological analyses. ==


Materials required: preserved sample, whirl-pak bag of appropriate size, three 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bags, paper towel (or other absorbant material), 3 rubber bands, plenty of packing peanuts (not the corn ones that dissolve when wet), and two cardboard boxes (the smallest should have plenty of space for the specimens, and also fit comfortably inside the larger box)

Procedure: Carefully transfer the specimen into the whirl-pak bag. If there are more than a few ml of residual liquid in the bag. drain the bag. Carefully remove as much air as possible from the whirl-pak bag without damaging the specimen, and seal the bag. Put the whirl-pak bag into one of the 4-mil plastic bags and include some of the paper towel. Twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Place this bag into the second of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Now place this bag into the third of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the smaller box, put the bag in the box, and fill with peanuts. Seal the box. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the larger box, put the smaller box in the larger box, and fill with peanuts. Place the letter and copies of permits on top of the peanuts. Seal the box, label, and airmail it.


* A relatively benign, good, alternative to 95% ethanol is DMSO+NaCl (see Dawson et al. 1998)</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>761</id>
      <parentid>760</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T00:05:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Shipping tissues preserved in ethanol for DNA analyses. */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3968">Jellyfish samples are necessarily preserved in 2-4% formalin (for morhpological analyses) and 95% ethanol (for DNA analyses*). Both formalin and ethanol are hazardous substances and therefore must be shipped with appropriate precaution. If shipping samples in jars full of preservative, the only way to ship them is to use couriers such as FedEx, DHL, and UPS which will deal with the packages as hazardous materials. Obviously, this is very expensive because [1] such packages are large and/or heavy due to all the preservative, [2] they receive special handling, and [3] it's a door-to-door service. Fortunately, it is usually possible to send samples preserved in 4% formalin or 95% ethanol through the regular postal service as long as their rules are followed. In my experience, most clerks at the post office are not familiar with the regulations regarding sending such substances through the mail (the usual response is that you cannot do it at all), so it is best to read the regulations yourself; usually you'll find that it's OK to send very small quantities if they're packaged accordingly. A method for packing and shipping samples that I learned from Lori J. Bell (and which she had learned from someone else) is explained below. We have never had any problem with this method.


== Shipping tissues preserved in ethanol for DNA analysis. ==


Materials required: 2 ml vial with a screw-cap and o-ring containing preservative and tissue, whirl-pak bag or box of appropriate size, one 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bag, paper towel (or other absorbant material), 1 rubber band, letter (describing the samples, their origin, their destination, contact information), copies of permits, padded envelope.

Procedure: Make sure the cap is screwed on firmly, place into the whirl-pak bag or box, seal the bag (or box), put into the 4-mil plastic bag including the paper towel, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with 2 rubber bands. Place in the padded envelope along with the letter and copies of permits. Seal, label, and airmail it.

== Shipping tissues preserved in formalin for morphological analyses. ==


Materials required: preserved sample, whirl-pak bag of appropriate size, three 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bags, paper towel (or other absorbant material), 3 rubber bands, plenty of packing peanuts (not the corn ones that dissolve when wet), and two cardboard boxes (the smallest should have plenty of space for the specimens, and also fit comfortably inside the larger box)

Procedure: Carefully transfer the specimen into the whirl-pak bag. If there are more than a few ml of residual liquid in the bag. drain the bag. Carefully remove as much air as possible from the whirl-pak bag without damaging the specimen, and seal the bag. Put the whirl-pak bag into one of the 4-mil plastic bags and include some of the paper towel. Twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Place this bag into the second of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Now place this bag into the third of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the smaller box, put the bag in the box, and fill with peanuts. Seal the box. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the larger box, put the smaller box in the larger box, and fill with peanuts. Place the letter and copies of permits on top of the peanuts. Seal the box, label, and airmail it.


* A relatively benign, good, alternative to 95% ethanol is DMSO+NaCl (see Dawson et al. 1998)</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828</id>
      <parentid>761</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T23:32:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4201">Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to:

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;



Jellyfish samples are necessarily preserved in 2-4% formalin (for morhpological analyses) and 95% ethanol (for DNA analyses*). Both formalin and ethanol are hazardous substances and therefore must be shipped with appropriate precaution. If shipping samples in jars full of preservative, the only way to ship them is to use couriers such as FedEx, DHL, and UPS which will deal with the packages as hazardous materials. Obviously, this is very expensive because [1] such packages are large and/or heavy due to all the preservative, [2] they receive special handling, and [3] it's a door-to-door service. Fortunately, it is usually possible to send samples preserved in 4% formalin or 95% ethanol through the regular postal service as long as their rules are followed. In my experience, most clerks at the post office are not familiar with the regulations regarding sending such substances through the mail (the usual response is that you cannot do it at all), so it is best to read the regulations yourself; usually you'll find that it's OK to send very small quantities if they're packaged accordingly. A method for packing and shipping samples that I learned from Lori J. Bell (and which she had learned from someone else) is explained below. We have never had any problem with this method. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Shipping tissues preserved in ethanol for DNA analysis.  ==

Materials required: 2 ml vial with a screw-cap and o-ring containing preservative and tissue, whirl-pak bag or box of appropriate size, one 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bag, paper towel (or other absorbant material), 1 rubber band, letter (describing the samples, their origin, their destination, contact information), copies of permits, padded envelope. 

Procedure: Make sure the cap is screwed on firmly, place into the whirl-pak bag or box, seal the bag (or box), put into the 4-mil plastic bag including the paper towel, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with 2 rubber bands. Place in the padded envelope along with the letter and copies of permits. Seal, label, and airmail it. 

== Shipping tissues preserved in formalin for morphological analyses.  ==

Materials required: preserved sample, whirl-pak bag of appropriate size, three 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bags, paper towel (or other absorbant material), 3 rubber bands, plenty of packing peanuts (not the corn ones that dissolve when wet), and two cardboard boxes (the smallest should have plenty of space for the specimens, and also fit comfortably inside the larger box) 

Procedure: Carefully transfer the specimen into the whirl-pak bag. If there are more than a few ml of residual liquid in the bag. drain the bag. Carefully remove as much air as possible from the whirl-pak bag without damaging the specimen, and seal the bag. Put the whirl-pak bag into one of the 4-mil plastic bags and include some of the paper towel. Twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Place this bag into the second of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Now place this bag into the third of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the smaller box, put the bag in the box, and fill with peanuts. Seal the box. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the larger box, put the smaller box in the larger box, and fill with peanuts. Place the letter and copies of permits on top of the peanuts. Seal the box, label, and airmail it. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*A relatively benign, good, alternative to 95% ethanol is DMSO+NaCl (see Dawson et al. 1998)</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>950</id>
      <parentid>828</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-31T06:08:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4387">Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to: 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

Jellyfish samples are necessarily preserved in 2-4% formalin (for morhpological analyses) and 95% ethanol (for DNA analyses*). Both formalin and ethanol are hazardous substances and therefore must be shipped with appropriate precaution. If shipping samples in jars full of preservative, the only way to ship them is to use couriers such as FedEx, [[www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp|DHL]], and [http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav UPS] which will deal with the packages as hazardous materials. Obviously, this is very expensive because [1] such packages are large and/or heavy due to all the preservative, [2] they receive special handling, and [3] it's a door-to-door service. Fortunately, it is usually possible to send samples preserved in 4% formalin or 95% ethanol through the regular postal service as long as their rules are followed ([http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity USPS]). In my experience, most clerks at the post office are not familiar with the regulations regarding sending such substances through the mail (the usual response is that you cannot do it at all), so it is best to read the regulations yourself; usually you'll find that it's OK to send very small quantities if they're packaged accordingly. A method for packing and shipping samples that I learned from Lori J. Bell (and which she had learned from someone else) is explained below. We have never had any problem with this method. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Shipping tissues preserved in ethanol for DNA analysis.  ==

Materials required: 2 ml vial with a screw-cap and o-ring containing preservative and tissue, whirl-pak bag or box of appropriate size, one 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bag, paper towel (or other absorbant material), 1 rubber band, letter (describing the samples, their origin, their destination, contact information), copies of permits, padded envelope. 

Procedure: Make sure the cap is screwed on firmly, place into the whirl-pak bag or box, seal the bag (or box), put into the 4-mil plastic bag including the paper towel, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with 2 rubber bands. Place in the padded envelope along with the letter and copies of permits. Seal, label, and airmail it. 

== Shipping tissues preserved in formalin for morphological analyses.  ==

Materials required: preserved sample, whirl-pak bag of appropriate size, three 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bags, paper towel (or other absorbant material), 3 rubber bands, plenty of packing peanuts (not the corn ones that dissolve when wet), and two cardboard boxes (the smallest should have plenty of space for the specimens, and also fit comfortably inside the larger box) 

Procedure: Carefully transfer the specimen into the whirl-pak bag. If there are more than a few ml of residual liquid in the bag. drain the bag. Carefully remove as much air as possible from the whirl-pak bag without damaging the specimen, and seal the bag. Put the whirl-pak bag into one of the 4-mil plastic bags and include some of the paper towel. Twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Place this bag into the second of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Now place this bag into the third of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the smaller box, put the bag in the box, and fill with peanuts. Seal the box. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the larger box, put the smaller box in the larger box, and fill with peanuts. Place the letter and copies of permits on top of the peanuts. Seal the box, label, and airmail it. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*A relatively benign, good, alternative to 95% ethanol is DMSO+NaCl (see Dawson et al. 1998)</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>951</id>
      <parentid>950</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-31T06:20:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5440">Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to: 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

Jellyfish samples are necessarily preserved in 2-4% formalin (for morhpological analyses) and 95% ethanol (for DNA analyses*). Both formalin and ethanol are hazardous substances and therefore must be shipped with appropriate precaution. If shipping samples in jars full of preservative, the only way to ship them is to use couriers such as FedEx, [[www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp|DHL]], and [http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav UPS] which will deal with the packages as hazardous materials. Obviously, this is very expensive because [1] such packages are large and/or heavy due to all the preservative, [2] they receive special handling, and [3] it's a door-to-door service. Fortunately, it is usually possible to send samples preserved in 4% formalin or 95% ethanol through the regular postal service as long as their rules are followed ([http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity USPS]). In my experience, most clerks at the post office are not familiar with the regulations regarding sending such substances through the mail (the usual response is that you cannot do it at all), so it is best to read the regulations yourself; usually you'll find that it's OK to send very small quantities if they're packaged accordingly. A method for packing and shipping samples that I learned from Lori J. Bell (and which she had learned from someone else) is explained below. We have never had any problem with this method. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Shipping tissues preserved in ethanol for DNA analysis.  ==

Materials required: &lt;br&gt;

*2 ml vial with a screw-cap and o-ring containing preservative and tissue&lt;br&gt;
*waterproof paper and pencils&lt;br&gt;
*whirl-pak bag or box of appropriate size, one 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bag&lt;br&gt;
*paper towel (or other absorbant material)&lt;br&gt;
*rubber bands &lt;br&gt;
*ziplock bags &lt;br&gt;
*letter (declare there is no comercial value, number of&amp;nbsp; samples, their origin, their destination, contact information)&lt;br&gt;
*copies of permits&lt;br&gt;
*padded envelope.

Procedure: &lt;br&gt;

#Make sure the cap is screwed on firmly, with a label. Be sure to write the label in waterproof paper and pencil (Ethanol rub out the ink of permanent markers).&lt;br&gt;
#Place into the whirl-pak bag or box. Vials should be wrapped in small groups and wrapped with packaging tape. This makes one single unit out of many and will prevent movement and collision during shippingseal the bag.&lt;br&gt;
#Put into the 4-mil plastic bag including the paper towel, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with 2 rubber bands.&lt;br&gt;
#Double page the vials or box with zip lock bags.&lt;br&gt;
#Place in the padded envelope along with the letter and copies of permits. &lt;br&gt;
#Seal, label, and airmail it.&lt;br&gt;

'''NOTES'''&lt;br&gt;

The shipments of samples preserved in ethanol are regulated by the Department of Transportation. Shipping ethanol in limited quantities is allowed in almost all the commercial curiers following the next regulations:&lt;br&gt;1. Each pack of vials cannot exceed 1 liter each.&lt;br&gt;2. Shipment must be packed in strong, tight and secure containers.&lt;br&gt;3. Shipments must contain enough absorbent material (pads, cotton, etc.).&lt;br&gt;4. Total package weight cannot exceed 30 kg.&lt;br&gt;5. Shipping label:'''Limited quantity, ethanol, 3, UN1170, PG II. '''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

== Shipping tissues preserved in formalin for morphological analyses.  ==

Materials required: preserved sample, whirl-pak bag of appropriate size, three 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bags, paper towel (or other absorbant material), 3 rubber bands, plenty of packing peanuts (not the corn ones that dissolve when wet), and two cardboard boxes (the smallest should have plenty of space for the specimens, and also fit comfortably inside the larger box) 

Procedure: Carefully transfer the specimen into the whirl-pak bag. If there are more than a few ml of residual liquid in the bag. drain the bag. Carefully remove as much air as possible from the whirl-pak bag without damaging the specimen, and seal the bag. Put the whirl-pak bag into one of the 4-mil plastic bags and include some of the paper towel. Twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Place this bag into the second of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Now place this bag into the third of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the smaller box, put the bag in the box, and fill with peanuts. Seal the box. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the larger box, put the smaller box in the larger box, and fill with peanuts. Place the letter and copies of permits on top of the peanuts. Seal the box, label, and airmail it. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*A relatively benign, good, alternative to 95% ethanol is DMSO+NaCl (see Dawson et al. 1998)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>952</id>
      <parentid>951</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-31T06:23:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5509">Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to: 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

Jellyfish samples are necessarily preserved in 2-4% formalin (for morhpological analyses) and 95% ethanol (for DNA analyses*). Both formalin and ethanol are hazardous substances and therefore must be shipped with appropriate precaution. If shipping samples in jars full of preservative, the only way to ship them is to use couriers such as FedEx, [[www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp|DHL]], and [http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav UPS] which will deal with the packages as hazardous materials. Obviously, this is very expensive because [1] such packages are large and/or heavy due to all the preservative, [2] they receive special handling, and [3] it's a door-to-door service. Fortunately, it is usually possible to send samples preserved in 4% formalin or 95% ethanol through the regular postal service as long as their rules are followed ([http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity USPS]). In my experience, most clerks at the post office are not familiar with the regulations regarding sending such substances through the mail (the usual response is that you cannot do it at all), so it is best to read the regulations yourself; usually you'll find that it's OK to send very small quantities if they're packaged accordingly. A method for packing and shipping samples that I learned from Lori J. Bell (and which she had learned from someone else) is explained below. We have never had any problem with this method. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Shipping tissues preserved in ethanol for DNA analysis.  ==

Materials required: &lt;br&gt;

*2 ml vial with a screw-cap and o-ring containing preservative and tissue&lt;br&gt;
*waterproof paper and pencils&lt;br&gt;
*whirl-pak bag or box of appropriate size, one 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bag&lt;br&gt;
*paper towel (or other absorbant material)&lt;br&gt;
*rubber bands &lt;br&gt;
*ziplock bags &lt;br&gt;
*letter (declare there is no comercial value, number of&amp;nbsp; samples, their origin, their destination, contact information)&lt;br&gt;
*copies of permits&lt;br&gt;
*padded envelope.

Procedure: &lt;br&gt;

#Make sure the cap is screwed on firmly, with a label. Be sure to write the label in waterproof paper and pencil (Ethanol rub out the ink of permanent markers).&lt;br&gt;
#Place into the whirl-pak bag or box. Vials should be wrapped in small groups and wrapped with packaging tape. This makes one single unit out of many and will prevent movement and collision during shippingseal the bag.&lt;br&gt;
#Put into the 4-mil plastic bag including the paper towel, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with 2 rubber bands.&lt;br&gt;
#Double page the vials or box with zip lock bags.&lt;br&gt;
#Place in the padded envelope along with the letter and copies of permits. &lt;br&gt;
#Seal, label, and airmail it.&lt;br&gt;

'''NOTES'''&lt;br&gt;

The shipments of samples preserved in ethanol are regulated by the Department of Transportation. Shipping ethanol in limited quantities is allowed in almost all the commercial curiers following the next regulations:&lt;br&gt;1. Each pack of vials cannot exceed 1 liter each.&lt;br&gt;2. Shipment must be packed in strong, tight and secure containers.&lt;br&gt;3. Shipments must contain enough absorbent material (pads, cotton, etc.).&lt;br&gt;4. Total package weight cannot exceed 30 kg.&lt;br&gt;5. Shipping label:'''Limited quantity, ethanol, 3, UN1170, PG II. '''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

== Shipping tissues preserved in formalin for morphological analyses.  ==

Materials required: 

*preserved sample
*whirl-pak bag of appropriate size
*three 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bags
*paper towel (or other absorbant material)
*rubber bands
*plenty of packing peanuts (not the corn ones that dissolve when wet) or other any other kind of protected material
*two cardboard boxes (the smallest should have plenty of space for the specimens, and also fit comfortably inside the larger box) or styrofoam coolers&lt;br&gt;

Procedure: 

Carefully transfer the specimen into the whirl-pak bag. If there are more than a few ml of residual liquid in the bag. drain the bag. Carefully remove as much air as possible from the whirl-pak bag without damaging the specimen, and seal the bag. Put the whirl-pak bag into one of the 4-mil plastic bags and include some of the paper towel. Twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Place this bag into the second of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Now place this bag into the third of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the smaller box, put the bag in the box, and fill with peanuts. Seal the box. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the larger box, put the smaller box in the larger box, and fill with peanuts. Place the letter and copies of permits on top of the peanuts. Seal the box, label, and airmail it. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*A relatively benign, good, alternative to 95% ethanol is DMSO+NaCl (see Dawson et al. 1998)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>954</id>
      <parentid>952</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-31T06:59:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5515">Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to: 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

Jellyfish samples are necessarily preserved in 2-4% formalin (for morhpological analyses) and 95% ethanol (for DNA analyses*). Both formalin and ethanol are hazardous substances and therefore must be shipped with appropriate precaution. If shipping samples in jars full of preservative, the only way to ship them is to use couriers such as FedEx, [[www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp|DHL]], and [http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav UPS] which will deal with the packages as hazardous materials. Obviously, this is very expensive because [1] such packages are large and/or heavy due to all the preservative, [2] they receive special handling, and [3] it's a door-to-door service. Fortunately, it is usually possible to send samples preserved in 4% formalin or 95% ethanol through the regular postal service as long as their rules are followed ([http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity USPS]). In my experience, most clerks at the post office are not familiar with the regulations regarding sending such substances through the mail (the usual response is that you cannot do it at all), so it is best to read the regulations yourself; usually you'll find that it's OK to send very small quantities if they're packaged accordingly. A method for packing and shipping samples that I learned from Lori J. Bell (and which she had learned from someone else) is explained below. We have never had any problem with this method. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Shipping tissues preserved in ethanol for DNA analysis.  ==

Materials required: &lt;br&gt;

*2 ml vial with a screw-cap and o-ring containing preservative and tissue&lt;br&gt;
*waterproof paper and pencils&lt;br&gt;
*whirl-pak bag or box of appropriate size, one 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bag&lt;br&gt;
*paper towel (or other absorbant material)&lt;br&gt;
*rubber bands &lt;br&gt;
*ziplock bags &lt;br&gt;
*letter (declare there is no comercial value, number of&amp;nbsp; samples, their origin, their destination, contact information)&lt;br&gt;
*copies of permits&lt;br&gt;
*padded envelope.

Procedure: &lt;br&gt;

#Make sure the cap is screwed on firmly, with a label. Be sure to write the label in waterproof paper and pencil (Ethanol rub out the ink of permanent markers).&lt;br&gt;
#Place into the whirl-pak bag or box. Vials should be wrapped in small groups and wrapped with packaging tape. This makes one single unit out of many and will prevent movement and collision during shippingseal the bag.&lt;br&gt;
#Put into the 4-mil plastic bag including the paper towel, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with 2 rubber bands.&lt;br&gt;
#Double page the vials or box with zip lock bags.&lt;br&gt;
#Place in the padded envelope along with the letter and copies of permits. &lt;br&gt;
#Seal, label, and airmail it.&lt;br&gt;

'''NOTES'''&lt;br&gt;

The shipments of samples preserved in ethanol are regulated by the Department of Transportation. Shipping ethanol in limited quantities is allowed in almost all the commercial curiers following the next regulations:&lt;br&gt;1. Each pack of vials cannot exceed 1 liter each.&lt;br&gt;2. Shipment must be packed in strong, tight and secure containers.&lt;br&gt;3. Shipments must contain enough absorbent material (pads, cotton, etc.).&lt;br&gt;4. Total package weight cannot exceed 30 kg.&lt;br&gt;5. Shipping label:'''Limited quantity, ethanol, 3, UN1170, PG II. '''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

== Shipping tissues preserved in formalin for morphological analyses.  ==

Materials required: 

*preserved sample 
*whirl-pak bag of appropriate size 
*three 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bags 
*paper towel (or other absorbant material) 
*rubber bands 
*plenty of packing peanuts (not the corn ones that dissolve when wet) or other any other kind of protected material 
*two cardboard boxes (the smallest should have plenty of space for the specimens, and also fit comfortably inside the larger box) or styrofoam coolers&lt;br&gt;

Procedure: 

#Carefully transfer the specimen into the whirl-pak bag. If there are more than a few ml of residual liquid in the bag. drain the bag. Carefully remove as much air as possible from the whirl-pak bag without damaging the specimen, and seal the bag. Put the whirl-pak bag into one of the 4-mil plastic bags and include some of the paper towel. Twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Place this bag into the second of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Now place this bag into the third of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the smaller box, put the bag in the box, and fill with peanuts. Seal the box. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the larger box, put the smaller box in the larger box, and fill with peanuts. Place the letter and copies of permits on top of the peanuts. Seal the box, label, and airmail it.

&lt;br&gt; 

*A relatively benign, good, alternative to 95% ethanol is DMSO+NaCl (see Dawson et al. 1998)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>955</id>
      <parentid>954</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-01T06:12:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Shipping tissues preserved in formalin for morphological analyses. */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6314">Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to: 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

Jellyfish samples are necessarily preserved in 2-4% formalin (for morhpological analyses) and 95% ethanol (for DNA analyses*). Both formalin and ethanol are hazardous substances and therefore must be shipped with appropriate precaution. If shipping samples in jars full of preservative, the only way to ship them is to use couriers such as FedEx, [[www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp|DHL]], and [http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav UPS] which will deal with the packages as hazardous materials. Obviously, this is very expensive because [1] such packages are large and/or heavy due to all the preservative, [2] they receive special handling, and [3] it's a door-to-door service. Fortunately, it is usually possible to send samples preserved in 4% formalin or 95% ethanol through the regular postal service as long as their rules are followed ([http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity USPS]). In my experience, most clerks at the post office are not familiar with the regulations regarding sending such substances through the mail (the usual response is that you cannot do it at all), so it is best to read the regulations yourself; usually you'll find that it's OK to send very small quantities if they're packaged accordingly. A method for packing and shipping samples that I learned from Lori J. Bell (and which she had learned from someone else) is explained below. We have never had any problem with this method. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Shipping tissues preserved in ethanol for DNA analysis.  ==

Materials required: &lt;br&gt;

*2 ml vial with a screw-cap and o-ring containing preservative and tissue&lt;br&gt;
*waterproof paper and pencils&lt;br&gt;
*whirl-pak bag or box of appropriate size, one 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bag&lt;br&gt;
*paper towel (or other absorbant material)&lt;br&gt;
*rubber bands &lt;br&gt;
*ziplock bags &lt;br&gt;
*letter (declare there is no comercial value, number of&amp;nbsp; samples, their origin, their destination, contact information)&lt;br&gt;
*copies of permits&lt;br&gt;
*padded envelope.

Procedure: &lt;br&gt;

#Make sure the cap is screwed on firmly, with a label. Be sure to write the label in waterproof paper and pencil (Ethanol rub out the ink of permanent markers).&lt;br&gt;
#Place into the whirl-pak bag or box. Vials should be wrapped in small groups and wrapped with packaging tape. This makes one single unit out of many and will prevent movement and collision during shippingseal the bag.&lt;br&gt;
#Put into the 4-mil plastic bag including the paper towel, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with 2 rubber bands.&lt;br&gt;
#Double page the vials or box with zip lock bags.&lt;br&gt;
#Place in the padded envelope along with the letter and copies of permits. &lt;br&gt;
#Seal, label, and airmail it.&lt;br&gt;

'''NOTES'''&lt;br&gt;

The shipments of samples preserved in ethanol are regulated by the Department of Transportation. Shipping ethanol in limited quantities is allowed in almost all the commercial curiers following the next regulations:&lt;br&gt;1. Each pack of vials cannot exceed 1 liter each.&lt;br&gt;2. Shipment must be packed in strong, tight and secure containers.&lt;br&gt;3. Shipments must contain enough absorbent material (pads, cotton, etc.).&lt;br&gt;4. Total package weight cannot exceed 30 kg.&lt;br&gt;5. Shipping label:'''Limited quantity, ethanol, 3, UN1170, PG II. '''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

== Shipping tissues preserved in formalin for morphological analyses.  ==

Materials required: 

*preserved sample 
*whirl-pak bag of appropriate size 
*three 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bags 
*paper towel (or other absorbant material) 
*rubber bands 
*plenty of packing peanuts (not the corn ones that dissolve when wet) or other any other kind of protected material 
*two cardboard boxes (the smallest should have plenty of space for the specimens, and also fit comfortably inside the larger box) or styrofoam coolers&lt;br&gt;

Procedure: &lt;br&gt;

Jellyfish should be pack in plastic bags or plastic containers with tap water. FORMALIN is prohibited for almost all the worldwide courier companies, including post office and airlines cargo. 

#Carefully transfer the specimen into the whirl-pak bag if it was storage in jar. For speciemns in plastic bags, Drain all the formalin and place a pad of cotton moisturized with tap water in the bottom of the bag.&lt;br&gt;
#If there are more than a few ml of residual liquid in the bag. drain the bag. Carefully remove as much air as possible from the whirl-pak bag without damaging the specimen, and seal the bag. Put the whirl-pak bag into one of the 4-mil plastic bags and include some of the paper towel. Twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Place this bag into the second of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Now place this bag into the third of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the smaller box, put the bag in the box, and fill with peanuts. Seal the box. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the larger box, put the smaller box in the larger box, and fill with peanuts. Place the letter and copies of permits on top of the peanuts. Seal the box, label, and airmail it.

1. , seal the bag using a rubber band (link to preservation). 2. The organisms in the bag must have some air in there to avoid damage. Always use a double bag . All the bagged organisms must be placed in a cooler box or carton box (Fig. 7), placing the heaviest and bigger organisms at the bottom and the lighter and smaller on the top. Use peanuts or any kind of paper to protect the samples. For carton boxes use a double carton box. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*A relatively benign, good, alternative to 95% ethanol is DMSO+NaCl (see Dawson et al. 1998)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>974</id>
      <parentid>955</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-01T06:40:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6282">Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to: 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

Jellyfish samples are necessarily preserved in 2-4% formalin (for morhpological analyses) and 95% ethanol (for DNA analyses*). Both formalin and ethanol are hazardous substances and therefore must be shipped with appropriate precaution. If shipping samples in jars full of preservative, the only way to ship them is to use couriers such as FedEx, [[www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp|DHL]], and [http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav UPS] which will deal with the packages as hazardous materials. Obviously, this is very expensive because [1] such packages are large and/or heavy due to all the preservative, [2] they receive special handling, and [3] it's a door-to-door service. Fortunately, it is usually possible to send samples preserved in 4% formalin or 95% ethanol through the regular postal service as long as their rules are followed ([http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity USPS]). In my experience, most clerks at the post office are not familiar with the regulations regarding sending such substances through the mail (the usual response is that you cannot do it at all), so it is best to read the regulations yourself; usually you'll find that it's OK to send very small quantities if they're packaged accordingly. A method for packing and shipping samples that I learned from Lori J. Bell (and which she had learned from someone else) is explained below. We have never had any problem with this method. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Shipping tissues preserved in ethanol for DNA analysis.  ==

Materials required: &lt;br&gt;

*2 ml vial with a screw-cap and o-ring containing preservative and tissue&lt;br&gt;
*waterproof paper and pencils&lt;br&gt;
*whirl-pak bag or box of appropriate size, one 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bag&lt;br&gt;
*paper towel (or other absorbant material)&lt;br&gt;
*rubber bands &lt;br&gt;
*ziplock bags &lt;br&gt;
*letter (declare there is no comercial value, number of&amp;nbsp; samples, their origin, their destination, contact information)&lt;br&gt;
*copies of permits&lt;br&gt;
*padded envelope.

Procedure: &lt;br&gt;

#Make sure the cap is screwed on firmly, with a label. Be sure to write the label in waterproof paper and pencil (Ethanol rub out the ink of permanent markers).&lt;br&gt;
#Place into the whirl-pak bag or box. Vials should be wrapped in small groups and wrapped with packaging tape. This makes one single unit out of many and will prevent movement and collision during shippingseal the bag.&lt;br&gt;
#Put into the 4-mil plastic bag including the paper towel, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with 2 rubber bands.&lt;br&gt;
#Double page the vials or box with zip lock bags.&lt;br&gt;
#Place in the padded envelope along with the letter and copies of permits. &lt;br&gt;
#Seal, label, and airmail it.&lt;br&gt;

'''NOTES'''&lt;br&gt;

The shipments of samples preserved in ethanol are regulated by the Department of Transportation. Shipping ethanol in limited quantities is allowed in almost all the commercial curiers following the next regulations:&lt;br&gt;1. Each pack of vials cannot exceed 1 liter each.&lt;br&gt;2. Shipment must be packed in strong, tight and secure containers.&lt;br&gt;3. Shipments must contain enough absorbent material (pads, cotton, etc.).&lt;br&gt;4. Total package weight cannot exceed 30 kg.&lt;br&gt;5. Shipping label:'''Limited quantity, ethanol, 3, UN1170, PG II. '''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

== Shipping tissues preserved in formalin for morphological analyses.  ==

Materials required: 

*preserved sample 
*whirl-pak bag of appropriate size 
*three 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bags 
*paper towel (or other absorbant material) 
*rubber bands 
*plenty of packing peanuts (not the corn ones that dissolve when wet) or other any other kind of protected material 
*two cardboard boxes (the smallest should have plenty of space for the specimens, and also fit comfortably inside the larger box) or styrofoam coolers&lt;br&gt;

Procedure: &lt;br&gt; 

Jellyfish should be pack in plastic bags or plastic containers with tap water. FORMALIN is prohibited for almost all the worldwide courier companies, including post office and airlines cargo. 

#Carefully transfer the specimen into the whirl-pak bag if it was storage in jar. For speciemns in plastic bags, drain all the formalin.&lt;br&gt; 
#Place a pad of cotton moisturized with tap water in the bottom of the bag.
#Carefully remove the air&amp;nbsp; from the whirl-pak bag without damaging the specimen, and seal the bag as was explained in the preservation of medusae section. Put the whirl-pak bag into one of the 4-mil plastic bags and include some of the paper towel. Twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Place this bag into the second of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Now place this bag into the third of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the smaller box, put the bag in the box, and fill with peanuts. Seal the box. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the larger box, put the smaller box in the larger box, and fill with peanuts. Place the letter and copies of permits on top of the peanuts. Seal the box, label, and airmail it.

1. , seal the bag using a rubber band (link to preservation). 2. The organisms in the bag must have some air in there to avoid damage. Always use a double bag . All the bagged organisms must be placed in a cooler box or carton box (Fig. 7), placing the heaviest and bigger organisms at the bottom and the lighter and smaller on the top. Use peanuts or any kind of paper to protect the samples. For carton boxes use a double carton box. 

&lt;br&gt; 

*A relatively benign, good, alternative to 95% ethanol is DMSO+NaCl (see Dawson et al. 1998)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>975</id>
      <parentid>974</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-01T06:45:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6084">Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to: 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

Jellyfish samples are necessarily preserved in 2-4% formalin (for morhpological analyses) and 95% ethanol (for DNA analyses*). Both formalin and ethanol are hazardous substances and therefore must be shipped with appropriate precaution. If shipping samples in jars full of preservative, the only way to ship them is to use couriers such as FedEx, [[www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp|DHL]], and [http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav UPS] which will deal with the packages as hazardous materials. Obviously, this is very expensive because [1] such packages are large and/or heavy due to all the preservative, [2] they receive special handling, and [3] it's a door-to-door service. Fortunately, it is usually possible to send samples preserved in 4% formalin or 95% ethanol through the regular postal service as long as their rules are followed ([http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity USPS]). In my experience, most clerks at the post office are not familiar with the regulations regarding sending such substances through the mail (the usual response is that you cannot do it at all), so it is best to read the regulations yourself; usually you'll find that it's OK to send very small quantities if they're packaged accordingly. A method for packing and shipping samples that I learned from Lori J. Bell (and which she had learned from someone else) is explained below. We have never had any problem with this method. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Shipping tissues preserved in ethanol for DNA analysis.  ==

Materials required: &lt;br&gt;

*2 ml vial with a screw-cap and o-ring containing preservative and tissue&lt;br&gt;
*waterproof paper and pencils&lt;br&gt;
*whirl-pak bag or box of appropriate size, one 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bag&lt;br&gt;
*paper towel (or other absorbant material)&lt;br&gt;
*rubber bands &lt;br&gt;
*ziplock bags &lt;br&gt;
*letter (declare there is no comercial value, number of&amp;nbsp; samples, their origin, their destination, contact information)&lt;br&gt;
*copies of permits&lt;br&gt;
*padded envelope.

Procedure: &lt;br&gt;

#Make sure the cap is screwed on firmly, with a label. Be sure to write the label in waterproof paper and pencil (Ethanol rub out the ink of permanent markers).&lt;br&gt;
#Place into the whirl-pak bag or box. Vials should be wrapped in small groups and wrapped with packaging tape. This makes one single unit out of many and will prevent movement and collision during shippingseal the bag.&lt;br&gt;
#Put into the 4-mil plastic bag including the paper towel, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with 2 rubber bands.&lt;br&gt;
#Double page the vials or box with zip lock bags.&lt;br&gt;
#Place in the padded envelope along with the letter and copies of permits. &lt;br&gt;
#Seal, label, and airmail it.&lt;br&gt;

'''NOTES'''&lt;br&gt;

The shipments of samples preserved in ethanol are regulated by the Department of Transportation. Shipping ethanol in limited quantities is allowed in almost all the commercial curiers following the next regulations:&lt;br&gt;1. Each pack of vials cannot exceed 1 liter each.&lt;br&gt;2. Shipment must be packed in strong, tight and secure containers.&lt;br&gt;3. Shipments must contain enough absorbent material (pads, cotton, etc.).&lt;br&gt;4. Total package weight cannot exceed 30 kg.&lt;br&gt;5. Shipping label:'''Limited quantity, ethanol, 3, UN1170, PG II. '''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

== Shipping tissues preserved in formalin for morphological analyses.  ==

Materials required: 

*preserved sample 
*whirl-pak bag of appropriate size 
*three 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bags 
*paper towel (or other absorbant material) 
*rubber bands 
*plenty of packing peanuts (not the corn ones that dissolve when wet) or other any other kind of protected material 
*two cardboard boxes (the smallest should have plenty of space for the specimens, and also fit comfortably inside the larger box) or styrofoam coolers&lt;br&gt;

Procedure: &lt;br&gt; 

Jellyfish should be pack in plastic bags or plastic containers with tap water. FORMALIN is prohibited for almost all the worldwide courier companies, including post office and airlines cargo. 

#Carefully transfer the specimen into the whirl-pak bag if it was storage in jar. For speciemns in plastic bags, drain all the formalin.&lt;br&gt; 
#Place a pad of cotton moisturized with tap water in the bottom of the bag. 
#Carefully remove the air&amp;nbsp; from the whirl-pak bag without damaging the specimen, and seal the bag as was explained in the [http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods#Preservation_of_Medusae.C2.A0 preservation of medusae section]. &lt;br&gt; 
#Put the whirl-pak bag into one of the 4-mil plastic bags and include some of the paper towel. Twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. &lt;br&gt; 
#Place this bag into the second of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. &lt;br&gt; 
#Now place this bag into the third of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. &lt;br&gt; 
#Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the smaller box, put the bag(s) in the box, placing the heaviest and bigger organisms at the bottom and the lighter and smaller on the top. and fill with peanuts. &lt;br&gt; 
#Seal the box. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the larger box, put the smaller box in the larger box, and fill with peanuts. &lt;br&gt; 
#Place the letter and copies of permits on top of the peanuts. &lt;br&gt; 
#Seal the box, label, and airmail it.

&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

*A relatively benign, good, alternative to 95% ethanol is DMSO+NaCl (see Dawson et al. 1998)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>976</id>
      <parentid>975</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-01T06:48:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6323">Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to: 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

Jellyfish samples are necessarily preserved in 2-4% formalin (for morhpological analyses) and 95% ethanol (for DNA analyses*). Both formalin and ethanol are hazardous substances and therefore must be shipped with appropriate precaution. If shipping samples in jars full of preservative, the only way to ship them is to use couriers such as FedEx, [[www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp|DHL]], and [http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav UPS] which will deal with the packages as hazardous materials. Obviously, this is very expensive because [1] such packages are large and/or heavy due to all the preservative, [2] they receive special handling, and [3] it's a door-to-door service. Fortunately, it is usually possible to send samples preserved in 4% formalin or 95% ethanol through the regular postal service as long as their rules are followed ([http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity USPS]). In my experience, most clerks at the post office are not familiar with the regulations regarding sending such substances through the mail (the usual response is that you cannot do it at all), so it is best to read the regulations yourself; usually you'll find that it's OK to send very small quantities if they're packaged accordingly. A method for packing and shipping samples that I learned from Lori J. Bell (and which she had learned from someone else) is explained below. We have never had any problem with this method. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Shipping tissues preserved in ethanol for DNA analysis.  ==

Materials required: &lt;br&gt;

*2 ml vial with a screw-cap and o-ring containing preservative and tissue&lt;br&gt;
*waterproof paper and pencils&lt;br&gt;
*whirl-pak bag or box of appropriate size, one 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bag&lt;br&gt;
*paper towel (or other absorbant material)&lt;br&gt;
*rubber bands &lt;br&gt;
*ziplock bags &lt;br&gt;
*letter (declare there is no comercial value, number of&amp;nbsp; samples, their origin, their destination, contact information)&lt;br&gt;
*copies of permits&lt;br&gt;
*padded envelope.

Procedure: &lt;br&gt;

#Make sure the cap is screwed on firmly, with a label. Be sure to write the label in waterproof paper and pencil (Ethanol rub out the ink of permanent markers).&lt;br&gt;
#Place into the whirl-pak bag or box. Vials should be wrapped in small groups and wrapped with packaging tape. This makes one single unit out of many and will prevent movement and collision during shippingseal the bag.&lt;br&gt;
#Put into the 4-mil plastic bag including the paper towel, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with 2 rubber bands.&lt;br&gt;
#Double page the vials or box with zip lock bags.&lt;br&gt;
#Place in the padded envelope along with the letter and copies of permits. &lt;br&gt;
#Seal, label, and airmail it.&lt;br&gt;

'''NOTES'''&lt;br&gt;

The shipments of samples preserved in ethanol are regulated by the Department of Transportation. Shipping ethanol in limited quantities is allowed in almost all the commercial curiers following the next regulations:&lt;br&gt;1. Each pack of vials cannot exceed 1 liter each.&lt;br&gt;2. Shipment must be packed in strong, tight and secure containers.&lt;br&gt;3. Shipments must contain enough absorbent material (pads, cotton, etc.).&lt;br&gt;4. Total package weight cannot exceed 30 kg.&lt;br&gt;5. Shipping label:'''Limited quantity, ethanol, 3, UN1170, PG II. '''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

== Shipping tissues preserved in formalin for morphological analyses.  ==

Materials required: 

*preserved sample 
*whirl-pak bag of appropriate size 
*three 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bags 
*paper towel (or other absorbant material) 
*rubber bands 
*plenty of packing peanuts (not the corn ones that dissolve when wet) or other any other kind of protected material 
*two cardboard boxes (the smallest should have plenty of space for the specimens, and also fit comfortably inside the larger box) or styrofoam coolers&lt;br&gt;

Procedure: &lt;br&gt; 

Jellyfish should be pack in plastic bags or plastic containers with tap water. FORMALIN is prohibited for almost all the worldwide courier companies, including post office and airlines cargo. 

#Carefully transfer the specimen into the whirl-pak bag if it was storage in jar. For speciemns in plastic bags, drain all the formalin.&lt;br&gt; 
#Place a pad of cotton moisturized with tap water in the bottom of the bag. 
#Carefully remove the air&amp;nbsp; from the whirl-pak bag without damaging the specimen, and seal the bag as was explained in the [http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods#Preservation_of_Medusae.C2.A0 preservation of medusae section]. &lt;br&gt; 
#Put the whirl-pak bag into one of the 4-mil plastic bags and include some of the paper towel. Twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. &lt;br&gt; 
#Place this bag into the second of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. &lt;br&gt; 
#Now place this bag into the third of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. &lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Pack1.jpg
Image:Pack2.jpg
Image:Pack3.jpg
Image:Pack4.jpg
Image:Pack5.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;

#Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the smaller box, put the bag(s) in the box, placing the heaviest and bigger organisms at the bottom and the lighter and smaller on the top. and fill with peanuts. &lt;br&gt; 
#Seal the box. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the larger box, put the smaller box in the larger box, and fill with peanuts. &lt;br&gt; 
#Place the letter and copies of permits on top of the peanuts. &lt;br&gt; 
#Seal the box, label, and airmail it.
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=7&gt; 
Image:Pack6.jpg
Image:Pack7.jpg
Image:Pack8.jpg
Image:Pack9.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;



&lt;br&gt; 

*A relatively benign, good, alternative to 95% ethanol is DMSO+NaCl (see Dawson et al. 1998)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>979</id>
      <parentid>976</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-01T07:15:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Shipping tissues preserved in formalin for morphological analyses. */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6585">Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to: 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

Jellyfish samples are necessarily preserved in 2-4% formalin (for morhpological analyses) and 95% ethanol (for DNA analyses*). Both formalin and ethanol are hazardous substances and therefore must be shipped with appropriate precaution. If shipping samples in jars full of preservative, the only way to ship them is to use couriers such as FedEx, [[www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp|DHL]], and [http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav UPS] which will deal with the packages as hazardous materials. Obviously, this is very expensive because [1] such packages are large and/or heavy due to all the preservative, [2] they receive special handling, and [3] it's a door-to-door service. Fortunately, it is usually possible to send samples preserved in 4% formalin or 95% ethanol through the regular postal service as long as their rules are followed ([http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity USPS]). In my experience, most clerks at the post office are not familiar with the regulations regarding sending such substances through the mail (the usual response is that you cannot do it at all), so it is best to read the regulations yourself; usually you'll find that it's OK to send very small quantities if they're packaged accordingly. A method for packing and shipping samples that I learned from Lori J. Bell (and which she had learned from someone else) is explained below. We have never had any problem with this method. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Shipping tissues preserved in ethanol for DNA analysis.  ==

Materials required: &lt;br&gt;

*2 ml vial with a screw-cap and o-ring containing preservative and tissue&lt;br&gt;
*waterproof paper and pencils&lt;br&gt;
*whirl-pak bag or box of appropriate size, one 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bag&lt;br&gt;
*paper towel (or other absorbant material)&lt;br&gt;
*rubber bands &lt;br&gt;
*ziplock bags &lt;br&gt;
*letter (declare there is no comercial value, number of&amp;nbsp; samples, their origin, their destination, contact information)&lt;br&gt;
*copies of permits&lt;br&gt;
*padded envelope.

Procedure: &lt;br&gt;

#Make sure the cap is screwed on firmly, with a label. Be sure to write the label in waterproof paper and pencil (Ethanol rub out the ink of permanent markers).&lt;br&gt;
#Place into the whirl-pak bag or box. Vials should be wrapped in small groups and wrapped with packaging tape. This makes one single unit out of many and will prevent movement and collision during shippingseal the bag.&lt;br&gt;
#Put into the 4-mil plastic bag including the paper towel, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with 2 rubber bands.&lt;br&gt;
#Double page the vials or box with zip lock bags.&lt;br&gt;
#Place in the padded envelope along with the letter and copies of permits. &lt;br&gt;
#Seal, label, and airmail it.&lt;br&gt;

'''NOTES'''&lt;br&gt;

The shipments of samples preserved in ethanol are regulated by the Department of Transportation. Shipping ethanol in limited quantities is allowed in almost all the commercial curiers following the next regulations:&lt;br&gt;1. Each pack of vials cannot exceed 1 liter each.&lt;br&gt;2. Shipment must be packed in strong, tight and secure containers.&lt;br&gt;3. Shipments must contain enough absorbent material (pads, cotton, etc.).&lt;br&gt;4. Total package weight cannot exceed 30 kg.&lt;br&gt;5. Shipping label:'''Limited quantity, ethanol, 3, UN1170, PG II. '''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

== Shipping tissues preserved in formalin for morphological analyses.  ==

Materials required: 

*preserved sample 
*whirl-pak bag of appropriate size 
*three 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bags 
*paper towel (or other absorbant material) 
*rubber bands 
*plenty of packing peanuts (not the corn ones that dissolve when wet) or other any other kind of protected material 
*two cardboard boxes (the smallest should have plenty of space for the specimens, and also fit comfortably inside the larger box) or styrofoam coolers&lt;br&gt;

Procedure: &lt;br&gt; 

Jellyfish should be pack in plastic bags or plastic containers with tap water. FORMALIN is prohibited for almost all the worldwide courier companies, including post office and airlines cargo. 

#Carefully transfer the specimen into the whirl-pak bag if it was storage in jar. For speciemns in plastic bags, drain all the formalin.&lt;br&gt; 
#Place a pad of cotton moisturized with tap water in the bottom of the bag. 
#Carefully remove the air&amp;nbsp; from the whirl-pak bag without damaging the specimen, and seal the bag as was explained in the [http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods#Preservation_of_Medusae.C2.A0 preservation of medusae section]. &lt;br&gt; 
#Put the whirl-pak bag into one of the 4-mil plastic bags and include some of the paper towel. Twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. &lt;br&gt; 
#Place this bag into the second of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. &lt;br&gt; 
#Now place this bag into the third of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. &lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=4&gt; 
Image:Pack1.jpg |Drain the remain of formalin
Image:Pack2.jpg |Place a piece of cotton on the bottom or side of the bag
Image:Pack3.jpg |Remove air
Image:Pack4.jpg |Seal the bag
Image:Pack5.jpg |Use a double bag
&lt;/gallery&gt;

#Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the smaller box, put the bag(s) in the box, placing the heaviest and bigger organisms at the bottom and the lighter and smaller on the top. and fill with peanuts. &lt;br&gt; 
#Seal the box. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the larger box, put the smaller box in the larger box, and fill with peanuts. &lt;br&gt; 
#Place the letter and copies of permits on top of the peanuts. &lt;br&gt; 
#Seal the box, label, and airmail it.
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=4&gt; 
Image:Pack6.jpg |Place heaviest and bigger specimens in the bottom.
Image:Pack7.jpg |Fill the box with peanuts 
Image:Pack8.jpg |Cardboard box ......
Image:Pack9.jpg |Use a double cardboard box
&lt;/gallery&gt;



&lt;br&gt; 

*A relatively benign, good, alternative to 95% ethanol is DMSO+NaCl (see Dawson et al. 1998)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>980</id>
      <parentid>979</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T06:08:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Shipping tissues preserved in ethanol for DNA analysis. */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6594">Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to: 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; 

Jellyfish samples are necessarily preserved in 2-4% formalin (for morhpological analyses) and 95% ethanol (for DNA analyses*). Both formalin and ethanol are hazardous substances and therefore must be shipped with appropriate precaution. If shipping samples in jars full of preservative, the only way to ship them is to use couriers such as FedEx, [[www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp|DHL]], and [http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav UPS] which will deal with the packages as hazardous materials. Obviously, this is very expensive because [1] such packages are large and/or heavy due to all the preservative, [2] they receive special handling, and [3] it's a door-to-door service. Fortunately, it is usually possible to send samples preserved in 4% formalin or 95% ethanol through the regular postal service as long as their rules are followed ([http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity USPS]). In my experience, most clerks at the post office are not familiar with the regulations regarding sending such substances through the mail (the usual response is that you cannot do it at all), so it is best to read the regulations yourself; usually you'll find that it's OK to send very small quantities if they're packaged accordingly. A method for packing and shipping samples that I learned from Lori J. Bell (and which she had learned from someone else) is explained below. We have never had any problem with this method. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Shipping tissues preserved in ethanol for DNA analysis.  ==

Materials required: &lt;br&gt;

*2 ml vial with a screw-cap and o-ring containing preservative and tissue&lt;br&gt;
*waterproof paper and pencils&lt;br&gt;
*whirl-pak bag or box of appropriate size, one 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bag&lt;br&gt;
*paper towel (or other absorbant material)&lt;br&gt;
*rubber bands &lt;br&gt;
*ziplock bags &lt;br&gt;
*letter (declare there is no comercial value, number of&amp;nbsp; samples, their origin, their destination, contact information)&lt;br&gt;
*copies of permits&lt;br&gt;
*padded envelope.

Procedure: &lt;br&gt;

#Make sure the cap is screwed on firmly, with a label. Be sure to write the label in waterproof paper and pencil (Ethanol will dissolve the ink of permanent markers).&lt;br&gt;
#Place into the whirl-pak bag or box. Vials should be wrapped in small groups and wrapped with packaging tape. This makes one single unit out of many and will prevent movement and collision during shipping, seal the bag.&lt;br&gt;
#Put into the 4-mil plastic bag including the paper towel, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with 2 rubber bands.&lt;br&gt;
#Double wrap the vials or box with zip lock bags.&lt;br&gt;
#Place in the padded envelope along with the letter and copies of permits. &lt;br&gt;
#Seal, label, and airmail it.&lt;br&gt;

'''NOTES'''&lt;br&gt;

The shipments of samples preserved in ethanol are regulated by the Department of Transportation. Shipping ethanol in limited quantities is allowed in almost all the commercial couriers following the next regulations:&lt;br&gt;1. Each pack of vials cannot exceed 1 liter each.&lt;br&gt;2. Shipment must be packed in strong, tight and secure containers.&lt;br&gt;3. Shipments must contain enough absorbent material (pads, cotton, etc.).&lt;br&gt;4. Total package weight cannot exceed 30 kg.&lt;br&gt;5. Shipping label:'''Limited quantity, ethanol, 3, UN1170, PG II. '''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

== Shipping tissues preserved in formalin for morphological analyses.  ==

Materials required: 

*preserved sample 
*whirl-pak bag of appropriate size 
*three 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bags 
*paper towel (or other absorbant material) 
*rubber bands 
*plenty of packing peanuts (not the corn ones that dissolve when wet) or other any other kind of protected material 
*two cardboard boxes (the smallest should have plenty of space for the specimens, and also fit comfortably inside the larger box) or styrofoam coolers&lt;br&gt;

Procedure: &lt;br&gt; 

Jellyfish should be pack in plastic bags or plastic containers with tap water. FORMALIN is prohibited for almost all the worldwide courier companies, including post office and airlines cargo. 

#Carefully transfer the specimen into the whirl-pak bag if it was storage in jar. For speciemns in plastic bags, drain all the formalin.&lt;br&gt; 
#Place a pad of cotton moisturized with tap water in the bottom of the bag. 
#Carefully remove the air&amp;nbsp; from the whirl-pak bag without damaging the specimen, and seal the bag as was explained in the [http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods#Preservation_of_Medusae.C2.A0 preservation of medusae section]. &lt;br&gt; 
#Put the whirl-pak bag into one of the 4-mil plastic bags and include some of the paper towel. Twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. &lt;br&gt; 
#Place this bag into the second of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. &lt;br&gt; 
#Now place this bag into the third of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. &lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=4&gt; 
Image:Pack1.jpg |Drain the remain of formalin
Image:Pack2.jpg |Place a piece of cotton on the bottom or side of the bag
Image:Pack3.jpg |Remove air
Image:Pack4.jpg |Seal the bag
Image:Pack5.jpg |Use a double bag
&lt;/gallery&gt;

#Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the smaller box, put the bag(s) in the box, placing the heaviest and bigger organisms at the bottom and the lighter and smaller on the top. and fill with peanuts. &lt;br&gt; 
#Seal the box. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the larger box, put the smaller box in the larger box, and fill with peanuts. &lt;br&gt; 
#Place the letter and copies of permits on top of the peanuts. &lt;br&gt; 
#Seal the box, label, and airmail it.
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=4&gt; 
Image:Pack6.jpg |Place heaviest and bigger specimens in the bottom.
Image:Pack7.jpg |Fill the box with peanuts 
Image:Pack8.jpg |Cardboard box ......
Image:Pack9.jpg |Use a double cardboard box
&lt;/gallery&gt;



&lt;br&gt; 

*A relatively benign, good, alternative to 95% ethanol is DMSO+NaCl (see Dawson et al. 1998)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>981</id>
      <parentid>980</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T06:09:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6593">
Jellyfish samples are necessarily preserved in 2-4% formalin (for morhpological analyses) and 95% ethanol (for DNA analyses*). Both formalin and ethanol are hazardous substances and therefore must be shipped with appropriate precaution. If shipping samples in jars full of preservative, the only way to ship them is to use couriers such as FedEx, [[www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp|DHL]], and [http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav UPS] which will deal with the packages as hazardous materials. Obviously, this is very expensive because [1] such packages are large and/or heavy due to all the preservative, [2] they receive special handling, and [3] it's a door-to-door service. Fortunately, it is usually possible to send samples preserved in 4% formalin or 95% ethanol through the regular postal service as long as their rules are followed ([http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity USPS]). In my experience, most clerks at the post office are not familiar with the regulations regarding sending such substances through the mail (the usual response is that you cannot do it at all), so it is best to read the regulations yourself; usually you'll find that it's OK to send very small quantities if they're packaged accordingly. A method for packing and shipping samples that I learned from Lori J. Bell (and which she had learned from someone else) is explained below. We have never had any problem with this method. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Shipping tissues preserved in ethanol for DNA analysis.  ==

Materials required: &lt;br&gt;

*2 ml vial with a screw-cap and o-ring containing preservative and tissue&lt;br&gt;
*waterproof paper and pencils&lt;br&gt;
*whirl-pak bag or box of appropriate size, one 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bag&lt;br&gt;
*paper towel (or other absorbant material)&lt;br&gt;
*rubber bands &lt;br&gt;
*ziplock bags &lt;br&gt;
*letter (declare there is no comercial value, number of&amp;nbsp; samples, their origin, their destination, contact information)&lt;br&gt;
*copies of permits&lt;br&gt;
*padded envelope.

Procedure: &lt;br&gt;

#Make sure the cap is screwed on firmly, with a label. Be sure to write the label in waterproof paper and pencil (Ethanol will dissolve the ink of permanent markers).&lt;br&gt;
#Place into the whirl-pak bag or box. Vials should be wrapped in small groups and wrapped with packaging tape. This makes one single unit out of many and will prevent movement and collision during shipping, seal the bag.&lt;br&gt;
#Put into the 4-mil plastic bag including the paper towel, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with 2 rubber bands.&lt;br&gt;
#Double wrap the vials or box with zip lock bags.&lt;br&gt;
#Place in the padded envelope along with the letter and copies of permits. &lt;br&gt;
#Seal, label, and airmail it.&lt;br&gt;

'''NOTES'''&lt;br&gt;

The shipments of samples preserved in ethanol are regulated by the Department of Transportation. Shipping ethanol in limited quantities is allowed in almost all the commercial couriers following the next regulations:&lt;br&gt;1. Each pack of vials cannot exceed 1 liter each.&lt;br&gt;2. Shipment must be packed in strong, tight and secure containers.&lt;br&gt;3. Shipments must contain enough absorbent material (pads, cotton, etc.).&lt;br&gt;4. Total package weight cannot exceed 30 kg.&lt;br&gt;5. Shipping label:'''Limited quantity, ethanol, 3, UN1170, PG II. '''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

== Shipping tissues preserved in formalin for morphological analyses.  ==

Materials required: 

*preserved sample 
*whirl-pak bag of appropriate size 
*three 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bags 
*paper towel (or other absorbant material) 
*rubber bands 
*plenty of packing peanuts (not the corn ones that dissolve when wet) or other any other kind of protected material 
*two cardboard boxes (the smallest should have plenty of space for the specimens, and also fit comfortably inside the larger box) or styrofoam coolers&lt;br&gt;

Procedure: &lt;br&gt; 

Jellyfish should be pack in plastic bags or plastic containers with tap water. FORMALIN is prohibited for almost all the worldwide courier companies, including post office and airlines cargo. 

#Carefully transfer the specimen into the whirl-pak bag if it was storage in jar. For speciemns in plastic bags, drain all the formalin.&lt;br&gt; 
#Place a pad of cotton moisturized with tap water in the bottom of the bag. 
#Carefully remove the air&amp;nbsp; from the whirl-pak bag without damaging the specimen, and seal the bag as was explained in the [http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods#Preservation_of_Medusae.C2.A0 preservation of medusae section]. &lt;br&gt; 
#Put the whirl-pak bag into one of the 4-mil plastic bags and include some of the paper towel. Twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. &lt;br&gt; 
#Place this bag into the second of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. &lt;br&gt; 
#Now place this bag into the third of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. &lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=4&gt; 
Image:Pack1.jpg |Drain the remain of formalin
Image:Pack2.jpg |Place a piece of cotton on the bottom or side of the bag
Image:Pack3.jpg |Remove air
Image:Pack4.jpg |Seal the bag
Image:Pack5.jpg |Use a double bag
&lt;/gallery&gt;

#Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the smaller box, put the bag(s) in the box, placing the heaviest and bigger organisms at the bottom and the lighter and smaller on the top. and fill with peanuts. &lt;br&gt; 
#Seal the box. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the larger box, put the smaller box in the larger box, and fill with peanuts. &lt;br&gt; 
#Place the letter and copies of permits on top of the peanuts. &lt;br&gt; 
#Seal the box, label, and airmail it.
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=4&gt; 
Image:Pack6.jpg |Place heaviest and bigger specimens in the bottom.
Image:Pack7.jpg |Fill the box with peanuts 
Image:Pack8.jpg |Cardboard box ......
Image:Pack9.jpg |Use a double cardboard box
&lt;/gallery&gt;



&lt;br&gt; 

*A relatively benign, good, alternative to 95% ethanol is DMSO+NaCl (see Dawson et al. 1998)

&lt;br&gt;

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to: 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1179</id>
      <parentid>981</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:29:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+category</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6621">Jellyfish samples are necessarily preserved in 2-4% formalin (for morhpological analyses) and 95% ethanol (for DNA analyses*). Both formalin and ethanol are hazardous substances and therefore must be shipped with appropriate precaution. If shipping samples in jars full of preservative, the only way to ship them is to use couriers such as FedEx, [[www.dhl-usa.com/custserv/dangerousgoods.asp|DHL]], and [http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/hazardous/index.html?WT.svl=SubNav UPS] which will deal with the packages as hazardous materials. Obviously, this is very expensive because [1] such packages are large and/or heavy due to all the preservative, [2] they receive special handling, and [3] it's a door-to-door service. Fortunately, it is usually possible to send samples preserved in 4% formalin or 95% ethanol through the regular postal service as long as their rules are followed ([http://www.usps.com/aviationsecurity USPS]). In my experience, most clerks at the post office are not familiar with the regulations regarding sending such substances through the mail (the usual response is that you cannot do it at all), so it is best to read the regulations yourself; usually you'll find that it's OK to send very small quantities if they're packaged accordingly. A method for packing and shipping samples that I learned from Lori J. Bell (and which she had learned from someone else) is explained below. We have never had any problem with this method. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Shipping tissues preserved in ethanol for DNA analysis.  ==

Materials required: &lt;br&gt;

*2 ml vial with a screw-cap and o-ring containing preservative and tissue&lt;br&gt;
*waterproof paper and pencils&lt;br&gt;
*whirl-pak bag or box of appropriate size, one 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bag&lt;br&gt;
*paper towel (or other absorbant material)&lt;br&gt;
*rubber bands &lt;br&gt;
*ziplock bags &lt;br&gt;
*letter (declare there is no comercial value, number of&amp;nbsp; samples, their origin, their destination, contact information)&lt;br&gt;
*copies of permits&lt;br&gt;
*padded envelope.

Procedure: &lt;br&gt;

#Make sure the cap is screwed on firmly, with a label. Be sure to write the label in waterproof paper and pencil (Ethanol will dissolve the ink of permanent markers).&lt;br&gt;
#Place into the whirl-pak bag or box. Vials should be wrapped in small groups and wrapped with packaging tape. This makes one single unit out of many and will prevent movement and collision during shipping, seal the bag.&lt;br&gt;
#Put into the 4-mil plastic bag including the paper towel, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with 2 rubber bands.&lt;br&gt;
#Double wrap the vials or box with zip lock bags.&lt;br&gt;
#Place in the padded envelope along with the letter and copies of permits. &lt;br&gt;
#Seal, label, and airmail it.&lt;br&gt;

'''NOTES'''&lt;br&gt;

The shipments of samples preserved in ethanol are regulated by the Department of Transportation. Shipping ethanol in limited quantities is allowed in almost all the commercial couriers following the next regulations:&lt;br&gt;1. Each pack of vials cannot exceed 1 liter each.&lt;br&gt;2. Shipment must be packed in strong, tight and secure containers.&lt;br&gt;3. Shipments must contain enough absorbent material (pads, cotton, etc.).&lt;br&gt;4. Total package weight cannot exceed 30 kg.&lt;br&gt;5. Shipping label:'''Limited quantity, ethanol, 3, UN1170, PG II. '''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

== Shipping tissues preserved in formalin for morphological analyses.  ==

Materials required: 

*preserved sample 
*whirl-pak bag of appropriate size 
*three 30 cm x 60 cm '4 mil' plastic bags 
*paper towel (or other absorbant material) 
*rubber bands 
*plenty of packing peanuts (not the corn ones that dissolve when wet) or other any other kind of protected material 
*two cardboard boxes (the smallest should have plenty of space for the specimens, and also fit comfortably inside the larger box) or styrofoam coolers&lt;br&gt;

Procedure: &lt;br&gt; 

Jellyfish should be pack in plastic bags or plastic containers with tap water. FORMALIN is prohibited for almost all the worldwide courier companies, including post office and airlines cargo. 

#Carefully transfer the specimen into the whirl-pak bag if it was storage in jar. For speciemns in plastic bags, drain all the formalin.&lt;br&gt; 
#Place a pad of cotton moisturized with tap water in the bottom of the bag. 
#Carefully remove the air&amp;nbsp; from the whirl-pak bag without damaging the specimen, and seal the bag as was explained in the [http://scyphozoan.ucmercedlibrary.info/wiki/Methods#Preservation_of_Medusae.C2.A0 preservation of medusae section]. &lt;br&gt; 
#Put the whirl-pak bag into one of the 4-mil plastic bags and include some of the paper towel. Twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. &lt;br&gt; 
#Place this bag into the second of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. &lt;br&gt; 
#Now place this bag into the third of the 4-mil plastic bags, include some of the paper towel, remove excess air, twist the neck of the plastic bag until it is tightly coiled, bend the coil back on itself, and secure with one of the rubber bands. &lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt; &lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=4&gt; 
Image:Pack1.jpg |Drain the remain of formalin
Image:Pack2.jpg |Place a piece of cotton on the bottom or side of the bag
Image:Pack3.jpg |Remove air
Image:Pack4.jpg |Seal the bag
Image:Pack5.jpg |Use a double bag
&lt;/gallery&gt;

#Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the smaller box, put the bag(s) in the box, placing the heaviest and bigger organisms at the bottom and the lighter and smaller on the top. and fill with peanuts. &lt;br&gt; 
#Seal the box. Put a layer of peanuts on the bottom of the larger box, put the smaller box in the larger box, and fill with peanuts. &lt;br&gt; 
#Place the letter and copies of permits on top of the peanuts. &lt;br&gt; 
#Seal the box, label, and airmail it.
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;gallery widths=150px perrow=4&gt; 
Image:Pack6.jpg |Place heaviest and bigger specimens in the bottom.
Image:Pack7.jpg |Fill the box with peanuts 
Image:Pack8.jpg |Cardboard box ......
Image:Pack9.jpg |Use a double cardboard box
&lt;/gallery&gt;



&lt;br&gt; 

*A relatively benign, good, alternative to 95% ethanol is DMSO+NaCl (see Dawson et al. 1998)

&lt;br&gt;

Please send all samples through airmail at room temperature to: 

&lt;br&gt;'''Dr. Michael Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California at Merced&lt;br&gt;5200 North Lake Road&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95340 USA'''&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Identification]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Stauromedusae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>157</id>
    <revision>
      <id>670</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:56:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Family (2)  	Genus (14)  	Species (33)  	Image  	Collections   == Eleutherocarpidae ==  *''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 	antarcticus Pfeffer 1889 	  	    	  	auricula (Rathke 1806) * 	  	Chile...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1730">Family (2)  	Genus (14)  	Species (33)  	Image  	Collections


== Eleutherocarpidae ==

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 	antarcticus Pfeffer 1889 	  	 
  	  	auricula (Rathke 1806) * 	  	Chile
  	  	borealis Uchida 1933 	  	 
  	  	kerguelensis Vanhöffen 1908 	  	 
  	  	salpinx Clark 1863 	  	 
  	  	sanjuanensis (?? - see C.E. Mills page) 	  	 
  	  	steinegeri Kishinouye 1899 	  	 
  	Lucernaria O.F. Müller 1776 	australis Vanhöffen 1908 	  	 
  	  	bathyphila Haeckel 1880 	  	 
  	  	haeckeli (Antipa 1892) 	  	 
  	  	infundibulum Haeckel 1880 	  	 
  	  	quadricornis O.F. Müller 1776 * 	  	 
  	  	saint-hilarei (Radicorzew) 	  	 
  	  	walteri (Antipa 1892) 	  	 
  	Stenoscyphus Kishinouye 1902 	inabai (Kishinouye 1893) * 	  	 
  	Kishinouyea Mayer 1910 	nagatensis (Oka 1897) * 	  	 
  	Lucernariopsis Uchida 1929 	campanulata (Lamouroux 1815) * 	  	 
  	  	vanhoeffeni (Browne 1910) 	  	 
  	  	sp. Panikkar 1944 	  	 
  	Sasakiella Okubo 1917 	cruciformis Okubo 1917 * 	  	 
  	  	tsingtaoensis Ling 1937 	  	 
  	Lipkea Vogt 1886 	ruspoliana Vogt 1886 * 	  	 
  	  	stephensoni Carlgren 1933 	  	 
  	  	sturdzi (Antipa 1893) 	  	 
Cleistocarpidae 	Brochiella Krumbach 1925 	hexaradiata (Broch 1907) * 	  	 
  	Craterolophus Clark 1863 	convolvulus (Johnston 1835) * 	image 	 
  	  	macrocystis von Lendenfeld 1884 	  	 
  	Depastromorpha Carlgren 1935 	africana Carlgren 1935 * 	  	South Africa
  	Depastrum Gosse 1858 	cyathiforme (M. Sars 1846) * 	  	 
  	Halimocyathus Clark 1863 	lagena (O.F. Müller 1776) 	  	 
  	  	platypus Clark 1863 * 	  	 
  	Manania Clark 1863 	auricularia (Fabricius 1780) 	  	 
  	Thaumatoscyphus Kishinouye 1910 	distinctus Kishinouye 1910 * 	  	 

 

 

Compiled by M.N Dawson.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>672</id>
      <parentid>670</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T03:42:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2708">'''Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879'''

*Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles.

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961).

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999).
Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.
Type = * 

----

 Family (2)  	
 Genus (14)  	
 Species (33)  	


'''Eleutherocarpidae'''

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 	
**''antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 	  	 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)* (Collected in Chile)
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 	  	 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 1908 	  	 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 	  	 
**''sanjuanensis'' (?? - see C.E. Mills page) 	  	 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899 	  	 
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 	
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 	  	 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 	  	 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 	  	 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 	  	 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776 * 	  	 
**''saint-hilarei'' (Radicorzew) 	  	 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892) 	  	 
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 	
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)* 	  	 
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 	
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)* 	  	 
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 	
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 	  	 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 	  	 
**sp. Panikkar 1944 	  	 
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 	
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917 * 	  	 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937 	  	 
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 	
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886 * 	  	 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 	  	 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893) 	  	 

'''Cleistocarpidae''' 	
*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925 	
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) * 	  	 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863 	
**''convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * 	
**''macrocystis'' von Lendenfeld 1884 	  	 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935 	
**''africana'' Carlgren 1935 * (Collected in South Africa)
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858 	
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 	  	 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 	
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 	  	 
**''platypus'' Clark 1863 * 	  	 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 	
**'auricularia'' (Fabricius 1780) 	  	 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 	
**''distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 * 	  	 

 
Compiled by ''M.N Dawson''.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>673</id>
      <parentid>672</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T03:46:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2733">'''Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879'''

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [Staurolist|http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961).

'''Characteristics of the Order  (from Kramp 1961)'''

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles.

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp; Cornelius (1999).
Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA.
Type = * 

----

 '''Family''' (2)  	
 *Genus (14)  	
 **Species (33)  	


'''Eleutherocarpidae'''

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 	
**''antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 	  	 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)* (Collected in Chile)
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 	  	 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 1908 	  	 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 	  	 
**''sanjuanensis'' (?? - see C.E. Mills page) 	  	 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899 	  	 
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 	
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 	  	 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 	  	 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 	  	 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 	  	 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776 * 	  	 
**''saint-hilarei'' (Radicorzew) 	  	 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892) 	  	 
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 	
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)* 	  	 
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 	
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)* 	  	 
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 	
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 	  	 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 	  	 
**sp. Panikkar 1944 	  	 
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 	
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917 * 	  	 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937 	  	 
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 	
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886 * 	  	 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 	  	 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893) 	  	 

'''Cleistocarpidae''' 	
*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925 	
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) * 	  	 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863 	
**''convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * 	
**''macrocystis'' von Lendenfeld 1884 	  	 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935 	
**''africana'' Carlgren 1935 * (Collected in South Africa)
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858 	
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 	  	 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 	
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 	  	 
**''platypus'' Clark 1863 * 	  	 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 	
**'auricularia'' (Fabricius 1780) 	  	 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 	
**''distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 * 	  	 

 
Compiled by ''M.N Dawson''.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>674</id>
      <parentid>673</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T03:53:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2607">'''Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879''' 

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

'''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

----

 '''Family''' (2)  
 *Genus (14)  
 **Species 
(33)
&lt;/pre&gt; 
&lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae''' 

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)* (Collected in Chile) 
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''sanjuanensis'' (?? - see C.E. Mills page) 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899 
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776 * 
**''saint-hilarei'' (Radicorzew) 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892) 
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)* 
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)* 
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**sp. Panikkar 1944 
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917 * 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937 
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886 * 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)

'''Cleistocarpidae''' 

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925 
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) * 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863 
**''convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * 
**''macrocystis'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935 
**''africana'' Carlgren 1935 * (Collected in South Africa) 
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858 
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**'auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

&lt;br&gt; Compiled by ''M.N Dawson''.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>675</id>
      <parentid>674</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T03:54:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2611">'''Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879''' 

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

'''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

----

&lt;pre&gt;'''Family''' (2)  
 *Genus (14)  
 **Species (33)
&lt;/pre&gt; 

&lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae''' 

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)* (Collected in Chile) 
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''sanjuanensis'' (?? - see C.E. Mills page) 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899 
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776 * 
**''saint-hilarei'' (Radicorzew) 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892) 
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)* 
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)* 
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**sp. Panikkar 1944 
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917 * 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937 
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886 * 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)

'''Cleistocarpidae''' 

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925 
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) * 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863 
**''convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * 
**''macrocystis'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935 
**''africana'' Carlgren 1935 * (Collected in South Africa) 
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858 
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**'auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

&lt;br&gt; Compiled by ''M.N Dawson''.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>676</id>
      <parentid>675</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T03:55:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2610">'''Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879''' 

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

'''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

----
''''Key''''
'''Family''' (2)  
 *Genus (14)  
 **Species (33)


&lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae''' 

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)* (Collected in Chile) 
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''sanjuanensis'' (?? - see C.E. Mills page) 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899 
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776 * 
**''saint-hilarei'' (Radicorzew) 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892) 
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)* 
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)* 
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**sp. Panikkar 1944 
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917 * 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937 
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886 * 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)

'''Cleistocarpidae''' 

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925 
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) * 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863 
**''convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * 
**''macrocystis'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935 
**''africana'' Carlgren 1935 * (Collected in South Africa) 
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858 
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**'auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

&lt;br&gt; Compiled by ''M.N Dawson''.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>677</id>
      <parentid>676</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T03:57:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2607">'''Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879''' 

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

'''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

----
'''Key:'''
'''Family''' (2)  
*Genus (14)  
**Species (33)


&lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae''' 

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)* (Collected in Chile) 
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''sanjuanensis'' (?? - see C.E. Mills page) 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899 
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776 * 
**''saint-hilarei'' (Radicorzew) 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892) 
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)* 
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)* 
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**sp. Panikkar 1944 
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917 * 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937 
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886 * 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)

'''Cleistocarpidae''' 

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925 
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) * 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863 
**''convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * 
**''macrocystis'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935 
**''africana'' Carlgren 1935 * (Collected in South Africa) 
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858 
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**'auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

&lt;br&gt; Compiled by ''M.N Dawson''.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>678</id>
      <parentid>677</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T03:57:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2608">'''Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879''' 

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

'''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

----
'''Key:'''

'''Family''' (2)  
*Genus (14)  
**Species (33)


&lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae''' 

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)* (Collected in Chile) 
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''sanjuanensis'' (?? - see C.E. Mills page) 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899 
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776 * 
**''saint-hilarei'' (Radicorzew) 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892) 
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)* 
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)* 
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**sp. Panikkar 1944 
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917 * 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937 
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886 * 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)

'''Cleistocarpidae''' 

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925 
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) * 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863 
**''convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * 
**''macrocystis'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935 
**''africana'' Carlgren 1935 * (Collected in South Africa) 
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858 
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**'auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

&lt;br&gt; Compiled by ''M.N Dawson''.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>680</id>
      <parentid>678</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T04:01:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2726">'''Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879''' 

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

'''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

----

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae''' 

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)* (Collected in Chile) 
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''sanjuanensis'' (?? - see C.E. Mills page) 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899 
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776 * 
**''saint-hilarei'' (Radicorzew) 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892) 
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)* 
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)* 
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**sp. Panikkar 1944 
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917 * 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937 
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886 * 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)

'''Cleistocarpidae''' 

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925 
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) * 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863 
**''convolvulus'' (Johnston[[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|thumb|left| Craterolophus convolvulus (Johnston 1835) * ]] 1835) *&amp;nbsp;
**''macrocystis'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935&amp;nbsp;
**''africana'' Carlgren 1935 * (Collected in South Africa) 
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858&amp;nbsp;
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**'auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

&lt;br&gt; Compiled by ''M.N Dawson''.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>770</id>
      <parentid>680</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T08:29:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2729">'''Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879''' 

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

'''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

----

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae''' 

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)* (Collected in Chile) 
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''sanjuanensis'' (?? - see C.E. Mills page) 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899 
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776 * 
**''saint-hilarei'' (Radicorzew) 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892) 
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)* 
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)* 
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**sp. Panikkar 1944 
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917 * 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937 
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886 * 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)

'''Cleistocarpidae''' 

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925 
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) * 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863 [[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|border|right|Craterolophus convolvulus (Johnston 1835) *]]
**''convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) *&amp;nbsp; 
**''macrocystis'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935&amp;nbsp; 
**''africana'' Carlgren 1935 * (Collected in South Africa) 
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858&amp;nbsp; 
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**'auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

&lt;br&gt; ''Compiled by M.N Dawson.''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>771</id>
      <parentid>770</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T08:33:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2737">'''Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879''' 

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

'''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)''' 

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

----

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae''' 

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)* (Collected in Chile) 
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''sanjuanensis'' (?? - see C.E. Mills page) 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899 
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776 * 
**''saint-hilarei'' (Radicorzew) 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892) 
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)* 
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)* 
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**sp. Panikkar 1944 
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917 * 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937 
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886 * 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)

'''Cleistocarpidae''' 

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925 [[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|frame|right|Craterolophus convolvulus (Johnston 1835) *]]
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) *&amp;nbsp; 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863&amp;nbsp; 
**''convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * '''[Pictured on left]'''&lt;br&gt;
**''macrocystis'' von Lendenfeld 1884 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935&amp;nbsp; 
**''africana'' Carlgren 1935 * (Collected in South Africa) 
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858&amp;nbsp; 
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**'auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

&lt;br&gt; ''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>798</id>
      <parentid>771</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-02T11:26:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2786">*Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

== Stauromedusae Species ==

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae'''  ===

*''Haliclystus'' (Clark 1863) 
**''antarcticus'' (Pfeffer 1889) 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806; China)*&amp;nbsp; 
**''borealis'' (Uchida 1933) 
**''kerguelensis'' (Vanhöffen 1908) 
**''salpinx'' (Clark 1863) 
**''sanjuanensis'' (?? - see C.E. Mills page) 
**''steinegeri'' (Kishinouye 1899)
*''Lucernaria'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''australis'' (Vanhöffen 1908) 
**''bathyphila'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''infundibulum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
**''quadricornis'' (O.F. Müller 1776)* 
**''saint-hilarei'' (Radicorzew) 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892)
*''Stenoscyphus'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)*
*''Kishinouyea'' (Mayer 1910) 
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)*
*''Lucernariopsis'' (Uchida 1929) 
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**sp. (Panikkar 1944)
*''Sasakiella'' (Okubo 1917) 
**''cruciformis'' (Okubo 1917)* 
**''tsingtaoensis'' (Ling 1937)
*''Lipkea'' (Vogt 1886) 
**''ruspoliana'' (Vogt 1886)* 
**''stephensoni'' (Carlgren 1933) 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)



=== '''Cleistocarpidae'''  ===

*''Brochiella'' (Krumbach 1925) [[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|frame|right|Craterolophus convolvulus (Johnston 1835) *]] 
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) *&amp;nbsp; 
*''Craterolophus'' (Clark 1863)&amp;nbsp; 
**''convolvulus'' ('''pictured''', Johnston 1835) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''macrocystis'' (von Lendenfeld 1884) 
*''Depastromorpha'' (Carlgren 1935)&amp;nbsp; 
**''africana'' (Carlgren 1935; South Africa)* 
*''Depastrum'' (Gosse 1858)&amp;nbsp; 
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' (Clark 1863) 
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''platypus'' (Clark 1863)* 
*''Manania'' (Clark 1863) 
**auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''distinctus'' (Kishinouye 1910)*

&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>985</id>
      <parentid>798</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T22:13:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/*   Eleutherocarpidae */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2732">*Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

== Stauromedusae Species ==

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae'''  ===

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)* -  China&amp;nbsp; 
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 190) 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''sanjuanensis'' Hyman 1940 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776* 
**''saint-hilarei'' Radicorzew YEAR? 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892)
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)*
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)*
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**sp. Panikkar 1944
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917* 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886* 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)

=== '''Cleistocarpidae'''  ===

*''Brochiella'' (Krumbach 1925) [[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|frame|right|Craterolophus convolvulus (Johnston 1835) *]] 
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) *&amp;nbsp; 
*''Craterolophus'' (Clark 1863)&amp;nbsp; 
**''convolvulus'' ('''pictured''', Johnston 1835) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''macrocystis'' (von Lendenfeld 1884) 
*''Depastromorpha'' (Carlgren 1935)&amp;nbsp; 
**''africana'' (Carlgren 1935; South Africa)* 
*''Depastrum'' (Gosse 1858)&amp;nbsp; 
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' (Clark 1863) 
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''platypus'' (Clark 1863)* 
*''Manania'' (Clark 1863) 
**auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' (Kishinouye 1910) 
**''distinctus'' (Kishinouye 1910)*

&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>986</id>
      <parentid>985</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T22:17:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Cleistocarpidae */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2704">*Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

== Stauromedusae Species ==

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae'''  ===

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)* -  China&amp;nbsp; 
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 190) 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''sanjuanensis'' Hyman 1940 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776* 
**''saint-hilarei'' Radicorzew YEAR? 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892)
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)*
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)*
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**sp. Panikkar 1944
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917* 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886* 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)

=== '''Cleistocarpidae'''  ===

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925  
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) *&amp;nbsp; 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863&amp;nbsp; 
**''convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''macrocystis'' (von Lendenfeld 1884)  '''pictured''', 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935&amp;nbsp; 
**''africana'' Carlgren 1935 *  
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858&amp;nbsp; 
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

&lt;br&gt;
[[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|frame|right|Craterolophus convolvulus (Johnston 1835) *]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>987</id>
      <parentid>986</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T22:17:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/*   Eleutherocarpidae */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2690">*Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

== Stauromedusae Species ==

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae'''  ===

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)*  
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 190) 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''sanjuanensis'' Hyman 1940 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776* 
**''saint-hilarei'' Radicorzew YEAR? 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892)
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)*
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)*
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**sp. Panikkar 1944
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917* 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886* 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)

=== '''Cleistocarpidae'''  ===

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925  
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) *&amp;nbsp; 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863&amp;nbsp; 
**''convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''macrocystis'' (von Lendenfeld 1884)  '''pictured''', 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935&amp;nbsp; 
**''africana'' Carlgren 1935 *  
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858&amp;nbsp; 
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

&lt;br&gt;
[[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|frame|right|Craterolophus convolvulus (Johnston 1835) *]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>988</id>
      <parentid>987</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-02T22:18:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Stauromedusae Species */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2695">*Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

== Stauromedusae Species ==

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae'''  ===

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)*  
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 190) 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''sanjuanensis'' Hyman 1940 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776* 
**''saint-hilarei'' Radicorzew YEAR? 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892)
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)*
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)*
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**sp. Panikkar 1944
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917* 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886* 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)
&lt;br&gt;

=== '''Cleistocarpidae'''  ===

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925  
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) *&amp;nbsp; 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863&amp;nbsp; 
**''convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''macrocystis'' (von Lendenfeld 1884)  '''pictured''', 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935&amp;nbsp; 
**''africana'' Carlgren 1935 *  
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858&amp;nbsp; 
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

&lt;br&gt;
[[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|frame|right|Craterolophus convolvulus (Johnston 1835) *]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1004</id>
      <parentid>988</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T03:42:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2702">*Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

== Stauromedusae Species ==

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae'''  ===

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**[[''H. antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889]] 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)*  
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 190) 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''sanjuanensis'' Hyman 1940 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776* 
**''saint-hilarei'' Radicorzew YEAR? 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892)
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)*
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)*
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**sp. Panikkar 1944
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917* 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886* 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)
&lt;br&gt;

=== '''Cleistocarpidae'''  ===

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925  
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) *&amp;nbsp; 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863&amp;nbsp; 
**''convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''macrocystis'' (von Lendenfeld 1884)  '''pictured''', 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935&amp;nbsp; 
**''africana'' Carlgren 1935 *  
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858&amp;nbsp; 
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

&lt;br&gt;
[[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|frame|right|Craterolophus convolvulus (Johnston 1835) *]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1005</id>
      <parentid>1004</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T03:43:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2708">*Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

== Stauromedusae Species ==

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae'''  ===

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**[[Media:''H. antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889]] 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)*  
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 190) 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''sanjuanensis'' Hyman 1940 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776* 
**''saint-hilarei'' Radicorzew YEAR? 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892)
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)*
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)*
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**sp. Panikkar 1944
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917* 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886* 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)
&lt;br&gt;

=== '''Cleistocarpidae'''  ===

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925  
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) *&amp;nbsp; 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863&amp;nbsp; 
**''convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''macrocystis'' (von Lendenfeld 1884)  '''pictured''', 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935&amp;nbsp; 
**''africana'' Carlgren 1935 *  
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858&amp;nbsp; 
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

&lt;br&gt;
[[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|frame|right|Craterolophus convolvulus (Johnston 1835) *]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1006</id>
      <parentid>1005</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T03:44:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2704">*Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

== Stauromedusae Species ==

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae'''  ===

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**[[Media:H. antarcticus Pfeffer 1889]] 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)*  
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 190) 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''sanjuanensis'' Hyman 1940 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776* 
**''saint-hilarei'' Radicorzew YEAR? 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892)
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)*
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)*
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**sp. Panikkar 1944
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917* 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886* 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)
&lt;br&gt;

=== '''Cleistocarpidae'''  ===

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925  
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) *&amp;nbsp; 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863&amp;nbsp; 
**''convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''macrocystis'' (von Lendenfeld 1884)  '''pictured''', 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935&amp;nbsp; 
**''africana'' Carlgren 1935 *  
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858&amp;nbsp; 
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

&lt;br&gt;
[[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|frame|right|Craterolophus convolvulus (Johnston 1835) *]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1007</id>
      <parentid>1006</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T03:45:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2698">*Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

== Stauromedusae Species ==

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae'''  ===

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''H. antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)*  
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 190) 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''sanjuanensis'' Hyman 1940 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776* 
**''saint-hilarei'' Radicorzew YEAR? 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892)
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)*
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)*
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**sp. Panikkar 1944
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917* 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886* 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)
&lt;br&gt;

=== '''Cleistocarpidae'''  ===

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925  
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) *&amp;nbsp; 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863&amp;nbsp; 
**''convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''macrocystis'' (von Lendenfeld 1884)  '''pictured''', 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935&amp;nbsp; 
**''africana'' Carlgren 1935 *  
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858&amp;nbsp; 
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

&lt;br&gt;
[[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|frame|right|Craterolophus convolvulus (Johnston 1835) *]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1010</id>
      <parentid>1007</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T03:49:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2708">*Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

== Stauromedusae Species ==

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae'''  ===

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''[[Media:H. antarcticus'' Pfeffer 1889]] 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)*  
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 190) 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''sanjuanensis'' Hyman 1940 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776* 
**''saint-hilarei'' Radicorzew YEAR? 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892)
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)*
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)*
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**sp. Panikkar 1944
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917* 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886* 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)
&lt;br&gt;

=== '''Cleistocarpidae'''  ===

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925  
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) *&amp;nbsp; 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863&amp;nbsp; 
**''convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''macrocystis'' (von Lendenfeld 1884)  '''pictured''', 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935&amp;nbsp; 
**''africana'' Carlgren 1935 *  
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858&amp;nbsp; 
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

&lt;br&gt;
[[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|frame|right|Craterolophus convolvulus (Johnston 1835) *]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1011</id>
      <parentid>1010</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T03:50:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2708">*Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

== Stauromedusae Species ==

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae'''  ===

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''[[Media:H. antarcticus]]'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)*  
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 190) 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''sanjuanensis'' Hyman 1940 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776* 
**''saint-hilarei'' Radicorzew YEAR? 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892)
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)*
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)*
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**sp. Panikkar 1944
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917* 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886* 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)
&lt;br&gt;

=== '''Cleistocarpidae'''  ===

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925  
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) *&amp;nbsp; 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863&amp;nbsp; 
**''convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''macrocystis'' (von Lendenfeld 1884)  '''pictured''', 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935&amp;nbsp; 
**''africana'' Carlgren 1935 *  
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858&amp;nbsp; 
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

&lt;br&gt;
[[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|frame|right|Craterolophus convolvulus (Johnston 1835) *]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1012</id>
      <parentid>1011</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T03:51:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2702">*Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

== Stauromedusae Species ==

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae'''  ===

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''[[H. antarcticus]]'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''auricula'' (Rathke 1806)*  
**''borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 190) 
**''salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''sanjuanensis'' Hyman 1940 
**''steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776* 
**''saint-hilarei'' Radicorzew YEAR? 
**''walteri'' (Antipa 1892)
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)*
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)*
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**sp. Panikkar 1944
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''cruciformis'' Okubo 1917* 
**''tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886* 
**''stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)
&lt;br&gt;

=== '''Cleistocarpidae'''  ===

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925  
**''hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) *&amp;nbsp; 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863&amp;nbsp; 
**''convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''macrocystis'' (von Lendenfeld 1884)  '''pictured''', 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935&amp;nbsp; 
**''africana'' Carlgren 1935 *  
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858&amp;nbsp; 
**''cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

&lt;br&gt;
[[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|frame|right|Craterolophus convolvulus (Johnston 1835) *]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1027</id>
      <parentid>1012</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T04:23:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3099">*Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

== Stauromedusae Species ==

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae'''  ===

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''[[Haliclystus antarcticus]]'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''Haliclystus auricula'' (Rathke 1806)*  
**''Haliclystus borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''Haliclystus kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 190) 
**''Haliclystus salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''Haliclystus sanjuanensis'' Hyman 1940 
**''Haliclystus steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''Lucernaria australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''Lucernaria bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lucernaria haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''Lucernaria infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lucernaria quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776* 
**''Lucernaria saint-hilarei'' Radicorzew YEAR? 
**''Lucernaria walteri'' (Antipa 1892)
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''Stenoscyphus inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)*
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''Kishinouyea nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)*
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''Lucernariopsis campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''Lucernariopsis vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**''Lucernariopsis'' sp. Panikkar 1944
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''Sasakiella cruciformis'' Okubo 1917* 
**''Sasakiella tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''Lipkea ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886* 
**''Lipkea stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''Lipkea sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)
&lt;br&gt;

=== '''Cleistocarpidae'''  ===

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925  
**''Brochiella hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) *&amp;nbsp; 
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863&amp;nbsp; 
**''Craterolophus convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''Craterolophus macrocystis'' (von Lendenfeld 1884)  '''pictured''', 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935&amp;nbsp; 
**''Depastromorpha africana'' Carlgren 1935 *  
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858&amp;nbsp; 
**''Depastrum cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''Halimocyathus lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''Halimocyathus platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**''Manania auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Thaumatoscyphus distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

&lt;br&gt;
[[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|frame|right|''Craterolophus convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) *]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1105</id>
      <parentid>1027</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T06:27:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+img</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3233">[[Image:Haliclystus antarcticus 1C.jpg|thumb|Two Haliclystus antarcticus specimens attached to the red alga thalli. Scale bar – 1.2 cm.|300px]]

*Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

== Stauromedusae Species ==

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae'''  ===

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''[[Haliclystus antarcticus]]'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''Haliclystus auricula'' (Rathke 1806)*  
**''Haliclystus borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''Haliclystus kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 190) 
**''Haliclystus salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''Haliclystus sanjuanensis'' Hyman 1940 
**''Haliclystus steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''Lucernaria australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''Lucernaria bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lucernaria haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''Lucernaria infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lucernaria quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776* 
**''Lucernaria saint-hilarei'' Radicorzew YEAR? 
**''Lucernaria walteri'' (Antipa 1892)
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''Stenoscyphus inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)*
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''Kishinouyea nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)*
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''Lucernariopsis campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''Lucernariopsis vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**''Lucernariopsis'' sp. Panikkar 1944
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''Sasakiella cruciformis'' Okubo 1917* 
**''Sasakiella tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''Lipkea ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886* 
**''Lipkea stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''Lipkea sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)
&lt;br&gt;

=== '''Cleistocarpidae'''  ===

[[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|thumb|300px|right|''Craterolophus convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) *]]

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925  
**''Brochiella hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) *
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863
**''Craterolophus convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''Craterolophus macrocystis'' (von Lendenfeld 1884)  '''pictured''', 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935&amp;nbsp; 
**''Depastromorpha africana'' Carlgren 1935 *  
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858&amp;nbsp; 
**''Depastrum cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''Halimocyathus lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''Halimocyathus platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**''Manania auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Thaumatoscyphus distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1107</id>
      <parentid>1105</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T07:25:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+link</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3241">[[Image:Haliclystus antarcticus 1C.jpg|thumb|Two ''[[Haliclystus antarcticus]]'' specimens attached to the red alga thalli. Scale bar – 1.2 cm.|300px]]

*Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

== Stauromedusae Species ==

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae'''  ===

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''[[Haliclystus antarcticus]]'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''Haliclystus auricula'' (Rathke 1806)*  
**''Haliclystus borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''Haliclystus kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 190) 
**''Haliclystus salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''Haliclystus sanjuanensis'' Hyman 1940 
**''Haliclystus steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''Lucernaria australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''Lucernaria bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lucernaria haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''Lucernaria infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lucernaria quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776* 
**''Lucernaria saint-hilarei'' Radicorzew YEAR? 
**''Lucernaria walteri'' (Antipa 1892)
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''Stenoscyphus inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)*
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''Kishinouyea nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)*
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''Lucernariopsis campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''Lucernariopsis vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**''Lucernariopsis'' sp. Panikkar 1944
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''Sasakiella cruciformis'' Okubo 1917* 
**''Sasakiella tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''Lipkea ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886* 
**''Lipkea stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''Lipkea sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)
&lt;br&gt;

=== '''Cleistocarpidae'''  ===

[[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|thumb|300px|right|''Craterolophus convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) *]]

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925  
**''Brochiella hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) *
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863
**''Craterolophus convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''Craterolophus macrocystis'' (von Lendenfeld 1884)  '''pictured''', 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935&amp;nbsp; 
**''Depastromorpha africana'' Carlgren 1935 *  
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858&amp;nbsp; 
**''Depastrum cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''Halimocyathus lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''Halimocyathus platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**''Manania auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Thaumatoscyphus distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1158</id>
      <parentid>1107</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:18:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3267">[[Image:Haliclystus antarcticus 1C.jpg|thumb|Two ''[[Haliclystus antarcticus]]'' specimens attached to the red alga thalli. Scale bar – 1.2 cm.|300px]]

*Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

== Stauromedusae Species ==

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae'''  ===

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''[[Haliclystus antarcticus]]'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''Haliclystus auricula'' (Rathke 1806)*  
**''Haliclystus borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''Haliclystus kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 190) 
**''Haliclystus salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''Haliclystus sanjuanensis'' Hyman 1940 
**''Haliclystus steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''Lucernaria australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''Lucernaria bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lucernaria haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''Lucernaria infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lucernaria quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776* 
**''Lucernaria saint-hilarei'' Radicorzew YEAR? 
**''Lucernaria walteri'' (Antipa 1892)
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''Stenoscyphus inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)*
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''Kishinouyea nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)*
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''Lucernariopsis campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''Lucernariopsis vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**''Lucernariopsis'' sp. Panikkar 1944
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''Sasakiella cruciformis'' Okubo 1917* 
**''Sasakiella tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''Lipkea ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886* 
**''Lipkea stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''Lipkea sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)
&lt;br&gt;

=== '''Cleistocarpidae'''  ===

[[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|thumb|300px|right|''Craterolophus convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) *]]

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925  
**''Brochiella hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) *
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863
**''Craterolophus convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''Craterolophus macrocystis'' (von Lendenfeld 1884)  '''pictured''', 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935&amp;nbsp; 
**''Depastromorpha africana'' Carlgren 1935 *  
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858&amp;nbsp; 
**''Depastrum cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''Halimocyathus lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''Halimocyathus platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**''Manania auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Thaumatoscyphus distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

[[Category:Staurozoa| ]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1451</id>
      <parentid>1158</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-08-08T04:14:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>KathleenGreen</username>
        <id>47</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Stauromedusae Species */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3484">[[Image:Haliclystus antarcticus 1C.jpg|thumb|Two ''[[Haliclystus antarcticus]]'' specimens attached to the red alga thalli. Scale bar – 1.2 cm.|300px]]

*Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

== Stauromedusae Species ==

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.keyenvironmentalinc.info&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Key Environmental Inc&lt;/span&gt;] &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae'''  ===

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''[[Haliclystus antarcticus]]'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''Haliclystus auricula'' (Rathke 1806)*  
**''Haliclystus borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''Haliclystus kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 190) 
**''Haliclystus salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''Haliclystus sanjuanensis'' Hyman 1940 
**''Haliclystus steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''Lucernaria australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''Lucernaria bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lucernaria haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''Lucernaria infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lucernaria quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776* 
**''Lucernaria saint-hilarei'' Radicorzew YEAR? 
**''Lucernaria walteri'' (Antipa 1892)
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''Stenoscyphus inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)*
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''Kishinouyea nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)*
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''Lucernariopsis campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''Lucernariopsis vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**''Lucernariopsis'' sp. Panikkar 1944
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''Sasakiella cruciformis'' Okubo 1917* 
**''Sasakiella tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''Lipkea ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886* 
**''Lipkea stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''Lipkea sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)
&lt;br&gt;

=== '''Cleistocarpidae'''  ===

[[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|thumb|300px|right|''Craterolophus convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) *]]

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925  
**''Brochiella hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) *
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863
**''Craterolophus convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''Craterolophus macrocystis'' (von Lendenfeld 1884)  '''pictured''', 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935&amp;nbsp; 
**''Depastromorpha africana'' Carlgren 1935 *  
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858&amp;nbsp; 
**''Depastrum cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''Halimocyathus lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''Halimocyathus platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**''Manania auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Thaumatoscyphus distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

[[Category:Staurozoa| ]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1487</id>
      <parentid>1451</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-09-07T05:33:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IreneKirst</username>
        <id>70</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3696">[[Image:Haliclystus antarcticus 1C.jpg|thumb|Two ''[[Haliclystus antarcticus]]'' specimens attached to the red alga thalli. Scale bar – 1.2 cm.|300px]]

*Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphozoa developing directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached  &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Lim&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

== Stauromedusae Species ==

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.keyenvironmentalinc.info&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Key Environmental Inc&lt;/span&gt;] &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae'''  ===

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''[[Haliclystus antarcticus]]'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''Haliclystus auricula'' (Rathke 1806)*  
**''Haliclystus borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''Haliclystus kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 190) 
**''Haliclystus salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''Haliclystus sanjuanensis'' Hyman 1940 
**''Haliclystus steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''Lucernaria australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''Lucernaria bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lucernaria haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''Lucernaria infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lucernaria quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776* 
**''Lucernaria saint-hilarei'' Radicorzew YEAR? 
**''Lucernaria walteri'' (Antipa 1892)
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''Stenoscyphus inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)*
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''Kishinouyea nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)*
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''Lucernariopsis campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''Lucernariopsis vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**''Lucernariopsis'' sp. Panikkar 1944
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''Sasakiella cruciformis'' Okubo 1917* 
**''Sasakiella tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''Lipkea ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886* 
**''Lipkea stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''Lipkea sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)
&lt;br&gt;

=== '''Cleistocarpidae'''  ===

[[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|thumb|300px|right|''Craterolophus convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) *]]

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925  
**''Brochiella hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) *
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863
**''Craterolophus convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''Craterolophus macrocystis'' (von Lendenfeld 1884)  '''pictured''', 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935&amp;nbsp; 
**''Depastromorpha africana'' Carlgren 1935 *  
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858&amp;nbsp; 
**''Depastrum cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''Halimocyathus lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''Halimocyathus platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**''Manania auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Thaumatoscyphus distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

[[Category:Staurozoa| ]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1596</id>
      <parentid>1487</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-10-18T11:04:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Chudson</username>
        <id>156</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3905">[[Image:Haliclystus antarcticus 1C.jpg|thumb|Two ''[[Haliclystus antarcticus]]'' specimens attached to the red alga thalli. Scale bar – 1.2 cm.|300px]]

*Order Stauromedusae: Haeckel 1879

Claudia Mills, with Yayoi Hirano, is compiling a list of valid species names with synonyms, images, and some explanatory text that is available at [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html Staurolist]. For additional background information on the Stauromedusae see also [http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Stauromedusae.html Stauromedusae Info]. The list below is incomplete, being based largely on Kramp (1961). 

*Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)

Scyphozoa developing &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.bankerslifeinsurance.com/&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;bankers life&lt;/span&gt;] directly from the scyphistoma, consisting of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle attached  &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Lim&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Dr Susan Lim&lt;/span&gt;] to substratum by an adhesive disk; typically with adradial marginal lobes (arms) carrying hollow, terminally knobbed tentacles. 

== Stauromedusae Species ==

From Kramp (1961) and Mianzan &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://www.keyenvironmentalinc.info&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Key Environmental Inc&lt;/span&gt;] &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999). Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. Type = * 

'''Key:''' 

'''Family''' (2) 

*Genus (14) 
**Species (33)

=== &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''Eleutherocarpidae'''  ===

*''Haliclystus'' Clark 1863 
**''[[Haliclystus antarcticus]]'' Pfeffer 1889 
**''Haliclystus auricula'' (Rathke 1806)*  
**''Haliclystus borealis'' Uchida 1933 
**''Haliclystus kerguelensis'' Vanhöffen 190) 
**''Haliclystus salpinx'' Clark 1863 
**''Haliclystus sanjuanensis'' Hyman 1940 
**''Haliclystus steinegeri'' Kishinouye 1899
*''Lucernaria'' O.F. Müller 1776 
**''Lucernaria australis'' Vanhöffen 1908 
**''Lucernaria bathyphila'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lucernaria haeckeli'' (Antipa 1892) 
**''Lucernaria infundibulum'' Haeckel 1880 
**''Lucernaria quadricornis'' O.F. Müller 1776* 
**''Lucernaria saint-hilarei'' Radicorzew YEAR? 
**''Lucernaria walteri'' (Antipa 1892)
*''Stenoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1902 
**''Stenoscyphus inabai'' (Kishinouye 1893)*
*''Kishinouyea'' Mayer 1910 
**''Kishinouyea nagatensis'' (Oka 1897)*
*''Lucernariopsis'' Uchida 1929 
**''Lucernariopsis campanulata'' (Lamouroux 1815)* 
**''Lucernariopsis vanhoeffeni'' (Browne 1910) 
**''Lucernariopsis'' sp. Panikkar 1944
*''Sasakiella'' Okubo 1917 
**''Sasakiella cruciformis'' Okubo 1917* 
**''Sasakiella tsingtaoensis'' Ling 1937
*''Lipkea'' Vogt 1886 
**''Lipkea ruspoliana'' Vogt 1886* 
**''Lipkea stephensoni'' Carlgren 1933 
**''Lipkea sturdzi'' (Antipa 1893)
&lt;br&gt;

=== '''Cleistocarpidae'''  ===

[[Image:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg|thumb|300px|right|''Craterolophus convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) *]]

*''Brochiella'' Krumbach 1925  
**''Brochiella hexaradiata'' (Broch 1907) *
*''Craterolophus'' Clark 1863
**''Craterolophus convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) * &lt;br&gt; 
**''Craterolophus macrocystis'' (von Lendenfeld 1884)  '''pictured''', 
*''Depastromorpha'' Carlgren 1935&amp;nbsp; 
**''Depastromorpha africana'' Carlgren 1935 *  
*''Depastrum'' Gosse 1858&amp;nbsp; 
**''Depastrum cyathiforme'' (M. Sars 1846) * 
*''Halimocyathus'' Clark 1863 
**''Halimocyathus lagena'' (O.F. Müller 1776) 
**''Halimocyathus platypus'' Clark 1863 * 
*''Manania'' Clark 1863 
**''Manania auricularia''(Fabricius 1780) '' 
*''Thaumatoscyphus'' Kishinouye 1910 
**''Thaumatoscyphus distinctus'' Kishinouye 1910 *

[[Category:Staurozoa| ]]</text>
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      <comment>New page: ''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *   Eastern North Pacific and Gulf of California  Nickname: &quot;Bumpy&quot;  Photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="302">''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 

Eastern North Pacific and Gulf of California

Nickname: &quot;Bumpy&quot;

Photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;

----



[[Image:Stella-lab2_350.jpg|border|left|Kevin Baskoff 2003 MBARI]][[Image:Stellabumps1_350.jpg|border]]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="326">''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 

Eastern North Pacific and Gulf of California

Nickname: &quot;Bumpy&quot;

Photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute&lt;br&gt;

----



[[Image:Stella-lab2_350.jpg|border|left|Kevin Baskoff 2003 MBARI]][[Image:Stellabumps1_350.jpg|border]]

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
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    <title>Stygiomedusa gigantea</title>
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      <comment>New page: '''Stygiomedusa gigantea'''  ''Synonyms:'' Stygiomedusa fabulosa Russell 1959 [type] Stygiomedusa stauchi Repelin 1967  ''See also:'' Harbison et al. (1973) Larson (1986) Matsumoto et al. ...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="209">'''Stygiomedusa gigantea'''

''Synonyms:''
Stygiomedusa fabulosa Russell 1959 [type]
Stygiomedusa stauchi Repelin 1967

''See also:''
Harbison et al. (1973)
Larson (1986)
Matsumoto et al. (2003)
Repelin (1967)</text>
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      <comment>[[Gigantea]] moved to [[Stygiomedusa gigantea]]: To standardize referral to species pages</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="209">'''Stygiomedusa gigantea'''

''Synonyms:''
Stygiomedusa fabulosa Russell 1959 [type]
Stygiomedusa stauchi Repelin 1967

''See also:''
Harbison et al. (1973)
Larson (1986)
Matsumoto et al. (2003)
Repelin (1967)</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="213">'''''Stygiomedusa gigantea'''''

''Synonyms:''
Stygiomedusa fabulosa Russell 1959 [type]
Stygiomedusa stauchi Repelin 1967

''See also:''
Harbison et al. (1973)
Larson (1986)
Matsumoto et al. (2003)
Repelin (1967)</text>
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== ''Stygiomedusa gigantea'' (Browne 1910) * ==


''Synonyms:''
''Stygiomedusa fabulosa'' Russell 1959 [type]
''Stygiomedusa stauchi'' Repelin 1967

''See also:''
Harbison et al. (1973)
Larson (1986)
Matsumoto et al. (2003)
Repelin (1967)</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="274">== ''Stygiomedusa gigantea'' (Browne 1910) * ==


==Synonyms==
* ''Stygiomedusa fabulosa'' Russell 1959 [type]
* ''Stygiomedusa stauchi'' Repelin 1967

== See also ==
* Harbison et al. (1973)
* Larson (1986)
* Matsumoto et al. (2003)
* Repelin (1967)

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      <comment>New page:  http://cnidarian.info/  The goal of the Cnidaria Assembling the Tree of Life (CnidTol) project is to enhance understanding of the evolutionary history of the Phylum Cnidaria, one of the e...</comment>
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http://cnidarian.info/

The goal of the Cnidaria Assembling the Tree of Life (CnidTol) project is to enhance understanding of the evolutionary history of the Phylum Cnidaria, one of the earliest branches in the animal tree of life.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2858">== Welcome  ==

Cnidaria AToL (CnidTol) is a five-year, collaborative project funded by the National Science Foundation under the &quot;Assembling the Tree of Life&quot; program. The overall goal of CnidToL is to significantly enhance our understanding of evolution in the Phylum Cnidaria. The CnidToL project will use an integrative, multi-level approach to investigating cnidarian evolution. The CnidToL team is comprised of PIs, co-PIs and contractors from eleven laboratories at nine institutions and also includes multiple international and U.S. collaborators within the cnidarian scientific community. Through a collaborative effort, we will generate extensive molecular and morphological datasets that will be used to reconstruct phylogenetic hypothesis of cnidarian relationships. Molecular data will include mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA plus nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA; we anticipate a total of 10+ molecular markers. One aspect of morphology that will be examined in detail is the diversity of nematocysts (stinging cells); in turn the utility of these anatomical data for phylogenetic analyses will be evaluated. In addition, we will develop laboratory culture conditions for several different cnidarian species representing a broad phylogenetic sampling in an effort to develop new model organisms amenable for future in-depth developmental, life-history, and morphological studies. ([http://cnidarian.info/ See the CnidToL homepage]) 

Training and outreach are important components of the CnidToL project. An online database will include a catalogue of species, bibliography of literature in which they were described, inventory of type specimens, distribution maps, and images (see cnidarian.info). In addition, all of the molecular and morphological datasets generated from this project will be included in the CnidToL database. Undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral training and outreach to K-12 educators will also be a prominent component to this project. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Contact  ==

If you are interested in more information or want to discuss potential collaborations and/or contributions to the project, please contact the most relevant point-person listed below. A general description of the framework for collaborations on medusozoans follows the list of cnidarian personnel. 

'''Actiniarians and nematocysts:''' Meg Daly, daly.66@osu.edu 

'''Culturing new model organisms:'''

'''Data analyses:''' Dan Janies, janies-1@medctr.osu.edu &lt;br&gt;

'''Database development:'''

'''Hydra: '''

'''Hydrozoans: ''' Paulyn Cartwright, pcart@ku.edu &lt;br&gt;

'''Hexacorals: '''

'''Medusozoans:''' Allen Collins, CollinsA@si.edu &lt;br&gt;

'''Molecular marker development:''' Cliff Cunningham, cliff@duke.edu; Bernie Ball, bernie.ball@duke.edu 

'''Octocorals: ''''''Scyphozoans: '''Mike Dawson, mdawson@ucmerced.edu 

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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3010">== Welcome  ==

Cnidaria AToL (CnidTol) is a five-year, collaborative project funded by the National Science Foundation under the &quot;Assembling the Tree of Life&quot; program. The overall goal of CnidToL is to significantly enhance our understanding of evolution in the Phylum Cnidaria. The CnidToL project will use an integrative, multi-level approach to investigating cnidarian evolution. The CnidToL team is comprised of PIs, co-PIs and contractors from eleven laboratories at nine institutions and also includes multiple international and U.S. collaborators within the cnidarian scientific community. Through a collaborative effort, we will generate extensive molecular and morphological datasets that will be used to reconstruct phylogenetic hypothesis of cnidarian relationships. Molecular data will include mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA plus nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA; we anticipate a total of 10+ molecular markers. One aspect of morphology that will be examined in detail is the diversity of nematocysts (stinging cells); in turn the utility of these anatomical data for phylogenetic analyses will be evaluated. In addition, we will develop laboratory culture conditions for several different cnidarian species representing a broad phylogenetic sampling in an effort to develop new model organisms amenable for future in-depth developmental, life-history, and morphological studies. ([http://cnidarian.info/ See the CnidToL homepage]) 

Training and outreach are important components of the CnidToL project. An online database will include a catalogue of species, bibliography of literature in which they were described, inventory of type specimens, distribution maps, and images (see cnidarian.info). In addition, all of the molecular and morphological datasets generated from this project will be included in the CnidToL database. Undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral training and outreach to K-12 educators will also be a prominent component to this project. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Contact  ==

If you are interested in more information or want to discuss potential collaborations and/or contributions to the project, please contact the most relevant point-person listed below. A general description of the framework for collaborations on medusozoans follows the list of cnidarian personnel. 

'''Actiniarians and nematocysts:''' Meg Daly, daly.66@osu.edu 

'''Culturing new model organisms:&amp;nbsp;'''Neil Blackstone, neilb@niu.edu 

'''Data analyses:''' Dan Janies, janies-1@medctr.osu.edu &lt;br&gt; 

'''Database development:&amp;nbsp;'''Daphne Fautin, fautin@ku.edu 

'''Hydra: '''Daniel Mart’nez, dmartinez@pomona.edu 

'''Hydrozoans: ''' Paulyn Cartwright, pcart@ku.edu &lt;br&gt; 

'''Hexacorals:''' Sandra Romano, sromano@uvi.edu 

'''Medusozoans:''' Allen Collins, CollinsA@si.edu &lt;br&gt; 

'''Molecular marker development:''' Cliff Cunningham, cliff@duke.edu; Bernie Ball, bernie.ball@duke.edu 

'''Octocorals: '''&lt;br&gt;

'''Scyphozoans: '''Mike Dawson, mdawson@ucmerced.edu 

&lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="5908">== [[Image:CnidToL logo.jpg|thumb|right|The Cindarian Tree of Life Project]]Welcome  ==

Cnidaria AToL (CnidTol) is a five-year, collaborative project funded by the National Science Foundation under the &quot;Assembling the Tree of Life&quot; program. The overall goal of CnidToL is to significantly enhance our understanding of evolution in the Phylum Cnidaria. The CnidToL project will use an integrative, multi-level approach to investigating cnidarian evolution. The CnidToL team is comprised of PIs, co-PIs and contractors from eleven laboratories at nine institutions and also includes multiple international and U.S. collaborators within the cnidarian scientific community. Through a collaborative effort, we will generate extensive molecular and morphological datasets that will be used to reconstruct phylogenetic hypothesis of cnidarian relationships. Molecular data will include mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA plus nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA; we anticipate a total of 10+ molecular markers. One aspect of morphology that will be examined in detail is the diversity of nematocysts (stinging cells); in turn the utility of these anatomical data for phylogenetic analyses will be evaluated. In addition, we will develop laboratory culture conditions for several different cnidarian species representing a broad phylogenetic sampling in an effort to develop new model organisms amenable for future in-depth developmental, life-history, and morphological studies. ([http://cnidarian.info/ See the CnidToL homepage]) 

Training and outreach are important components of the CnidToL project. An online database will include a catalogue of species, bibliography of literature in which they were described, inventory of type specimens, distribution maps, and images (see cnidarian.info). In addition, all of the molecular and morphological datasets generated from this project will be included in the CnidToL database. Undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral training and outreach to K-12 educators will also be a prominent component to this project. 

&lt;br&gt; 

== Overview  ==

Over the next 5 years, we aim to gather large amounts of DNA sequence data accompanied by voucher specimens to assemble as robust a phylogeny of the scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) as possible, including understanding the evolution of scyphozoans relative to cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. Important goals of the project are to establish collaborations that will (1) support new international projects, (2) enable the diverse taxonomic sampling essential to success of the project, and (3) develop the robust global community essential for continuing rapid progress during and after the project. 

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

== Collecting  ==

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species). 

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water. 

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin. 

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name. 

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge. 

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

[http://www2.eve.ucdavis.edu/mndawson/tS/Res/Methods.html Additional instructions for sampling and photographing medusae.]

== Contact  ==

If you are interested in more information or want to discuss potential collaborations and/or contributions to the project, please contact the most relevant point-person listed below. A general description of the framework for collaborations on medusozoans follows the list of cnidarian personnel. 

'''Actiniarians and nematocysts:''' Meg Daly, daly.66@osu.edu 

'''Culturing new model organisms:&amp;nbsp;'''Neil Blackstone, neilb@niu.edu 

'''Data analyses:''' Dan Janies, janies-1@medctr.osu.edu &lt;br&gt; 

'''Database development:&amp;nbsp;'''Daphne Fautin, fautin@ku.edu 

'''Hydra: '''Daniel Mart’nez, dmartinez@pomona.edu 

'''Hydrozoans: ''' Paulyn Cartwright, pcart@ku.edu &lt;br&gt; 

'''Hexacorals:''' Sandra Romano, sromano@uvi.edu 

'''Medusozoans:''' Allen Collins, CollinsA@si.edu &lt;br&gt; 

'''Molecular marker development:''' Cliff Cunningham, cliff@duke.edu; Bernie Ball, bernie.ball@duke.edu 

'''Octocorals: '''&lt;br&gt; 

'''Scyphozoans: '''Mike Dawson, mdawson@ucmerced.edu 

&lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9790">[[Image:CnidToL logo.jpg|thumb|right|The Cindarian Tree of Life Project]] 

== Welcome  ==

Cnidaria AToL (CnidTol) is a five-year, collaborative project funded by the National Science 

Foundation under the &quot;Assembling the Tree of Life&quot; program. The overall goal of CnidToL is to significantly enhance our understanding of evolution in the Phylum Cnidaria. The CnidToL project will use an integrative, multi-level approach to investigating cnidarian evolution. The CnidToL team is comprised of PIs, co-PIs and contractors from eleven laboratories at nine institutions and also includes multiple international and U.S. collaborators within the cnidarian scientific community. Through a collaborative effort, we will generate extensive molecular and morphological datasets that will be used to reconstruct phylogenetic hypothesis of cnidarian relationships. Molecular data will include mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA plus nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA; we anticipate a total of 10+ molecular markers. One aspect of morphology that will be examined in detail is the diversity of nematocysts (stinging cells); in turn the utility of these anatomical data for phylogenetic analyses will be evaluated. In addition, we will develop laboratory culture conditions for several different cnidarian species representing a broad phylogenetic sampling in an effort to develop new model organisms amenable for future in-depth developmental, life-history, and morphological studies. ([http://cnidarian.info/ See the CnidToL homepage]) 

Training and outreach are important components of the CnidToL project. An online database will include a catalogue of species, bibliography of literature in which they were described, inventory of type specimens, distribution maps, and images (see cnidarian.info). In addition, all of the molecular and morphological datasets generated from this project will be included in the CnidToL database. Undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral training and outreach to K-12 educators will also be a prominent component to this project.&lt;br&gt; 

== Overview  ==

Over the next 5 years, we aim to gather large amounts of DNA sequence data accompanied by voucher specimens to assemble as robust a phylogeny of the scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) as possible, including understanding the evolution of scyphozoans relative to cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. Important goals of the project are to establish collaborations that will (1) support new international projects, (2) enable the diverse taxonomic sampling essential to success of the project, and (3) develop the robust global community essential for continuing rapid progress during and after the project. 

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

== Collecting  ==

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species). 

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water. 

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin. 

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name. 

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge. 

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

[http://www2.eve.ucdavis.edu/mndawson/tS/Res/Methods.html Additional instructions for sampling and photographing medusae.] 

== Sending Samples ==

Keep the samples for at least a few weeks after collection to ensure they are well preserved. Please send ethanol-preserved samples for DNA analysis separate from formalin-preserved samples for morphological analysis.

The small vials of 95% ethanol with tissue for DNA analysis can be wrapped in a couple of plastic bags, sealed, put in a padded envelope or box, and mailed safely.

The specimens in 4% formalin should be placed in small, non-breakable (e.g. plastic bag, or plastic bottle), containers with sufficient space to fit the animal and just enough liquid to stop it getting damaged in transit. Remove all air from the container to minimize damage in transit. Make sure the container is well-sealed, then seal it another 3 times in additional bags. Pack the sample with plenty of cushioning inside a box.

Include a note in the box stating the point of origin and destination of the package, and a statement that it is a sample for scientific purposes. This will help it pass through customs easily if the package is checked by a customs officer.

All samples should be mailed to: Dr. Paulyn Cartwright, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, phone: 785/864-4432, fax: 785/864-5860 


== Taxonomic Scope ==

All species of scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) plus a broad sampling of cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. 


== Expenses ==

CnidToL will cover moderate costs associated with sampling and shipping specimens. This can include (1) a small pre-payment of up to a few hundred US$$ if funds are needed before sampling and shipping, or (2) reimbursement of costs after sampling and shipping. Payment of costs by CnidToL will require providing a budget (for pre-payments), receipts (for reimbursements), institutional information for transfer of funds, and signing a contract with Kansas University [a formality to ensure everybody's obligations to the project are clear]. For information on pre-payments and reimbursements and the contract, please contact the CnidToL project leader Dr. Paulyn Cartwright pcart@ku.edu. 


== Publications ==

The arrangement proposed is that each colleague and the relevant medusozoan specialist (e.g. Allen Collins, Mike Dawson, Antonio Marques) will write a manuscript describing the medusae that you contribute to the project. This most likely would take the form of a regional summary of collections or a taxonomic paper on which you would be the lead author and to which we could contribute taxonomic expertise, DNA analyses, some writing and/or figure preparation, editing, etc., as appropriate on a paper-by-paper basis. CnidToL would then also use the sequences and vouchers in analyses of higher-level taxa. Thus, if you make many collections in particular taxonomic groups, we can discuss additional co-authorships on systematic/phylogenetic papers to which those samples contribute significantly. Please feel welcome to discuss this or other appropriate arrangements with each CnidToL specialist with whom you collaborate. 

== Contact  ==

If you are interested in more information or want to discuss potential collaborations and/or contributions to the project, please contact the most relevant point-person listed below. A general description of the framework for collaborations on medusozoans follows the list of cnidarian personnel. 

'''Actiniarians and nematocysts:''' Meg Daly, daly.66@osu.edu 

'''Culturing new model organisms:''' Neil Blackstone, neilb@niu.edu 

'''Data analyses:''' Dan Janies, janies-1@medctr.osu.edu 

'''Database development:&amp;nbsp;'''Daphne Fautin, fautin@ku.edu 

'''Hydra: '''Daniel Mart’nez, dmartinez@pomona.edu 

'''Hydrozoans: ''' Paulyn Cartwright, pcart@ku.edu

'''Hexacorals:''' Sandra Romano, sromano@uvi.edu 

'''Medusozoans:''' Allen Collins, CollinsA@si.edu 

'''Molecular marker development:''' Cliff Cunningham, cliff@duke.edu; Bernie Ball, bernie.ball@duke.edu 

'''Octocorals: '''

'''Scyphozoans: '''Mike Dawson, mdawson@ucmerced.edu 

----

Please ensure that you have all necessary permits for collecting and shipping samples. Please abide by postal regulations (in most cases, mailing very small quantities of ethanol and 4% formalin is OK when packed appropriately). We encourage you to also deposit specimens in 4% formalin with your regional museum. If your collaboration with CnidToL can be used to leverage additional support from your home institution or national funding agencies that will contribute to your own work and to the CnidToL project please contact us for letters of support. 

If you have any questions regarding collaboration on the project or about scyphozoan jellyfishes, please do not hesitate to contact Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu.
 
''Prepared by P. Cartwright and M. N Dawson''</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9841">[[Image:CnidToL logo.jpg|border|right|The Cindarian Tree of Life Project]] 

== Welcome  ==

Cnidaria AToL (CnidTol) is a five-year, collaborative project funded by the National Science 

Foundation under the &quot;Assembling the Tree of Life&quot; program. The overall goal of CnidToL is to significantly enhance our understanding of evolution in the Phylum Cnidaria. The CnidToL project will use an integrative, multi-level approach to investigating cnidarian evolution. The CnidToL team is comprised of PIs, co-PIs and contractors from eleven laboratories at nine institutions and also includes multiple international and U.S. collaborators within the cnidarian scientific community. Through a collaborative effort, we will generate extensive molecular and morphological datasets that will be used to reconstruct phylogenetic hypothesis of cnidarian relationships. Molecular data will include mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA plus nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA; we anticipate a total of 10+ molecular markers. One aspect of morphology that will be examined in detail is the diversity of nematocysts (stinging cells); in turn the utility of these anatomical data for phylogenetic analyses will be evaluated. In addition, we will develop laboratory culture conditions for several different cnidarian species representing a broad phylogenetic sampling in an effort to develop new model organisms amenable for future in-depth developmental, life-history, and morphological studies. ([http://cnidarian.info/ See the CnidToL homepage]) 

Training and outreach are important components of the CnidToL project. An online database will include a catalogue of species, bibliography of literature in which they were described, inventory of type specimens, distribution maps, and images (see cnidarian.info). In addition, all of the molecular and morphological datasets generated from this project will be included in the CnidToL database. Undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral training and outreach to K-12 educators will also be a prominent component to this project.&lt;br&gt; 

== Overview  ==

Over the next 5 years, we aim to gather large amounts of DNA sequence data accompanied by voucher specimens to assemble as robust a phylogeny of the scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) as possible, including understanding the evolution of scyphozoans relative to cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. Important goals of the project are to establish collaborations that will (1) support new international projects, (2) enable the diverse taxonomic sampling essential to success of the project, and (3) develop the robust global community essential for continuing rapid progress during and after the project. 

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

== Collecting  ==

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species). 

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water. 

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin. 

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name. 

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge. 

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

[http://www2.eve.ucdavis.edu/mndawson/tS/Res/Methods.html Additional instructions for sampling and photographing medusae.] 

== Sending Samples  ==

Keep the samples for at least a few weeks after collection to ensure they are well preserved. Please send ethanol-preserved samples for DNA analysis separate from formalin-preserved samples for morphological analysis. 

The small vials of 95% ethanol with tissue for DNA analysis can be wrapped in a couple of plastic bags, sealed, put in a padded envelope or box, and mailed safely. 

The specimens in 4% formalin should be placed in small, non-breakable (e.g. plastic bag, or plastic bottle), containers with sufficient space to fit the animal and just enough liquid to stop it getting damaged in transit. Remove all air from the container to minimize damage in transit. Make sure the container is well-sealed, then seal it another 3 times in additional bags. Pack the sample with plenty of cushioning inside a box. 

Include a note in the box stating the point of origin and destination of the package, and a statement that it is a sample for scientific purposes. This will help it pass through customs easily if the package is checked by a customs officer. 

All samples should be mailed to: Dr. Paulyn Cartwright, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, phone: 785/864-4432, fax: 785/864-5860&lt;br&gt; 

== Taxonomic Scope  ==

All species of scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) plus a broad sampling of cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae.&lt;br&gt; 

== Expenses  ==

CnidToL will cover moderate costs associated with sampling and shipping specimens. This can include (1) a small pre-payment of up to a few hundred US$$ if funds are needed before sampling and shipping, or (2) reimbursement of costs after sampling and shipping. Payment of costs by CnidToL will require providing a budget (for pre-payments), receipts (for reimbursements), institutional information for transfer of funds, and signing a contract with Kansas University [a formality to ensure everybody's obligations to the project are clear]. For information on pre-payments and reimbursements and the contract, please contact the CnidToL project leader Dr. Paulyn Cartwright pcart@ku.edu&lt;br&gt; 

== Publications  ==

The arrangement proposed is that each colleague and the relevant medusozoan specialist (e.g. Allen Collins, Mike Dawson, Antonio Marques) will write a manuscript describing the medusae that you contribute to the project. This most likely would take the form of a regional summary of collections or a taxonomic paper on which you would be the lead author and to which we could contribute taxonomic expertise, DNA analyses, some writing and/or figure preparation, editing, etc., as appropriate on a paper-by-paper basis. CnidToL would then also use the sequences and vouchers in analyses of higher-level taxa. Thus, if you make many collections in particular taxonomic groups, we can discuss additional co-authorships on systematic/phylogenetic papers to which those samples contribute significantly. Please feel welcome to discuss this or other appropriate arrangements with each CnidToL specialist with whom you collaborate. 

== Contact  ==

If you are interested in more information or want to discuss potential collaborations and/or contributions to the project, please contact the most relevant point-person listed below. A general description of the framework for collaborations on medusozoans follows the list of cnidarian personnel. 

'''Actiniarians and nematocysts:''' Meg Daly, daly.66@osu.edu 

'''Culturing new model organisms:''' Neil Blackstone, neilb@niu.edu 

'''Data analyses:''' Dan Janies, janies-1@medctr.osu.edu 

'''Database development:&amp;nbsp;'''Daphne Fautin, fautin@ku.edu 

'''Hydra: '''Daniel Mart’nez, dmartinez@pomona.edu 

'''Hydrozoans: ''' Paulyn Cartwright, pcart@ku.edu 

'''Hexacorals:''' Sandra Romano, sromano@uvi.edu 

'''Medusozoans:''' Allen Collins, CollinsA@si.edu 

'''Molecular marker development:''' Cliff Cunningham, cliff@duke.edu; Bernie Ball, bernie.ball@duke.edu 

'''Octocorals: '''Cathy McFadden, mcfadden@hmc.edu 

'''Scyphozoans: '''Mike Dawson, mdawson@ucmerced.edu 

----

Please ensure that you have all necessary permits for collecting and shipping samples. Please abide by postal regulations (in most cases, mailing very small quantities of ethanol and 4% formalin is OK when packed appropriately). We encourage you to also deposit specimens in 4% formalin with your regional museum. If your collaboration with CnidToL can be used to leverage additional support from your home institution or national funding agencies that will contribute to your own work and to the CnidToL project please contact us for letters of support. 

If you have any questions regarding collaboration on the project or about scyphozoan jellyfishes, please do not hesitate to contact Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. 

''Prepared by P. Cartwright and M. N Dawson''</text>
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      <minor/>
      <comment>[[The Cnidarian Tree of Life]] moved to [[Tree of Life]]: Simplify.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9841">[[Image:CnidToL logo.jpg|border|right|The Cindarian Tree of Life Project]] 

== Welcome  ==

Cnidaria AToL (CnidTol) is a five-year, collaborative project funded by the National Science 

Foundation under the &quot;Assembling the Tree of Life&quot; program. The overall goal of CnidToL is to significantly enhance our understanding of evolution in the Phylum Cnidaria. The CnidToL project will use an integrative, multi-level approach to investigating cnidarian evolution. The CnidToL team is comprised of PIs, co-PIs and contractors from eleven laboratories at nine institutions and also includes multiple international and U.S. collaborators within the cnidarian scientific community. Through a collaborative effort, we will generate extensive molecular and morphological datasets that will be used to reconstruct phylogenetic hypothesis of cnidarian relationships. Molecular data will include mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA plus nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA; we anticipate a total of 10+ molecular markers. One aspect of morphology that will be examined in detail is the diversity of nematocysts (stinging cells); in turn the utility of these anatomical data for phylogenetic analyses will be evaluated. In addition, we will develop laboratory culture conditions for several different cnidarian species representing a broad phylogenetic sampling in an effort to develop new model organisms amenable for future in-depth developmental, life-history, and morphological studies. ([http://cnidarian.info/ See the CnidToL homepage]) 

Training and outreach are important components of the CnidToL project. An online database will include a catalogue of species, bibliography of literature in which they were described, inventory of type specimens, distribution maps, and images (see cnidarian.info). In addition, all of the molecular and morphological datasets generated from this project will be included in the CnidToL database. Undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral training and outreach to K-12 educators will also be a prominent component to this project.&lt;br&gt; 

== Overview  ==

Over the next 5 years, we aim to gather large amounts of DNA sequence data accompanied by voucher specimens to assemble as robust a phylogeny of the scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) as possible, including understanding the evolution of scyphozoans relative to cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. Important goals of the project are to establish collaborations that will (1) support new international projects, (2) enable the diverse taxonomic sampling essential to success of the project, and (3) develop the robust global community essential for continuing rapid progress during and after the project. 

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

== Collecting  ==

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species). 

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water. 

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin. 

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name. 

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge. 

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

[http://www2.eve.ucdavis.edu/mndawson/tS/Res/Methods.html Additional instructions for sampling and photographing medusae.] 

== Sending Samples  ==

Keep the samples for at least a few weeks after collection to ensure they are well preserved. Please send ethanol-preserved samples for DNA analysis separate from formalin-preserved samples for morphological analysis. 

The small vials of 95% ethanol with tissue for DNA analysis can be wrapped in a couple of plastic bags, sealed, put in a padded envelope or box, and mailed safely. 

The specimens in 4% formalin should be placed in small, non-breakable (e.g. plastic bag, or plastic bottle), containers with sufficient space to fit the animal and just enough liquid to stop it getting damaged in transit. Remove all air from the container to minimize damage in transit. Make sure the container is well-sealed, then seal it another 3 times in additional bags. Pack the sample with plenty of cushioning inside a box. 

Include a note in the box stating the point of origin and destination of the package, and a statement that it is a sample for scientific purposes. This will help it pass through customs easily if the package is checked by a customs officer. 

All samples should be mailed to: Dr. Paulyn Cartwright, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, phone: 785/864-4432, fax: 785/864-5860&lt;br&gt; 

== Taxonomic Scope  ==

All species of scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) plus a broad sampling of cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae.&lt;br&gt; 

== Expenses  ==

CnidToL will cover moderate costs associated with sampling and shipping specimens. This can include (1) a small pre-payment of up to a few hundred US$$ if funds are needed before sampling and shipping, or (2) reimbursement of costs after sampling and shipping. Payment of costs by CnidToL will require providing a budget (for pre-payments), receipts (for reimbursements), institutional information for transfer of funds, and signing a contract with Kansas University [a formality to ensure everybody's obligations to the project are clear]. For information on pre-payments and reimbursements and the contract, please contact the CnidToL project leader Dr. Paulyn Cartwright pcart@ku.edu&lt;br&gt; 

== Publications  ==

The arrangement proposed is that each colleague and the relevant medusozoan specialist (e.g. Allen Collins, Mike Dawson, Antonio Marques) will write a manuscript describing the medusae that you contribute to the project. This most likely would take the form of a regional summary of collections or a taxonomic paper on which you would be the lead author and to which we could contribute taxonomic expertise, DNA analyses, some writing and/or figure preparation, editing, etc., as appropriate on a paper-by-paper basis. CnidToL would then also use the sequences and vouchers in analyses of higher-level taxa. Thus, if you make many collections in particular taxonomic groups, we can discuss additional co-authorships on systematic/phylogenetic papers to which those samples contribute significantly. Please feel welcome to discuss this or other appropriate arrangements with each CnidToL specialist with whom you collaborate. 

== Contact  ==

If you are interested in more information or want to discuss potential collaborations and/or contributions to the project, please contact the most relevant point-person listed below. A general description of the framework for collaborations on medusozoans follows the list of cnidarian personnel. 

'''Actiniarians and nematocysts:''' Meg Daly, daly.66@osu.edu 

'''Culturing new model organisms:''' Neil Blackstone, neilb@niu.edu 

'''Data analyses:''' Dan Janies, janies-1@medctr.osu.edu 

'''Database development:&amp;nbsp;'''Daphne Fautin, fautin@ku.edu 

'''Hydra: '''Daniel Mart’nez, dmartinez@pomona.edu 

'''Hydrozoans: ''' Paulyn Cartwright, pcart@ku.edu 

'''Hexacorals:''' Sandra Romano, sromano@uvi.edu 

'''Medusozoans:''' Allen Collins, CollinsA@si.edu 

'''Molecular marker development:''' Cliff Cunningham, cliff@duke.edu; Bernie Ball, bernie.ball@duke.edu 

'''Octocorals: '''Cathy McFadden, mcfadden@hmc.edu 

'''Scyphozoans: '''Mike Dawson, mdawson@ucmerced.edu 

----

Please ensure that you have all necessary permits for collecting and shipping samples. Please abide by postal regulations (in most cases, mailing very small quantities of ethanol and 4% formalin is OK when packed appropriately). We encourage you to also deposit specimens in 4% formalin with your regional museum. If your collaboration with CnidToL can be used to leverage additional support from your home institution or national funding agencies that will contribute to your own work and to the CnidToL project please contact us for letters of support. 

If you have any questions regarding collaboration on the project or about scyphozoan jellyfishes, please do not hesitate to contact Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. 

''Prepared by P. Cartwright and M. N Dawson''</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="18654">[[Image:CnidToL logo.jpg|border|right|The Cindarian Tree of Life Project]] 

== Cnidaria ATol  ==

Cnidaria AToL (CnidTol) is a five-year, collaborative project funded by the National Science 

Foundation under the &quot;Assembling the Tree of Life&quot; program. The overall goal of CnidToL is to significantly enhance our understanding of evolution in the Phylum Cnidaria. The CnidToL project will use an integrative, multi-level approach to investigating cnidarian evolution. The CnidToL team is comprised of PIs, co-PIs and contractors from eleven laboratories at nine institutions and also includes multiple international and U.S. collaborators within the cnidarian scientific community. Through a collaborative effort, we will generate extensive molecular and morphological datasets that will be used to reconstruct phylogenetic hypothesis of cnidarian relationships. Molecular data will include mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA plus nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA; we anticipate a total of 10+ molecular markers. One aspect of morphology that will be examined in detail is the diversity of nematocysts (stinging cells); in turn the utility of these anatomical data for phylogenetic analyses will be evaluated. In addition, we will develop laboratory culture conditions for several different cnidarian species representing a broad phylogenetic sampling in an effort to develop new model organisms amenable for future in-depth developmental, life-history, and morphological studies. ([http://cnidarian.info/ See the CnidToL homepage]) 

Training and outreach are important components of the CnidToL project. An online database will include a catalogue of species, bibliography of literature in which they were described, inventory of type specimens, distribution maps, and images (see cnidarian.info). In addition, all of the molecular and morphological datasets generated from this project will be included in the CnidToL database. Undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral training and outreach to K-12 educators will also be a prominent component to this project.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Overview  ===

Over the next 5 years, we aim to gather large amounts of DNA sequence data accompanied by voucher specimens to assemble as robust a phylogeny of the scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) as possible, including understanding the evolution of scyphozoans relative to cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. Important goals of the project are to establish collaborations that will (1) support new international projects, (2) enable the diverse taxonomic sampling essential to success of the project, and (3) develop the robust global community essential for continuing rapid progress during and after the project. 

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

=== Collecting  ===

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species). 

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water. 

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin. 

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name. 

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge. 

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

[http://www2.eve.ucdavis.edu/mndawson/tS/Res/Methods.html Additional instructions for sampling and photographing medusae.] 

=== Sending Samples  ===

Keep the samples for at least a few weeks after collection to ensure they are well preserved. Please send ethanol-preserved samples for DNA analysis separate from formalin-preserved samples for morphological analysis. 

The small vials of 95% ethanol with tissue for DNA analysis can be wrapped in a couple of plastic bags, sealed, put in a padded envelope or box, and mailed safely. 

The specimens in 4% formalin should be placed in small, non-breakable (e.g. plastic bag, or plastic bottle), containers with sufficient space to fit the animal and just enough liquid to stop it getting damaged in transit. Remove all air from the container to minimize damage in transit. Make sure the container is well-sealed, then seal it another 3 times in additional bags. Pack the sample with plenty of cushioning inside a box. 

Include a note in the box stating the point of origin and destination of the package, and a statement that it is a sample for scientific purposes. This will help it pass through customs easily if the package is checked by a customs officer. 

All samples should be mailed to: Dr. Paulyn Cartwright, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, phone: 785/864-4432, fax: 785/864-5860&lt;br&gt; 

=== Taxonomic Scope  ===

All species of scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) plus a broad sampling of cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Expenses  ===

CnidToL will cover moderate costs associated with sampling and shipping specimens. This can include (1) a small pre-payment of up to a few hundred US$$ if funds are needed before sampling and shipping, or (2) reimbursement of costs after sampling and shipping. Payment of costs by CnidToL will require providing a budget (for pre-payments), receipts (for reimbursements), institutional information for transfer of funds, and signing a contract with Kansas University [a formality to ensure everybody's obligations to the project are clear]. For information on pre-payments and reimbursements and the contract, please contact the CnidToL project leader Dr. Paulyn Cartwright pcart@ku.edu&lt;br&gt; 

=== Publications  ===

The arrangement proposed is that each colleague and the relevant medusozoan specialist (e.g. Allen Collins, Mike Dawson, Antonio Marques) will write a manuscript describing the medusae that you contribute to the project. This most likely would take the form of a regional summary of collections or a taxonomic paper on which you would be the lead author and to which we could contribute taxonomic expertise, DNA analyses, some writing and/or figure preparation, editing, etc., as appropriate on a paper-by-paper basis. CnidToL would then also use the sequences and vouchers in analyses of higher-level taxa. Thus, if you make many collections in particular taxonomic groups, we can discuss additional co-authorships on systematic/phylogenetic papers to which those samples contribute significantly. Please feel welcome to discuss this or other appropriate arrangements with each CnidToL specialist with whom you collaborate. 

=== Contact  ===

If you are interested in more information or want to discuss potential collaborations and/or contributions to the project, please contact the most relevant point-person listed below. A general description of the framework for collaborations on medusozoans follows the list of cnidarian personnel. 

'''Actiniarians and nematocysts:''' Meg Daly, daly.66@osu.edu 

'''Culturing new model organisms:''' Neil Blackstone, neilb@niu.edu 

'''Data analyses:''' Dan Janies, janies-1@medctr.osu.edu 

'''Database development:&amp;nbsp;'''Daphne Fautin, fautin@ku.edu 

'''Hydra: '''Daniel Mart’nez, dmartinez@pomona.edu 

'''Hydrozoans: ''' Paulyn Cartwright, pcart@ku.edu 

'''Hexacorals:''' Sandra Romano, sromano@uvi.edu 

'''Medusozoans:''' Allen Collins, CollinsA@si.edu 

'''Molecular marker development:''' Cliff Cunningham, cliff@duke.edu; Bernie Ball, bernie.ball@duke.edu 

'''Octocorals: '''Cathy McFadden, mcfadden@hmc.edu 

'''Scyphozoans: '''Mike Dawson, mdawson@ucmerced.edu 

----

Please ensure that you have all necessary permits for collecting and shipping samples. Please abide by postal regulations (in most cases, mailing very small quantities of ethanol and 4% formalin is OK when packed appropriately). We encourage you to also deposit specimens in 4% formalin with your regional museum. If your collaboration with CnidToL can be used to leverage additional support from your home institution or national funding agencies that will contribute to your own work and to the CnidToL project please contact us for letters of support. 

If you have any questions regarding collaboration on the project or about scyphozoan jellyfishes, please do not hesitate to contact Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. 

''Prepared by P. Cartwright and M. N Dawson'' 

=== Workshop&lt;br&gt; ===

The Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) Workshop on Scyphozoa&lt;br&gt;Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia&lt;br&gt;28th June, 2007&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

'''Program'''

9:30 a.m. - Welcome

9:40 a.m. - Introduction to the CnidToL project

9:50 a.m. - Aquaria, medusae, and polyps (C. Widmer)

10:30 a.m. - Analyses of polyps (G. Jarms)

11:00 a.m. - Morning tea

11:30 a.m. - Morphometrics on medusae (M.N Dawson)

12:00 p.m. - Lunch

1:00 p.m. - Wet lab: Morphometrics on medusae (M.N Dawson)

2:30 p.m. - Molecular phylogenetics (M.N Dawson)

2:50 p.m. - Afternoon tea

3:15 p.m. - Mitochondrial genomics (J.-S. Lee)

4:00 p.m. - Discussion &amp;amp; FAQ

4:30 p.m. - Close&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

== Global Phylogeography  ==

Phylogeny and Biogeography of Scyphozoa and Discomedusae; Michael N Dawson, et al.

=== Outline ===

Until early in this century, Aurelia aurita was considered to be an ecological generalist distributed circumglobally between about 70° N and 50° S. Molecular analyses demonstrated that this was not the case; there are at least 14 species of Aurelia found in different regions of the world, each presumably adapted to local conditions. A similar story can be told about Cyanea capillata, and probably many other widely distributed taxa. The probable preponderance of cryptic species is a problem because we know little about a species unless we know it's boundaries; we cannot know where it's distribution ends, how short or far it disperses, its upper or lower temperature tolerances, how much it eats, what it can eat, it's metabolic rate, grow rate, fecundity, it's ecological impact, whether it blooms, or is invasice, etc. This project - at the nexus of CnidToL and REVSYS - aims to increase our knowledge of species boundaries by sampling many scyphozoan taxa from many locations around the world. The preliminary map of species distributions that results will provide a template for reinterpreting the ecological data that has been collected over many decades on many species in its appropriate taxonomic context. Thus, each person has the potential to know the species they are working with, its true characteristics, and how it differs from other closely (or distantly) related species ... the essence of any comparative biology or study of biodiversity.

=== Methods ===

Target species are listed in the Systematics pages of The Scyphozoan (see especially Coronatae, Rhizostomeae, Semaeostomeae), as are the samples collected to date and their locations. If you can contribute any additional specimens, please contact Mike Dawson (mdawson AT ucmerced DOT edu). The protocol for preservation of samples is a slight modification of the standard protocol for CnidToL, as follows.

Collecting up to 10 specimens using your standard procedure, rinse the bell margin or oral arms that you will sample with clean water. Biopsy a piece of tissue rich in dermis that is about half the size of your small finger-nail. Preserve the tissue in excess 95% ethanol (i.e. about 10 times as much ethanol as tissue) in a screw-cap, o-ring, 2 ml vial. Preserve the remainder of the medusa in 4-7% formalin-in-seawater such that the final concentration of formalin is 2-4%. Store the ethanol+tissue in a freezer until you are ready to send it to CnidToL; allow the specimen in formalin to 'fix' for at least 3-4 weeks before sending to CnidToL. When ready, pack the samples robustly (see shipping) and send them to one of the two following address (Contact Mike to ask which is most appropriate for the specimens in hand).&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;Dr. Paulyn Cartwright,&lt;br&gt;Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,&lt;br&gt;Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave.,&lt;br&gt;University of Kansas, Lawrence,&lt;br&gt;KS 66045, USA

&lt;br&gt;or

&lt;br&gt;Dr. Michael N Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California, Merced&lt;br&gt;P.O. Box 2039&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95344&lt;br&gt;USA



=== Why get involved? ===

In addition to being able to identify which species you are working with, this project offers multiple opportunities for collaboration and co-authorship. A single species might be collected from multiple locations for a regional phylogeographic study (samples from different environments, or on different sides of a supposed biogeographic boundary are particularly interesting), or multiple species might be collected from a single region (for a biodiversity survey), or multiple species might be collected from multiple regions for a biogeographic study. All of these studies might additionally lead to descriptions of new species or other taxonomic revisions.&lt;br&gt;

== &lt;br&gt;Cnidarian Mitogenomics&lt;br&gt; ==

Emphases on Scyphozoa and Discomedusae; Jae-Seong Lee, Michael N Dawson, et al.

=== Outline ===

Comparison of mitochondrial genomes offers one perspective (the whole mitochondrion is typically considered a single genetic 'locus') on the phylogeny of organisms. That perspective is seen with two eyes, one sees the pattern of genome structure, the other the pattern of sequence differences. Our mutual interests in these two aspects led to the initiation of this collaborative project. The goal is to document the changes in genome structure with evolution of Medusozoa and to reconstruct a robust mitochondrial-based hypothesis of phylogeny in Cnidaria, particularly Scyphozoa, with emphasis on Discomedusae (= Semaeostomeae + Rhizostomeae).

=== Methods ===

At this stage, we are gathering tissue samples for sequencing. Target species are listed in the table below. Those without brackets have been collected (and sequenced if bold), those in brackets are required (in some cases other taxa will be used instead), and &quot;??&quot; indicates that any species from that family is acceptable and is still needed. If you can contribute any of these specimens, please contact Mike Dawson (mdawson AT ucmerced DOT edu). The protocol for preservation of samples is a slight modification of the standard protocol for CnidToL, as follows.

After collecting the specimen(s) using your standard procedure, place it (each) in a large bucket of seawater filtered through 20-80 um plankton mesh. Keep the medusa there for 24-36 hours so that it clears its gut of prey, thus removing that potential source of contamination. Then, dissect out tissues rich in dermis (ideally gonad, or gastric tissue, or oral arms if they are not greatly thickened by mesoglea) until you have a quantity about half the size of your small finger. Preserve the tissue in excess 95% ethanol (i.e. about 10 times as much ethanol as tissue). Preserve the remainder of the medusa in 4-7% formalin-in-seawater such that the final concentration of formalin is 2-4%. Store the ethanol+tissue for 3-to-4 weeks in a refrigerator; invert the tube a few times to mix it every other day during the first week, then once or twice per week for the remaining few weeks. Finally, remove most of the liquid, pack the samples robustly (see shipping) and send the samples to the following address.



Dr. Michael N Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California, Merced&lt;br&gt;P.O. Box 2039&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95344&lt;br&gt;USA



We will sequence whole mtDNA and, separately from several specimens, COI and 16S using existing universal primers which we will compare with a broader sampling of taxa (see Global Phylogeography) as an error-checking mechanism to make sure there is no contamination of samples.

=== Why get involved? ===

Due to the highly technical nature of this project, the small number of samples needed (a few individuals of each of the taxa listed in the table ), and the lack of requirement for additional field data, it is unlikely that people who are not involved in the laboratory or phylogenetic analyses can justifiably be authors on publications arising from this project. (But if you have many months to spare to learn sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, it could be a different story.) So, why get involved? The major reason is that sequencing and comparison of this diversity of mitochondrial genomes will make available an off-the-shelf 'toolkit' of molecular markers for answering questions ranging from those about the highest (class) to the finest (population) levels of biological organization for any and all medusozoa. This will be a dramatic advance, allowing convincing statements about very recent events affecting population connectivity, invasive species, genetic diversity of populations, etc., to be made for the first time. Such knowledge is essential to making strong arguments about many other facets of ecology, such as adaption and selection. The easiest way to apply the new markers to the species in which you're interested is to have it's whole mitochondrion sequenced, because then you know exactly which tools to pull out of the toolbox. So, the question, really, is why not get involved?&lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="18747">[[Image:CnidToL logo.jpg|border|right|The Cindarian Tree of Life Project]] 

== Cnidaria ATol  ==

Cnidaria AToL (CnidTol) is a five-year, collaborative project funded by the National Science 

Foundation under the &quot;Assembling the Tree of Life&quot; program. The overall goal of CnidToL is to significantly enhance our understanding of evolution in the Phylum Cnidaria. The CnidToL project will use an integrative, multi-level approach to investigating cnidarian evolution. The CnidToL team is comprised of PIs, co-PIs and contractors from eleven laboratories at nine institutions and also includes multiple international and U.S. collaborators within the cnidarian scientific community. Through a collaborative effort, we will generate extensive molecular and morphological datasets that will be used to reconstruct phylogenetic hypothesis of cnidarian relationships. Molecular data will include mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA plus nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA; we anticipate a total of 10+ molecular markers. One aspect of morphology that will be examined in detail is the diversity of nematocysts (stinging cells); in turn the utility of these anatomical data for phylogenetic analyses will be evaluated. In addition, we will develop laboratory culture conditions for several different cnidarian species representing a broad phylogenetic sampling in an effort to develop new model organisms amenable for future in-depth developmental, life-history, and morphological studies. ([http://cnidarian.info/ See the CnidToL homepage]) 

Training and outreach are important components of the CnidToL project. An online database will include a catalogue of species, bibliography of literature in which they were described, inventory of type specimens, distribution maps, and images (see cnidarian.info). In addition, all of the molecular and morphological datasets generated from this project will be included in the CnidToL database. Undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral training and outreach to K-12 educators will also be a prominent component to this project.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Overview  ===

Over the next 5 years, we aim to gather large amounts of DNA sequence data accompanied by voucher specimens to assemble as robust a phylogeny of the scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) as possible, including understanding the evolution of scyphozoans relative to cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. Important goals of the project are to establish collaborations that will (1) support new international projects, (2) enable the diverse taxonomic sampling essential to success of the project, and (3) develop the robust global community essential for continuing rapid progress during and after the project. 

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

=== Collecting  ===

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species). 

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water. 

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin. 

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name. 

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge. 

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

[http://www2.eve.ucdavis.edu/mndawson/tS/Res/Methods.html Additional instructions for sampling and photographing medusae.] 

=== Sending Samples  ===

Keep the samples for at least a few weeks after collection to ensure they are well preserved. Please send ethanol-preserved samples for DNA analysis separate from formalin-preserved samples for morphological analysis. 

The small vials of 95% ethanol with tissue for DNA analysis can be wrapped in a couple of plastic bags, sealed, put in a padded envelope or box, and mailed safely. 

The specimens in 4% formalin should be placed in small, non-breakable (e.g. plastic bag, or plastic bottle), containers with sufficient space to fit the animal and just enough liquid to stop it getting damaged in transit. Remove all air from the container to minimize damage in transit. Make sure the container is well-sealed, then seal it another 3 times in additional bags. Pack the sample with plenty of cushioning inside a box. 

Include a note in the box stating the point of origin and destination of the package, and a statement that it is a sample for scientific purposes. This will help it pass through customs easily if the package is checked by a customs officer. 

All samples should be mailed to: Dr. Paulyn Cartwright, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, phone: 785/864-4432, fax: 785/864-5860&lt;br&gt; 

=== Taxonomic Scope  ===

All species of scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) plus a broad sampling of cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Expenses  ===

CnidToL will cover moderate costs associated with sampling and shipping specimens. This can include (1) a small pre-payment of up to a few hundred US$$ if funds are needed before sampling and shipping, or (2) reimbursement of costs after sampling and shipping. Payment of costs by CnidToL will require providing a budget (for pre-payments), receipts (for reimbursements), institutional information for transfer of funds, and signing a contract with Kansas University [a formality to ensure everybody's obligations to the project are clear]. For information on pre-payments and reimbursements and the contract, please contact the CnidToL project leader Dr. Paulyn Cartwright pcart@ku.edu&lt;br&gt; 

=== Publications  ===

The arrangement proposed is that each colleague and the relevant medusozoan specialist (e.g. Allen Collins, Mike Dawson, Antonio Marques) will write a manuscript describing the medusae that you contribute to the project. This most likely would take the form of a regional summary of collections or a taxonomic paper on which you would be the lead author and to which we could contribute taxonomic expertise, DNA analyses, some writing and/or figure preparation, editing, etc., as appropriate on a paper-by-paper basis. CnidToL would then also use the sequences and vouchers in analyses of higher-level taxa. Thus, if you make many collections in particular taxonomic groups, we can discuss additional co-authorships on systematic/phylogenetic papers to which those samples contribute significantly. Please feel welcome to discuss this or other appropriate arrangements with each CnidToL specialist with whom you collaborate. 

=== Contact  ===

If you are interested in more information or want to discuss potential collaborations and/or contributions to the project, please contact the most relevant point-person listed below. A general description of the framework for collaborations on medusozoans follows the list of cnidarian personnel. 

'''Actiniarians and nematocysts:''' Meg Daly, daly.66@osu.edu 

'''Culturing new model organisms:''' Neil Blackstone, neilb@niu.edu 

'''Data analyses:''' Dan Janies, janies-1@medctr.osu.edu 

'''Database development:&amp;nbsp;'''Daphne Fautin, fautin@ku.edu 

'''Hydra: '''Daniel Mart’nez, dmartinez@pomona.edu 

'''Hydrozoans: ''' Paulyn Cartwright, pcart@ku.edu 

'''Hexacorals:''' Sandra Romano, sromano@uvi.edu 

'''Medusozoans:''' Allen Collins, CollinsA@si.edu 

'''Molecular marker development:''' Cliff Cunningham, cliff@duke.edu; Bernie Ball, bernie.ball@duke.edu 

'''Octocorals: '''Cathy McFadden, mcfadden@hmc.edu 

'''Scyphozoans: '''Mike Dawson, mdawson@ucmerced.edu 

----

Please ensure that you have all necessary permits for collecting and shipping samples. Please abide by postal regulations (in most cases, mailing very small quantities of ethanol and 4% formalin is OK when packed appropriately). We encourage you to also deposit specimens in 4% formalin with your regional museum. If your collaboration with CnidToL can be used to leverage additional support from your home institution or national funding agencies that will contribute to your own work and to the CnidToL project please contact us for letters of support. 

If you have any questions regarding collaboration on the project or about scyphozoan jellyfishes, please do not hesitate to contact Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. 

''Prepared by P. Cartwright and M. N Dawson'' 

=== Griffith University Workshop[[Image:CnidToLWorkGroup.jpg|thumb|right|Griffith Univeristy Workshop ]]  ===

The Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) Workshop on Scyphozoa&lt;br&gt;Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia&lt;br&gt;28th June, 2007

'''Program''' 

9:30 a.m. - Welcome 

9:40 a.m. - Introduction to the CnidToL project 

9:50 a.m. - Aquaria, medusae, and polyps (C. Widmer) 

10:30 a.m. - Analyses of polyps (G. Jarms) 

11:00 a.m. - Morning tea 

11:30 a.m. - Morphometrics on medusae (M.N Dawson) 

12:00 p.m. - Lunch 

1:00 p.m. - Wet lab: Morphometrics on medusae (M.N Dawson) 

2:30 p.m. - Molecular phylogenetics (M.N Dawson) 

2:50 p.m. - Afternoon tea 

3:15 p.m. - Mitochondrial genomics (J.-S. Lee) 

4:00 p.m. - Discussion &amp;amp; FAQ 

4:30 p.m. - Close&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;

== Global Phylogeography  ==

Phylogeny and Biogeography of Scyphozoa and Discomedusae; Michael N Dawson, et al.

=== Outline ===

Until early in this century, Aurelia aurita was considered to be an ecological generalist distributed circumglobally between about 70° N and 50° S. Molecular analyses demonstrated that this was not the case; there are at least 14 species of Aurelia found in different regions of the world, each presumably adapted to local conditions. A similar story can be told about Cyanea capillata, and probably many other widely distributed taxa. The probable preponderance of cryptic species is a problem because we know little about a species unless we know it's boundaries; we cannot know where it's distribution ends, how short or far it disperses, its upper or lower temperature tolerances, how much it eats, what it can eat, it's metabolic rate, grow rate, fecundity, it's ecological impact, whether it blooms, or is invasice, etc. This project - at the nexus of CnidToL and REVSYS - aims to increase our knowledge of species boundaries by sampling many scyphozoan taxa from many locations around the world. The preliminary map of species distributions that results will provide a template for reinterpreting the ecological data that has been collected over many decades on many species in its appropriate taxonomic context. Thus, each person has the potential to know the species they are working with, its true characteristics, and how it differs from other closely (or distantly) related species ... the essence of any comparative biology or study of biodiversity.

=== Methods ===

Target species are listed in the Systematics pages of The Scyphozoan (see especially Coronatae, Rhizostomeae, Semaeostomeae), as are the samples collected to date and their locations. If you can contribute any additional specimens, please contact Mike Dawson (mdawson AT ucmerced DOT edu). The protocol for preservation of samples is a slight modification of the standard protocol for CnidToL, as follows.

Collecting up to 10 specimens using your standard procedure, rinse the bell margin or oral arms that you will sample with clean water. Biopsy a piece of tissue rich in dermis that is about half the size of your small finger-nail. Preserve the tissue in excess 95% ethanol (i.e. about 10 times as much ethanol as tissue) in a screw-cap, o-ring, 2 ml vial. Preserve the remainder of the medusa in 4-7% formalin-in-seawater such that the final concentration of formalin is 2-4%. Store the ethanol+tissue in a freezer until you are ready to send it to CnidToL; allow the specimen in formalin to 'fix' for at least 3-4 weeks before sending to CnidToL. When ready, pack the samples robustly (see shipping) and send them to one of the two following address (Contact Mike to ask which is most appropriate for the specimens in hand).&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;Dr. Paulyn Cartwright,&lt;br&gt;Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,&lt;br&gt;Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave.,&lt;br&gt;University of Kansas, Lawrence,&lt;br&gt;KS 66045, USA

&lt;br&gt;or

&lt;br&gt;Dr. Michael N Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California, Merced&lt;br&gt;P.O. Box 2039&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95344&lt;br&gt;USA



=== Why get involved? ===

In addition to being able to identify which species you are working with, this project offers multiple opportunities for collaboration and co-authorship. A single species might be collected from multiple locations for a regional phylogeographic study (samples from different environments, or on different sides of a supposed biogeographic boundary are particularly interesting), or multiple species might be collected from a single region (for a biodiversity survey), or multiple species might be collected from multiple regions for a biogeographic study. All of these studies might additionally lead to descriptions of new species or other taxonomic revisions.&lt;br&gt;

== &lt;br&gt;Cnidarian Mitogenomics&lt;br&gt; ==

Emphases on Scyphozoa and Discomedusae; Jae-Seong Lee, Michael N Dawson, et al.

=== Outline ===

Comparison of mitochondrial genomes offers one perspective (the whole mitochondrion is typically considered a single genetic 'locus') on the phylogeny of organisms. That perspective is seen with two eyes, one sees the pattern of genome structure, the other the pattern of sequence differences. Our mutual interests in these two aspects led to the initiation of this collaborative project. The goal is to document the changes in genome structure with evolution of Medusozoa and to reconstruct a robust mitochondrial-based hypothesis of phylogeny in Cnidaria, particularly Scyphozoa, with emphasis on Discomedusae (= Semaeostomeae + Rhizostomeae).

=== Methods ===

At this stage, we are gathering tissue samples for sequencing. Target species are listed in the table below. Those without brackets have been collected (and sequenced if bold), those in brackets are required (in some cases other taxa will be used instead), and &quot;??&quot; indicates that any species from that family is acceptable and is still needed. If you can contribute any of these specimens, please contact Mike Dawson (mdawson AT ucmerced DOT edu). The protocol for preservation of samples is a slight modification of the standard protocol for CnidToL, as follows.

After collecting the specimen(s) using your standard procedure, place it (each) in a large bucket of seawater filtered through 20-80 um plankton mesh. Keep the medusa there for 24-36 hours so that it clears its gut of prey, thus removing that potential source of contamination. Then, dissect out tissues rich in dermis (ideally gonad, or gastric tissue, or oral arms if they are not greatly thickened by mesoglea) until you have a quantity about half the size of your small finger. Preserve the tissue in excess 95% ethanol (i.e. about 10 times as much ethanol as tissue). Preserve the remainder of the medusa in 4-7% formalin-in-seawater such that the final concentration of formalin is 2-4%. Store the ethanol+tissue for 3-to-4 weeks in a refrigerator; invert the tube a few times to mix it every other day during the first week, then once or twice per week for the remaining few weeks. Finally, remove most of the liquid, pack the samples robustly (see shipping) and send the samples to the following address.



Dr. Michael N Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California, Merced&lt;br&gt;P.O. Box 2039&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95344&lt;br&gt;USA



We will sequence whole mtDNA and, separately from several specimens, COI and 16S using existing universal primers which we will compare with a broader sampling of taxa (see Global Phylogeography) as an error-checking mechanism to make sure there is no contamination of samples.

=== Why get involved? ===

Due to the highly technical nature of this project, the small number of samples needed (a few individuals of each of the taxa listed in the table ), and the lack of requirement for additional field data, it is unlikely that people who are not involved in the laboratory or phylogenetic analyses can justifiably be authors on publications arising from this project. (But if you have many months to spare to learn sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, it could be a different story.) So, why get involved? The major reason is that sequencing and comparison of this diversity of mitochondrial genomes will make available an off-the-shelf 'toolkit' of molecular markers for answering questions ranging from those about the highest (class) to the finest (population) levels of biological organization for any and all medusozoa. This will be a dramatic advance, allowing convincing statements about very recent events affecting population connectivity, invasive species, genetic diversity of populations, etc., to be made for the first time. Such knowledge is essential to making strong arguments about many other facets of ecology, such as adaption and selection. The easiest way to apply the new markers to the species in which you're interested is to have it's whole mitochondrion sequenced, because then you know exactly which tools to pull out of the toolbox. So, the question, really, is why not get involved?&lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="18766">[[Image:CnidToL logo.jpg|border|right|The Cindarian Tree of Life Project]] 

== Cnidaria ATol  ==

Cnidaria AToL (CnidTol) is a five-year, collaborative project funded by the National Science 

Foundation under the &quot;Assembling the Tree of Life&quot; program. The overall goal of CnidToL is to significantly enhance our understanding of evolution in the Phylum Cnidaria. The CnidToL project will use an integrative, multi-level approach to investigating cnidarian evolution. The CnidToL team is comprised of PIs, co-PIs and contractors from eleven laboratories at nine institutions and also includes multiple international and U.S. collaborators within the cnidarian scientific community. Through a collaborative effort, we will generate extensive molecular and morphological datasets that will be used to reconstruct phylogenetic hypothesis of cnidarian relationships. Molecular data will include mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA plus nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA; we anticipate a total of 10+ molecular markers. One aspect of morphology that will be examined in detail is the diversity of nematocysts (stinging cells); in turn the utility of these anatomical data for phylogenetic analyses will be evaluated. In addition, we will develop laboratory culture conditions for several different cnidarian species representing a broad phylogenetic sampling in an effort to develop new model organisms amenable for future in-depth developmental, life-history, and morphological studies. ([http://cnidarian.info/ See the CnidToL homepage]) 

Training and outreach are important components of the CnidToL project. An online database will include a catalogue of species, bibliography of literature in which they were described, inventory of type specimens, distribution maps, and images (see cnidarian.info). In addition, all of the molecular and morphological datasets generated from this project will be included in the CnidToL database. Undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral training and outreach to K-12 educators will also be a prominent component to this project.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Overview  ===

Over the next 5 years, we aim to gather large amounts of DNA sequence data accompanied by voucher specimens to assemble as robust a phylogeny of the scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) as possible, including understanding the evolution of scyphozoans relative to cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. Important goals of the project are to establish collaborations that will (1) support new international projects, (2) enable the diverse taxonomic sampling essential to success of the project, and (3) develop the robust global community essential for continuing rapid progress during and after the project. 

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

=== Collecting  ===

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species). 

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water. 

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin. 

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name. 

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge. 

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

[http://www2.eve.ucdavis.edu/mndawson/tS/Res/Methods.html Additional instructions for sampling and photographing medusae.] 

=== Sending Samples  ===

Keep the samples for at least a few weeks after collection to ensure they are well preserved. Please send ethanol-preserved samples for DNA analysis separate from formalin-preserved samples for morphological analysis. 

The small vials of 95% ethanol with tissue for DNA analysis can be wrapped in a couple of plastic bags, sealed, put in a padded envelope or box, and mailed safely. 

The specimens in 4% formalin should be placed in small, non-breakable (e.g. plastic bag, or plastic bottle), containers with sufficient space to fit the animal and just enough liquid to stop it getting damaged in transit. Remove all air from the container to minimize damage in transit. Make sure the container is well-sealed, then seal it another 3 times in additional bags. Pack the sample with plenty of cushioning inside a box. 

Include a note in the box stating the point of origin and destination of the package, and a statement that it is a sample for scientific purposes. This will help it pass through customs easily if the package is checked by a customs officer. 

All samples should be mailed to: Dr. Paulyn Cartwright, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, phone: 785/864-4432, fax: 785/864-5860&lt;br&gt; 

=== Taxonomic Scope  ===

All species of scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) plus a broad sampling of cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Expenses  ===

CnidToL will cover moderate costs associated with sampling and shipping specimens. This can include (1) a small pre-payment of up to a few hundred US$$ if funds are needed before sampling and shipping, or (2) reimbursement of costs after sampling and shipping. Payment of costs by CnidToL will require providing a budget (for pre-payments), receipts (for reimbursements), institutional information for transfer of funds, and signing a contract with Kansas University [a formality to ensure everybody's obligations to the project are clear]. For information on pre-payments and reimbursements and the contract, please contact the CnidToL project leader Dr. Paulyn Cartwright pcart@ku.edu&lt;br&gt; 

=== Publications  ===

The arrangement proposed is that each colleague and the relevant medusozoan specialist (e.g. Allen Collins, Mike Dawson, Antonio Marques) will write a manuscript describing the medusae that you contribute to the project. This most likely would take the form of a regional summary of collections or a taxonomic paper on which you would be the lead author and to which we could contribute taxonomic expertise, DNA analyses, some writing and/or figure preparation, editing, etc., as appropriate on a paper-by-paper basis. CnidToL would then also use the sequences and vouchers in analyses of higher-level taxa. Thus, if you make many collections in particular taxonomic groups, we can discuss additional co-authorships on systematic/phylogenetic papers to which those samples contribute significantly. Please feel welcome to discuss this or other appropriate arrangements with each CnidToL specialist with whom you collaborate. 

=== Contact  ===

If you are interested in more information or want to discuss potential collaborations and/or contributions to the project, please contact the most relevant point-person listed below. A general description of the framework for collaborations on medusozoans follows the list of cnidarian personnel. 

'''Actiniarians and nematocysts:''' Meg Daly, daly.66@osu.edu 

'''Culturing new model organisms:''' Neil Blackstone, neilb@niu.edu 

'''Data analyses:''' Dan Janies, janies-1@medctr.osu.edu 

'''Database development:&amp;nbsp;'''Daphne Fautin, fautin@ku.edu 

'''Hydra: '''Daniel Mart’nez, dmartinez@pomona.edu 

'''Hydrozoans: ''' Paulyn Cartwright, pcart@ku.edu 

'''Hexacorals:''' Sandra Romano, sromano@uvi.edu 

'''Medusozoans:''' Allen Collins, CollinsA@si.edu 

'''Molecular marker development:''' Cliff Cunningham, cliff@duke.edu; Bernie Ball, bernie.ball@duke.edu 

'''Octocorals: '''Cathy McFadden, mcfadden@hmc.edu 

'''Scyphozoans: '''Mike Dawson, mdawson@ucmerced.edu 

----

Please ensure that you have all necessary permits for collecting and shipping samples. Please abide by postal regulations (in most cases, mailing very small quantities of ethanol and 4% formalin is OK when packed appropriately). We encourage you to also deposit specimens in 4% formalin with your regional museum. If your collaboration with CnidToL can be used to leverage additional support from your home institution or national funding agencies that will contribute to your own work and to the CnidToL project please contact us for letters of support. 

If you have any questions regarding collaboration on the project or about scyphozoan jellyfishes, please do not hesitate to contact Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. 

''Prepared by P. Cartwright and M. N Dawson'' 

=== Griffith University Workshop[[Image:CnidToLWorkGroup.jpg|thumb|right|Griffith Univeristy Workshop ]]  ===

The Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) Workshop on Scyphozoa&lt;br&gt;Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia&lt;br&gt;28th June, 2007

'''Program''' 

9:30 a.m. - Welcome 

9:40 a.m. - Introduction to the CnidToL project 

9:50 a.m. - Aquaria, medusae, and polyps (C. Widmer) 

10:30 a.m. - Analyses of polyps (G. Jarms) 

11:00 a.m. - Morning tea 

11:30 a.m. - Morphometrics on medusae (M.N Dawson) 

12:00 p.m. - Lunch 

1:00 p.m. - Wet lab: Morphometrics on medusae (M.N Dawson) 

2:30 p.m. - Molecular phylogenetics (M.N Dawson) 

2:50 p.m. - Afternoon tea 

3:15 p.m. - Mitochondrial genomics (J.-S. Lee) 

4:00 p.m. - Discussion &amp;amp; FAQ 

4:30 p.m. - Close&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;

== Global Phylogeography  ==

Phylogeny and Biogeography of Scyphozoa and Discomedusae; Michael N Dawson, et al.

=== Outline ===

Until early in this century, Aurelia aurita was considered to be an ecological generalist distributed circumglobally between about 70° N and 50° S. Molecular analyses demonstrated that this was not the case; there are at least 14 species of Aurelia found in different regions of the world, each presumably adapted to local conditions. A similar story can be told about Cyanea capillata, and probably many other widely distributed taxa. The probable preponderance of cryptic species is a problem because we know little about a species unless we know it's boundaries; we cannot know where it's distribution ends, how short or far it disperses, its upper or lower temperature tolerances, how much it eats, what it can eat, it's metabolic rate, grow rate, fecundity, it's ecological impact, whether it blooms, or is invasice, etc. This project - at the nexus of CnidToL and REVSYS - aims to increase our knowledge of species boundaries by sampling many scyphozoan taxa from many locations around the world. The preliminary map of species distributions that results will provide a template for reinterpreting the ecological data that has been collected over many decades on many species in its appropriate taxonomic context. Thus, each person has the potential to know the species they are working with, its true characteristics, and how it differs from other closely (or distantly) related species ... the essence of any comparative biology or study of biodiversity.

=== Methods  ===

Target species are listed in the Systematics pages of The Scyphozoan (see especially [[Coronatae]], [[Rhizostomeae]], [[Semaeostomeae]]), as are the samples collected to date and their locations. If you can contribute any additional specimens, please contact Mike Dawson (mdawson AT ucmerced DOT edu). The protocol for preservation of samples is a slight modification of the standard protocol for CnidToL, as follows. 

Collecting up to 10 specimens using your standard procedure, rinse the bell margin or oral arms that you will sample with clean water. Biopsy a piece of tissue rich in dermis that is about half the size of your small finger-nail. Preserve the tissue in excess 95% ethanol (i.e. about 10 times as much ethanol as tissue) in a screw-cap, o-ring, 2 ml vial. Preserve the remainder of the medusa in 4-7% formalin-in-seawater such that the final concentration of formalin is 2-4%. Store the ethanol+tissue in a freezer until you are ready to send it to CnidToL; allow the specimen in formalin to 'fix' for at least 3-4 weeks before sending to CnidToL. When ready, pack the samples robustly ([[see shipping]]) and send them to one of the two following address (Contact Mike to ask which is most appropriate for the specimens in hand).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Dr. Paulyn Cartwright,&lt;br&gt;Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,&lt;br&gt;Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave.,&lt;br&gt;University of Kansas, Lawrence,&lt;br&gt;KS 66045, USA 

&lt;br&gt;or 

&lt;br&gt;Dr. Michael N Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California, Merced&lt;br&gt;P.O. Box 2039&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95344&lt;br&gt;USA

=== Why get involved? ===

In addition to being able to identify which species you are working with, this project offers multiple opportunities for collaboration and co-authorship. A single species might be collected from multiple locations for a regional phylogeographic study (samples from different environments, or on different sides of a supposed biogeographic boundary are particularly interesting), or multiple species might be collected from a single region (for a biodiversity survey), or multiple species might be collected from multiple regions for a biogeographic study. All of these studies might additionally lead to descriptions of new species or other taxonomic revisions.&lt;br&gt;

== &lt;br&gt;Cnidarian Mitogenomics&lt;br&gt; ==

Emphases on Scyphozoa and Discomedusae; Jae-Seong Lee, Michael N Dawson, et al.

=== Outline ===

Comparison of mitochondrial genomes offers one perspective (the whole mitochondrion is typically considered a single genetic 'locus') on the phylogeny of organisms. That perspective is seen with two eyes, one sees the pattern of genome structure, the other the pattern of sequence differences. Our mutual interests in these two aspects led to the initiation of this collaborative project. The goal is to document the changes in genome structure with evolution of Medusozoa and to reconstruct a robust mitochondrial-based hypothesis of phylogeny in Cnidaria, particularly Scyphozoa, with emphasis on Discomedusae (= Semaeostomeae + Rhizostomeae).

=== Methods ===

At this stage, we are gathering tissue samples for sequencing. Target species are listed in the table below. Those without brackets have been collected (and sequenced if bold), those in brackets are required (in some cases other taxa will be used instead), and &quot;??&quot; indicates that any species from that family is acceptable and is still needed. If you can contribute any of these specimens, please contact Mike Dawson (mdawson AT ucmerced DOT edu). The protocol for preservation of samples is a slight modification of the standard protocol for CnidToL, as follows.

After collecting the specimen(s) using your standard procedure, place it (each) in a large bucket of seawater filtered through 20-80 um plankton mesh. Keep the medusa there for 24-36 hours so that it clears its gut of prey, thus removing that potential source of contamination. Then, dissect out tissues rich in dermis (ideally gonad, or gastric tissue, or oral arms if they are not greatly thickened by mesoglea) until you have a quantity about half the size of your small finger. Preserve the tissue in excess 95% ethanol (i.e. about 10 times as much ethanol as tissue). Preserve the remainder of the medusa in 4-7% formalin-in-seawater such that the final concentration of formalin is 2-4%. Store the ethanol+tissue for 3-to-4 weeks in a refrigerator; invert the tube a few times to mix it every other day during the first week, then once or twice per week for the remaining few weeks. Finally, remove most of the liquid, pack the samples robustly (see shipping) and send the samples to the following address.



Dr. Michael N Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California, Merced&lt;br&gt;P.O. Box 2039&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95344&lt;br&gt;USA



We will sequence whole mtDNA and, separately from several specimens, COI and 16S using existing universal primers which we will compare with a broader sampling of taxa (see Global Phylogeography) as an error-checking mechanism to make sure there is no contamination of samples.

=== Why get involved? ===

Due to the highly technical nature of this project, the small number of samples needed (a few individuals of each of the taxa listed in the table ), and the lack of requirement for additional field data, it is unlikely that people who are not involved in the laboratory or phylogenetic analyses can justifiably be authors on publications arising from this project. (But if you have many months to spare to learn sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, it could be a different story.) So, why get involved? The major reason is that sequencing and comparison of this diversity of mitochondrial genomes will make available an off-the-shelf 'toolkit' of molecular markers for answering questions ranging from those about the highest (class) to the finest (population) levels of biological organization for any and all medusozoa. This will be a dramatic advance, allowing convincing statements about very recent events affecting population connectivity, invasive species, genetic diversity of populations, etc., to be made for the first time. Such knowledge is essential to making strong arguments about many other facets of ecology, such as adaption and selection. The easiest way to apply the new markers to the species in which you're interested is to have it's whole mitochondrion sequenced, because then you know exactly which tools to pull out of the toolbox. So, the question, really, is why not get involved?&lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="18786">[[Image:CnidToL logo.jpg|border|right|The Cindarian Tree of Life Project]] 

== Cnidaria ATol  ==

Cnidaria AToL (CnidTol) is a five-year, collaborative project funded by the National Science 

Foundation under the &quot;Assembling the Tree of Life&quot; program. The overall goal of CnidToL is to significantly enhance our understanding of evolution in the Phylum Cnidaria. The CnidToL project will use an integrative, multi-level approach to investigating cnidarian evolution. The CnidToL team is comprised of PIs, co-PIs and contractors from eleven laboratories at nine institutions and also includes multiple international and U.S. collaborators within the cnidarian scientific community. Through a collaborative effort, we will generate extensive molecular and morphological datasets that will be used to reconstruct phylogenetic hypothesis of cnidarian relationships. Molecular data will include mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA plus nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA; we anticipate a total of 10+ molecular markers. One aspect of morphology that will be examined in detail is the diversity of nematocysts (stinging cells); in turn the utility of these anatomical data for phylogenetic analyses will be evaluated. In addition, we will develop laboratory culture conditions for several different cnidarian species representing a broad phylogenetic sampling in an effort to develop new model organisms amenable for future in-depth developmental, life-history, and morphological studies. ([http://cnidarian.info/ See the CnidToL homepage]) 

Training and outreach are important components of the CnidToL project. An online database will include a catalogue of species, bibliography of literature in which they were described, inventory of type specimens, distribution maps, and images (see cnidarian.info). In addition, all of the molecular and morphological datasets generated from this project will be included in the CnidToL database. Undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral training and outreach to K-12 educators will also be a prominent component to this project.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Overview  ===

Over the next 5 years, we aim to gather large amounts of DNA sequence data accompanied by voucher specimens to assemble as robust a phylogeny of the scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) as possible, including understanding the evolution of scyphozoans relative to cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. Important goals of the project are to establish collaborations that will (1) support new international projects, (2) enable the diverse taxonomic sampling essential to success of the project, and (3) develop the robust global community essential for continuing rapid progress during and after the project. 

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

=== Collecting  ===

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species). 

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water. 

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin. 

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name. 

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge. 

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

[http://www2.eve.ucdavis.edu/mndawson/tS/Res/Methods.html Additional instructions for sampling and photographing medusae.] 

=== Sending Samples  ===

Keep the samples for at least a few weeks after collection to ensure they are well preserved. Please send ethanol-preserved samples for DNA analysis separate from formalin-preserved samples for morphological analysis. 

The small vials of 95% ethanol with tissue for DNA analysis can be wrapped in a couple of plastic bags, sealed, put in a padded envelope or box, and mailed safely. 

The specimens in 4% formalin should be placed in small, non-breakable (e.g. plastic bag, or plastic bottle), containers with sufficient space to fit the animal and just enough liquid to stop it getting damaged in transit. Remove all air from the container to minimize damage in transit. Make sure the container is well-sealed, then seal it another 3 times in additional bags. Pack the sample with plenty of cushioning inside a box. 

Include a note in the box stating the point of origin and destination of the package, and a statement that it is a sample for scientific purposes. This will help it pass through customs easily if the package is checked by a customs officer. 

All samples should be mailed to: Dr. Paulyn Cartwright, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, phone: 785/864-4432, fax: 785/864-5860&lt;br&gt; 

=== Taxonomic Scope  ===

All species of scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) plus a broad sampling of cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Expenses  ===

CnidToL will cover moderate costs associated with sampling and shipping specimens. This can include (1) a small pre-payment of up to a few hundred US$$ if funds are needed before sampling and shipping, or (2) reimbursement of costs after sampling and shipping. Payment of costs by CnidToL will require providing a budget (for pre-payments), receipts (for reimbursements), institutional information for transfer of funds, and signing a contract with Kansas University [a formality to ensure everybody's obligations to the project are clear]. For information on pre-payments and reimbursements and the contract, please contact the CnidToL project leader Dr. Paulyn Cartwright pcart@ku.edu&lt;br&gt; 

=== Publications  ===

The arrangement proposed is that each colleague and the relevant medusozoan specialist (e.g. Allen Collins, Mike Dawson, Antonio Marques) will write a manuscript describing the medusae that you contribute to the project. This most likely would take the form of a regional summary of collections or a taxonomic paper on which you would be the lead author and to which we could contribute taxonomic expertise, DNA analyses, some writing and/or figure preparation, editing, etc., as appropriate on a paper-by-paper basis. CnidToL would then also use the sequences and vouchers in analyses of higher-level taxa. Thus, if you make many collections in particular taxonomic groups, we can discuss additional co-authorships on systematic/phylogenetic papers to which those samples contribute significantly. Please feel welcome to discuss this or other appropriate arrangements with each CnidToL specialist with whom you collaborate. 

=== Contact  ===

If you are interested in more information or want to discuss potential collaborations and/or contributions to the project, please contact the most relevant point-person listed below. A general description of the framework for collaborations on medusozoans follows the list of cnidarian personnel. 

'''Actiniarians and nematocysts:''' Meg Daly, daly.66@osu.edu 

'''Culturing new model organisms:''' Neil Blackstone, neilb@niu.edu 

'''Data analyses:''' Dan Janies, janies-1@medctr.osu.edu 

'''Database development:&amp;nbsp;'''Daphne Fautin, fautin@ku.edu 

'''Hydra: '''Daniel Mart’nez, dmartinez@pomona.edu 

'''Hydrozoans: ''' Paulyn Cartwright, pcart@ku.edu 

'''Hexacorals:''' Sandra Romano, sromano@uvi.edu 

'''Medusozoans:''' Allen Collins, CollinsA@si.edu 

'''Molecular marker development:''' Cliff Cunningham, cliff@duke.edu; Bernie Ball, bernie.ball@duke.edu 

'''Octocorals: '''Cathy McFadden, mcfadden@hmc.edu 

'''Scyphozoans: '''Mike Dawson, mdawson@ucmerced.edu 

----

Please ensure that you have all necessary permits for collecting and shipping samples. Please abide by postal regulations (in most cases, mailing very small quantities of ethanol and 4% formalin is OK when packed appropriately). We encourage you to also deposit specimens in 4% formalin with your regional museum. If your collaboration with CnidToL can be used to leverage additional support from your home institution or national funding agencies that will contribute to your own work and to the CnidToL project please contact us for letters of support. 

If you have any questions regarding collaboration on the project or about scyphozoan jellyfishes, please do not hesitate to contact Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. 

''Prepared by P. Cartwright and M. N Dawson'' 

=== Griffith University Workshop[[Image:CnidToLWorkGroup.jpg|thumb|right|Griffith Univeristy Workshop ]]  ===

The Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) Workshop on Scyphozoa&lt;br&gt;Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia&lt;br&gt;28th June, 2007

'''Program''' 

9:30 a.m. - Welcome 

9:40 a.m. - Introduction to the CnidToL project 

9:50 a.m. - Aquaria, medusae, and polyps (C. Widmer) 

10:30 a.m. - Analyses of polyps (G. Jarms) 

11:00 a.m. - Morning tea 

11:30 a.m. - Morphometrics on medusae (M.N Dawson) 

12:00 p.m. - Lunch 

1:00 p.m. - Wet lab: Morphometrics on medusae (M.N Dawson) 

2:30 p.m. - Molecular phylogenetics (M.N Dawson) 

2:50 p.m. - Afternoon tea 

3:15 p.m. - Mitochondrial genomics (J.-S. Lee) 

4:00 p.m. - Discussion &amp;amp; FAQ 

4:30 p.m. - Close&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;

== Global Phylogeography  ==

Phylogeny and Biogeography of Scyphozoa and Discomedusae; Michael N Dawson, et al.

=== Outline ===

Until early in this century, Aurelia aurita was considered to be an ecological generalist distributed circumglobally between about 70° N and 50° S. Molecular analyses demonstrated that this was not the case; there are at least 14 species of Aurelia found in different regions of the world, each presumably adapted to local conditions. A similar story can be told about Cyanea capillata, and probably many other widely distributed taxa. The probable preponderance of cryptic species is a problem because we know little about a species unless we know it's boundaries; we cannot know where it's distribution ends, how short or far it disperses, its upper or lower temperature tolerances, how much it eats, what it can eat, it's metabolic rate, grow rate, fecundity, it's ecological impact, whether it blooms, or is invasice, etc. This project - at the nexus of CnidToL and REVSYS - aims to increase our knowledge of species boundaries by sampling many scyphozoan taxa from many locations around the world. The preliminary map of species distributions that results will provide a template for reinterpreting the ecological data that has been collected over many decades on many species in its appropriate taxonomic context. Thus, each person has the potential to know the species they are working with, its true characteristics, and how it differs from other closely (or distantly) related species ... the essence of any comparative biology or study of biodiversity.

=== Methods  ===

Target species are listed in the Systematics pages of The Scyphozoan (see especially [[Coronatae]], [[Rhizostomeae]], [[Semaeostomeae]]), as are the samples collected to date and their locations. If you can contribute any additional specimens, please contact Mike Dawson (mdawson AT ucmerced DOT edu). The protocol for preservation of samples is a slight modification of the standard protocol for CnidToL, as follows. 

Collecting up to 10 specimens using your standard procedure, rinse the bell margin or oral arms that you will sample with clean water. Biopsy a piece of tissue rich in dermis that is about half the size of your small finger-nail. Preserve the tissue in excess 95% ethanol (i.e. about 10 times as much ethanol as tissue) in a screw-cap, o-ring, 2 ml vial. Preserve the remainder of the medusa in 4-7% formalin-in-seawater such that the final concentration of formalin is 2-4%. Store the ethanol+tissue in a freezer until you are ready to send it to CnidToL; allow the specimen in formalin to 'fix' for at least 3-4 weeks before sending to CnidToL. When ready, pack the samples robustly ([[shipping information and details]]) and send them to one of the two following address (Contact Mike to ask which is most appropriate for the specimens in hand).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Dr. Paulyn Cartwright,&lt;br&gt;Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,&lt;br&gt;Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave.,&lt;br&gt;University of Kansas, Lawrence,&lt;br&gt;KS 66045, USA 

&lt;br&gt;or 

&lt;br&gt;Dr. Michael N Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California, Merced&lt;br&gt;P.O. Box 2039&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95344&lt;br&gt;USA

=== Why get involved? ===

In addition to being able to identify which species you are working with, this project offers multiple opportunities for collaboration and co-authorship. A single species might be collected from multiple locations for a regional phylogeographic study (samples from different environments, or on different sides of a supposed biogeographic boundary are particularly interesting), or multiple species might be collected from a single region (for a biodiversity survey), or multiple species might be collected from multiple regions for a biogeographic study. All of these studies might additionally lead to descriptions of new species or other taxonomic revisions.&lt;br&gt;

== &lt;br&gt;Cnidarian Mitogenomics&lt;br&gt; ==

Emphases on Scyphozoa and Discomedusae; Jae-Seong Lee, Michael N Dawson, et al.

=== Outline ===

Comparison of mitochondrial genomes offers one perspective (the whole mitochondrion is typically considered a single genetic 'locus') on the phylogeny of organisms. That perspective is seen with two eyes, one sees the pattern of genome structure, the other the pattern of sequence differences. Our mutual interests in these two aspects led to the initiation of this collaborative project. The goal is to document the changes in genome structure with evolution of Medusozoa and to reconstruct a robust mitochondrial-based hypothesis of phylogeny in Cnidaria, particularly Scyphozoa, with emphasis on Discomedusae (= Semaeostomeae + Rhizostomeae).

=== Methods ===

At this stage, we are gathering tissue samples for sequencing. Target species are listed in the table below. Those without brackets have been collected (and sequenced if bold), those in brackets are required (in some cases other taxa will be used instead), and &quot;??&quot; indicates that any species from that family is acceptable and is still needed. If you can contribute any of these specimens, please contact Mike Dawson (mdawson AT ucmerced DOT edu). The protocol for preservation of samples is a slight modification of the standard protocol for CnidToL, as follows.

After collecting the specimen(s) using your standard procedure, place it (each) in a large bucket of seawater filtered through 20-80 um plankton mesh. Keep the medusa there for 24-36 hours so that it clears its gut of prey, thus removing that potential source of contamination. Then, dissect out tissues rich in dermis (ideally gonad, or gastric tissue, or oral arms if they are not greatly thickened by mesoglea) until you have a quantity about half the size of your small finger. Preserve the tissue in excess 95% ethanol (i.e. about 10 times as much ethanol as tissue). Preserve the remainder of the medusa in 4-7% formalin-in-seawater such that the final concentration of formalin is 2-4%. Store the ethanol+tissue for 3-to-4 weeks in a refrigerator; invert the tube a few times to mix it every other day during the first week, then once or twice per week for the remaining few weeks. Finally, remove most of the liquid, pack the samples robustly (see shipping) and send the samples to the following address.



Dr. Michael N Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California, Merced&lt;br&gt;P.O. Box 2039&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95344&lt;br&gt;USA



We will sequence whole mtDNA and, separately from several specimens, COI and 16S using existing universal primers which we will compare with a broader sampling of taxa (see Global Phylogeography) as an error-checking mechanism to make sure there is no contamination of samples.

=== Why get involved? ===

Due to the highly technical nature of this project, the small number of samples needed (a few individuals of each of the taxa listed in the table ), and the lack of requirement for additional field data, it is unlikely that people who are not involved in the laboratory or phylogenetic analyses can justifiably be authors on publications arising from this project. (But if you have many months to spare to learn sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, it could be a different story.) So, why get involved? The major reason is that sequencing and comparison of this diversity of mitochondrial genomes will make available an off-the-shelf 'toolkit' of molecular markers for answering questions ranging from those about the highest (class) to the finest (population) levels of biological organization for any and all medusozoa. This will be a dramatic advance, allowing convincing statements about very recent events affecting population connectivity, invasive species, genetic diversity of populations, etc., to be made for the first time. Such knowledge is essential to making strong arguments about many other facets of ecology, such as adaption and selection. The easiest way to apply the new markers to the species in which you're interested is to have it's whole mitochondrion sequenced, because then you know exactly which tools to pull out of the toolbox. So, the question, really, is why not get involved?&lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <comment>/* Methods */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="18776">[[Image:CnidToL logo.jpg|border|right|The Cindarian Tree of Life Project]] 

== Cnidaria ATol  ==

Cnidaria AToL (CnidTol) is a five-year, collaborative project funded by the National Science 

Foundation under the &quot;Assembling the Tree of Life&quot; program. The overall goal of CnidToL is to significantly enhance our understanding of evolution in the Phylum Cnidaria. The CnidToL project will use an integrative, multi-level approach to investigating cnidarian evolution. The CnidToL team is comprised of PIs, co-PIs and contractors from eleven laboratories at nine institutions and also includes multiple international and U.S. collaborators within the cnidarian scientific community. Through a collaborative effort, we will generate extensive molecular and morphological datasets that will be used to reconstruct phylogenetic hypothesis of cnidarian relationships. Molecular data will include mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA plus nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA; we anticipate a total of 10+ molecular markers. One aspect of morphology that will be examined in detail is the diversity of nematocysts (stinging cells); in turn the utility of these anatomical data for phylogenetic analyses will be evaluated. In addition, we will develop laboratory culture conditions for several different cnidarian species representing a broad phylogenetic sampling in an effort to develop new model organisms amenable for future in-depth developmental, life-history, and morphological studies. ([http://cnidarian.info/ See the CnidToL homepage]) 

Training and outreach are important components of the CnidToL project. An online database will include a catalogue of species, bibliography of literature in which they were described, inventory of type specimens, distribution maps, and images (see cnidarian.info). In addition, all of the molecular and morphological datasets generated from this project will be included in the CnidToL database. Undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral training and outreach to K-12 educators will also be a prominent component to this project.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Overview  ===

Over the next 5 years, we aim to gather large amounts of DNA sequence data accompanied by voucher specimens to assemble as robust a phylogeny of the scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) as possible, including understanding the evolution of scyphozoans relative to cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. Important goals of the project are to establish collaborations that will (1) support new international projects, (2) enable the diverse taxonomic sampling essential to success of the project, and (3) develop the robust global community essential for continuing rapid progress during and after the project. 

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

=== Collecting  ===

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species). 

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water. 

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin. 

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name. 

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge. 

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

[http://www2.eve.ucdavis.edu/mndawson/tS/Res/Methods.html Additional instructions for sampling and photographing medusae.] 

=== Sending Samples  ===

Keep the samples for at least a few weeks after collection to ensure they are well preserved. Please send ethanol-preserved samples for DNA analysis separate from formalin-preserved samples for morphological analysis. 

The small vials of 95% ethanol with tissue for DNA analysis can be wrapped in a couple of plastic bags, sealed, put in a padded envelope or box, and mailed safely. 

The specimens in 4% formalin should be placed in small, non-breakable (e.g. plastic bag, or plastic bottle), containers with sufficient space to fit the animal and just enough liquid to stop it getting damaged in transit. Remove all air from the container to minimize damage in transit. Make sure the container is well-sealed, then seal it another 3 times in additional bags. Pack the sample with plenty of cushioning inside a box. 

Include a note in the box stating the point of origin and destination of the package, and a statement that it is a sample for scientific purposes. This will help it pass through customs easily if the package is checked by a customs officer. 

All samples should be mailed to: Dr. Paulyn Cartwright, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, phone: 785/864-4432, fax: 785/864-5860&lt;br&gt; 

=== Taxonomic Scope  ===

All species of scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) plus a broad sampling of cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Expenses  ===

CnidToL will cover moderate costs associated with sampling and shipping specimens. This can include (1) a small pre-payment of up to a few hundred US$$ if funds are needed before sampling and shipping, or (2) reimbursement of costs after sampling and shipping. Payment of costs by CnidToL will require providing a budget (for pre-payments), receipts (for reimbursements), institutional information for transfer of funds, and signing a contract with Kansas University [a formality to ensure everybody's obligations to the project are clear]. For information on pre-payments and reimbursements and the contract, please contact the CnidToL project leader Dr. Paulyn Cartwright pcart@ku.edu&lt;br&gt; 

=== Publications  ===

The arrangement proposed is that each colleague and the relevant medusozoan specialist (e.g. Allen Collins, Mike Dawson, Antonio Marques) will write a manuscript describing the medusae that you contribute to the project. This most likely would take the form of a regional summary of collections or a taxonomic paper on which you would be the lead author and to which we could contribute taxonomic expertise, DNA analyses, some writing and/or figure preparation, editing, etc., as appropriate on a paper-by-paper basis. CnidToL would then also use the sequences and vouchers in analyses of higher-level taxa. Thus, if you make many collections in particular taxonomic groups, we can discuss additional co-authorships on systematic/phylogenetic papers to which those samples contribute significantly. Please feel welcome to discuss this or other appropriate arrangements with each CnidToL specialist with whom you collaborate. 

=== Contact  ===

If you are interested in more information or want to discuss potential collaborations and/or contributions to the project, please contact the most relevant point-person listed below. A general description of the framework for collaborations on medusozoans follows the list of cnidarian personnel. 

'''Actiniarians and nematocysts:''' Meg Daly, daly.66@osu.edu 

'''Culturing new model organisms:''' Neil Blackstone, neilb@niu.edu 

'''Data analyses:''' Dan Janies, janies-1@medctr.osu.edu 

'''Database development:&amp;nbsp;'''Daphne Fautin, fautin@ku.edu 

'''Hydra: '''Daniel Mart’nez, dmartinez@pomona.edu 

'''Hydrozoans: ''' Paulyn Cartwright, pcart@ku.edu 

'''Hexacorals:''' Sandra Romano, sromano@uvi.edu 

'''Medusozoans:''' Allen Collins, CollinsA@si.edu 

'''Molecular marker development:''' Cliff Cunningham, cliff@duke.edu; Bernie Ball, bernie.ball@duke.edu 

'''Octocorals: '''Cathy McFadden, mcfadden@hmc.edu 

'''Scyphozoans: '''Mike Dawson, mdawson@ucmerced.edu 

----

Please ensure that you have all necessary permits for collecting and shipping samples. Please abide by postal regulations (in most cases, mailing very small quantities of ethanol and 4% formalin is OK when packed appropriately). We encourage you to also deposit specimens in 4% formalin with your regional museum. If your collaboration with CnidToL can be used to leverage additional support from your home institution or national funding agencies that will contribute to your own work and to the CnidToL project please contact us for letters of support. 

If you have any questions regarding collaboration on the project or about scyphozoan jellyfishes, please do not hesitate to contact Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. 

''Prepared by P. Cartwright and M. N Dawson'' 

=== Griffith University Workshop[[Image:CnidToLWorkGroup.jpg|thumb|right|Griffith Univeristy Workshop ]]  ===

The Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) Workshop on Scyphozoa&lt;br&gt;Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia&lt;br&gt;28th June, 2007

'''Program''' 

9:30 a.m. - Welcome 

9:40 a.m. - Introduction to the CnidToL project 

9:50 a.m. - Aquaria, medusae, and polyps (C. Widmer) 

10:30 a.m. - Analyses of polyps (G. Jarms) 

11:00 a.m. - Morning tea 

11:30 a.m. - Morphometrics on medusae (M.N Dawson) 

12:00 p.m. - Lunch 

1:00 p.m. - Wet lab: Morphometrics on medusae (M.N Dawson) 

2:30 p.m. - Molecular phylogenetics (M.N Dawson) 

2:50 p.m. - Afternoon tea 

3:15 p.m. - Mitochondrial genomics (J.-S. Lee) 

4:00 p.m. - Discussion &amp;amp; FAQ 

4:30 p.m. - Close&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;

== Global Phylogeography  ==

Phylogeny and Biogeography of Scyphozoa and Discomedusae; Michael N Dawson, et al.

=== Outline ===

Until early in this century, Aurelia aurita was considered to be an ecological generalist distributed circumglobally between about 70° N and 50° S. Molecular analyses demonstrated that this was not the case; there are at least 14 species of Aurelia found in different regions of the world, each presumably adapted to local conditions. A similar story can be told about Cyanea capillata, and probably many other widely distributed taxa. The probable preponderance of cryptic species is a problem because we know little about a species unless we know it's boundaries; we cannot know where it's distribution ends, how short or far it disperses, its upper or lower temperature tolerances, how much it eats, what it can eat, it's metabolic rate, grow rate, fecundity, it's ecological impact, whether it blooms, or is invasice, etc. This project - at the nexus of CnidToL and REVSYS - aims to increase our knowledge of species boundaries by sampling many scyphozoan taxa from many locations around the world. The preliminary map of species distributions that results will provide a template for reinterpreting the ecological data that has been collected over many decades on many species in its appropriate taxonomic context. Thus, each person has the potential to know the species they are working with, its true characteristics, and how it differs from other closely (or distantly) related species ... the essence of any comparative biology or study of biodiversity.

=== Methods  ===

Target species are listed in the Systematics pages of The Scyphozoan (see especially [[Coronatae]], [[Rhizostomeae]], [[Semaeostomeae]]), as are the samples collected to date and their locations. If you can contribute any additional specimens, please contact Mike Dawson (mdawson AT ucmerced DOT edu). The protocol for preservation of samples is a slight modification of the standard protocol for CnidToL, as follows. 

Collecting up to 10 specimens using your standard procedure, rinse the bell margin or oral arms that you will sample with clean water. Biopsy a piece of tissue rich in dermis that is about half the size of your small finger-nail. Preserve the tissue in excess 95% ethanol (i.e. about 10 times as much ethanol as tissue) in a screw-cap, o-ring, 2 ml vial. Preserve the remainder of the medusa in 4-7% formalin-in-seawater such that the final concentration of formalin is 2-4%. Store the ethanol+tissue in a freezer until you are ready to send it to CnidToL; allow the specimen in formalin to 'fix' for at least 3-4 weeks before sending to CnidToL. When ready, pack the samples robustly ([[shipping information and details]]) and send them to one of the two following address (Contact Mike to ask which is most appropriate for the specimens in hand).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Dr. Paulyn Cartwright,&lt;br&gt;Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,&lt;br&gt;Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave.,&lt;br&gt;University of Kansas, Lawrence,&lt;br&gt;KS 66045, USA 
or 
Dr. Michael N Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California, Merced&lt;br&gt;P.O. Box 2039&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95344&lt;br&gt;USA

=== Why get involved? ===

In addition to being able to identify which species you are working with, this project offers multiple opportunities for collaboration and co-authorship. A single species might be collected from multiple locations for a regional phylogeographic study (samples from different environments, or on different sides of a supposed biogeographic boundary are particularly interesting), or multiple species might be collected from a single region (for a biodiversity survey), or multiple species might be collected from multiple regions for a biogeographic study. All of these studies might additionally lead to descriptions of new species or other taxonomic revisions.&lt;br&gt;

== &lt;br&gt;Cnidarian Mitogenomics&lt;br&gt; ==

Emphases on Scyphozoa and Discomedusae; Jae-Seong Lee, Michael N Dawson, et al.

=== Outline ===

Comparison of mitochondrial genomes offers one perspective (the whole mitochondrion is typically considered a single genetic 'locus') on the phylogeny of organisms. That perspective is seen with two eyes, one sees the pattern of genome structure, the other the pattern of sequence differences. Our mutual interests in these two aspects led to the initiation of this collaborative project. The goal is to document the changes in genome structure with evolution of Medusozoa and to reconstruct a robust mitochondrial-based hypothesis of phylogeny in Cnidaria, particularly Scyphozoa, with emphasis on Discomedusae (= Semaeostomeae + Rhizostomeae).

=== Methods ===

At this stage, we are gathering tissue samples for sequencing. Target species are listed in the table below. Those without brackets have been collected (and sequenced if bold), those in brackets are required (in some cases other taxa will be used instead), and &quot;??&quot; indicates that any species from that family is acceptable and is still needed. If you can contribute any of these specimens, please contact Mike Dawson (mdawson AT ucmerced DOT edu). The protocol for preservation of samples is a slight modification of the standard protocol for CnidToL, as follows.

After collecting the specimen(s) using your standard procedure, place it (each) in a large bucket of seawater filtered through 20-80 um plankton mesh. Keep the medusa there for 24-36 hours so that it clears its gut of prey, thus removing that potential source of contamination. Then, dissect out tissues rich in dermis (ideally gonad, or gastric tissue, or oral arms if they are not greatly thickened by mesoglea) until you have a quantity about half the size of your small finger. Preserve the tissue in excess 95% ethanol (i.e. about 10 times as much ethanol as tissue). Preserve the remainder of the medusa in 4-7% formalin-in-seawater such that the final concentration of formalin is 2-4%. Store the ethanol+tissue for 3-to-4 weeks in a refrigerator; invert the tube a few times to mix it every other day during the first week, then once or twice per week for the remaining few weeks. Finally, remove most of the liquid, pack the samples robustly (see shipping) and send the samples to the following address.



Dr. Michael N Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California, Merced&lt;br&gt;P.O. Box 2039&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95344&lt;br&gt;USA



We will sequence whole mtDNA and, separately from several specimens, COI and 16S using existing universal primers which we will compare with a broader sampling of taxa (see Global Phylogeography) as an error-checking mechanism to make sure there is no contamination of samples.

=== Why get involved? ===

Due to the highly technical nature of this project, the small number of samples needed (a few individuals of each of the taxa listed in the table ), and the lack of requirement for additional field data, it is unlikely that people who are not involved in the laboratory or phylogenetic analyses can justifiably be authors on publications arising from this project. (But if you have many months to spare to learn sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, it could be a different story.) So, why get involved? The major reason is that sequencing and comparison of this diversity of mitochondrial genomes will make available an off-the-shelf 'toolkit' of molecular markers for answering questions ranging from those about the highest (class) to the finest (population) levels of biological organization for any and all medusozoa. This will be a dramatic advance, allowing convincing statements about very recent events affecting population connectivity, invasive species, genetic diversity of populations, etc., to be made for the first time. Such knowledge is essential to making strong arguments about many other facets of ecology, such as adaption and selection. The easiest way to apply the new markers to the species in which you're interested is to have it's whole mitochondrion sequenced, because then you know exactly which tools to pull out of the toolbox. So, the question, really, is why not get involved?&lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="18776">[[Image:CnidToL logo.jpg|border|right|The Cindarian Tree of Life Project]] 

== Cnidaria ATol  ==

Cnidaria AToL (CnidTol) is a five-year, collaborative project funded by the National Science 

Foundation under the &quot;Assembling the Tree of Life&quot; program. The overall goal of CnidToL is to significantly enhance our understanding of evolution in the Phylum Cnidaria. The CnidToL project will use an integrative, multi-level approach to investigating cnidarian evolution. The CnidToL team is comprised of PIs, co-PIs and contractors from eleven laboratories at nine institutions and also includes multiple international and U.S. collaborators within the cnidarian scientific community. Through a collaborative effort, we will generate extensive molecular and morphological datasets that will be used to reconstruct phylogenetic hypothesis of cnidarian relationships. Molecular data will include mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA plus nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA; we anticipate a total of 10+ molecular markers. One aspect of morphology that will be examined in detail is the diversity of nematocysts (stinging cells); in turn the utility of these anatomical data for phylogenetic analyses will be evaluated. In addition, we will develop laboratory culture conditions for several different cnidarian species representing a broad phylogenetic sampling in an effort to develop new model organisms amenable for future in-depth developmental, life-history, and morphological studies. ([http://cnidarian.info/ See the CnidToL homepage]) 

Training and outreach are important components of the CnidToL project. An online database will include a catalogue of species, bibliography of literature in which they were described, inventory of type specimens, distribution maps, and images (see cnidarian.info). In addition, all of the molecular and morphological datasets generated from this project will be included in the CnidToL database. Undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral training and outreach to K-12 educators will also be a prominent component to this project.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Overview  ===

Over the next 5 years, we aim to gather large amounts of DNA sequence data accompanied by voucher specimens to assemble as robust a phylogeny of the scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) as possible, including understanding the evolution of scyphozoans relative to cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. Important goals of the project are to establish collaborations that will (1) support new international projects, (2) enable the diverse taxonomic sampling essential to success of the project, and (3) develop the robust global community essential for continuing rapid progress during and after the project. 

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

=== Collecting  ===

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species). 

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water. 

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin. 

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name. 

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge. 

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

[http://www2.eve.ucdavis.edu/mndawson/tS/Res/Methods.html Additional instructions for sampling and photographing medusae.] 

=== Sending Samples  ===

Keep the samples for at least a few weeks after collection to ensure they are well preserved. Please send ethanol-preserved samples for DNA analysis separate from formalin-preserved samples for morphological analysis. 

The small vials of 95% ethanol with tissue for DNA analysis can be wrapped in a couple of plastic bags, sealed, put in a padded envelope or box, and mailed safely. 

The specimens in 4% formalin should be placed in small, non-breakable (e.g. plastic bag, or plastic bottle), containers with sufficient space to fit the animal and just enough liquid to stop it getting damaged in transit. Remove all air from the container to minimize damage in transit. Make sure the container is well-sealed, then seal it another 3 times in additional bags. Pack the sample with plenty of cushioning inside a box. 

Include a note in the box stating the point of origin and destination of the package, and a statement that it is a sample for scientific purposes. This will help it pass through customs easily if the package is checked by a customs officer. 

All samples should be mailed to: Dr. Paulyn Cartwright, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, phone: 785/864-4432, fax: 785/864-5860&lt;br&gt; 

=== Taxonomic Scope  ===

All species of scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) plus a broad sampling of cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Expenses  ===

CnidToL will cover moderate costs associated with sampling and shipping specimens. This can include (1) a small pre-payment of up to a few hundred US$$ if funds are needed before sampling and shipping, or (2) reimbursement of costs after sampling and shipping. Payment of costs by CnidToL will require providing a budget (for pre-payments), receipts (for reimbursements), institutional information for transfer of funds, and signing a contract with Kansas University [a formality to ensure everybody's obligations to the project are clear]. For information on pre-payments and reimbursements and the contract, please contact the CnidToL project leader Dr. Paulyn Cartwright pcart@ku.edu&lt;br&gt; 

=== Publications  ===

The arrangement proposed is that each colleague and the relevant medusozoan specialist (e.g. Allen Collins, Mike Dawson, Antonio Marques) will write a manuscript describing the medusae that you contribute to the project. This most likely would take the form of a regional summary of collections or a taxonomic paper on which you would be the lead author and to which we could contribute taxonomic expertise, DNA analyses, some writing and/or figure preparation, editing, etc., as appropriate on a paper-by-paper basis. CnidToL would then also use the sequences and vouchers in analyses of higher-level taxa. Thus, if you make many collections in particular taxonomic groups, we can discuss additional co-authorships on systematic/phylogenetic papers to which those samples contribute significantly. Please feel welcome to discuss this or other appropriate arrangements with each CnidToL specialist with whom you collaborate. 

=== Contact  ===

If you are interested in more information or want to discuss potential collaborations and/or contributions to the project, please contact the most relevant point-person listed below. A general description of the framework for collaborations on medusozoans follows the list of cnidarian personnel. 

'''Actiniarians and nematocysts:''' Meg Daly, daly.66@osu.edu 

'''Culturing new model organisms:''' Neil Blackstone, neilb@niu.edu 

'''Data analyses:''' Dan Janies, janies-1@medctr.osu.edu 

'''Database development:&amp;nbsp;'''Daphne Fautin, fautin@ku.edu 

'''Hydra: '''Daniel Mart’nez, dmartinez@pomona.edu 

'''Hydrozoans: ''' Paulyn Cartwright, pcart@ku.edu 

'''Hexacorals:''' Sandra Romano, sromano@uvi.edu 

'''Medusozoans:''' Allen Collins, CollinsA@si.edu 

'''Molecular marker development:''' Cliff Cunningham, cliff@duke.edu; Bernie Ball, bernie.ball@duke.edu 

'''Octocorals: '''Cathy McFadden, mcfadden@hmc.edu 

'''Scyphozoans: '''Mike Dawson, mdawson@ucmerced.edu 

----

Please ensure that you have all necessary permits for collecting and shipping samples. Please abide by postal regulations (in most cases, mailing very small quantities of ethanol and 4% formalin is OK when packed appropriately). We encourage you to also deposit specimens in 4% formalin with your regional museum. If your collaboration with CnidToL can be used to leverage additional support from your home institution or national funding agencies that will contribute to your own work and to the CnidToL project please contact us for letters of support. 

If you have any questions regarding collaboration on the project or about scyphozoan jellyfishes, please do not hesitate to contact Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. 

''Prepared by P. Cartwright and M. N Dawson'' 

=== Griffith University Workshop===

[[Image:CnidToLWorkGroup.jpg|thumb|right|Griffith Univeristy Workshop ]]

The Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) Workshop on Scyphozoa&lt;br&gt;Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia&lt;br&gt;28th June, 2007

'''Program''' 

9:30 a.m. - Welcome 

9:40 a.m. - Introduction to the CnidToL project 

9:50 a.m. - Aquaria, medusae, and polyps (C. Widmer) 

10:30 a.m. - Analyses of polyps (G. Jarms) 

11:00 a.m. - Morning tea 

11:30 a.m. - Morphometrics on medusae (M.N Dawson) 

12:00 p.m. - Lunch 

1:00 p.m. - Wet lab: Morphometrics on medusae (M.N Dawson) 

2:30 p.m. - Molecular phylogenetics (M.N Dawson) 

2:50 p.m. - Afternoon tea 

3:15 p.m. - Mitochondrial genomics (J.-S. Lee) 

4:00 p.m. - Discussion &amp;amp; FAQ 

4:30 p.m. - Close&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;

== Global Phylogeography  ==

Phylogeny and Biogeography of Scyphozoa and Discomedusae; Michael N Dawson, et al.

=== Outline ===

Until early in this century, Aurelia aurita was considered to be an ecological generalist distributed circumglobally between about 70° N and 50° S. Molecular analyses demonstrated that this was not the case; there are at least 14 species of Aurelia found in different regions of the world, each presumably adapted to local conditions. A similar story can be told about Cyanea capillata, and probably many other widely distributed taxa. The probable preponderance of cryptic species is a problem because we know little about a species unless we know it's boundaries; we cannot know where it's distribution ends, how short or far it disperses, its upper or lower temperature tolerances, how much it eats, what it can eat, it's metabolic rate, grow rate, fecundity, it's ecological impact, whether it blooms, or is invasice, etc. This project - at the nexus of CnidToL and REVSYS - aims to increase our knowledge of species boundaries by sampling many scyphozoan taxa from many locations around the world. The preliminary map of species distributions that results will provide a template for reinterpreting the ecological data that has been collected over many decades on many species in its appropriate taxonomic context. Thus, each person has the potential to know the species they are working with, its true characteristics, and how it differs from other closely (or distantly) related species ... the essence of any comparative biology or study of biodiversity.

=== Methods  ===

Target species are listed in the Systematics pages of The Scyphozoan (see especially [[Coronatae]], [[Rhizostomeae]], [[Semaeostomeae]]), as are the samples collected to date and their locations. If you can contribute any additional specimens, please contact Mike Dawson (mdawson AT ucmerced DOT edu). The protocol for preservation of samples is a slight modification of the standard protocol for CnidToL, as follows. 

Collecting up to 10 specimens using your standard procedure, rinse the bell margin or oral arms that you will sample with clean water. Biopsy a piece of tissue rich in dermis that is about half the size of your small finger-nail. Preserve the tissue in excess 95% ethanol (i.e. about 10 times as much ethanol as tissue) in a screw-cap, o-ring, 2 ml vial. Preserve the remainder of the medusa in 4-7% formalin-in-seawater such that the final concentration of formalin is 2-4%. Store the ethanol+tissue in a freezer until you are ready to send it to CnidToL; allow the specimen in formalin to 'fix' for at least 3-4 weeks before sending to CnidToL. When ready, pack the samples robustly ([[shipping information and details]]) and send them to one of the two following address (Contact Mike to ask which is most appropriate for the specimens in hand).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Dr. Paulyn Cartwright,&lt;br&gt;Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,&lt;br&gt;Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave.,&lt;br&gt;University of Kansas, Lawrence,&lt;br&gt;KS 66045, USA 
or 
Dr. Michael N Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California, Merced&lt;br&gt;P.O. Box 2039&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95344&lt;br&gt;USA

=== Why get involved? ===

In addition to being able to identify which species you are working with, this project offers multiple opportunities for collaboration and co-authorship. A single species might be collected from multiple locations for a regional phylogeographic study (samples from different environments, or on different sides of a supposed biogeographic boundary are particularly interesting), or multiple species might be collected from a single region (for a biodiversity survey), or multiple species might be collected from multiple regions for a biogeographic study. All of these studies might additionally lead to descriptions of new species or other taxonomic revisions.&lt;br&gt;

== &lt;br&gt;Cnidarian Mitogenomics&lt;br&gt; ==

Emphases on Scyphozoa and Discomedusae; Jae-Seong Lee, Michael N Dawson, et al.

=== Outline ===

Comparison of mitochondrial genomes offers one perspective (the whole mitochondrion is typically considered a single genetic 'locus') on the phylogeny of organisms. That perspective is seen with two eyes, one sees the pattern of genome structure, the other the pattern of sequence differences. Our mutual interests in these two aspects led to the initiation of this collaborative project. The goal is to document the changes in genome structure with evolution of Medusozoa and to reconstruct a robust mitochondrial-based hypothesis of phylogeny in Cnidaria, particularly Scyphozoa, with emphasis on Discomedusae (= Semaeostomeae + Rhizostomeae).

=== Methods ===

At this stage, we are gathering tissue samples for sequencing. Target species are listed in the table below. Those without brackets have been collected (and sequenced if bold), those in brackets are required (in some cases other taxa will be used instead), and &quot;??&quot; indicates that any species from that family is acceptable and is still needed. If you can contribute any of these specimens, please contact Mike Dawson (mdawson AT ucmerced DOT edu). The protocol for preservation of samples is a slight modification of the standard protocol for CnidToL, as follows.

After collecting the specimen(s) using your standard procedure, place it (each) in a large bucket of seawater filtered through 20-80 um plankton mesh. Keep the medusa there for 24-36 hours so that it clears its gut of prey, thus removing that potential source of contamination. Then, dissect out tissues rich in dermis (ideally gonad, or gastric tissue, or oral arms if they are not greatly thickened by mesoglea) until you have a quantity about half the size of your small finger. Preserve the tissue in excess 95% ethanol (i.e. about 10 times as much ethanol as tissue). Preserve the remainder of the medusa in 4-7% formalin-in-seawater such that the final concentration of formalin is 2-4%. Store the ethanol+tissue for 3-to-4 weeks in a refrigerator; invert the tube a few times to mix it every other day during the first week, then once or twice per week for the remaining few weeks. Finally, remove most of the liquid, pack the samples robustly (see shipping) and send the samples to the following address.



Dr. Michael N Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California, Merced&lt;br&gt;P.O. Box 2039&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95344&lt;br&gt;USA



We will sequence whole mtDNA and, separately from several specimens, COI and 16S using existing universal primers which we will compare with a broader sampling of taxa (see Global Phylogeography) as an error-checking mechanism to make sure there is no contamination of samples.

=== Why get involved? ===

Due to the highly technical nature of this project, the small number of samples needed (a few individuals of each of the taxa listed in the table ), and the lack of requirement for additional field data, it is unlikely that people who are not involved in the laboratory or phylogenetic analyses can justifiably be authors on publications arising from this project. (But if you have many months to spare to learn sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, it could be a different story.) So, why get involved? The major reason is that sequencing and comparison of this diversity of mitochondrial genomes will make available an off-the-shelf 'toolkit' of molecular markers for answering questions ranging from those about the highest (class) to the finest (population) levels of biological organization for any and all medusozoa. This will be a dramatic advance, allowing convincing statements about very recent events affecting population connectivity, invasive species, genetic diversity of populations, etc., to be made for the first time. Such knowledge is essential to making strong arguments about many other facets of ecology, such as adaption and selection. The easiest way to apply the new markers to the species in which you're interested is to have it's whole mitochondrion sequenced, because then you know exactly which tools to pull out of the toolbox. So, the question, really, is why not get involved?&lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <comment>/* Methods */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="18778">[[Image:CnidToL logo.jpg|border|right|The Cindarian Tree of Life Project]] 

== Cnidaria ATol  ==

Cnidaria AToL (CnidTol) is a five-year, collaborative project funded by the National Science 

Foundation under the &quot;Assembling the Tree of Life&quot; program. The overall goal of CnidToL is to significantly enhance our understanding of evolution in the Phylum Cnidaria. The CnidToL project will use an integrative, multi-level approach to investigating cnidarian evolution. The CnidToL team is comprised of PIs, co-PIs and contractors from eleven laboratories at nine institutions and also includes multiple international and U.S. collaborators within the cnidarian scientific community. Through a collaborative effort, we will generate extensive molecular and morphological datasets that will be used to reconstruct phylogenetic hypothesis of cnidarian relationships. Molecular data will include mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA plus nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA; we anticipate a total of 10+ molecular markers. One aspect of morphology that will be examined in detail is the diversity of nematocysts (stinging cells); in turn the utility of these anatomical data for phylogenetic analyses will be evaluated. In addition, we will develop laboratory culture conditions for several different cnidarian species representing a broad phylogenetic sampling in an effort to develop new model organisms amenable for future in-depth developmental, life-history, and morphological studies. ([http://cnidarian.info/ See the CnidToL homepage]) 

Training and outreach are important components of the CnidToL project. An online database will include a catalogue of species, bibliography of literature in which they were described, inventory of type specimens, distribution maps, and images (see cnidarian.info). In addition, all of the molecular and morphological datasets generated from this project will be included in the CnidToL database. Undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral training and outreach to K-12 educators will also be a prominent component to this project.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Overview  ===

Over the next 5 years, we aim to gather large amounts of DNA sequence data accompanied by voucher specimens to assemble as robust a phylogeny of the scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) as possible, including understanding the evolution of scyphozoans relative to cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. Important goals of the project are to establish collaborations that will (1) support new international projects, (2) enable the diverse taxonomic sampling essential to success of the project, and (3) develop the robust global community essential for continuing rapid progress during and after the project. 

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

=== Collecting  ===

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species). 

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water. 

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin. 

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name. 

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge. 

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

[http://www2.eve.ucdavis.edu/mndawson/tS/Res/Methods.html Additional instructions for sampling and photographing medusae.] 

=== Sending Samples  ===

Keep the samples for at least a few weeks after collection to ensure they are well preserved. Please send ethanol-preserved samples for DNA analysis separate from formalin-preserved samples for morphological analysis. 

The small vials of 95% ethanol with tissue for DNA analysis can be wrapped in a couple of plastic bags, sealed, put in a padded envelope or box, and mailed safely. 

The specimens in 4% formalin should be placed in small, non-breakable (e.g. plastic bag, or plastic bottle), containers with sufficient space to fit the animal and just enough liquid to stop it getting damaged in transit. Remove all air from the container to minimize damage in transit. Make sure the container is well-sealed, then seal it another 3 times in additional bags. Pack the sample with plenty of cushioning inside a box. 

Include a note in the box stating the point of origin and destination of the package, and a statement that it is a sample for scientific purposes. This will help it pass through customs easily if the package is checked by a customs officer. 

All samples should be mailed to: Dr. Paulyn Cartwright, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, phone: 785/864-4432, fax: 785/864-5860&lt;br&gt; 

=== Taxonomic Scope  ===

All species of scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) plus a broad sampling of cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Expenses  ===

CnidToL will cover moderate costs associated with sampling and shipping specimens. This can include (1) a small pre-payment of up to a few hundred US$$ if funds are needed before sampling and shipping, or (2) reimbursement of costs after sampling and shipping. Payment of costs by CnidToL will require providing a budget (for pre-payments), receipts (for reimbursements), institutional information for transfer of funds, and signing a contract with Kansas University [a formality to ensure everybody's obligations to the project are clear]. For information on pre-payments and reimbursements and the contract, please contact the CnidToL project leader Dr. Paulyn Cartwright pcart@ku.edu&lt;br&gt; 

=== Publications  ===

The arrangement proposed is that each colleague and the relevant medusozoan specialist (e.g. Allen Collins, Mike Dawson, Antonio Marques) will write a manuscript describing the medusae that you contribute to the project. This most likely would take the form of a regional summary of collections or a taxonomic paper on which you would be the lead author and to which we could contribute taxonomic expertise, DNA analyses, some writing and/or figure preparation, editing, etc., as appropriate on a paper-by-paper basis. CnidToL would then also use the sequences and vouchers in analyses of higher-level taxa. Thus, if you make many collections in particular taxonomic groups, we can discuss additional co-authorships on systematic/phylogenetic papers to which those samples contribute significantly. Please feel welcome to discuss this or other appropriate arrangements with each CnidToL specialist with whom you collaborate. 

=== Contact  ===

If you are interested in more information or want to discuss potential collaborations and/or contributions to the project, please contact the most relevant point-person listed below. A general description of the framework for collaborations on medusozoans follows the list of cnidarian personnel. 

'''Actiniarians and nematocysts:''' Meg Daly, daly.66@osu.edu 

'''Culturing new model organisms:''' Neil Blackstone, neilb@niu.edu 

'''Data analyses:''' Dan Janies, janies-1@medctr.osu.edu 

'''Database development:&amp;nbsp;'''Daphne Fautin, fautin@ku.edu 

'''Hydra: '''Daniel Mart’nez, dmartinez@pomona.edu 

'''Hydrozoans: ''' Paulyn Cartwright, pcart@ku.edu 

'''Hexacorals:''' Sandra Romano, sromano@uvi.edu 

'''Medusozoans:''' Allen Collins, CollinsA@si.edu 

'''Molecular marker development:''' Cliff Cunningham, cliff@duke.edu; Bernie Ball, bernie.ball@duke.edu 

'''Octocorals: '''Cathy McFadden, mcfadden@hmc.edu 

'''Scyphozoans: '''Mike Dawson, mdawson@ucmerced.edu 

----

Please ensure that you have all necessary permits for collecting and shipping samples. Please abide by postal regulations (in most cases, mailing very small quantities of ethanol and 4% formalin is OK when packed appropriately). We encourage you to also deposit specimens in 4% formalin with your regional museum. If your collaboration with CnidToL can be used to leverage additional support from your home institution or national funding agencies that will contribute to your own work and to the CnidToL project please contact us for letters of support. 

If you have any questions regarding collaboration on the project or about scyphozoan jellyfishes, please do not hesitate to contact Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. 

''Prepared by P. Cartwright and M. N Dawson'' 

=== Griffith University Workshop===

[[Image:CnidToLWorkGroup.jpg|thumb|right|Griffith Univeristy Workshop ]]

The Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) Workshop on Scyphozoa&lt;br&gt;Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia&lt;br&gt;28th June, 2007

'''Program''' 

9:30 a.m. - Welcome 

9:40 a.m. - Introduction to the CnidToL project 

9:50 a.m. - Aquaria, medusae, and polyps (C. Widmer) 

10:30 a.m. - Analyses of polyps (G. Jarms) 

11:00 a.m. - Morning tea 

11:30 a.m. - Morphometrics on medusae (M.N Dawson) 

12:00 p.m. - Lunch 

1:00 p.m. - Wet lab: Morphometrics on medusae (M.N Dawson) 

2:30 p.m. - Molecular phylogenetics (M.N Dawson) 

2:50 p.m. - Afternoon tea 

3:15 p.m. - Mitochondrial genomics (J.-S. Lee) 

4:00 p.m. - Discussion &amp;amp; FAQ 

4:30 p.m. - Close&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;

== Global Phylogeography  ==

Phylogeny and Biogeography of Scyphozoa and Discomedusae; Michael N Dawson, et al.

=== Outline ===

Until early in this century, Aurelia aurita was considered to be an ecological generalist distributed circumglobally between about 70° N and 50° S. Molecular analyses demonstrated that this was not the case; there are at least 14 species of Aurelia found in different regions of the world, each presumably adapted to local conditions. A similar story can be told about Cyanea capillata, and probably many other widely distributed taxa. The probable preponderance of cryptic species is a problem because we know little about a species unless we know it's boundaries; we cannot know where it's distribution ends, how short or far it disperses, its upper or lower temperature tolerances, how much it eats, what it can eat, it's metabolic rate, grow rate, fecundity, it's ecological impact, whether it blooms, or is invasice, etc. This project - at the nexus of CnidToL and REVSYS - aims to increase our knowledge of species boundaries by sampling many scyphozoan taxa from many locations around the world. The preliminary map of species distributions that results will provide a template for reinterpreting the ecological data that has been collected over many decades on many species in its appropriate taxonomic context. Thus, each person has the potential to know the species they are working with, its true characteristics, and how it differs from other closely (or distantly) related species ... the essence of any comparative biology or study of biodiversity.

=== Methods  ===

Target species are listed in the Systematics pages of The Scyphozoan (see especially [[Coronatae]], [[Rhizostomeae]], [[Semaeostomeae]]), as are the samples collected to date and their locations. If you can contribute any additional specimens, please contact Mike Dawson (mdawson AT ucmerced DOT edu). The protocol for preservation of samples is a slight modification of the standard protocol for CnidToL, as follows. 

Collecting up to 10 specimens using your standard procedure, rinse the bell margin or oral arms that you will sample with clean water. Biopsy a piece of tissue rich in dermis that is about half the size of your small finger-nail. Preserve the tissue in excess 95% ethanol (i.e. about 10 times as much ethanol as tissue) in a screw-cap, o-ring, 2 ml vial. Preserve the remainder of the medusa in 4-7% formalin-in-seawater such that the final concentration of formalin is 2-4%. Store the ethanol+tissue in a freezer until you are ready to send it to CnidToL; allow the specimen in formalin to 'fix' for at least 3-4 weeks before sending to CnidToL. When ready, pack the samples robustly ([[shipping information and details]]) and send them to one of the two following address (Contact Mike to ask which is most appropriate for the specimens in hand).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Dr. Paulyn Cartwright,&lt;br&gt;Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,&lt;br&gt;Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave.,&lt;br&gt;University of Kansas, Lawrence,&lt;br&gt;KS 66045, USA 

or 

Dr. Michael N Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California, Merced&lt;br&gt;P.O. Box 2039&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95344&lt;br&gt;USA

=== Why get involved? ===

In addition to being able to identify which species you are working with, this project offers multiple opportunities for collaboration and co-authorship. A single species might be collected from multiple locations for a regional phylogeographic study (samples from different environments, or on different sides of a supposed biogeographic boundary are particularly interesting), or multiple species might be collected from a single region (for a biodiversity survey), or multiple species might be collected from multiple regions for a biogeographic study. All of these studies might additionally lead to descriptions of new species or other taxonomic revisions.&lt;br&gt;

== &lt;br&gt;Cnidarian Mitogenomics&lt;br&gt; ==

Emphases on Scyphozoa and Discomedusae; Jae-Seong Lee, Michael N Dawson, et al.

=== Outline ===

Comparison of mitochondrial genomes offers one perspective (the whole mitochondrion is typically considered a single genetic 'locus') on the phylogeny of organisms. That perspective is seen with two eyes, one sees the pattern of genome structure, the other the pattern of sequence differences. Our mutual interests in these two aspects led to the initiation of this collaborative project. The goal is to document the changes in genome structure with evolution of Medusozoa and to reconstruct a robust mitochondrial-based hypothesis of phylogeny in Cnidaria, particularly Scyphozoa, with emphasis on Discomedusae (= Semaeostomeae + Rhizostomeae).

=== Methods ===

At this stage, we are gathering tissue samples for sequencing. Target species are listed in the table below. Those without brackets have been collected (and sequenced if bold), those in brackets are required (in some cases other taxa will be used instead), and &quot;??&quot; indicates that any species from that family is acceptable and is still needed. If you can contribute any of these specimens, please contact Mike Dawson (mdawson AT ucmerced DOT edu). The protocol for preservation of samples is a slight modification of the standard protocol for CnidToL, as follows.

After collecting the specimen(s) using your standard procedure, place it (each) in a large bucket of seawater filtered through 20-80 um plankton mesh. Keep the medusa there for 24-36 hours so that it clears its gut of prey, thus removing that potential source of contamination. Then, dissect out tissues rich in dermis (ideally gonad, or gastric tissue, or oral arms if they are not greatly thickened by mesoglea) until you have a quantity about half the size of your small finger. Preserve the tissue in excess 95% ethanol (i.e. about 10 times as much ethanol as tissue). Preserve the remainder of the medusa in 4-7% formalin-in-seawater such that the final concentration of formalin is 2-4%. Store the ethanol+tissue for 3-to-4 weeks in a refrigerator; invert the tube a few times to mix it every other day during the first week, then once or twice per week for the remaining few weeks. Finally, remove most of the liquid, pack the samples robustly (see shipping) and send the samples to the following address.



Dr. Michael N Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California, Merced&lt;br&gt;P.O. Box 2039&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95344&lt;br&gt;USA



We will sequence whole mtDNA and, separately from several specimens, COI and 16S using existing universal primers which we will compare with a broader sampling of taxa (see Global Phylogeography) as an error-checking mechanism to make sure there is no contamination of samples.

=== Why get involved? ===

Due to the highly technical nature of this project, the small number of samples needed (a few individuals of each of the taxa listed in the table ), and the lack of requirement for additional field data, it is unlikely that people who are not involved in the laboratory or phylogenetic analyses can justifiably be authors on publications arising from this project. (But if you have many months to spare to learn sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, it could be a different story.) So, why get involved? The major reason is that sequencing and comparison of this diversity of mitochondrial genomes will make available an off-the-shelf 'toolkit' of molecular markers for answering questions ranging from those about the highest (class) to the finest (population) levels of biological organization for any and all medusozoa. This will be a dramatic advance, allowing convincing statements about very recent events affecting population connectivity, invasive species, genetic diversity of populations, etc., to be made for the first time. Such knowledge is essential to making strong arguments about many other facets of ecology, such as adaption and selection. The easiest way to apply the new markers to the species in which you're interested is to have it's whole mitochondrion sequenced, because then you know exactly which tools to pull out of the toolbox. So, the question, really, is why not get involved?&lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="20587">[[Image:CnidToL logo.jpg|border|right|The Cindarian Tree of Life Project]] 

== Cnidaria ATol  ==

Cnidaria AToL (CnidTol) is a five-year, collaborative project funded by the National Science 

Foundation under the &quot;Assembling the Tree of Life&quot; program. The overall goal of CnidToL is to significantly enhance our understanding of evolution in the Phylum Cnidaria. The CnidToL project will use an integrative, multi-level approach to investigating cnidarian evolution. The CnidToL team is comprised of PIs, co-PIs and contractors from eleven laboratories at nine institutions and also includes multiple international and U.S. collaborators within the cnidarian scientific community. Through a collaborative effort, we will generate extensive molecular and morphological datasets that will be used to reconstruct phylogenetic hypothesis of cnidarian relationships. Molecular data will include mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA plus nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA; we anticipate a total of 10+ molecular markers. One aspect of morphology that will be examined in detail is the diversity of nematocysts (stinging cells); in turn the utility of these anatomical data for phylogenetic analyses will be evaluated. In addition, we will develop laboratory culture conditions for several different cnidarian species representing a broad phylogenetic sampling in an effort to develop new model organisms amenable for future in-depth developmental, life-history, and morphological studies. ([http://cnidarian.info/ See the CnidToL homepage]) 

Training and outreach are important components of the CnidToL project. An online database will include a catalogue of species, bibliography of literature in which they were described, inventory of type specimens, distribution maps, and images (see cnidarian.info). In addition, all of the molecular and morphological datasets generated from this project will be included in the CnidToL database. Undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral training and outreach to K-12 educators will also be a prominent component to this project.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Overview  ===

Over the next 5 years, we aim to gather large amounts of DNA sequence data accompanied by voucher specimens to assemble as robust a phylogeny of the scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) as possible, including understanding the evolution of scyphozoans relative to cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. Important goals of the project are to establish collaborations that will (1) support new international projects, (2) enable the diverse taxonomic sampling essential to success of the project, and (3) develop the robust global community essential for continuing rapid progress during and after the project. 

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

=== Collecting  ===

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species). 

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water. 

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin. 

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name. 

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge. 

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

[http://www2.eve.ucdavis.edu/mndawson/tS/Res/Methods.html Additional instructions for sampling and photographing medusae.] 

=== Sending Samples  ===

Keep the samples for at least a few weeks after collection to ensure they are well preserved. Please send ethanol-preserved samples for DNA analysis separate from formalin-preserved samples for morphological analysis. 

The small vials of 95% ethanol with tissue for DNA analysis can be wrapped in a couple of plastic bags, sealed, put in a padded envelope or box, and mailed safely. 

The specimens in 4% formalin should be placed in small, non-breakable (e.g. plastic bag, or plastic bottle), containers with sufficient space to fit the animal and just enough liquid to stop it getting damaged in transit. Remove all air from the container to minimize damage in transit. Make sure the container is well-sealed, then seal it another 3 times in additional bags. Pack the sample with plenty of cushioning inside a box. 

Include a note in the box stating the point of origin and destination of the package, and a statement that it is a sample for scientific purposes. This will help it pass through customs easily if the package is checked by a customs officer. 

All samples should be mailed to: Dr. Paulyn Cartwright, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, phone: 785/864-4432, fax: 785/864-5860&lt;br&gt; 

=== Taxonomic Scope  ===

All species of scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) plus a broad sampling of cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Expenses  ===

CnidToL will cover moderate costs associated with sampling and shipping specimens. This can include (1) a small pre-payment of up to a few hundred US$$ if funds are needed before sampling and shipping, or (2) reimbursement of costs after sampling and shipping. Payment of costs by CnidToL will require providing a budget (for pre-payments), receipts (for reimbursements), institutional information for transfer of funds, and signing a contract with Kansas University [a formality to ensure everybody's obligations to the project are clear]. For information on pre-payments and reimbursements and the contract, please contact the CnidToL project leader Dr. Paulyn Cartwright pcart@ku.edu&lt;br&gt; 

=== Publications  ===

The arrangement proposed is that each colleague and the relevant medusozoan specialist (e.g. Allen Collins, Mike Dawson, Antonio Marques) will write a manuscript describing the medusae that you contribute to the project. This most likely would take the form of a regional summary of collections or a taxonomic paper on which you would be the lead author and to which we could contribute taxonomic expertise, DNA analyses, some writing and/or figure preparation, editing, etc., as appropriate on a paper-by-paper basis. CnidToL would then also use the sequences and vouchers in analyses of higher-level taxa. Thus, if you make many collections in particular taxonomic groups, we can discuss additional co-authorships on systematic/phylogenetic papers to which those samples contribute significantly. Please feel welcome to discuss this or other appropriate arrangements with each CnidToL specialist with whom you collaborate. 

=== Contact  ===

If you are interested in more information or want to discuss potential collaborations and/or contributions to the project, please contact the most relevant point-person listed below. A general description of the framework for collaborations on medusozoans follows the list of cnidarian personnel. 

'''Actiniarians and nematocysts:''' Meg Daly, daly.66@osu.edu 

'''Culturing new model organisms:''' Neil Blackstone, neilb@niu.edu 

'''Data analyses:''' Dan Janies, janies-1@medctr.osu.edu 

'''Database development:&amp;nbsp;'''Daphne Fautin, fautin@ku.edu 

'''Hydra: '''Daniel Mart’nez, dmartinez@pomona.edu 

'''Hydrozoans: ''' Paulyn Cartwright, pcart@ku.edu 

'''Hexacorals:''' Sandra Romano, sromano@uvi.edu 

'''Medusozoans:''' Allen Collins, CollinsA@si.edu 

'''Molecular marker development:''' Cliff Cunningham, cliff@duke.edu; Bernie Ball, bernie.ball@duke.edu 

'''Octocorals: '''Cathy McFadden, mcfadden@hmc.edu 

'''Scyphozoans: '''Mike Dawson, mdawson@ucmerced.edu 

----

Please ensure that you have all necessary permits for collecting and shipping samples. Please abide by postal regulations (in most cases, mailing very small quantities of ethanol and 4% formalin is OK when packed appropriately). We encourage you to also deposit specimens in 4% formalin with your regional museum. If your collaboration with CnidToL can be used to leverage additional support from your home institution or national funding agencies that will contribute to your own work and to the CnidToL project please contact us for letters of support. 

If you have any questions regarding collaboration on the project or about scyphozoan jellyfishes, please do not hesitate to contact Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. 

''Prepared by P. Cartwright and M. N Dawson'' 

=== Griffith University Workshop===

[[Image:CnidToLWorkGroup.jpg|thumb|right|Griffith Univeristy Workshop ]]

The Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) Workshop on Scyphozoa&lt;br&gt;Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia&lt;br&gt;28th June, 2007

'''Program''' 

9:30 a.m. - Welcome 

9:40 a.m. - Introduction to the CnidToL project 

9:50 a.m. - Aquaria, medusae, and polyps (C. Widmer) 

10:30 a.m. - Analyses of polyps (G. Jarms) 

11:00 a.m. - Morning tea 

11:30 a.m. - Morphometrics on medusae (M.N Dawson) 

12:00 p.m. - Lunch 

1:00 p.m. - Wet lab: Morphometrics on medusae (M.N Dawson) 

2:30 p.m. - Molecular phylogenetics (M.N Dawson) 

2:50 p.m. - Afternoon tea 

3:15 p.m. - Mitochondrial genomics (J.-S. Lee) 

4:00 p.m. - Discussion &amp;amp; FAQ 

4:30 p.m. - Close&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;

== Global Phylogeography  ==

Phylogeny and Biogeography of Scyphozoa and Discomedusae; Michael N Dawson, et al.

=== Outline ===

Until early in this century, Aurelia aurita was considered to be an ecological generalist distributed circumglobally between about 70° N and 50° S. Molecular analyses demonstrated that this was not the case; there are at least 14 species of Aurelia found in different regions of the world, each presumably adapted to local conditions. A similar story can be told about Cyanea capillata, and probably many other widely distributed taxa. The probable preponderance of cryptic species is a problem because we know little about a species unless we know it's boundaries; we cannot know where it's distribution ends, how short or far it disperses, its upper or lower temperature tolerances, how much it eats, what it can eat, it's metabolic rate, grow rate, fecundity, it's ecological impact, whether it blooms, or is invasice, etc. This project - at the nexus of CnidToL and REVSYS - aims to increase our knowledge of species boundaries by sampling many scyphozoan taxa from many locations around the world. The preliminary map of species distributions that results will provide a template for reinterpreting the ecological data that has been collected over many decades on many species in its appropriate taxonomic context. Thus, each person has the potential to know the species they are working with, its true characteristics, and how it differs from other closely (or distantly) related species ... the essence of any comparative biology or study of biodiversity.

=== Methods  ===

Target species are listed in the Systematics pages of The Scyphozoan (see especially [[Coronatae]], [[Rhizostomeae]], [[Semaeostomeae]]), as are the samples collected to date and their locations. If you can contribute any additional specimens, please contact Mike Dawson (mdawson AT ucmerced DOT edu). The protocol for preservation of samples is a slight modification of the standard protocol for CnidToL, as follows. 

Collecting up to 10 specimens using your standard procedure, rinse the bell margin or oral arms that you will sample with clean water. Biopsy a piece of tissue rich in dermis that is about half the size of your small finger-nail. Preserve the tissue in excess 95% ethanol (i.e. about 10 times as much ethanol as tissue) in a screw-cap, o-ring, 2 ml vial. Preserve the remainder of the medusa in 4-7% formalin-in-seawater such that the final concentration of formalin is 2-4%. Store the ethanol+tissue in a freezer until you are ready to send it to CnidToL; allow the specimen in formalin to 'fix' for at least 3-4 weeks before sending to CnidToL. When ready, pack the samples robustly ([[shipping information and details]]) and send them to one of the two following address (Contact Mike to ask which is most appropriate for the specimens in hand).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Dr. Paulyn Cartwright,&lt;br&gt;Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,&lt;br&gt;Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave.,&lt;br&gt;University of Kansas, Lawrence,&lt;br&gt;KS 66045, USA 

or 

Dr. Michael N Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California, Merced&lt;br&gt;P.O. Box 2039&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95344&lt;br&gt;USA

=== Why get involved? ===

In addition to being able to identify which species you are working with, this project offers multiple opportunities for collaboration and co-authorship. A single species might be collected from multiple locations for a regional phylogeographic study (samples from different environments, or on different sides of a supposed biogeographic boundary are particularly interesting), or multiple species might be collected from a single region (for a biodiversity survey), or multiple species might be collected from multiple regions for a biogeographic study. All of these studies might additionally lead to descriptions of new species or other taxonomic revisions.&lt;br&gt;

== &lt;br&gt;Cnidarian Mitogenomics&lt;br&gt;  ==

Emphases on Scyphozoa and Discomedusae; Jae-Seong Lee, Michael N Dawson, et al. 

=== Outline  ===

Comparison of mitochondrial genomes offers one perspective (the whole mitochondrion is typically considered a single genetic 'locus') on the phylogeny of organisms. That perspective is seen with two eyes, one sees the pattern of genome structure, the other the pattern of sequence differences. Our mutual interests in these two aspects led to the initiation of this collaborative project. The goal is to document the changes in genome structure with evolution of Medusozoa and to reconstruct a robust mitochondrial-based hypothesis of phylogeny in Cnidaria, particularly Scyphozoa, with emphasis on Discomedusae (= Semaeostomeae + Rhizostomeae). 

=== Methods  ===

At this stage, we are gathering tissue samples for sequencing. Target species are listed in the table below. Those without brackets have been collected (and sequenced if bold), those in brackets are required (in some cases other taxa will be used instead), and &quot;??&quot; indicates that any species from that family is acceptable and is still needed. If you can contribute any of these specimens, please contact Mike Dawson (mdawson AT ucmerced DOT edu). The protocol for preservation of samples is a slight modification of the standard protocol for CnidToL, as follows. 

{| cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; summary=&quot;These are the target species for tissue samples for sequencing. Those without brackets have been collected (and sequenced if bold), those in brackets are required, and &amp;quot;??&quot; indicates that nay species that family is acceptable and is still needed. &quot; style=&quot;width: 512px; height: 551px;&quot;
|+ '''Target Species for Tisse Sampling&lt;br&gt;'''
|-
| '''CLASS&lt;br&gt;'''
| '''ORDER'''&lt;br&gt;
| '''FAMILY'''&lt;br&gt;
| '''Source of Genus Species'''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| ANTHOZOA&lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| ''&amp;gt; 20 in GenBank&lt;br&gt;''
|-
| STAUROZOA &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| Eleutherocarpidae&lt;br&gt;
| ''?? (Halyclistus) ''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| Cleistocarpidae&lt;br&gt;
| ?? ''(Craterolophus) ''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| CUBOZOA&lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| Carybdeidae&lt;br&gt;
| ??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| Chirodropidae&lt;br&gt;
| ??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| HYDROZOA&lt;br&gt;
| LEPTOTHECATA&lt;br&gt;
| Aequoreidae&lt;br&gt;
| ?? (''Aequorea)''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| TRACHYMEDUSAE&lt;br&gt;
| Rhopalonematidae&lt;br&gt;
| ?? ''(Aglantha)''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| SCYPHOZOA&lt;br&gt;
| CORONATAE&lt;br&gt;
| Periphyllidae&lt;br&gt;
| ?? ''(Periphylla periphylla) ''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| Linuchidae&lt;br&gt;
| ?? ''(Linuche) ''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| SEMAEOSTOMEAE&lt;br&gt;
| Cyaneidae&lt;br&gt;
| ??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| Pelagiidae''&lt;br&gt;''
| '''''Chrysaora (Dactylometra) quinquecirrha**'''''&lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| '''&lt;br&gt;'''
| Ulmaridae'''&lt;br&gt;'''
| '''''Aurelia aurita*, Aurelia sp.1**'''''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| RHIZOSTOMEAE&lt;br&gt;
| Cassiopeidae&lt;br&gt;
| ??''(Cassiopea)''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| Catostylidae&lt;br&gt;
| ??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| Cepheidae&lt;br&gt;
| ?? ''(Cotylorhiza)''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| Lychnorhizidae&lt;br&gt;
| ??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| Lobonematidae&lt;br&gt;
| ??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| Mastigiidae&lt;br&gt;
| ?? ''(Mastigias)''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| Rhizostomatidae&lt;br&gt;
| ??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt;
| &lt;br&gt;
| Stomolophidae&lt;br&gt;
| ??&lt;br&gt;
|}

&lt;br&gt; After collecting the specimen(s) using your standard procedure, place it (each) in a large bucket of seawater filtered through 20-80 um plankton mesh. Keep the medusa there for 24-36 hours so that it clears its gut of prey, thus removing that potential source of contamination. Then, dissect out tissues rich in dermis (ideally gonad, or gastric tissue, or oral arms if they are not greatly thickened by mesoglea) until you have a quantity about half the size of your small finger. Preserve the tissue in excess 95% ethanol (i.e. about 10 times as much ethanol as tissue). Preserve the remainder of the medusa in 4-7% formalin-in-seawater such that the final concentration of formalin is 2-4%. Store the ethanol+tissue for 3-to-4 weeks in a refrigerator; invert the tube a few times to mix it every other day during the first week, then once or twice per week for the remaining few weeks. Finally, remove most of the liquid, pack the samples robustly (see shipping) and send the samples to the following address. 

&lt;br&gt; 

Dr. Michael N Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California, Merced&lt;br&gt;P.O. Box 2039&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95344&lt;br&gt;USA 

&lt;br&gt; 

We will sequence whole mtDNA and, separately from several specimens, COI and 16S using existing universal primers which we will compare with a broader sampling of taxa (see Global Phylogeography above) as an error-checking mechanism to make sure there is no contamination of samples. 

=== Why get involved?  ===

Due to the highly technical nature of this project, the small number of samples needed (a few individuals of each of the taxa listed in the table ), and the lack of requirement for additional field data, it is unlikely that people who are not involved in the laboratory or phylogenetic analyses can justifiably be authors on publications arising from this project. (But if you have many months to spare to learn sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, it could be a different story.) So, why get involved? The major reason is that sequencing and comparison of this diversity of mitochondrial genomes will make available an off-the-shelf 'toolkit' of molecular markers for answering questions ranging from those about the highest (class) to the finest (population) levels of biological organization for any and all medusozoa. This will be a dramatic advance, allowing convincing statements about very recent events affecting population connectivity, invasive species, genetic diversity of populations, etc., to be made for the first time. Such knowledge is essential to making strong arguments about many other facets of ecology, such as adaption and selection. The easiest way to apply the new markers to the species in which you're interested is to have it's whole mitochondrion sequenced, because then you know exactly which tools to pull out of the toolbox. So, the question, really, is why not get involved?&lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="20981">[[Image:CnidToL logo.jpg|border|right|The Cindarian Tree of Life Project]] 

== Cnidaria ATol  ==

Cnidaria AToL (CnidTol) is a five-year, collaborative project funded by the National Science 

Foundation under the &quot;Assembling the Tree of Life&quot; program. The overall goal of CnidToL is to significantly enhance our understanding of evolution in the Phylum Cnidaria. The CnidToL project will use an integrative, multi-level approach to investigating cnidarian evolution. The CnidToL team is comprised of PIs, co-PIs and contractors from eleven laboratories at nine institutions and also includes multiple international and U.S. collaborators within the cnidarian scientific community. Through a collaborative effort, we will generate extensive molecular and morphological datasets that will be used to reconstruct phylogenetic hypothesis of cnidarian relationships. Molecular data will include mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA plus nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA; we anticipate a total of 10+ molecular markers. One aspect of morphology that will be examined in detail is the diversity of nematocysts (stinging cells); in turn the utility of these anatomical data for phylogenetic analyses will be evaluated. In addition, we will develop laboratory culture conditions for several different cnidarian species representing a broad phylogenetic sampling in an effort to develop new model organisms amenable for future in-depth developmental, life-history, and morphological studies. ([http://cnidarian.info/ See the CnidToL homepage]) 

Training and outreach are important components of the CnidToL project. An online database will include a catalogue of species, bibliography of literature in which they were described, inventory of type specimens, distribution maps, and images (see cnidarian.info). In addition, all of the molecular and morphological datasets generated from this project will be included in the CnidToL database. Undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral training and outreach to K-12 educators will also be a prominent component to this project.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Overview  ===

Over the next 5 years, we aim to gather large amounts of DNA sequence data accompanied by voucher specimens to assemble as robust a phylogeny of the scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) as possible, including understanding the evolution of scyphozoans relative to cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. Important goals of the project are to establish collaborations that will (1) support new international projects, (2) enable the diverse taxonomic sampling essential to success of the project, and (3) develop the robust global community essential for continuing rapid progress during and after the project. 

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

=== Collecting  ===

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species). 

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water. 

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin. 

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name. 

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge. 

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

[http://www2.eve.ucdavis.edu/mndawson/tS/Res/Methods.html Additional instructions for sampling and photographing medusae.] 

=== Sending Samples  ===

Keep the samples for at least a few weeks after collection to ensure they are well preserved. Please send ethanol-preserved samples for DNA analysis separate from formalin-preserved samples for morphological analysis. 

The small vials of 95% ethanol with tissue for DNA analysis can be wrapped in a couple of plastic bags, sealed, put in a padded envelope or box, and mailed safely. 

The specimens in 4% formalin should be placed in small, non-breakable (e.g. plastic bag, or plastic bottle), containers with sufficient space to fit the animal and just enough liquid to stop it getting damaged in transit. Remove all air from the container to minimize damage in transit. Make sure the container is well-sealed, then seal it another 3 times in additional bags. Pack the sample with plenty of cushioning inside a box. 

Include a note in the box stating the point of origin and destination of the package, and a statement that it is a sample for scientific purposes. This will help it pass through customs easily if the package is checked by a customs officer. 

All samples should be mailed to: Dr. Paulyn Cartwright, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, phone: 785/864-4432, fax: 785/864-5860&lt;br&gt; 

=== Taxonomic Scope  ===

All species of scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) plus a broad sampling of cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Expenses  ===

CnidToL will cover moderate costs associated with sampling and shipping specimens. This can include (1) a small pre-payment of up to a few hundred US$$ if funds are needed before sampling and shipping, or (2) reimbursement of costs after sampling and shipping. Payment of costs by CnidToL will require providing a budget (for pre-payments), receipts (for reimbursements), institutional information for transfer of funds, and signing a contract with Kansas University [a formality to ensure everybody's obligations to the project are clear]. For information on pre-payments and reimbursements and the contract, please contact the CnidToL project leader Dr. Paulyn Cartwright pcart@ku.edu&lt;br&gt; 

=== Publications  ===

The arrangement proposed is that each colleague and the relevant medusozoan specialist (e.g. Allen Collins, Mike Dawson, Antonio Marques) will write a manuscript describing the medusae that you contribute to the project. This most likely would take the form of a regional summary of collections or a taxonomic paper on which you would be the lead author and to which we could contribute taxonomic expertise, DNA analyses, some writing and/or figure preparation, editing, etc., as appropriate on a paper-by-paper basis. CnidToL would then also use the sequences and vouchers in analyses of higher-level taxa. Thus, if you make many collections in particular taxonomic groups, we can discuss additional co-authorships on systematic/phylogenetic papers to which those samples contribute significantly. Please feel welcome to discuss this or other appropriate arrangements with each CnidToL specialist with whom you collaborate. 

=== Contact  ===

If you are interested in more information or want to discuss potential collaborations and/or contributions to the project, please contact the most relevant point-person listed below. A general description of the framework for collaborations on medusozoans follows the list of cnidarian personnel. 

'''Actiniarians and nematocysts:''' Meg Daly, daly.66@osu.edu 

'''Culturing new model organisms:''' Neil Blackstone, neilb@niu.edu 

'''Data analyses:''' Dan Janies, janies-1@medctr.osu.edu 

'''Database development:&amp;nbsp;'''Daphne Fautin, fautin@ku.edu 

'''Hydra: '''Daniel Mart’nez, dmartinez@pomona.edu 

'''Hydrozoans: ''' Paulyn Cartwright, pcart@ku.edu 

'''Hexacorals:''' Sandra Romano, sromano@uvi.edu 

'''Medusozoans:''' Allen Collins, CollinsA@si.edu 

'''Molecular marker development:''' Cliff Cunningham, cliff@duke.edu; Bernie Ball, bernie.ball@duke.edu 

'''Octocorals: '''Cathy McFadden, mcfadden@hmc.edu 

'''Scyphozoans: '''Mike Dawson, mdawson@ucmerced.edu 

----

Please ensure that you have all necessary permits for collecting and shipping samples. Please abide by postal regulations (in most cases, mailing very small quantities of ethanol and 4% formalin is OK when packed appropriately). We encourage you to also deposit specimens in 4% formalin with your regional museum. If your collaboration with CnidToL can be used to leverage additional support from your home institution or national funding agencies that will contribute to your own work and to the CnidToL project please contact us for letters of support. 

If you have any questions regarding collaboration on the project or about scyphozoan jellyfishes, please do not hesitate to contact Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. 

''Prepared by P. Cartwright and M. N Dawson'' 

=== Griffith University Workshop===

[[Image:CnidToLWorkGroup.jpg|thumb|right|Griffith Univeristy Workshop ]]

The Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) Workshop on Scyphozoa&lt;br&gt;Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia&lt;br&gt;28th June, 2007

'''Program''' 

9:30 a.m. - Welcome 

9:40 a.m. - Introduction to the CnidToL project 

9:50 a.m. - Aquaria, medusae, and polyps (C. Widmer) 

10:30 a.m. - Analyses of polyps (G. Jarms) 

11:00 a.m. - Morning tea 

11:30 a.m. - Morphometrics on medusae (M.N Dawson) 

12:00 p.m. - Lunch 

1:00 p.m. - Wet lab: Morphometrics on medusae (M.N Dawson) 

2:30 p.m. - Molecular phylogenetics (M.N Dawson) 

2:50 p.m. - Afternoon tea 

3:15 p.m. - Mitochondrial genomics (J.-S. Lee) 

4:00 p.m. - Discussion &amp;amp; FAQ 

4:30 p.m. - Close&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;

== Global Phylogeography  ==

Phylogeny and Biogeography of Scyphozoa and Discomedusae; Michael N Dawson, et al.

=== Outline ===

Until early in this century, Aurelia aurita was considered to be an ecological generalist distributed circumglobally between about 70° N and 50° S. Molecular analyses demonstrated that this was not the case; there are at least 14 species of Aurelia found in different regions of the world, each presumably adapted to local conditions. A similar story can be told about Cyanea capillata, and probably many other widely distributed taxa. The probable preponderance of cryptic species is a problem because we know little about a species unless we know it's boundaries; we cannot know where it's distribution ends, how short or far it disperses, its upper or lower temperature tolerances, how much it eats, what it can eat, it's metabolic rate, grow rate, fecundity, it's ecological impact, whether it blooms, or is invasice, etc. This project - at the nexus of CnidToL and REVSYS - aims to increase our knowledge of species boundaries by sampling many scyphozoan taxa from many locations around the world. The preliminary map of species distributions that results will provide a template for reinterpreting the ecological data that has been collected over many decades on many species in its appropriate taxonomic context. Thus, each person has the potential to know the species they are working with, its true characteristics, and how it differs from other closely (or distantly) related species ... the essence of any comparative biology or study of biodiversity.

=== Methods  ===

Target species are listed in the Systematics pages of The Scyphozoan (see especially [[Coronatae]], [[Rhizostomeae]], [[Semaeostomeae]]), as are the samples collected to date and their locations. If you can contribute any additional specimens, please contact Mike Dawson (mdawson AT ucmerced DOT edu). The protocol for preservation of samples is a slight modification of the standard protocol for CnidToL, as follows. 

Collecting up to 10 specimens using your standard procedure, rinse the bell margin or oral arms that you will sample with clean water. Biopsy a piece of tissue rich in dermis that is about half the size of your small finger-nail. Preserve the tissue in excess 95% ethanol (i.e. about 10 times as much ethanol as tissue) in a screw-cap, o-ring, 2 ml vial. Preserve the remainder of the medusa in 4-7% formalin-in-seawater such that the final concentration of formalin is 2-4%. Store the ethanol+tissue in a freezer until you are ready to send it to CnidToL; allow the specimen in formalin to 'fix' for at least 3-4 weeks before sending to CnidToL. When ready, pack the samples robustly ([[shipping information and details]]) and send them to one of the two following address (Contact Mike to ask which is most appropriate for the specimens in hand).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Dr. Paulyn Cartwright,&lt;br&gt;Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,&lt;br&gt;Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave.,&lt;br&gt;University of Kansas, Lawrence,&lt;br&gt;KS 66045, USA 

or 

Dr. Michael N Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California, Merced&lt;br&gt;P.O. Box 2039&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95344&lt;br&gt;USA

=== Why get involved? ===

In addition to being able to identify which species you are working with, this project offers multiple opportunities for collaboration and co-authorship. A single species might be collected from multiple locations for a regional phylogeographic study (samples from different environments, or on different sides of a supposed biogeographic boundary are particularly interesting), or multiple species might be collected from a single region (for a biodiversity survey), or multiple species might be collected from multiple regions for a biogeographic study. All of these studies might additionally lead to descriptions of new species or other taxonomic revisions.&lt;br&gt;

== &lt;br&gt;Cnidarian Mitogenomics&lt;br&gt;  ==

Emphases on Scyphozoa and Discomedusae; Jae-Seong Lee, Michael N Dawson, et al. 

=== Outline  ===

Comparison of mitochondrial genomes offers one perspective (the whole mitochondrion is typically considered a single genetic 'locus') on the phylogeny of organisms. That perspective is seen with two eyes, one sees the pattern of genome structure, the other the pattern of sequence differences. Our mutual interests in these two aspects led to the initiation of this collaborative project. The goal is to document the changes in genome structure with evolution of Medusozoa and to reconstruct a robust mitochondrial-based hypothesis of phylogeny in Cnidaria, particularly Scyphozoa, with emphasis on Discomedusae (= Semaeostomeae + Rhizostomeae). 

=== Methods  ===

At this stage, we are gathering tissue samples for sequencing. Target species are listed in the table below. Those without brackets have been collected (and sequenced if bold), those in brackets are required (in some cases other taxa will be used instead), and &quot;??&quot; indicates that any species from that family is acceptable and is still needed. If you can contribute any of these specimens, please contact Mike Dawson (mdawson AT ucmerced DOT edu). The protocol for preservation of samples is a slight modification of the standard protocol for CnidToL, as follows. 

{| cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;width: 512px; height: 551px;&quot; summary=&quot;These are the target species for tissue samples for sequencing. Those without brackets have been collected (and sequenced if bold), those in brackets are required, and &amp;quot;??&quot;
|+ '''Target Species for Tisse Sampling&lt;br&gt;''' 
|-
| '''CLASS&lt;br&gt;''' 
| '''ORDER'''&lt;br&gt; 
| '''FAMILY'''&lt;br&gt; 
| '''Source of Genus Species'''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| ANTHOZOA&lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''&amp;gt; 20 in GenBank&lt;br&gt;''
|-
| STAUROZOA &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Eleutherocarpidae&lt;br&gt; 
| ''?? (Halyclistus) ''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Cleistocarpidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;?? ''(Craterolophus) ''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| CUBOZOA&lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Carybdeidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Chirodropidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| HYDROZOA&lt;br&gt; 
| LEPTOTHECATA&lt;br&gt; 
| Aequoreidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;?? (''Aequorea)''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| TRACHYMEDUSAE&lt;br&gt; 
| Rhopalonematidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;?? ''(Aglantha)''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| SCYPHOZOA&lt;br&gt; 
| CORONATAE&lt;br&gt; 
| Periphyllidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;?? ''(Periphylla periphylla) ''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Linuchidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;?? ''(Linuche) ''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| SEMAEOSTOMEAE&lt;br&gt; 
| Cyaneidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Pelagiidae''&lt;br&gt;'' 
| '''''Chrysaora (Dactylometra) quinquecirrha**'''''&lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| '''&lt;br&gt;''' 
| Ulmaridae'''&lt;br&gt;''' 
| '''''Aurelia aurita*, Aurelia sp.1**'''''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| RHIZOSTOMEAE&lt;br&gt; 
| Cassiopeidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;??''(Cassiopea)''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Catostylidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Cepheidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;?? ''(Cotylorhiza)''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Lychnorhizidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Lobonematidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Mastigiidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;?? ''(Mastigias)''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Rhizostomatidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Stomolophidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;??&lt;br&gt;
|}

&lt;br&gt;

* Shao Z., S. Graf, O.Y. Chaga, &amp;amp; D.V. Lavrov (2006) Mitochondrial genome of the moon jelly Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa): a linear DNA molecule encoding a putative DNA-dependent DNA polymerase. Gene 381: 92-101. [GenBank NC_008446]&lt;br&gt;** Jae-Seong Lee &amp;amp; colleagues (unpublished data)&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

After collecting the specimen(s) using your standard procedure, place it (each) in a large bucket of seawater filtered through 20-80 um plankton mesh. Keep the medusa there for 24-36 hours so that it clears its gut of prey, thus removing that potential source of contamination. Then, dissect out tissues rich in dermis (ideally gonad, or gastric tissue, or oral arms if they are not greatly thickened by mesoglea) until you have a quantity about half the size of your small finger. Preserve the tissue in excess 95% ethanol (i.e. about 10 times as much ethanol as tissue). Preserve the remainder of the medusa in 4-7% formalin-in-seawater such that the final concentration of formalin is 2-4%. Store the ethanol+tissue for 3-to-4 weeks in a refrigerator; invert the tube a few times to mix it every other day during the first week, then once or twice per week for the remaining few weeks. Finally, remove most of the liquid, pack the samples robustly (see shipping) and send the samples to the following address. 

&lt;br&gt; 

Dr. Michael N Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California, Merced&lt;br&gt;P.O. Box 2039&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95344&lt;br&gt;USA 

&lt;br&gt; 

We will sequence whole mtDNA and, separately from several specimens, COI and 16S using existing universal primers which we will compare with a broader sampling of taxa (see Global Phylogeography above) as an error-checking mechanism to make sure there is no contamination of samples.

=== Why get involved?  ===

Due to the highly technical nature of this project, the small number of samples needed (a few individuals of each of the taxa listed in the table ), and the lack of requirement for additional field data, it is unlikely that people who are not involved in the laboratory or phylogenetic analyses can justifiably be authors on publications arising from this project. (But if you have many months to spare to learn sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, it could be a different story.) So, why get involved? The major reason is that sequencing and comparison of this diversity of mitochondrial genomes will make available an off-the-shelf 'toolkit' of molecular markers for answering questions ranging from those about the highest (class) to the finest (population) levels of biological organization for any and all medusozoa. This will be a dramatic advance, allowing convincing statements about very recent events affecting population connectivity, invasive species, genetic diversity of populations, etc., to be made for the first time. Such knowledge is essential to making strong arguments about many other facets of ecology, such as adaption and selection. The easiest way to apply the new markers to the species in which you're interested is to have it's whole mitochondrion sequenced, because then you know exactly which tools to pull out of the toolbox. So, the question, really, is why not get involved?&lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="21004">[[Image:CnidToL logo.jpg|border|right|The Cindarian Tree of Life Project]] 

== Cnidaria ATol  ==

Cnidaria AToL (CnidTol) is a five-year, collaborative project funded by the National Science 

Foundation under the &quot;Assembling the Tree of Life&quot; program. The overall goal of CnidToL is to significantly enhance our understanding of evolution in the Phylum Cnidaria. The CnidToL project will use an integrative, multi-level approach to investigating cnidarian evolution. The CnidToL team is comprised of PIs, co-PIs and contractors from eleven laboratories at nine institutions and also includes multiple international and U.S. collaborators within the cnidarian scientific community. Through a collaborative effort, we will generate extensive molecular and morphological datasets that will be used to reconstruct phylogenetic hypothesis of cnidarian relationships. Molecular data will include mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA plus nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA; we anticipate a total of 10+ molecular markers. One aspect of morphology that will be examined in detail is the diversity of nematocysts (stinging cells); in turn the utility of these anatomical data for phylogenetic analyses will be evaluated. In addition, we will develop laboratory culture conditions for several different cnidarian species representing a broad phylogenetic sampling in an effort to develop new model organisms amenable for future in-depth developmental, life-history, and morphological studies. ([http://cnidarian.info/ See the CnidToL homepage]) 

Training and outreach are important components of the CnidToL project. An online database will include a catalogue of species, bibliography of literature in which they were described, inventory of type specimens, distribution maps, and images (see cnidarian.info). In addition, all of the molecular and morphological datasets generated from this project will be included in the CnidToL database. Undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral training and outreach to K-12 educators will also be a prominent component to this project.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Overview  ===

Over the next 5 years, we aim to gather large amounts of DNA sequence data accompanied by voucher specimens to assemble as robust a phylogeny of the scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) as possible, including understanding the evolution of scyphozoans relative to cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae. Important goals of the project are to establish collaborations that will (1) support new international projects, (2) enable the diverse taxonomic sampling essential to success of the project, and (3) develop the robust global community essential for continuing rapid progress during and after the project. 

The following text provides information on the logistics of collaborating on, or contributing to, the project. It is intended as a general guide that should be sufficiently flexible to fit a variety of circumstances. If you have questions or suggestions specific to your circumstances, please write to Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. Our goal is to foster long-term, fruitful, mutually beneficial research partnerships. 

=== Collecting  ===

If medusae are large, a small subsample of tissue (one or a few pieces, total ~10-50 cubic mm volume) can be biopsied from the specimen, then placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol. The remainder of the specimen should then be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water (i.e. seawater if it is a marine species, estuary water if it is an estuarine species). 

If medusae are small, samples for DNA and morphological analyses can be taken from different individuals if you can be absolutely sure that the different individuals are the same species. Again, samples for DNA analyses should be placed in a vial with excess (1 ml) 95% ethanol; samples for morphological analysis should be placed in excess 4% formalin in ambient salinity water. 

Ideally, several medusae of a range of sizes should be sampled for DNA and morphological analyses. If only one large specimen is found, it can be treated as noted above. If only one small specimen is found, it would be best if roughly one quarter of the animal (not including the mouth) is cut away and placed in 95% ethanol, with the rest placed in 4% formalin. 

Please individually label each specimen with an unique identifier and include information on collection locality, GPS coordinates if available, date of collection, your name. 

A small sample kit with all materials necessary for DNA preservation can be sent to you free of charge. 

If possible, please take photographs of the medusae in the water and/or in tanks; photograph the whole medusae, and when possible also the fine structure of the bell, tentacles, and oral arms. 

[http://www2.eve.ucdavis.edu/mndawson/tS/Res/Methods.html Additional instructions for sampling and photographing medusae.] 

=== Sending Samples  ===

Keep the samples for at least a few weeks after collection to ensure they are well preserved. Please send ethanol-preserved samples for DNA analysis separate from formalin-preserved samples for morphological analysis. 

The small vials of 95% ethanol with tissue for DNA analysis can be wrapped in a couple of plastic bags, sealed, put in a padded envelope or box, and mailed safely. 

The specimens in 4% formalin should be placed in small, non-breakable (e.g. plastic bag, or plastic bottle), containers with sufficient space to fit the animal and just enough liquid to stop it getting damaged in transit. Remove all air from the container to minimize damage in transit. Make sure the container is well-sealed, then seal it another 3 times in additional bags. Pack the sample with plenty of cushioning inside a box. 

Include a note in the box stating the point of origin and destination of the package, and a statement that it is a sample for scientific purposes. This will help it pass through customs easily if the package is checked by a customs officer. 

All samples should be mailed to: Dr. Paulyn Cartwright, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, phone: 785/864-4432, fax: 785/864-5860&lt;br&gt; 

=== Taxonomic Scope  ===

All species of scyphomedusae (coronates, rhizostomes, semaeostomes) plus a broad sampling of cubomedusae, hydromedusae, and stauromedusae.&lt;br&gt; 

=== Expenses  ===

CnidToL will cover moderate costs associated with sampling and shipping specimens. This can include (1) a small pre-payment of up to a few hundred US$$ if funds are needed before sampling and shipping, or (2) reimbursement of costs after sampling and shipping. Payment of costs by CnidToL will require providing a budget (for pre-payments), receipts (for reimbursements), institutional information for transfer of funds, and signing a contract with Kansas University [a formality to ensure everybody's obligations to the project are clear]. For information on pre-payments and reimbursements and the contract, please contact the CnidToL project leader Dr. Paulyn Cartwright pcart@ku.edu&lt;br&gt; 

=== Publications  ===

The arrangement proposed is that each colleague and the relevant medusozoan specialist (e.g. Allen Collins, Mike Dawson, Antonio Marques) will write a manuscript describing the medusae that you contribute to the project. This most likely would take the form of a regional summary of collections or a taxonomic paper on which you would be the lead author and to which we could contribute taxonomic expertise, DNA analyses, some writing and/or figure preparation, editing, etc., as appropriate on a paper-by-paper basis. CnidToL would then also use the sequences and vouchers in analyses of higher-level taxa. Thus, if you make many collections in particular taxonomic groups, we can discuss additional co-authorships on systematic/phylogenetic papers to which those samples contribute significantly. Please feel welcome to discuss this or other appropriate arrangements with each CnidToL specialist with whom you collaborate. 

=== Contact  ===

If you are interested in more information or want to discuss potential collaborations and/or contributions to the project, please contact the most relevant point-person listed below. A general description of the framework for collaborations on medusozoans follows the list of cnidarian personnel. 

'''Actiniarians and nematocysts:''' Meg Daly, daly.66@osu.edu 

'''Culturing new model organisms:''' Neil Blackstone, neilb@niu.edu 

'''Data analyses:''' Dan Janies, janies-1@medctr.osu.edu 

'''Database development:&amp;nbsp;'''Daphne Fautin, fautin@ku.edu 

'''Hydra: '''Daniel Mart’nez, dmartinez@pomona.edu 

'''Hydrozoans: ''' Paulyn Cartwright, pcart@ku.edu 

'''Hexacorals:''' Sandra Romano, sromano@uvi.edu 

'''Medusozoans:''' Allen Collins, CollinsA@si.edu 

'''Molecular marker development:''' Cliff Cunningham, cliff@duke.edu; Bernie Ball, bernie.ball@duke.edu 

'''Octocorals: '''Cathy McFadden, mcfadden@hmc.edu 

'''Scyphozoans: '''Mike Dawson, mdawson@ucmerced.edu 

----

Please ensure that you have all necessary permits for collecting and shipping samples. Please abide by postal regulations (in most cases, mailing very small quantities of ethanol and 4% formalin is OK when packed appropriately). We encourage you to also deposit specimens in 4% formalin with your regional museum. If your collaboration with CnidToL can be used to leverage additional support from your home institution or national funding agencies that will contribute to your own work and to the CnidToL project please contact us for letters of support. 

If you have any questions regarding collaboration on the project or about scyphozoan jellyfishes, please do not hesitate to contact Mike Dawson mdawson@ucmerced.edu. 

''Prepared by P. Cartwright and M. N Dawson'' 

=== Griffith University Workshop===

[[Image:CnidToLWorkGroup.jpg|thumb|right|Griffith Univeristy Workshop ]]

The Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) Workshop on Scyphozoa&lt;br&gt;Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia&lt;br&gt;28th June, 2007

'''Program''' 

9:30 a.m. - Welcome 

9:40 a.m. - Introduction to the CnidToL project 

9:50 a.m. - Aquaria, medusae, and polyps (C. Widmer) 

10:30 a.m. - Analyses of polyps (G. Jarms) 

11:00 a.m. - Morning tea 

11:30 a.m. - Morphometrics on medusae (M.N Dawson) 

12:00 p.m. - Lunch 

1:00 p.m. - Wet lab: Morphometrics on medusae (M.N Dawson) 

2:30 p.m. - Molecular phylogenetics (M.N Dawson) 

2:50 p.m. - Afternoon tea 

3:15 p.m. - Mitochondrial genomics (J.-S. Lee) 

4:00 p.m. - Discussion &amp;amp; FAQ 

4:30 p.m. - Close&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;

== Global Phylogeography  ==

Phylogeny and Biogeography of Scyphozoa and Discomedusae; Michael N Dawson, et al.

=== Outline ===

Until early in this century, Aurelia aurita was considered to be an ecological generalist distributed circumglobally between about 70° N and 50° S. Molecular analyses demonstrated that this was not the case; there are at least 14 species of Aurelia found in different regions of the world, each presumably adapted to local conditions. A similar story can be told about Cyanea capillata, and probably many other widely distributed taxa. The probable preponderance of cryptic species is a problem because we know little about a species unless we know it's boundaries; we cannot know where it's distribution ends, how short or far it disperses, its upper or lower temperature tolerances, how much it eats, what it can eat, it's metabolic rate, grow rate, fecundity, it's ecological impact, whether it blooms, or is invasice, etc. This project - at the nexus of CnidToL and REVSYS - aims to increase our knowledge of species boundaries by sampling many scyphozoan taxa from many locations around the world. The preliminary map of species distributions that results will provide a template for reinterpreting the ecological data that has been collected over many decades on many species in its appropriate taxonomic context. Thus, each person has the potential to know the species they are working with, its true characteristics, and how it differs from other closely (or distantly) related species ... the essence of any comparative biology or study of biodiversity.

=== Methods  ===

Target species are listed in the Systematics pages of The Scyphozoan (see especially [[Coronatae]], [[Rhizostomeae]], [[Semaeostomeae]]), as are the samples collected to date and their locations. If you can contribute any additional specimens, please contact Mike Dawson (mdawson AT ucmerced DOT edu). The protocol for preservation of samples is a slight modification of the standard protocol for CnidToL, as follows. 

Collecting up to 10 specimens using your standard procedure, rinse the bell margin or oral arms that you will sample with clean water. Biopsy a piece of tissue rich in dermis that is about half the size of your small finger-nail. Preserve the tissue in excess 95% ethanol (i.e. about 10 times as much ethanol as tissue) in a screw-cap, o-ring, 2 ml vial. Preserve the remainder of the medusa in 4-7% formalin-in-seawater such that the final concentration of formalin is 2-4%. Store the ethanol+tissue in a freezer until you are ready to send it to CnidToL; allow the specimen in formalin to 'fix' for at least 3-4 weeks before sending to CnidToL. When ready, pack the samples robustly ([[shipping information and details]]) and send them to one of the two following address (Contact Mike to ask which is most appropriate for the specimens in hand).&lt;br&gt; 

&lt;br&gt;Dr. Paulyn Cartwright,&lt;br&gt;Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,&lt;br&gt;Haworth Hall, RM 7016, 1200 Sunnyside Ave.,&lt;br&gt;University of Kansas, Lawrence,&lt;br&gt;KS 66045, USA 

or 

Dr. Michael N Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California, Merced&lt;br&gt;P.O. Box 2039&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95344&lt;br&gt;USA

=== Why get involved? ===

In addition to being able to identify which species you are working with, this project offers multiple opportunities for collaboration and co-authorship. A single species might be collected from multiple locations for a regional phylogeographic study (samples from different environments, or on different sides of a supposed biogeographic boundary are particularly interesting), or multiple species might be collected from a single region (for a biodiversity survey), or multiple species might be collected from multiple regions for a biogeographic study. All of these studies might additionally lead to descriptions of new species or other taxonomic revisions.&lt;br&gt;

== &lt;br&gt;Cnidarian Mitogenomics&lt;br&gt;  ==

Emphases on Scyphozoa and Discomedusae; Jae-Seong Lee, Michael N Dawson, et al. 

=== Outline  ===

Comparison of mitochondrial genomes offers one perspective (the whole mitochondrion is typically considered a single genetic 'locus') on the phylogeny of organisms. That perspective is seen with two eyes, one sees the pattern of genome structure, the other the pattern of sequence differences. Our mutual interests in these two aspects led to the initiation of this collaborative project. The goal is to document the changes in genome structure with evolution of Medusozoa and to reconstruct a robust mitochondrial-based hypothesis of phylogeny in Cnidaria, particularly Scyphozoa, with emphasis on Discomedusae (= Semaeostomeae + Rhizostomeae). 

=== Methods  ===

At this stage, we are gathering tissue samples for sequencing. Target species are listed in the table below. Those without brackets have been collected (and sequenced if bold), those in brackets are required (in some cases other taxa will be used instead), and &quot;??&quot; indicates that any species from that family is acceptable and is still needed. If you can contribute any of these specimens, please contact Mike Dawson (mdawson AT ucmerced DOT edu). The protocol for preservation of samples is a slight modification of the standard protocol for CnidToL, as follows. 

{| cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;width: 512px; height: 551px;&quot; summary=&quot;These are the target species for tissue samples for sequencing. Those without brackets have been collected (and sequenced if bold), those in brackets are required, and &amp;quot;??&quot;
|+ '''Target Species for Tisse Sampling&lt;br&gt;''' 
|-
| '''CLASS&lt;br&gt;''' 
| '''ORDER'''&lt;br&gt; 
| '''FAMILY'''&lt;br&gt; 
| '''Source of Genus Species'''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| ANTHOZOA&lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| ''&amp;gt; 20 in GenBank&lt;br&gt;''
|-
| STAUROZOA &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Eleutherocarpidae&lt;br&gt; 
| ''?? (Halyclistus) ''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Cleistocarpidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;?? ''(Craterolophus) ''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| CUBOZOA&lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Carybdeidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Chirodropidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| HYDROZOA&lt;br&gt; 
| LEPTOTHECATA&lt;br&gt; 
| Aequoreidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;?? (''Aequorea)''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| TRACHYMEDUSAE&lt;br&gt; 
| Rhopalonematidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;?? ''(Aglantha)''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| SCYPHOZOA&lt;br&gt; 
| CORONATAE&lt;br&gt; 
| Periphyllidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;?? ''(Periphylla periphylla) ''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Linuchidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;?? ''(Linuche) ''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| SEMAEOSTOMEAE&lt;br&gt; 
| Cyaneidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Pelagiidae''&lt;br&gt;'' 
| '''''Chrysaora (Dactylometra) quinquecirrha**'''''&lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| '''&lt;br&gt;''' 
| Ulmaridae'''&lt;br&gt;''' 
| '''''Aurelia aurita*, Aurelia sp.1**'''''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| RHIZOSTOMEAE&lt;br&gt; 
| Cassiopeidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;??''(Cassiopea)''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Catostylidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Cepheidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;?? ''(Cotylorhiza)''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Lychnorhizidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Lobonematidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Mastigiidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;?? ''(Mastigias)''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Rhizostomatidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;??&lt;br&gt;
|-
| &lt;br&gt; 
| &lt;br&gt; 
| Stomolophidae&lt;br&gt; 
| &amp;nbsp;??&lt;br&gt;
|}

&lt;br&gt;

* Shao Z., S. Graf, O.Y. Chaga, &amp;amp; D.V. Lavrov (2006) Mitochondrial genome of the moon jelly Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa): a linear DNA molecule encoding a putative DNA-dependent DNA polymerase. Gene 381: 92-101. [GenBank NC_008446]&lt;br&gt;** Jae-Seong Lee &amp;amp; colleagues (unpublished data)&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 

After collecting the specimen(s) using your standard procedure, place it (each) in a large bucket of seawater filtered through 20-80 um plankton mesh. Keep the medusa there for 24-36 hours so that it clears its gut of prey, thus removing that potential source of contamination. Then, dissect out tissues rich in dermis (ideally gonad, or gastric tissue, or oral arms if they are not greatly thickened by mesoglea) until you have a quantity about half the size of your small finger. Preserve the tissue in excess 95% ethanol (i.e. about 10 times as much ethanol as tissue). Preserve the remainder of the medusa in 4-7% formalin-in-seawater such that the final concentration of formalin is 2-4%. Store the ethanol+tissue for 3-to-4 weeks in a refrigerator; invert the tube a few times to mix it every other day during the first week, then once or twice per week for the remaining few weeks. Finally, remove most of the liquid, pack the samples robustly (see shipping) and send the samples to the following address. 

&lt;br&gt; 

Dr. Michael N Dawson&lt;br&gt;School of Natural Sciences&lt;br&gt;University of California, Merced&lt;br&gt;P.O. Box 2039&lt;br&gt;Merced, CA 95344&lt;br&gt;USA 

&lt;br&gt; 

We will sequence whole mtDNA and, separately from several specimens, COI and 16S using existing universal primers which we will compare with a broader sampling of taxa (see Global Phylogeography above) as an error-checking mechanism to make sure there is no contamination of samples.

=== Why get involved?  ===

Due to the highly technical nature of this project, the small number of samples needed (a few individuals of each of the taxa listed in the table ), and the lack of requirement for additional field data, it is unlikely that people who are not involved in the laboratory or phylogenetic analyses can justifiably be authors on publications arising from this project. (But if you have many months to spare to learn sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, it could be a different story.) So, why get involved? The major reason is that sequencing and comparison of this diversity of mitochondrial genomes will make available an off-the-shelf 'toolkit' of molecular markers for answering questions ranging from those about the highest (class) to the finest (population) levels of biological organization for any and all medusozoa. This will be a dramatic advance, allowing convincing statements about very recent events affecting population connectivity, invasive species, genetic diversity of populations, etc., to be made for the first time. Such knowledge is essential to making strong arguments about many other facets of ecology, such as adaption and selection. The easiest way to apply the new markers to the species in which you're interested is to have it's whole mitochondrion sequenced, because then you know exactly which tools to pull out of the toolbox. So, the question, really, is why not get involved?&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Taxonomy]]</text>
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    <title>Ulmaridae</title>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>7</id>
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      <comment>New page: '''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''  Semaeostomeae with simple or branched radial canals and a ring-canal; with or without subgenital pits.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="159">'''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''

Semaeostomeae with simple or branched radial canals and a ring-canal; with or without subgenital pits.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="183">'''Characteristics of the Family   (from Kramp 1961)'''

Semaeostomeae with simple or branched radial canals and a ring-canal; with or without subgenital pits.

[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User contributions</title>
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      <comment>New page: == Contributors ==  Site content has been contributed by ... (in alphabetical order by surname, given names, affiliation/address)  *Bell, Lori J. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Pal...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2609">== Contributors ==

Site content has been contributed by ...
(in alphabetical order by surname, given names, affiliation/address)

*Bell, Lori J. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau.
*Bolton, Toby. Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama, USA.
*Cartwright, Paulyn. University of Kansas, USA.
*Collins, Allen G. Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover ITZ, Division of Ecology &amp; Evolution, Hannover, Germany. The Smithsonian, Washington DC, USA.
*Colin, Pat L. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau.
*Daryanabard, Reza. Offshore Fisheries Research Center, Chabahr, Iran.
*Dawson, Michael N. School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA.
*Gershwin, Lisa A. James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.
*Graham, William M. Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama, USA.
*Hingston, Martin. Universität Hamburg, Deutschland.
*Jarms, Gerhard. Universität Hamburg, Deutschland.
*Johnson, Jeanette. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands.
*Johnson, Scott. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands.
*Kawahara, Masato. Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan.
*Kennedy, Fergus. Adelphi Environmental, Seeb, Oman.
*Lee, Chao-Chuan. Institute of Animal Prevention and Cure, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
*Lo, Wen-Tseng. Department of Marine Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
*Martin, Laura E. School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA.
*Mianzan, Hermes. INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
*Migotto, Alvaro E. Centro de Biologia Marinha da Universidade de Sao Paulo (CEBIMar-USP), Brasil.
*Morais, Zilda. Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Saude Sul, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.
*Morandini, André C. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil.
*Pagès, Francesc. Institut de Ciències del Mar, Barcelona, España.
*Paulay, Gustav. Florida Museum of Natural History, Florida, USA.
*Peach, Meredith. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
*Pitt, Kylie A. School of Environmental and Applied Sciences, Griffith University, Australia.
*Purcell, Jenny. Shannon Point Marine Center, Western Washington University, USA.
*Raskoff, Kevin A. Biology Department, Monterey Peninsula College, USA.
*Silveira, Fábio L. da. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil.
*Smith, Brian.
*Theusen, Erik V. The Evergreen State College, Olympia, Washington, USA.
*Uye, Shin-ichi. Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan.
*Widmer, Chad, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, USA.
*Wilson, Simon. Adelphi Environmental, Seeb, Oman.

'''Thank you!'''</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>834</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4524">== How to Contribute&lt;br&gt; ==

There are numerous ways to contribute to The Scyphozoan. You might wish to send a picture, provide samples, correct an error, describe how to identify a jellyfish, summarize geographic distributions, or many things more. Sometimes, a short e-mail including the relevant information sent to mdawson@ucmerced.edu will suffice. However, contributions may be more substantial. For these cases, some instructions are provided below to simplify the procedure for you and for the webmaster. If you are able to send web-pages ready made in the correct format, they will be gratefully received.



== Site Contributions&lt;br&gt;  ==

*Bell, Lori J. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau. 
*Bolton, Toby. Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama, USA. 
*Cartwright, Paulyn. University of Kansas, USA. 
*Collins, Allen G. Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover ITZ, Division of Ecology &amp;amp; Evolution, Hannover, Germany. The Smithsonian, Washington DC, USA. 
*Colin, Pat L. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau. 
*Daryanabard, Reza. Offshore Fisheries Research Center, Chabahr, Iran. 
*Dawson, Michael N. School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA. 
*Gershwin, Lisa A. James Cook University, Queensland, Australia. 
*Graham, William M. Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama, USA. 
*Hingston, Martin. Universität Hamburg, Deutschland. 
*Jarms, Gerhard. Universität Hamburg, Deutschland. 
*Johnson, Jeanette. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands. 
*Johnson, Scott. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands. 
*Kawahara, Masato. Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan. 
*Kennedy, Fergus. Adelphi Environmental, Seeb, Oman. 
*Lee, Chao-Chuan. Institute of Animal Prevention and Cure, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China. 
*Lo, Wen-Tseng. Department of Marine Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China. 
*Martin, Laura E. School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA. 
*Mianzan, Hermes. INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Argentina. 
*Migotto, Alvaro E. Centro de Biologia Marinha da Universidade de Sao Paulo (CEBIMar-USP), Brasil. 
*Morais, Zilda. Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Saude Sul, Monte de Caparica, Portugal. 
*Morandini, André C. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil. 
*Pagès, Francesc. Institut de Ciències del Mar, Barcelona, España. 
*Paulay, Gustav. Florida Museum of Natural History, Florida, USA. 
*Peach, Meredith. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia 
*Pitt, Kylie A. School of Environmental and Applied Sciences, Griffith University, Australia. 
*Purcell, Jenny. Shannon Point Marine Center, Western Washington University, USA. 
*Raskoff, Kevin A. Biology Department, Monterey Peninsula College, USA. 
*Silveira, Fábio L. da. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil. 
*Smith, Brian. 
*Theusen, Erik V. The Evergreen State College, Olympia, Washington, USA. 
*Uye, Shin-ichi. Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan. 
*Widmer, Chad, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, USA. 
*Wilson, Simon. Adelphi Environmental, Seeb, Oman.&lt;br&gt;

== Samples Contributions ==

*Bell, Lori J. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau.&lt;br&gt;
*Bolton, Toby. Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama, USA.&lt;br&gt;
*Colin, Pat L. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau.
*Daryanabard, Reza. Offshore Fisheries Research Center, Chabahr, Iran.
*Dawson, Michael N. Evolution &amp;amp; Ecology, University of California, Davis, USA.
*Kawahara, Masato. Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan.
*Lee, Chao-Chuan. Institute of Animal Prevention and Cure, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
*Lo, Wen-Tseng. Department of Marine Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
*Martin, Laura E. School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA.
*Mianzan, Hermes. INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
*Migotto, Alvaro E. Centro de Biologia Marinha da Universidade de Sao Paulo (CEBIMar-USP), Brasil.
*Morais, Zilda. Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Saude Sul, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.&lt;br&gt;
*Morandini, André C. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil.&lt;br&gt;
*Paulay, Gustav. Florida Museum of Natural History, Florida, USA.
*Pitt, Kylie A. School of Environmental and Applied Sciences, Griffith University, Australia.
*Raskoff, Kevin A. Biology Department, Monterey Peninsula College, USA.&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

'''Big THANK YOU to all our contriutors!'''&lt;br&gt;</text>
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        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="11202">== How to Contribute&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are numerous ways to contribute to The Scyphozoan. You might wish to send a picture, provide samples, correct an error, describe how to identify a jellyfish, summarize geographic distributions, or many things more. Sometimes, a short e-mail including the relevant information sent to mdawson@ucmerced.edu will suffice. However, contributions may be more substantial. For these cases, some instructions are provided below to simplify the procedure for you and for the webmaster. If you are able to send web-pages ready made in the correct format, they will be gratefully received. 

=== Biogeography [[Image:Worldmap.jpg|border|right|311x177px|Worldmap]]&lt;br&gt;  ===

#Use this world map template JPEG and save it to your disk.&lt;br&gt; 
#Use a suitable graphics program to draw species distributions. Save the modified figure as a JPEG. Please try to include all valid species in a single genus on one map. If there are many species with overlapping ranges, additional maps may be justified in the interests of clarity. Indicate sample locations with color-coded dots and inferred ranges as color-coded polygons (empty or filled). Double-check for errors. &lt;br&gt; 
#Write a concise caption explaining the figure in WORD and save as an HTML document. Include citations to the relevant literature, especially those upon which the figure is based. Check for factual, grammatical, and spelling errors.&lt;br&gt; 
#Scan the files with up-to-date anti-virus software, then send them as e-mail attachments to mdawson@ucmerced.edu.&lt;br&gt; 
#A web-page will be created including the figure and text you sent, a personal credit, and links to relevant pages within The Scyphozoan.&lt;br&gt; 
#See a finished example web-page: [[Aurelia]] biogeography.&lt;br&gt;

=== Taxonomy &lt;br&gt;  ===

The format of taxonomic contributions will vary with taxonomic level. At this time, we are most interested in two types of contribution. 

#Contributions that summarize the characteristics of higher taxa (Genus-Order). These should be accompanied by generalized diagrams when possible (JPEG format; 40 pixels/cm, 15 cm wide x 18 cm high) .&lt;br&gt; 
#Contributions that describe how to measure in detail, and quantitatively when possible, variation among species within genera. Diagrams indicating features and measurements must be included. In time, we hope to include data from such measurements in a searchable database allowing a wide range of comparative morphological and evolutionary analysis. As with other contributions, text should be written concisely in WORD and saved as an HTML document. Please include citations to the relevant literature, especially those from which the information has been abstracted. Check for factual, grammatical, and spelling errors.&lt;br&gt; 
#Scan the files with up-to-date anti-virus software, then send them as e-mail attachments to mndawson@ucdavis.edu.&lt;br&gt; 
#A web-page will be created including the figure and text you sent, a personal credit, and links to relevant pages within The Scyphozoan.

Browse the taxonomy pages (see the links at the front page) to see some examples including [[Aurelia]] and [[Mastigias]]. 

Please note, this is not a suitable venue for describing new species. 

=== Phylogeny [[Image:AureliaPhylogram.jpg|border|right|403x280px|Aurelia Phylogram]]&lt;br&gt;  ===

#Make a JPEG (40 pixels/cm; max 15 cm wide x 18 cm high) of the phylogeny, including measures of statistical support. The phylogeny should be based on published results. Double-check for errors. 
#Write a concise caption explaining the phylogeny in WORD and save as an HTML document. Include citations to the relevant literature, especially those upon which the figure is based. Check for factual, grammatical, and spelling errors. 
#Scan the files with up-to-date antivirus software, then send them as e-mail attachments to mndawson@ucdavis.edu. 
#A web-page will be made including the figure and text you sent, a personal credit, and links to relevant pages within The Scyphozoan.

See an example phylogeny: [[Aurelia]].

=== Behaviour &lt;br&gt; ===

Scyphozoans exhibit a wide range of behaviors, although most are poorly documented. We encourage contributions to this category, and hope it will become one of the more rapidly growing sections of The Scyphozoan.

We suggest the following keywords for for classifying contributions, simply as a guide and a management tool. Other contributions are welcome. Annotate contributions with multiple keywords if appropriate.

Migration

#subsection: vertical migration
#subsection: horizontal migration

Rheotaxis, Phototaxis, Thigmotaxis, Chemotaxis, and any other kind of taxis
*Aggregations and swarms
*Reproduction, Competition, Predation&lt;br&gt;

=== Ecology &lt;br&gt; ===

Ecological contributions will be diverse. As a starting point, we suggest contributions be considered in the categories below. This is not a comprehensive list. We expect to expand the scope of this section considerably in response to your suggestions and contributions.

*Coastal management

e.g. fisheries, species introductions, blooms

*Habitat
*Community structure

e.g. food webs, species diversity

*Symbioses

e.g. mutualism, parasitism, commensalism

*Predation, competition, etc.
*Life history&lt;br&gt;

=== Evolution &lt;br&gt; ===

Evolutionary studies necessarily draw upon other areas of study, including molecular biology, morphology, behavior, ecology, physiology, biogeography, and much more. Evolutionary contributions should therefore discuss changes in such attributes; the current status of the attributes can be described in other sections. Ideally, evolutionary contributions will be given context by discussing transitions in terms of a molecular phylogeny (or a reliable proxy therefore).&lt;br&gt;

=== Images &lt;br&gt; ===

Images should be in JPEG format. For the time being, files should be 40 pixels/cm, maximum 15 cm wide, and maximum 18 cm high, and we will adjust the size as required. In time, we will produce a list of file sizes specific to their use on the site. Please insert the appropriate credits into the figure. Scan the files with up-to-date anti-virus software, then send them as e-mail attachments to mndawson@ucdavis.edu.&lt;br&gt;

=== Notes&lt;br&gt;  ===

Notes&lt;br&gt;Please note that submitting a contribution does not guarantee its inclusion in the site. The Scyphozoan is intended to be a source of reliable information for a diverse audience. As such, each submission must be correct and easily accessible to people from a wide range of backgrounds. It should be consistent with similar pages already on the site. Although we hope it will not be necessary to check every submission for accuracy and clarity (we simply do not have time), we will reject any that obviously fail to meet the necessary standards (resubmitting a corrected version may be an option). Any details that appear unsubstantiated or debatable must be validated prior to submission (or perhaps included with the appropriate caveats). Remember, once included in the site, the information will be accessible to a very large number of people. If there is an error, it will be there for the world to see and somebody will find it. Worse, though, somebody (perhaps you) will perpetuate it. Please double-check, if not triple-check, all of the information. 

'''Thank you.'''&lt;br&gt; 

== Site Contributions&lt;br&gt;  ==

*Bell, Lori J. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau. 
*Bolton, Toby. Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama, USA. 
*Cartwright, Paulyn. University of Kansas, USA. 
*Collins, Allen G. Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover ITZ, Division of Ecology &amp;amp; Evolution, Hannover, Germany. The Smithsonian, Washington DC, USA. 
*Colin, Pat L. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau. 
*Daryanabard, Reza. Offshore Fisheries Research Center, Chabahr, Iran. 
*Dawson, Michael N. School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA. 
*Gershwin, Lisa A. James Cook University, Queensland, Australia. 
*Graham, William M. Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama, USA. 
*Hingston, Martin. Universität Hamburg, Deutschland. 
*Jarms, Gerhard. Universität Hamburg, Deutschland. 
*Johnson, Jeanette. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands. 
*Johnson, Scott. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands. 
*Kawahara, Masato. Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan. 
*Kennedy, Fergus. Adelphi Environmental, Seeb, Oman. 
*Lee, Chao-Chuan. Institute of Animal Prevention and Cure, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China. 
*Lo, Wen-Tseng. Department of Marine Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China. 
*Martin, Laura E. School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA. 
*Mianzan, Hermes. INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Argentina. 
*Migotto, Alvaro E. Centro de Biologia Marinha da Universidade de Sao Paulo (CEBIMar-USP), Brasil. 
*Morais, Zilda. Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Saude Sul, Monte de Caparica, Portugal. 
*Morandini, André C. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil. 
*Pagès, Francesc. Institut de Ciències del Mar, Barcelona, España. 
*Paulay, Gustav. Florida Museum of Natural History, Florida, USA. 
*Peach, Meredith. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia 
*Pitt, Kylie A. School of Environmental and Applied Sciences, Griffith University, Australia. 
*Purcell, Jenny. Shannon Point Marine Center, Western Washington University, USA. 
*Raskoff, Kevin A. Biology Department, Monterey Peninsula College, USA. 
*Silveira, Fábio L. da. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil. 
*Smith, Brian. 
*Theusen, Erik V. The Evergreen State College, Olympia, Washington, USA. 
*Uye, Shin-ichi. Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan. 
*Widmer, Chad, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, USA. 
*Wilson, Simon. Adelphi Environmental, Seeb, Oman.&lt;br&gt;

== Samples Contributions  ==

*Bell, Lori J. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau.&lt;br&gt; 
*Bolton, Toby. Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama, USA.&lt;br&gt; 
*Colin, Pat L. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau. 
*Daryanabard, Reza. Offshore Fisheries Research Center, Chabahr, Iran. 
*Dawson, Michael N. Evolution &amp;amp; Ecology, University of California, Davis, USA. 
*Kawahara, Masato. Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan. 
*Lee, Chao-Chuan. Institute of Animal Prevention and Cure, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China. 
*Lo, Wen-Tseng. Department of Marine Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China. 
*Martin, Laura E. School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA. 
*Mianzan, Hermes. INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Argentina. 
*Migotto, Alvaro E. Centro de Biologia Marinha da Universidade de Sao Paulo (CEBIMar-USP), Brasil. 
*Morais, Zilda. Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Saude Sul, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.&lt;br&gt; 
*Morandini, André C. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil.&lt;br&gt; 
*Paulay, Gustav. Florida Museum of Natural History, Florida, USA. 
*Pitt, Kylie A. School of Environmental and Applied Sciences, Griffith University, Australia. 
*Raskoff, Kevin A. Biology Department, Monterey Peninsula College, USA.&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Big THANK YOU to all our contriutors!'''&lt;br&gt;</text>
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      <id>837</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="11201">== How to Contribute&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are numerous ways to contribute to The Scyphozoan. You might wish to send a picture, provide samples, correct an error, describe how to identify a jellyfish, summarize geographic distributions, or many things more. Sometimes, a short e-mail including the relevant information sent to mdawson@ucmerced.edu will suffice. However, contributions may be more substantial. For these cases, some instructions are provided below to simplify the procedure for you and for the webmaster. If you are able to send web-pages ready made in the correct format, they will be gratefully received. 

=== Biogeography [[Image:Worldmap.jpg|border|right|311x177px|Worldmap]]&lt;br&gt;  ===

#Use this world map template JPEG and save it to your disk.&lt;br&gt; 
#Use a suitable graphics program to draw species distributions. Save the modified figure as a JPEG. Please try to include all valid species in a single genus on one map. If there are many species with overlapping ranges, additional maps may be justified in the interests of clarity. Indicate sample locations with color-coded dots and inferred ranges as color-coded polygons (empty or filled). Double-check for errors. &lt;br&gt; 
#Write a concise caption explaining the figure in WORD and save as an HTML document. Include citations to the relevant literature, especially those upon which the figure is based. Check for factual, grammatical, and spelling errors.&lt;br&gt; 
#Scan the files with up-to-date anti-virus software, then send them as e-mail attachments to mdawson@ucmerced.edu.&lt;br&gt; 
#A web-page will be created including the figure and text you sent, a personal credit, and links to relevant pages within The Scyphozoan.&lt;br&gt; 
#See a finished example web-page: [[Aurelia]] biogeography.&lt;br&gt;

=== Taxonomy &lt;br&gt;  ===

The format of taxonomic contributions will vary with taxonomic level. At this time, we are most interested in two types of contribution. 

#Contributions that summarize the characteristics of higher taxa (Genus-Order). These should be accompanied by generalized diagrams when possible (JPEG format; 40 pixels/cm, 15 cm wide x 18 cm high) .&lt;br&gt; 
#Contributions that describe how to measure in detail, and quantitatively when possible, variation among species within genera. Diagrams indicating features and measurements must be included. In time, we hope to include data from such measurements in a searchable database allowing a wide range of comparative morphological and evolutionary analysis. As with other contributions, text should be written concisely in WORD and saved as an HTML document. Please include citations to the relevant literature, especially those from which the information has been abstracted. Check for factual, grammatical, and spelling errors.&lt;br&gt; 
#Scan the files with up-to-date anti-virus software, then send them as e-mail attachments to mndawson@ucdavis.edu.&lt;br&gt; 
#A web-page will be created including the figure and text you sent, a personal credit, and links to relevant pages within The Scyphozoan.

Browse the taxonomy pages (see the links at the front page) to see some examples including [[Aurelia]] and [[Mastigias]]. 

Please note, this is not a suitable venue for describing new species. 

=== Phylogeny [[Image:AureliaPhylogram.jpg|border|right|403x280px|Aurelia Phylogram]]&lt;br&gt;  ===

#Make a JPEG (40 pixels/cm; max 15 cm wide x 18 cm high) of the phylogeny, including measures of statistical support. The phylogeny should be based on published results. Double-check for errors. 
#Write a concise caption explaining the phylogeny in WORD and save as an HTML document. Include citations to the relevant literature, especially those upon which the figure is based. Check for factual, grammatical, and spelling errors. 
#Scan the files with up-to-date antivirus software, then send them as e-mail attachments to mndawson@ucdavis.edu. 
#A web-page will be made including the figure and text you sent, a personal credit, and links to relevant pages within The Scyphozoan.

See an example phylogeny: [[Aurelia]].

=== Behaviour &lt;br&gt; ===

Scyphozoans exhibit a wide range of behaviors, although most are poorly documented. We encourage contributions to this category, and hope it will become one of the more rapidly growing sections of The Scyphozoan.

We suggest the following keywords for for classifying contributions, simply as a guide and a management tool. Other contributions are welcome. Annotate contributions with multiple keywords if appropriate.

Migration

#subsection: vertical migration
#subsection: horizontal migration

Rheotaxis, Phototaxis, Thigmotaxis, Chemotaxis, and any other kind of taxis
*Aggregations and swarms
*Reproduction, Competition, Predation&lt;br&gt;

=== Ecology &lt;br&gt; ===

Ecological contributions will be diverse. As a starting point, we suggest contributions be considered in the categories below. This is not a comprehensive list. We expect to expand the scope of this section considerably in response to your suggestions and contributions.

*Coastal management

e.g. fisheries, species introductions, blooms

*Habitat
*Community structure

e.g. food webs, species diversity

*Symbioses

e.g. mutualism, parasitism, commensalism

*Predation, competition, etc.
*Life history&lt;br&gt;

=== Evolution &lt;br&gt; ===

Evolutionary studies necessarily draw upon other areas of study, including molecular biology, morphology, behavior, ecology, physiology, biogeography, and much more. Evolutionary contributions should therefore discuss changes in such attributes; the current status of the attributes can be described in other sections. Ideally, evolutionary contributions will be given context by discussing transitions in terms of a molecular phylogeny (or a reliable proxy therefore).&lt;br&gt;

=== Images &lt;br&gt; ===

Images should be in JPEG format. For the time being, files should be 40 pixels/cm, maximum 15 cm wide, and maximum 18 cm high, and we will adjust the size as required. In time, we will produce a list of file sizes specific to their use on the site. Please insert the appropriate credits into the figure. Scan the files with up-to-date anti-virus software, then send them as e-mail attachments to mndawson@ucdavis.edu.&lt;br&gt;

=== Notes&lt;br&gt;  ===

Notes&lt;br&gt;Please note that submitting a contribution does not guarantee its inclusion in the site. The Scyphozoan is intended to be a source of reliable information for a diverse audience. As such, each submission must be correct and easily accessible to people from a wide range of backgrounds. It should be consistent with similar pages already on the site. Although we hope it will not be necessary to check every submission for accuracy and clarity (we simply do not have time), we will reject any that obviously fail to meet the necessary standards (resubmitting a corrected version may be an option). Any details that appear unsubstantiated or debatable must be validated prior to submission (or perhaps included with the appropriate caveats). Remember, once included in the site, the information will be accessible to a very large number of people. If there is an error, it will be there for the world to see and somebody will find it. Worse, though, somebody (perhaps you) will perpetuate it. Please double-check, if not triple-check, all of the information. 

'''Thank you.'''&lt;br&gt; 

== Site Contributions&lt;br&gt;  ==

*Bell, Lori J. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau. 
*Bolton, Toby. Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama, USA. 
*Cartwright, Paulyn. University of Kansas, USA. 
*Collins, Allen G. Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover ITZ, Division of Ecology &amp;amp; Evolution, Hannover, Germany. The Smithsonian, Washington DC, USA. 
*Colin, Pat L. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau. 
*Daryanabard, Reza. Offshore Fisheries Research Center, Chabahr, Iran. 
*Dawson, Michael N. School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA. 
*Gershwin, Lisa A. James Cook University, Queensland, Australia. 
*Graham, William M. Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama, USA. 
*Hingston, Martin. Universität Hamburg, Deutschland. 
*Jarms, Gerhard. Universität Hamburg, Deutschland. 
*Johnson, Jeanette. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands. 
*Johnson, Scott. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands. 
*Kawahara, Masato. Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan. 
*Kennedy, Fergus. Adelphi Environmental, Seeb, Oman. 
*Lee, Chao-Chuan. Institute of Animal Prevention and Cure, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China. 
*Lo, Wen-Tseng. Department of Marine Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China. 
*Martin, Laura E. School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA. 
*Mianzan, Hermes. INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Argentina. 
*Migotto, Alvaro E. Centro de Biologia Marinha da Universidade de Sao Paulo (CEBIMar-USP), Brasil. 
*Morais, Zilda. Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Saude Sul, Monte de Caparica, Portugal. 
*Morandini, André C. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil. 
*Pagès, Francesc. Institut de Ciències del Mar, Barcelona, España. 
*Paulay, Gustav. Florida Museum of Natural History, Florida, USA. 
*Peach, Meredith. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia 
*Pitt, Kylie A. School of Environmental and Applied Sciences, Griffith University, Australia. 
*Purcell, Jenny. Shannon Point Marine Center, Western Washington University, USA. 
*Raskoff, Kevin A. Biology Department, Monterey Peninsula College, USA. 
*Silveira, Fábio L. da. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil. 
*Smith, Brian. 
*Theusen, Erik V. The Evergreen State College, Olympia, Washington, USA. 
*Uye, Shin-ichi. Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan. 
*Widmer, Chad, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, USA. 
*Wilson, Simon. Adelphi Environmental, Seeb, Oman.&lt;br&gt;

== Sample Contributions  ==

*Bell, Lori J. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau.&lt;br&gt; 
*Bolton, Toby. Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama, USA.&lt;br&gt; 
*Colin, Pat L. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau. 
*Daryanabard, Reza. Offshore Fisheries Research Center, Chabahr, Iran. 
*Dawson, Michael N. Evolution &amp;amp; Ecology, University of California, Davis, USA. 
*Kawahara, Masato. Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan. 
*Lee, Chao-Chuan. Institute of Animal Prevention and Cure, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China. 
*Lo, Wen-Tseng. Department of Marine Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China. 
*Martin, Laura E. School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA. 
*Mianzan, Hermes. INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Argentina. 
*Migotto, Alvaro E. Centro de Biologia Marinha da Universidade de Sao Paulo (CEBIMar-USP), Brasil. 
*Morais, Zilda. Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Saude Sul, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.&lt;br&gt; 
*Morandini, André C. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil.&lt;br&gt; 
*Paulay, Gustav. Florida Museum of Natural History, Florida, USA. 
*Pitt, Kylie A. School of Environmental and Applied Sciences, Griffith University, Australia. 
*Raskoff, Kevin A. Biology Department, Monterey Peninsula College, USA.&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Big THANK YOU to all our contriutors!'''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>838</id>
      <parentid>837</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T00:35:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="11202">== How to Contribute&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are numerous ways to contribute to The Scyphozoan. You might wish to send a picture, provide samples, correct an error, describe how to identify a jellyfish, summarize geographic distributions, or many things more. Sometimes, a short e-mail including the relevant information sent to mdawson@ucmerced.edu will suffice. However, contributions may be more substantial. For these cases, some instructions are provided below to simplify the procedure for you and for the webmaster. If you are able to send web-pages ready made in the correct format, they will be gratefully received. 

=== Biogeography [[Image:Worldmap.jpg|border|right|311x177px|Worldmap]]&lt;br&gt;  ===

#Use this world map template JPEG and save it to your disk.&lt;br&gt; 
#Use a suitable graphics program to draw species distributions. Save the modified figure as a JPEG. Please try to include all valid species in a single genus on one map. If there are many species with overlapping ranges, additional maps may be justified in the interests of clarity. Indicate sample locations with color-coded dots and inferred ranges as color-coded polygons (empty or filled). Double-check for errors. &lt;br&gt; 
#Write a concise caption explaining the figure in WORD and save as an HTML document. Include citations to the relevant literature, especially those upon which the figure is based. Check for factual, grammatical, and spelling errors.&lt;br&gt; 
#Scan the files with up-to-date anti-virus software, then send them as e-mail attachments to mdawson@ucmerced.edu.&lt;br&gt; 
#A web-page will be created including the figure and text you sent, a personal credit, and links to relevant pages within The Scyphozoan.&lt;br&gt; 
#See a finished example web-page: [[Aurelia]] biogeography.&lt;br&gt;

=== Taxonomy &lt;br&gt;  ===

The format of taxonomic contributions will vary with taxonomic level. At this time, we are most interested in two types of contribution. 

#Contributions that summarize the characteristics of higher taxa (Genus-Order). These should be accompanied by generalized diagrams when possible (JPEG format; 40 pixels/cm, 15 cm wide x 18 cm high) .&lt;br&gt; 
#Contributions that describe how to measure in detail, and quantitatively when possible, variation among species within genera. Diagrams indicating features and measurements must be included. In time, we hope to include data from such measurements in a searchable database allowing a wide range of comparative morphological and evolutionary analysis. As with other contributions, text should be written concisely in WORD and saved as an HTML document. Please include citations to the relevant literature, especially those from which the information has been abstracted. Check for factual, grammatical, and spelling errors.&lt;br&gt; 
#Scan the files with up-to-date anti-virus software, then send them as e-mail attachments to mndawson@ucdavis.edu.&lt;br&gt; 
#A web-page will be created including the figure and text you sent, a personal credit, and links to relevant pages within The Scyphozoan.

Browse the taxonomy pages (see the links at the front page) to see some examples including [[Aurelia]] and [[Mastigias]]. 

Please note, this is not a suitable venue for describing new species. 

=== Phylogeny [[Image:AureliaPhylogram.jpg|border|right|403x280px|Aurelia Phylogram]]&lt;br&gt;  ===

#Make a JPEG (40 pixels/cm; max 15 cm wide x 18 cm high) of the phylogeny, including measures of statistical support. The phylogeny should be based on published results. Double-check for errors. 
#Write a concise caption explaining the phylogeny in WORD and save as an HTML document. Include citations to the relevant literature, especially those upon which the figure is based. Check for factual, grammatical, and spelling errors. 
#Scan the files with up-to-date antivirus software, then send them as e-mail attachments to mndawson@ucdavis.edu. 
#A web-page will be made including the figure and text you sent, a personal credit, and links to relevant pages within The Scyphozoan.

See an example phylogeny: [[Aurelia]].

=== Behaviour &lt;br&gt; ===

Scyphozoans exhibit a wide range of behaviors, although most are poorly documented. We encourage contributions to this category, and hope it will become one of the more rapidly growing sections of The Scyphozoan.

We suggest the following keywords for for classifying contributions, simply as a guide and a management tool. Other contributions are welcome. Annotate contributions with multiple keywords if appropriate.

Migration

#subsection: vertical migration
#subsection: horizontal migration

Rheotaxis, Phototaxis, Thigmotaxis, Chemotaxis, and any other kind of taxis
*Aggregations and swarms
*Reproduction, Competition, Predation&lt;br&gt;

=== Ecology &lt;br&gt; ===

Ecological contributions will be diverse. As a starting point, we suggest contributions be considered in the categories below. This is not a comprehensive list. We expect to expand the scope of this section considerably in response to your suggestions and contributions.

*Coastal management

e.g. fisheries, species introductions, blooms

*Habitat
*Community structure

e.g. food webs, species diversity

*Symbioses

e.g. mutualism, parasitism, commensalism

*Predation, competition, etc.
*Life history&lt;br&gt;

=== Evolution &lt;br&gt; ===

Evolutionary studies necessarily draw upon other areas of study, including molecular biology, morphology, behavior, ecology, physiology, biogeography, and much more. Evolutionary contributions should therefore discuss changes in such attributes; the current status of the attributes can be described in other sections. Ideally, evolutionary contributions will be given context by discussing transitions in terms of a molecular phylogeny (or a reliable proxy therefore).&lt;br&gt;

=== Images &lt;br&gt; ===

Images should be in JPEG format. For the time being, files should be 40 pixels/cm, maximum 15 cm wide, and maximum 18 cm high, and we will adjust the size as required. In time, we will produce a list of file sizes specific to their use on the site. Please insert the appropriate credits into the figure. Scan the files with up-to-date anti-virus software, then send them as e-mail attachments to mndawson@ucdavis.edu.&lt;br&gt;

=== Notes&lt;br&gt;  ===

Notes&lt;br&gt;Please note that submitting a contribution does not guarantee its inclusion in the site. The Scyphozoan is intended to be a source of reliable information for a diverse audience. As such, each submission must be correct and easily accessible to people from a wide range of backgrounds. It should be consistent with similar pages already on the site. Although we hope it will not be necessary to check every submission for accuracy and clarity (we simply do not have time), we will reject any that obviously fail to meet the necessary standards (resubmitting a corrected version may be an option). Any details that appear unsubstantiated or debatable must be validated prior to submission (or perhaps included with the appropriate caveats). Remember, once included in the site, the information will be accessible to a very large number of people. If there is an error, it will be there for the world to see and somebody will find it. Worse, though, somebody (perhaps you) will perpetuate it. Please double-check, if not triple-check, all of the information. 

'''Thank you.'''&lt;br&gt; 

== Site Contributions&lt;br&gt;  ==

*Bell, Lori J. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau. 
*Bolton, Toby. Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama, USA. 
*Cartwright, Paulyn. University of Kansas, USA. 
*Collins, Allen G. Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover ITZ, Division of Ecology &amp;amp; Evolution, Hannover, Germany. The Smithsonian, Washington DC, USA. 
*Colin, Pat L. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau. 
*Daryanabard, Reza. Offshore Fisheries Research Center, Chabahr, Iran. 
*Dawson, Michael N. School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA. 
*Gershwin, Lisa A. James Cook University, Queensland, Australia. 
*Graham, William M. Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama, USA. 
*Hingston, Martin. Universität Hamburg, Deutschland. 
*Jarms, Gerhard. Universität Hamburg, Deutschland. 
*Johnson, Jeanette. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands. 
*Johnson, Scott. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands. 
*Kawahara, Masato. Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan. 
*Kennedy, Fergus. Adelphi Environmental, Seeb, Oman. 
*Lee, Chao-Chuan. Institute of Animal Prevention and Cure, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China. 
*Lo, Wen-Tseng. Department of Marine Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China. 
*Martin, Laura E. School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA. 
*Mianzan, Hermes. INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Argentina. 
*Migotto, Alvaro E. Centro de Biologia Marinha da Universidade de Sao Paulo (CEBIMar-USP), Brasil. 
*Morais, Zilda. Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Saude Sul, Monte de Caparica, Portugal. 
*Morandini, André C. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil. 
*Pagès, Francesc. Institut de Ciències del Mar, Barcelona, España. 
*Paulay, Gustav. Florida Museum of Natural History, Florida, USA. 
*Peach, Meredith. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia 
*Pitt, Kylie A. School of Environmental and Applied Sciences, Griffith University, Australia. 
*Purcell, Jenny. Shannon Point Marine Center, Western Washington University, USA. 
*Raskoff, Kevin A. Biology Department, Monterey Peninsula College, USA. 
*Silveira, Fábio L. da. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil. 
*Smith, Brian. 
*Theusen, Erik V. The Evergreen State College, Olympia, Washington, USA. 
*Uye, Shin-ichi. Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan. 
*Widmer, Chad, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, USA. 
*Wilson, Simon. Adelphi Environmental, Seeb, Oman.&lt;br&gt;

== Sample Contributions  ==

*Bell, Lori J. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau.&lt;br&gt; 
*Bolton, Toby. Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama, USA.&lt;br&gt; 
*Colin, Pat L. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau. 
*Daryanabard, Reza. Offshore Fisheries Research Center, Chabahr, Iran. 
*Dawson, Michael N. Evolution &amp;amp; Ecology, University of California, Davis, USA. 
*Kawahara, Masato. Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan. 
*Lee, Chao-Chuan. Institute of Animal Prevention and Cure, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China. 
*Lo, Wen-Tseng. Department of Marine Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China. 
*Martin, Laura E. School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA. 
*Mianzan, Hermes. INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Argentina. 
*Migotto, Alvaro E. Centro de Biologia Marinha da Universidade de Sao Paulo (CEBIMar-USP), Brasil. 
*Morais, Zilda. Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Saude Sul, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.&lt;br&gt; 
*Morandini, André C. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil.&lt;br&gt; 
*Paulay, Gustav. Florida Museum of Natural History, Florida, USA. 
*Pitt, Kylie A. School of Environmental and Applied Sciences, Griffith University, Australia. 
*Raskoff, Kevin A. Biology Department, Monterey Peninsula College, USA.&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Big THANK YOU to all our contributors!'''&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1161</id>
      <parentid>838</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:19:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="11230">== How to Contribute&lt;br&gt;  ==

There are numerous ways to contribute to The Scyphozoan. You might wish to send a picture, provide samples, correct an error, describe how to identify a jellyfish, summarize geographic distributions, or many things more. Sometimes, a short e-mail including the relevant information sent to mdawson@ucmerced.edu will suffice. However, contributions may be more substantial. For these cases, some instructions are provided below to simplify the procedure for you and for the webmaster. If you are able to send web-pages ready made in the correct format, they will be gratefully received. 

=== Biogeography [[Image:Worldmap.jpg|border|right|311x177px|Worldmap]]&lt;br&gt;  ===

#Use this world map template JPEG and save it to your disk.&lt;br&gt; 
#Use a suitable graphics program to draw species distributions. Save the modified figure as a JPEG. Please try to include all valid species in a single genus on one map. If there are many species with overlapping ranges, additional maps may be justified in the interests of clarity. Indicate sample locations with color-coded dots and inferred ranges as color-coded polygons (empty or filled). Double-check for errors. &lt;br&gt; 
#Write a concise caption explaining the figure in WORD and save as an HTML document. Include citations to the relevant literature, especially those upon which the figure is based. Check for factual, grammatical, and spelling errors.&lt;br&gt; 
#Scan the files with up-to-date anti-virus software, then send them as e-mail attachments to mdawson@ucmerced.edu.&lt;br&gt; 
#A web-page will be created including the figure and text you sent, a personal credit, and links to relevant pages within The Scyphozoan.&lt;br&gt; 
#See a finished example web-page: [[Aurelia]] biogeography.&lt;br&gt;

=== Taxonomy &lt;br&gt;  ===

The format of taxonomic contributions will vary with taxonomic level. At this time, we are most interested in two types of contribution. 

#Contributions that summarize the characteristics of higher taxa (Genus-Order). These should be accompanied by generalized diagrams when possible (JPEG format; 40 pixels/cm, 15 cm wide x 18 cm high) .&lt;br&gt; 
#Contributions that describe how to measure in detail, and quantitatively when possible, variation among species within genera. Diagrams indicating features and measurements must be included. In time, we hope to include data from such measurements in a searchable database allowing a wide range of comparative morphological and evolutionary analysis. As with other contributions, text should be written concisely in WORD and saved as an HTML document. Please include citations to the relevant literature, especially those from which the information has been abstracted. Check for factual, grammatical, and spelling errors.&lt;br&gt; 
#Scan the files with up-to-date anti-virus software, then send them as e-mail attachments to mndawson@ucdavis.edu.&lt;br&gt; 
#A web-page will be created including the figure and text you sent, a personal credit, and links to relevant pages within The Scyphozoan.

Browse the taxonomy pages (see the links at the front page) to see some examples including [[Aurelia]] and [[Mastigias]]. 

Please note, this is not a suitable venue for describing new species. 

=== Phylogeny [[Image:AureliaPhylogram.jpg|border|right|403x280px|Aurelia Phylogram]]&lt;br&gt;  ===

#Make a JPEG (40 pixels/cm; max 15 cm wide x 18 cm high) of the phylogeny, including measures of statistical support. The phylogeny should be based on published results. Double-check for errors. 
#Write a concise caption explaining the phylogeny in WORD and save as an HTML document. Include citations to the relevant literature, especially those upon which the figure is based. Check for factual, grammatical, and spelling errors. 
#Scan the files with up-to-date antivirus software, then send them as e-mail attachments to mndawson@ucdavis.edu. 
#A web-page will be made including the figure and text you sent, a personal credit, and links to relevant pages within The Scyphozoan.

See an example phylogeny: [[Aurelia]].

=== Behaviour &lt;br&gt; ===

Scyphozoans exhibit a wide range of behaviors, although most are poorly documented. We encourage contributions to this category, and hope it will become one of the more rapidly growing sections of The Scyphozoan.

We suggest the following keywords for for classifying contributions, simply as a guide and a management tool. Other contributions are welcome. Annotate contributions with multiple keywords if appropriate.

Migration

#subsection: vertical migration
#subsection: horizontal migration

Rheotaxis, Phototaxis, Thigmotaxis, Chemotaxis, and any other kind of taxis
*Aggregations and swarms
*Reproduction, Competition, Predation&lt;br&gt;

=== Ecology &lt;br&gt; ===

Ecological contributions will be diverse. As a starting point, we suggest contributions be considered in the categories below. This is not a comprehensive list. We expect to expand the scope of this section considerably in response to your suggestions and contributions.

*Coastal management

e.g. fisheries, species introductions, blooms

*Habitat
*Community structure

e.g. food webs, species diversity

*Symbioses

e.g. mutualism, parasitism, commensalism

*Predation, competition, etc.
*Life history&lt;br&gt;

=== Evolution &lt;br&gt; ===

Evolutionary studies necessarily draw upon other areas of study, including molecular biology, morphology, behavior, ecology, physiology, biogeography, and much more. Evolutionary contributions should therefore discuss changes in such attributes; the current status of the attributes can be described in other sections. Ideally, evolutionary contributions will be given context by discussing transitions in terms of a molecular phylogeny (or a reliable proxy therefore).&lt;br&gt;

=== Images &lt;br&gt; ===

Images should be in JPEG format. For the time being, files should be 40 pixels/cm, maximum 15 cm wide, and maximum 18 cm high, and we will adjust the size as required. In time, we will produce a list of file sizes specific to their use on the site. Please insert the appropriate credits into the figure. Scan the files with up-to-date anti-virus software, then send them as e-mail attachments to mndawson@ucdavis.edu.&lt;br&gt;

=== Notes&lt;br&gt;  ===

Notes&lt;br&gt;Please note that submitting a contribution does not guarantee its inclusion in the site. The Scyphozoan is intended to be a source of reliable information for a diverse audience. As such, each submission must be correct and easily accessible to people from a wide range of backgrounds. It should be consistent with similar pages already on the site. Although we hope it will not be necessary to check every submission for accuracy and clarity (we simply do not have time), we will reject any that obviously fail to meet the necessary standards (resubmitting a corrected version may be an option). Any details that appear unsubstantiated or debatable must be validated prior to submission (or perhaps included with the appropriate caveats). Remember, once included in the site, the information will be accessible to a very large number of people. If there is an error, it will be there for the world to see and somebody will find it. Worse, though, somebody (perhaps you) will perpetuate it. Please double-check, if not triple-check, all of the information. 

'''Thank you.'''&lt;br&gt; 

== Site Contributions&lt;br&gt;  ==

*Bell, Lori J. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau. 
*Bolton, Toby. Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama, USA. 
*Cartwright, Paulyn. University of Kansas, USA. 
*Collins, Allen G. Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover ITZ, Division of Ecology &amp;amp; Evolution, Hannover, Germany. The Smithsonian, Washington DC, USA. 
*Colin, Pat L. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau. 
*Daryanabard, Reza. Offshore Fisheries Research Center, Chabahr, Iran. 
*Dawson, Michael N. School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA. 
*Gershwin, Lisa A. James Cook University, Queensland, Australia. 
*Graham, William M. Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama, USA. 
*Hingston, Martin. Universität Hamburg, Deutschland. 
*Jarms, Gerhard. Universität Hamburg, Deutschland. 
*Johnson, Jeanette. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands. 
*Johnson, Scott. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands. 
*Kawahara, Masato. Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan. 
*Kennedy, Fergus. Adelphi Environmental, Seeb, Oman. 
*Lee, Chao-Chuan. Institute of Animal Prevention and Cure, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China. 
*Lo, Wen-Tseng. Department of Marine Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China. 
*Martin, Laura E. School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA. 
*Mianzan, Hermes. INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Argentina. 
*Migotto, Alvaro E. Centro de Biologia Marinha da Universidade de Sao Paulo (CEBIMar-USP), Brasil. 
*Morais, Zilda. Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Saude Sul, Monte de Caparica, Portugal. 
*Morandini, André C. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil. 
*Pagès, Francesc. Institut de Ciències del Mar, Barcelona, España. 
*Paulay, Gustav. Florida Museum of Natural History, Florida, USA. 
*Peach, Meredith. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia 
*Pitt, Kylie A. School of Environmental and Applied Sciences, Griffith University, Australia. 
*Purcell, Jenny. Shannon Point Marine Center, Western Washington University, USA. 
*Raskoff, Kevin A. Biology Department, Monterey Peninsula College, USA. 
*Silveira, Fábio L. da. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil. 
*Smith, Brian. 
*Theusen, Erik V. The Evergreen State College, Olympia, Washington, USA. 
*Uye, Shin-ichi. Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan. 
*Widmer, Chad, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, USA. 
*Wilson, Simon. Adelphi Environmental, Seeb, Oman.&lt;br&gt;

== Sample Contributions  ==

*Bell, Lori J. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau.&lt;br&gt; 
*Bolton, Toby. Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama, USA.&lt;br&gt; 
*Colin, Pat L. Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau. 
*Daryanabard, Reza. Offshore Fisheries Research Center, Chabahr, Iran. 
*Dawson, Michael N. Evolution &amp;amp; Ecology, University of California, Davis, USA. 
*Kawahara, Masato. Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan. 
*Lee, Chao-Chuan. Institute of Animal Prevention and Cure, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China. 
*Lo, Wen-Tseng. Department of Marine Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China. 
*Martin, Laura E. School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA. 
*Mianzan, Hermes. INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Argentina. 
*Migotto, Alvaro E. Centro de Biologia Marinha da Universidade de Sao Paulo (CEBIMar-USP), Brasil. 
*Morais, Zilda. Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Saude Sul, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.&lt;br&gt; 
*Morandini, André C. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil.&lt;br&gt; 
*Paulay, Gustav. Florida Museum of Natural History, Florida, USA. 
*Pitt, Kylie A. School of Environmental and Applied Sciences, Griffith University, Australia. 
*Raskoff, Kevin A. Biology Department, Monterey Peninsula College, USA.&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt; 

'''Big THANK YOU to all our contributors!'''&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Special Pages]]</text>
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      <comment>New page: The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create an account. Click [[Login|Login/Create Account]] in the upper right corner.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="137">The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create an account. Click [[Login|Login/Create Account]] in the upper right corner.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="190">The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create an account.

Click [[Login|Login/Create Account]] in the upper right corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="190">The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create an account.
*Click [[Login|Login/Create Account]] in the upper right corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.</text>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="389">The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Login|Login/Create Account]] in the upper right corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]]</text>
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The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Login|Login/Create Account]] in the upper right corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]]</text>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="414">][Image:edit.png|right]]
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Login|Login/Create Account]] in the upper right corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]]</text>
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The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Login|Login/Create Account]] in the upper right corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="413">[[Image:pen.png|right]]
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Login|Login/Create Account]] in the upper right corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]]</text>
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The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Login|Login/Create Account]] in the upper right corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]]</text>
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The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Login|Login/Create Account]] in the upper right corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]]</text>
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      </contributor>
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==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Login|Login/Create Account]] in the upper right corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]]</text>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="434">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Login|Login/Create Account]] in the upper right corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]]</text>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="436">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[log in|log in/create account]] in the upper right corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]]</text>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="434">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [log in|log in/create account] in the upper right corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]]</text>
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      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="506">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin|log in/create account] in the upper right corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="508">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin|&quot;log in/create account&quot;] in the upper right corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="507">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin| log in/create account] in the upper right corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]]</text>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="506">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper right corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]]</text>
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      <contributor>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="511">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <ip>169.236.99.194</ip>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="613">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]], which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information.</text>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Create an Account */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="628">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!

=The Main Page=
At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]], which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information.</text>
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      <contributor>
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      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="636">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]], which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <timestamp>2008-08-14T18:13:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>169.236.99.194</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Navigating Your Wiki */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="932">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]], which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents my contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)</text>
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      <timestamp>2008-08-14T18:15:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>169.236.99.194</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Navigating Your Wiki */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="933">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]], which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>135</id>
      <parentid>134</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-14T18:16:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Navigating Your Wiki */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="951">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
==The Main Page==
At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]], which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>136</id>
      <parentid>135</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-14T18:17:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Navigating Your Wiki */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="953">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
'''The Main Page'''
At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]], which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>137</id>
      <parentid>136</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-14T18:17:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Navigating Your Wiki */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="954">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
'''The Main Page'''

At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]], which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>138</id>
      <parentid>137</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-14T18:38:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Navigating Your Wiki */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1304">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
'''The Main Page'''

At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]], which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


'''Community Portal'''

The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>139</id>
      <parentid>138</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-14T18:38:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1308">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
'''The Main Page'''

At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]], which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


'''Community Portal'''

The [[Community Portal]] is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>140</id>
      <parentid>139</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-14T18:38:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1340">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
'''The Main Page'''

At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]], which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


'''Community Portal'''

The [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal|Community Portal]] is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>154</id>
      <parentid>140</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-14T19:12:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1342">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;'''The Main Page'''

:At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]], which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


'''Community Portal'''

The [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal|Community Portal]] is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>155</id>
      <parentid>154</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-14T19:12:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1330">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page
:At the heart of your Wiki is the [[Main Page]], which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal
:The [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal|Community Portal]] is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>293</id>
      <parentid>155</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T22:43:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1350">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page [[Main Page| Visit -&gt;]]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal
:The [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal|Community Portal]] is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>294</id>
      <parentid>293</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T22:43:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1350">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page [[Main Page| Visit &gt;&gt;]]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal
:The [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal|Community Portal]] is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>295</id>
      <parentid>294</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T22:43:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1362">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;Visit&lt;/small&gt;]]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal
:The [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal|Community Portal]] is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>296</id>
      <parentid>295</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T22:44:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1424">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]]
:The [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal|Community Portal]] is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>297</id>
      <parentid>296</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T22:44:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Navigating Your Wiki */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1388">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>298</id>
      <parentid>297</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T22:45:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1400">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page [[Main Page&amp;action=edit| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>299</id>
      <parentid>298</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T22:46:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1495">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>300</id>
      <parentid>299</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T22:48:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Navigating Your Wiki */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1624">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>301</id>
      <parentid>300</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T22:49:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1628">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>302</id>
      <parentid>301</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T22:49:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1632">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>303</id>
      <parentid>302</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T22:50:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1571">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [Special:Userlogin|log in/create account] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>304</id>
      <parentid>303</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T22:50:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1573">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305</id>
      <parentid>304</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T22:50:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>Protected &quot;[[Wiki Training]]&quot; [edit=sysop:move=sysop]</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1573">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>306</id>
      <parentid>305</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T22:52:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Navigating Your Wiki */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1780">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current Events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>307</id>
      <parentid>306</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T22:53:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1780">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>312</id>
      <parentid>307</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T23:37:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1911">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>316</id>
      <parentid>312</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:30:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2049">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:

 '''8/20/08 - &quot;My Post Title&quot;'''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>317</id>
      <parentid>316</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:31:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2054">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:

 '''8/20/08 - &quot;My Post Title&quot;'''
&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>318</id>
      <parentid>317</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:31:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2054">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:

 '''8/20/08 - &quot;My Post Title&quot;'''
&lt;hr&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>319</id>
      <parentid>318</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:31:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2055">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:

 '''8/20/08 - &quot;My Post Title&quot;'''
 &lt;hr&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>320</id>
      <parentid>319</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:31:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2811">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:

 '''8/20/08 - &quot;My Post Title&quot;'''
 &lt;hr&gt;
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at laoreet eleifend, mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>321</id>
      <parentid>320</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:33:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2813">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:

 '''8/20/08 - &quot;My Post Title&quot;'''
 &lt;hr&gt;
 +Lorem ipsum+ dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at laoreet eleifend, mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>322</id>
      <parentid>321</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:33:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Navigating Your Wiki */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2810">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:

 '''8/20/08 - &quot;My Post Title&quot;'''
 &lt;hr&gt;
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at laoreet eleifend, mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>323</id>
      <parentid>322</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:35:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2831">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:

&lt;blockquote&gt;8/20/08 - &quot;My Post Title&quot;'''
 &lt;hr&gt;
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at laoreet eleifend, mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.&lt;/blockquote&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>324</id>
      <parentid>323</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:35:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Navigating Your Wiki */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2832">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;8/20/08 - &quot;My Post Title&quot;'''
 &lt;hr&gt;
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at laoreet eleifend, mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.&lt;/blockquote&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>325</id>
      <parentid>324</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:36:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Navigating Your Wiki */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2835">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;'''8/20/08 - &quot;My Post Title&quot;'''
 &lt;hr&gt;
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at laoreet eleifend, mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.&lt;/blockquote&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>326</id>
      <parentid>325</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:37:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2886">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;'''8/20/08 - &quot;My Post Title&quot;'''
 &lt;hr&gt;
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at laoreet eleifend, mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.
--[[User:Admin|Admin]] 17:37, 20 August 2008 (UTC)&lt;/blockquote&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>327</id>
      <parentid>326</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:37:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2950">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;'''8/20/08 - &quot;My Post Title&quot;'''
 &lt;hr&gt;
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at laoreet eleifend, mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.
--[[User:Admin|Admin]] 17:37, 20 August 2008 (UTC) (Attained by typing &lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki editor.&lt;/blockquote&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>328</id>
      <parentid>327</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:38:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2966">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;'''8/20/08 - &quot;My Post Title&quot;'''
 &lt;hr&gt;
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at laoreet eleifend, mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.
--[[User:Admin|Admin]] 17:37, 20 August 2008 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(Attained by typing &lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki editor.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>329</id>
      <parentid>328</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:38:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2986">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;'''8/20/08 - &quot;My Post Title&quot;'''
 &lt;hr&gt;
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at laoreet eleifend, mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.
--[[User:Admin|Admin]] 17:37, 20 August 2008 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(Signature/Date/Time attained by typing &lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki editor.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>330</id>
      <parentid>329</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:39:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2981">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;'''8/20/08 - ===My Post Title===
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at laoreet eleifend, mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.
--[[User:Admin|Admin]] 17:37, 20 August 2008 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(Signature/Date/Time attained by typing &lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki editor.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>331</id>
      <parentid>330</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:40:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2976">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;8/20/08 - ==My Post Title==
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at laoreet eleifend, mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.
--[[User:Admin|Admin]] 17:37, 20 August 2008 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(Signature/Date/Time attained by typing &lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki editor.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>332</id>
      <parentid>331</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:40:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2984">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;8/20/08 - ==
== My Post Title ==
==
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at laoreet eleifend, mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.
--[[User:Admin|Admin]] 17:37, 20 August 2008 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(Signature/Date/Time attained by typing &lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki editor.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>333</id>
      <parentid>332</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:40:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2971">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;
=== My Post Title ===
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at laoreet eleifend, mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.
--[[User:Admin|Admin]] 17:37, 20 August 2008 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(Signature/Date/Time attained by typing &lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki editor.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>334</id>
      <parentid>333</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:40:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2973">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;
==== My Post Title ====
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at laoreet eleifend, mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.
--[[User:Admin|Admin]] 17:37, 20 August 2008 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(Signature/Date/Time attained by typing &lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki editor.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>335</id>
      <parentid>334</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:40:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2969">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;
== My Post Title ==
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at laoreet eleifend, mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.
--[[User:Admin|Admin]] 17:37, 20 August 2008 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(Signature/Date/Time attained by typing &lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki editor.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>336</id>
      <parentid>335</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T17:42:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2973">[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;
== My Post Title ==
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at [[laoreet eleifend]], mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.
--[[User:Admin|Admin]] 17:37, 20 August 2008 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(Signature/Date/Time attained by typing &lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki editor.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>345</id>
      <parentid>336</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-22T17:58:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Botadmin</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3009">[[Admin Hub|Return to Admin Hub]]


[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;
== My Post Title ==
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at [[laoreet eleifend]], mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.
--[[User:Admin|Admin]] 17:37, 20 August 2008 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(Signature/Date/Time attained by typing &lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki editor.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>350</id>
      <parentid>345</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-09-08T23:04:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3217">[[Admin Hub|Return to Admin Hub]]


[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;
== My Post Title ==
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at [[laoreet eleifend]], mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.
--[[User:Admin|Admin]] 17:37, 20 August 2008 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(Signature/Date/Time attained by typing &lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki editor.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;


; Recent Changes - [[The Scyphozoan:Recent changes| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Recent_changes&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>351</id>
      <parentid>350</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-09-08T23:04:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3216">[[Admin Hub|Return to Admin Hub]]


[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;
== My Post Title ==
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at [[laoreet eleifend]], mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.
--[[User:Admin|Admin]] 17:37, 20 August 2008 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(Signature/Date/Time attained by typing &lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki editor.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;


; Recent Changes - [[The Scyphozoan:Special:Recentchanges| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Recentchanges&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>352</id>
      <parentid>351</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-09-08T23:05:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3201">[[Admin Hub|Return to Admin Hub]]


[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;
== My Post Title ==
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at [[laoreet eleifend]], mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.
--[[User:Admin|Admin]] 17:37, 20 August 2008 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(Signature/Date/Time attained by typing &lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki editor.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;


; Recent Changes - [[Special:Recentchanges| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Recentchanges&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>353</id>
      <parentid>352</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-09-08T23:12:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3417">[[Admin Hub|Return to Admin Hub]]


[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;
== My Post Title ==
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at [[laoreet eleifend]], mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.
--[[User:Admin|Admin]] 17:37, 20 August 2008 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(Signature/Date/Time attained by typing &lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki editor.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;


; Recent Changes - [[Special:Recentchanges| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Special:Recentchanges&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
:The Recent Changes page is an automatically updated page that lists all changes, on all pages, made by any users, registered or anonymous. You can use it to track changes made to your Wiki and repair any vandalism.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>354</id>
      <parentid>353</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-09-08T23:12:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3296">[[Admin Hub|Return to Admin Hub]]


[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;
== My Post Title ==
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at [[laoreet eleifend]], mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.
--[[User:Admin|Admin]] 17:37, 20 August 2008 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(Signature/Date/Time attained by typing &lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki editor.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;


; Recent Changes - [[Special:Recentchanges| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]]
:The Recent Changes page is an automatically updated page that lists all changes, on all pages, made by any users, registered or anonymous. You can use it to track changes made to your Wiki and repair any vandalism.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>355</id>
      <parentid>354</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-09-08T23:14:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3341">[[Admin Hub|Return to Admin Hub]]


[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check you email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!


=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;
== My Post Title ==
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at [[laoreet eleifend]], mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.
--[[User:Admin|Admin]] 17:37, 20 August 2008 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(Signature/Date/Time attained by typing &lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki editor.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;


; Recent Changes - [[Special:Recentchanges| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]]
:The Recent Changes page is an automatically updated page that lists all changes, on all pages, made by any users, registered or anonymous. You can use it to track changes made to your Wiki and repair any vandalism or incorrect information that has been added.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>372</id>
      <parentid>355</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-09-15T20:41:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>/* Create an Account */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3341">[[Admin Hub|Return to Admin Hub]]


[[Image:pen.png|left]]
==Create an Account==
The first thing you should do in managing your Wiki is create a new account.
*Click [[Special:Userlogin|log in/create account]] in the upper-right-hand corner, and supply a username, password, and email address.
*Check your email for a confirmation link to activate all features of your account.


Once your account is active, you can begin building you wiki!

=Navigating Your Wiki=
;The Main Page - [[Main Page| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:At the heart of your Wiki is the Main Page, which, if structured properly, will serve as the access hub to all of your articles and information. On it you should probably put a brief table of contents, or links to the most important routing pages in the Wiki (e.g., a table of contents may contain links to an &quot;About Us&quot; page, a list of the Orders of the Class Scyphozoa, a page with links to other important sites, or any number of things.)


;Community Portal - [[The Scyphozoan:Community Portal| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/Small&gt;]
:The Community Portal is useful for getting your viewers involved with contributing to the site. You might want to post information about media you'd like for viewers to upload, or what kinds of contributions are helpful. This is also a good place to post link to other helpful informational sites about the subject at hand.


;Current Events - [[The Scyphozoan:Current events| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]] - [http://assets.ucmercedlibrary.info/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Scyphozoan:Current_events&amp;action=edit &lt;small&gt;(Edit)&lt;/small&gt;]
Current events is a good place to put your news - any old news you like will do. Not the most ideal replacement for a blog though; you may wish to use a dedicated blog program instead. If not, a good way to denote posts is as follows:


&lt;blockquote&gt;
== My Post Title ==
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Nam sed sem vel quam tempus cursus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis  egestas. Nunc vel neque. Cras varius velit. Proin lacinia vulputate augue. Curabitur risus nunc, auctor vitae, semper nec, ultrices a, odio. Fusce ante leo, tincidunt ut, viverra nec, fringilla eget, nisi. Fusce dignissim, nulla at [[laoreet eleifend]], mi erat hendrerit dolor, et ultrices sem odio lacinia eros. Curabitur euismod, risus dictum porta feugiat, dui nisl aliquam ante, posuere tincidunt ipsum pede vitae erat. Pellentesque et eros sed velit viverra dapibus. Aenean tellus libero, adipiscing ac, aliquam in, rhoncus vel, dui. Pellentesque facilisis vehicula velit.
--[[User:Admin|Admin]] 17:37, 20 August 2008 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(Signature/Date/Time attained by typing &lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki editor.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;


; Recent Changes - [[Special:Recentchanges| &lt;small&gt;(Visit)&lt;/small&gt;]]
:The Recent Changes page is an automatically updated page that lists all changes, on all pages, made by any users, registered or anonymous. You can use it to track changes made to your Wiki and repair any vandalism or incorrect information that has been added.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:Current Events</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>33</id>
    <revision>
      <id>173</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-14T19:57:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: the talk</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8">the talk</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1045</id>
      <parentid>173</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T05:28:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>[[The Scyphozoan talk:Current events]] moved to [[Talk:Current Events]]: Original incorrectly named</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8">the talk</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:Nemopilema nomurai</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>27</id>
    <revision>
      <id>156</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-14T19:19:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>169.236.62.135</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: the</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3">the</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>157</id>
      <parentid>156</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-14T19:19:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>169.236.62.135</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing all content from page</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>186</id>
      <parentid>157</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T17:29:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="15">
== Disputed ==</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>370</id>
      <parentid>186</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-09-15T20:36:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elin</username>
        <id>5</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Edible? */ new section</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="83">
== Disputed ==

== Edible? ==

I'm not sure if I would call it a low-quality food.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>371</id>
      <parentid>370</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-09-15T20:36:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elin</username>
        <id>5</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Disputed */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="99">== Disputed ==
What's disputed?

== Edible? ==

I'm not sure if I would call it a low-quality food.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Admin</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>16</id>
    <revision>
      <id>85</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-13T23:34:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: [[Image:mightymouse.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Mighty Mouse]]  == The Admin ==</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="73">[[Image:mightymouse.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Mighty Mouse]]

== The Admin ==</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>87</id>
      <parentid>85</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-13T23:35:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="48">[[Image:mightymouse.jpg|right]]

== The Admin ==</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>88</id>
      <parentid>87</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-13T23:35:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="47">[[Image:mightymouse.jpg|left]]

== The Admin ==</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>89</id>
      <parentid>88</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-13T23:36:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* The Admin */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="64">[[Image:mightymouse.jpg|left]]

== The Almighty Administrator ==</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>90</id>
      <parentid>89</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-13T23:36:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* The Almighty Administrator */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="87">[[Image:mightymouse.jpg|left]]

== The Almighty Administrator ==


This user [[rocks]].</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>92</id>
      <parentid>90</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-13T23:38:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* The Almighty Administrator */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="94">[[Image:mightymouse.jpg|left]]

== The Almighty Administrator ==


This user rocks your socks.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Dmancini</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>36</id>
    <revision>
      <id>179</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T16:47:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Some kid at U.C. Merced</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="23">Some kid at U.C. Merced</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Elin</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>54</id>
    <revision>
      <id>365</id>
      <timestamp>2008-09-15T19:34:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elin</username>
        <id>5</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: I'm the Digital Assets Librarian at [http://ucmercedlibrary.info UC Merced Library].</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="84">I'm the Digital Assets Librarian at [http://ucmercedlibrary.info UC Merced Library].</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:Acaiberrydiet</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>477</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1697</id>
      <timestamp>2011-12-14T09:58:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Acaiberrydiet</username>
        <id>467</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Why is Acai Berry Diet the Best Supplement?    If you are looking to add something worthwhile to your diet then '''[http://acaiberrydiet-experience.com/ Acai Berry Diet]''' is a valid cand...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2081">Why is Acai Berry Diet the Best Supplement?



If you are looking to add something worthwhile to your diet then '''[http://acaiberrydiet-experience.com/ Acai Berry Diet]''' is a valid candidate. Don’t opt for the supplements of Acai berry.

Just include this berry in your diet. It is not that much expensive either. This means that anyone can try this out.

There are supplements of Acai berry which actually work. Problem is that there are so many scams of this supplement that finding out the right one is difficult. Another reason to go for the natural product is that though the supplement works, it would still have some synthetic part it in. this might cause some side effects. By taking in a natural product you don’t need to bother with the side effects.

If you are a person thinking that this berry would allow you to lose weight just by eating it, then you are wrong. You can say that the advantages of an Acai berry diet would help the processes which burn calories.

This means that you still have to work out and diet. No matter what you might find out, the truth remains that there is no other way to reduce weight. There are ways of increasing the rate of weight reduction, but opting for synthetic supplements could cause harm.

Taking in natural supplements should be your approach. For instance, supplements reduce your weight by reducing the absorption of calories. The natural way of making your body do this is by eating an Apple daily. All the methods are present in the nature.

You might say that HCG is also a natural method. There is quite some difference between opting for Acai berry diet and HCG.

HCG is no doubt, natural. The problem is that HCG is a hormone produced to keep the fetus healthy by utilizing the fats of the pregnant woman. Using this method to reduce the fat of a normal person would produce side effects. Acai berry are made to eaten. Using anything in a way, for which it is not meant, can produce disastrous results.

For more information visit,

'''[http://acaiberrydiet-experience.com/acai-berry-scams/ Acai Berry Scams''''</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:AccidentInjury</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>508</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1738</id>
      <timestamp>2012-01-26T07:22:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AccidentInjury</username>
        <id>631</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''What a No Win No Fee Lawyer Can Do For You'''     Should you have been involved in an accident or injured in some other way that was not your fault then you are entitled to make a claim...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3585">'''What a No Win No Fee Lawyer Can Do For You'''




Should you have been involved in an accident or injured in some other way that was not your fault then you are entitled to make a claim for injury compensation.

The use of no win no fee lawyers are very widespread and this write-up explains.

Sustaining a major something will expertise even once in their lives.

Despite how careful a person is, he can just be as vulnerable to mishaps as all other people. You may be injured while you are at work, in a car, in the street or as an outcome of a medical malpractice. These kinds of injuries become the outcome of suffering and pain, and loss of earnings. In several situations, injuries change the everyday life of a certain individual in general. A no win no fee lawyer provides people the legal recommendation and helps those people who have suffered from such misfortunes and accidents. This kind of lawyer is committed to asking for compensation for these people.

A lot of people staying away from filing compensation claim as they believe they may be charged with bringing up such a case. 

As a matter of fact, it is the civil and legal right of an individual to obtain payment for the cost he has experienced for the proceedings of the involved third party. 

Compensation aids to resolve the financial difficulties following the misfortune of an individual. 

Overall, the medical action of such injuries is extremely expensive. Therefore, compensation is an asset in these kinds of situations.

The process of a no win no fee lawyer started way back in 1995.This allowed people all over than Great Britain to have a broader contact with legal systems. If a client loses a case, the client isn’t required to pay the lawyer. However, if the client wins, the third party, who is accountable for the specific accident, is the one who will pay the lawyer. Hence the plaintiff is not required to pay anything.

Because of the manner of how this scheme works, nearly all people have the privilege to use the services of such lawyers are assured to not lose. Overall, these lawyers take part in such court cases wherein they are guaranteed to not lose, or else they will obtain no payment. Hence, when employing the services of these kinds of lawyers, you are guaranteed that your claim will win.

Aside from the evident advantage of not being obliged to pay for the services of these kinds of lawyers - regardless of winning or losing the court case – the main profit of hiring a no win no fee lawyer is you will able to completely obtain the personal injury costs you are expected to get.

In simple terms, nothing of the compensation you will be given from your specific accident claim will be consumed in the costs and fees of the lawyer.

This means that the damages you are awarded can be put to beneficial use that it was designed for, paying you for the accident you have suffered.

Aside from that, since these lawyers are just paid once they win a personal injury court case, they have a tendency to be extremely proficient at their job and are professionals in the personal injury act.

As an outcome, these kinds of lawyers will most likely be able to provide you the best recommendation if your personal injury claim has a possibility of succeeding.



'''Resource''' -

You'll be able to aid with locating an incredibly expertise '''[http://www.accidentlinedirect.co.uk/Pages/no-win-no-fee.aspx no win no fee]''' lawyer to help you together with your '''[http://www.accidentlinedirect.co.uk/Pages/Home.aspx injury compensation]''' claim by going to our website.</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:AlfredoVB</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>317</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1318</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T06:01:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: ==Cyanea==  Hallo! I suppose [[:Category:Cyaneidae|this page]] can be useful to you. ~~~~</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="135">==Cyanea==

Hallo! I suppose [[:Category:Cyaneidae|this page]] can be useful to you. [[User:Mithril|Mithril]] 06:01, 9 March 2011 (UTC)</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:Asanavongsay</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>83</id>
    <revision>
      <id>518</id>
      <timestamp>2009-10-28T23:39:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Asanavongsay</username>
        <id>8</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Modified copy of Rhizostomeae Taxonomy page.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7843">'''Order Rhizostomeae Cuvier 1799''' 

''Characteristics of the Order (from Kramp 1961)'' 

Scyphomedusae with umbrella margin cleft into lappets; without marginal tentacles; without a central mouth opening, but with numerous mouths upon eight adradial, fleshy, branched, arm-like appendages arising from the centre of the subumbrella; with rhopalia between marginal clefts. 

----

&lt;br&gt; Based largely on Kramp (1961), Mianzan &amp;amp; Cornelius (1999) 

Collections: M = morphology, D = DNA. 

Type = * 

&lt;br&gt; 

{| border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| '''Family (8)''' 
| '''Genus (26)''' 
| '''Species (94) [91 morphological + 3 molecular]''' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | '''Collections'''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;12&quot; | [[Cassiopeidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 
| rowspan=&quot;12&quot; | ''Cassiopea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''andromeda''(Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Bermuda (D), Hawaii (D, M), Florida (D), Red Sea (D)
|-
| ''depressa'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''frondosa'' (Pallas 1774) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Florida (D), Panama (D)
|-
| ''medusa'' Light 1914 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''mertensi'' Brandt 1838 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''ndrosia'' Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''ornata'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Fiji (D), Kakaban (D, M), Palau (D, M)
|-
| ''picta'' Vanhöffen 1888 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''vanderhorsti'' Stiasny 1922 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| sp. 1 Holland et al. (2004) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D)
|-
| sp. 2 Holland et al. (2004) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | New Guinea (D)
|-
| sp. 3 Holland et al. (2004) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Hawaii (D, M), New Guinea (D)
|-
| rowspan=&quot;25&quot; | [[Catostylidae]] Gegenbaur 1857
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''Acromitoides'' Stiasny 1921 
| ''purpurus'' (Mayer 1910) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''stiphropterus'' (Schultze 1897) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | ''[[Acromitus]]'' Light 1914 
| ''flagellatus'' (Maas 1903) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
| ''hardenbergi'' Stiasny 1934 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''maculosus'' Light 1914 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''rabanchatu'' Annandale 1915 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''tankahkeei'' Light 1924 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;10&quot; | ''[[Catostylus]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''cruciatus'' (Lesson 1830) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1824) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Queensland (D), New South Wales (D, M), Tasmania (D, M), Victoria (D, M)
|-
| ''ornatellus'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''ouwensi'' Moestafa &amp;amp; McConnaughey 1966 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''perezi'' Ranson 1945 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''tagi'' (Haeckel 1869) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''townsendi'' Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Taiwan (D)
|-
| ''tripterus'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''turgescens'' (Schultze 1911) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''viridescens'' (Chun 1896) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | ''Crambione'' Maas 1903 
| ''bartschi'' (Mayer 1910) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''cooki'' Mayer 1910 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''mastigophora'' Maas 1903 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | ''[[Crambionella]]'' Stiasny 1921 
| ''annandalei'' Rao 1931 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''orsini'' (Vanhöffen 1888) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Persian Gulf (D)
|-
| ''stuhlmanni'' (Chun 1896) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; | ''Leptobrachia'' Brandt 1838 
| ''leptopus'' (Chamisso &amp;amp; Eysenhardt 1821) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;16&quot; | [[Cepheidae]] L. Agassiz 1862 
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | ''Cephea'' Péron &amp;amp; Lesueur 1810 
| ''cephea'' (Forskål 1775) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D), Kwajalein (D)
|-
| ''coerulea'' Vanhöffen 1902 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''conifera'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''octostyla'' (Forskål 1775) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| sp. Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| sp. Stiasny 1937 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| sp. Kramp 1958 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | ''Cotylorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''ambulacrata'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''erythraea'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''pacifica'' Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | ''Netrostoma'' L.S. Schultze 1898 
| ''coerulescens'' Maas 1903 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''dumokuroa'' (Agassiz &amp;amp; Mayer 1899) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''setouchianum'' (Kishinouye 1902) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''typhlodendrium'' L.S. Schultze 1898 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; | ''Polyrhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''vesiculosa'' (Ehrenberg 1835) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | Lychnorhizidae Haeckel 1880 
| ''Anomalorhiza'' Light 1921 
| ''shawi'' Light 1921 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Philippines (D, M)
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | ''Lychnorhiza'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''arubae'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''lucerna Haeckel 1880*'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''malayensis'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''Pseudorhiza'' von Lendenfeld 1882 
| ''aurosa'' von Lendenfeld 1882 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''haeckeli'' Haacke 1884 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | Lobonematidae Stiasny 1921 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''Lobonema'' Mayer 1910 
| ''mayeri'' Light 1914 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''smithi'' Mayer 1910 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | ''Lobonemoides'' Light 1914 
| ''gracilis'' Light 1914 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''robustus'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''sewelli'' Rao 1931 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;18&quot; | [[Mastigiidae]] Stiasny 1921 
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; | ''[[Mastigias]]'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''albipunctatus'' Stiasny 1920 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''andersoni'' Stiasny 1926 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''gracilis'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''ocellatus'' (Modeer 1791) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''pantherinus'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''[[Media:Papua.jpg|papua]]'' (Lesson 1830)* 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Berau (D, M), Japan (D, M), Palau (D, M),
|-
| ''roseus'' (Reynaud 1830) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''siderea'' Chun 1896 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| sp. Rao 1931 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; | ''Mastigietta'' Stiasny 1921 
| ''palmipes'' (Haeckel 1880) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | ''Phyllorhiza'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''luzoni'' Mayer 1915 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''pacifica'' (Light 1921) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''peronlesueuri'' Goy 1990 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''punctata'' von Lendenfeld 1884 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | ''Thysanostoma'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''flagellatum'' (Haeckel 1880) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''loriferum'' (Ehrenberg 1835) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''thysanura'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| ''Versuriga'' Kramp 1961 
| ''anadyomene'' (Maas 1903) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | Palau (D)
|-
| rowspan=&quot;11&quot; | Rhizostomatidae Cuvier 1799 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Eupilema Haeckel 1880 
| ''inexpectata'' Pages Gili &amp;amp; Bouillon 1992 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''scapulare'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''[[Nemopilema]]'' Kishinouye 1922 
| [[''nomurai'']] (Kishinouye 1922) * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | ''Rhizostoma'' Cuvier 1799 
| ''luteum'' (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard 1827) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''[[Octopus]]'' (Macri 1778) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''pulmo'' (Macri 1778)* 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | ''Rhopilema'' Haeckel 1880 
| ''esculentum'' Kishinouye 1891 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | China (D, M)
|-
| ''hispidum'' (Vanhöffen 1888) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''nomadica'' Galil, Spanier &amp;amp; Ferguson 1990 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''rhopalophorum'' Haeckel 1880 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''verrilli'' (Fewkes 1887) 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Stomolophidae Haeckel 1880 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''Stomolophus'' L. Agassiz 1862 
| ''fritillarius'' Haeckel 1880 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|-
| ''meleagris'' L. Agassiz 1862 * 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|}

&lt;br&gt; See Zoo Bank ([http://www.zoobank.org/query.htm]) for more information. 

''Compiled by M.N Dawson, G. Jarms, A.C. Morandini. Update pending.''</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:BestSeoServices</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>487</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1712</id>
      <timestamp>2012-01-01T04:13:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BestSeoServices</username>
        <id>526</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''How SEO Services Can supply Benefit to your enterprise'''    With a lot of internet so many web sites becoming developed each day and so many in existence already it is very important w...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3592">'''How SEO Services Can supply Benefit to your enterprise'''



With a lot of internet so many web sites becoming developed each day and so many in existence already it is very important which you use SEO services to increase your exposure.


This guide explains the advantages of this.Nowadays many individuals have started making use of distinct like Google, Yahoo, Bing, locating data related distinct topics.These search engines are extremely beneficial as they supply data on each and every and every topic.Search engines are also user friendly and it really is really easy to use them.

You just have to enter your query in the search engine and then just click on search and then the search engine will provide you a long list of web results which are related to your query.


Mostly people prefer opening those websites which are listed at the top of the from the results because simply because it is a common perception that these websites can provide better solutions to the queries.


The main objective of Seo is to help search engines in finding a specific site and rank it higher than the other millions of sites available and due to this high ranking people prefer visiting this site.These websites have better ranking than other websites because they use a very influential web marketing advertising technique commonly known as Search Engine Optimization (Seo).

Basically this marketing technique helps a site to get traffic from the search engines.SEO services can provide so many benefits to your business in many different ways. Many online businesses prefer using an Seo service because of their number of benefits.

By using these services a business can have following benefits :

Seo helps a website by increasing the traffic of those visitors and customers to the website of your business who want to know about your business and purchase your products.

Search engine optimization can help in creating as well as increasing brand awareness among present and potential customers of your business and this can lead to repeat purchases which boost the sales revenue of the business.

Search engine marketing can provide your company’s website a lot of exposure worldwide even if no transaction is made.

Highly potential customers can be brought to your website by using Seo so that they can purchase different products of your company.By using Search Engine Optimization a business and its different brands can get a high international profile.

Marketing of a business is very important for the success of a company and Search engine optimization can play a big role in doing this by bringing a high amount of return on the investment, which your companny makes.

A marketing campaign using Seo can help a company in increasing its sales volume as well|also|too|at the same time as it also improves and increase the overall turnover of your company.

The marketing campaign of Seo is considered as a very cost-effective campaign so investing a little amount of money in this campaign can give a huge amount of exposure to your business website.

A company’s website can get long-term benefits if the company properly design and optimize its website on the ranking lists which are considered as the favorite lists on Seo.

Hence, it is beneficial to use SEO to earn high amount of profits.



'''Resource'''



Search engine optimization can be a complex and time consuming job and it really is very best performed by experts.

At our web site we supply  a range of '''[http://www.seoservicesnow.co.uk/ SEO Services]''' to help you gain exposure for your web site.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:Bulkcandy</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>392</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1529</id>
      <timestamp>2011-09-30T09:28:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bulkcandy</username>
        <id>97</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Import Bulk Candy'''   There are so many ways to import whole sale candies. Import means you purchase your needy things from the other country. This is very common way of purchasing. By...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1989">'''Import Bulk Candy'''


There are so many ways to import whole sale candies. Import means you purchase your needy things from the other country. This is very common way of purchasing. By using the import technique you can buy your needy things.

This facility is also available on internet. Through internet you can purchase wholesale candies. Some websites needs the information about you. First of all on all websites you create your account and then demand for your '''[http://www.sweetservices.com/ Bulk Candy]'''.

You can purchase this type of candies on the different departmental stores and other big shop dealers. Different stores offer the different discount on the wholesale things, like candies, bubbles and other things.

Wholesale candies do not mean the brand of the candy is not famous and unknown for you. Wholesale offers are also available on the internet.

Some websites offers you to create your account on the website and pay your payment online and purchase the candies and other necessary things online. Import whole sale candies facility is available on the internet. To sit on your home you can purchase it online. This website is called “Amazon”. From this website you can purchase wholesale fatty candy by an easiest way. In this type of candies there are a lot of fats which is present in it. You can purchase it in dollars and also in the other currency.

You can import the whole sale candies by your friend help and also via air. By air import of whole sale candies is very expensive as compare to the other import facilities.

This type of candies you can import from the western countries on wholesale sale. Whole sale is that type of marketing in which you get the bundle of things which you required in a less amount as compare to the market rates. Import wholesale candies are very useful by the traders.

For more information visit,

'''[http://flyerguide.com/wiki/index.php/User:Bulkcandy http://flyerguide.com/wiki/index.php/User:Bulkcandy]'''</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:Caketoppers</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>491</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1718</id>
      <timestamp>2012-01-03T11:59:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caketoppers</username>
        <id>535</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''The Best Wedding Cake Topper Ideas to Explore'''    A '''[http://www.weddingcollectibles.com/WeddingCakeToppers.html Wedding Cake Topper]''' can be used to bring out several aspects in ...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2078">'''The Best Wedding Cake Topper Ideas to Explore'''



A '''[http://www.weddingcollectibles.com/WeddingCakeToppers.html Wedding Cake Topper]''' can be used to bring out several aspects in a wedding and it is for that reason they are made using different types of materials as well as designs, shapes and sizes just to satisfy the needs of each and every person.

In case you are planning to make your most important day very colorful yet you do not know how to do it then this article will touch on some ideas of a cake topper to consider for your wedding to help shape your decision.

Monogram is one of the cake toppers and even though it looks to be simple when seen through a naked eye it comes with class to bring out your true personality.

You can choose that which is coated with gold or silver lining but their prices will differ accordingly. There are also comical cake tops which will live up to their name and offer unrivaled fun to your wedding guests.

They come in a variety of versions for your choice which you should take advantage of to get the best one.

Additionally, you can get an ethnic wedding cake topper to bring about the feeling of the bride and groom’s backgrounds as well as play the binding role.

They also resemble their specific cultural backgrounds thus are more suited for a traditional wedding. Mets-themed cake tops on the other hand come with more sporty themes and would suit your weeding if you love any sport.

With all these choices available for you in the market, leave to it that you have chosen the right type that matches your day’s theme and setting. Try as much as possible to harmonize your interests with those of your partner to ensure you come up with one common thing that is acceptable to both parties.

In case you fail to reach a compromise then consult a wedding expert for more guidance.

It will be very unfortunate for your wedding to remain dull when there is a wedding cake topper available to lighten the day’s mood. Always go out for the best type and your special day will be one to remember for decades.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:Christmasmusic</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>449</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1662</id>
      <timestamp>2011-11-05T09:13:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Christmasmusic</username>
        <id>182</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Learning Christmas Sheet Music'''   There is a misconception that learning '''[http://www.paultobey.com/christmas-sheet-music.html Christmas Sheet Music]''' is very hard. But it may be ...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1829">'''Learning Christmas Sheet Music'''


There is a misconception that learning '''[http://www.paultobey.com/christmas-sheet-music.html Christmas Sheet Music]''' is very hard. But it may be bit hard for those who do not have any knowledge in the music.

But for those who have at least a little knowledge in music can learn Christmas Sheet Music very quickly. Christmas Sheet Music is a very traditional method of music that is played mostly during the gatherings in the season of Christmas.

The Christmas Sheet Music basically contains the set of chords that can be well played on piano. Though we can use any musical instrument to play Christmas Sheet Music, everyone prefers it playing on piano, because the melodies are best suited for piano.

Lyrics of this carol based on the feelings of someone about the Christmas or something else about the Christmas. Before playing a Christmas Sheet Music, one should have knowledge on what type of music tone they are going to play.

The person should have basic knowledge like reading the notes from the theme. Usually Christmas Sheet Music is composed in a predefined structure.

This is not at all as easy as writing it in this article. Before getting to know about Christmas Sheet Music, you need to have sound knowledge on some basic things like delays, pauses, rhythm, note, and basic structure of the notes.

The player should be able to sing the pitch of each note from the Christmas Sheet Music. Note details will differ from instrument to instrument.

For instance, you may need to use an affect in piano for little though you do not know how long to hold it, but for an orchestra it is not like that.

So, overall you should have little knowledge in the music to entertain the people at a function, before you decide to learn Christmas Sheet Music in the Christmas Function.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:CollegeBooks</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>489</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1715</id>
      <timestamp>2012-01-01T07:38:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CollegeBooks</username>
        <id>528</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''How You'll be able to Funds on Your College Textbooks'''      With costs rising  each year the buy of college textbooks becomes a lot more and a lot more costly.This guide will show you...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3336">'''How You'll be able to Funds on Your College Textbooks'''





With costs rising  each year the buy of college textbooks becomes a lot more and a lot more costly.This guide will show you the best way to save cash on these books which you want.With each and every passing year, the yearly expenditures are becoming increasingly high at college.With the inflation rate setting in as well as the escalating costs, the college expense is certainly going to rise together with it.If you'll find plans for you to enter college, you ought to be mentally prepared to come across all those expenditures.You will be paying around about $8000 for college textbooks each year.Also, do not forget to add an boost of 6% that comes each year.

Yes, this is just insane.

College textbooks are certainly crucial for education and you cannot do without them.You've  to spend cash on your books but utilizing some there may some thing that may assist decrease the added cost.

Clearly, the first that can save you a lot is by just borrowing them.

Some colleges and universities also provide the text material and all the other reading material on the premises.

However, there is a long line of students already in that area who are just dying to get those cheap college textbooks.

However, you can work around the schedule; end up going to borrow them when they are usually out partying or in their dorms or just sleeping for that matter.

The off timings might just help. 

Also choosing a different yearly course schedule can also be a better option because all those books will be free in the off schedule.

The other option that can be availed is to try out the professors since they always have a whole lot of extra books and you can always borrow from them for the time being.

They can provide you a copy of the book if they have a few.This can really save up on a lot of money.Especially if there are books from which you are only going to be reading a few chapters from instead of the whole book also makes it unnecessary to buy it. 

There are other options also where you can photocopy the essential information from a book so you do not have to purchase the book.You can have a copy of it with yourself too.Your foremost option should be to use the college library since that it the largest resource that is your option, all the appropriate data and books are available there.

If you are caught in a situation where you have no choice but to purchase the books, and there are time constraints and you do not want to waste your time going back and forth to the library to get the books.Purchasing them might just be the convenient option but it is an expensive deal.You can start selling out all your old books that you do not need and sell these books that you are using right now once your year or semester is over.This will at least save you half the price to purchase the new round of books.Inflation still hits you with this, but the cost might just be a little less than expected.


'''Source'''


You'll be able to save a whole lot of funds on your '''[http://www.wholesalecollegetextbooks.com/ college textbooks]''' by visiting our internet website.

We have a huge range of '''[http://www.wholesalecollegetextbooks.com/buy-college-textbooks.php cheap college textbooks]''' and we can supply assistance on what books you'll need.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:Curlyhair</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>386</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1521</id>
      <timestamp>2011-09-28T10:54:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Curlyhair</username>
        <id>93</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Important mistake that occurs while giving style to Curly hairs'''   The women having '''[http://www.curls.biz/ Curly hair]''' can sometimes looks very gorgeous and attractive but it on...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1860">'''Important mistake that occurs while giving style to Curly hairs'''


The women having '''[http://www.curls.biz/ Curly hair]''' can sometimes looks very gorgeous and attractive but it only happens when they take care of your hairs and provide the require nutrients. But if you cannot take care of these curl hairs then they may look worst on your shoulders.

There are certain techniques that you can use to fulfill your desire of having curly hairs in a stylish way. But sometimes if these techniques go wrong then you look completely out of style and looks so it is very important that whenever you wanted to adopted a style try to do it through professionals.

The first important thing that counts a lot in styling your hairs is your haircut. Some times when you go to hairdressers they make certain mistakes that will not go well with the curly hairs they make these mistakes because they treat such hairs same as the straight or wavy hairs. So you should go to that hairdresser who seems comfortable in cutting curly hairs.

The next important thing that you should care off is that you must not use every product that tells you that it is the best curly hairs product until you will be satisfied with it completely.

This is important because most of the issues took place when you use any product without looking at its different aspects such as what are the ingredients it made off and how to use it and at what condition of hairs it is best suitable. So while choosing any product you must be careful about all these aspects.

The other thing that mostly creates trouble for curly hair people is the excessive use of any product so you should apply any product according to the instructions of the expert hairdressers.

For more information visit,

'''[http://www.dwiki.biz/wiki/User_talk:Curlyhair http://www.dwiki.biz/wiki/User_talk:Curlyhair]'''</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:DietSolutions</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>505</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1735</id>
      <timestamp>2012-01-23T12:15:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DietSolutions</username>
        <id>622</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Reduce Fat Increase Muscles'''  You can expect bigger and better results if you are able learn and apply more proven bodybuilding techniques with '''[http://pyournutrition.com/ Diet Sol...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1528">'''Reduce Fat Increase Muscles'''

You can expect bigger and better results if you are able learn and apply more proven bodybuilding techniques with '''[http://pyournutrition.com/ Diet Solution Program]'''.

The basics of muscle body building techniques you can learn are all the same.

If you are doing less intensive workouts your body will be quite comfortable with the strain and will not try to develop muscles.

Your body has the capability only to respond to your needs.

The body is aware of the remaining reserve of energy after workouts.

When you are leaving the gym with more energy and muscles to be worked out the body is comfortable with it.

It cannot identify the fact that you are looking for more muscles.

Intensity of workouts does not taking a lot of weight and making a mess with it.

A quantifiable measurement must be maintained in the workouts.

The way you are doing the workouts is the real difference maker.

This difference can determine the minimum and maximum gains.

The gym trainers who are experienced in the field will be closely watching to identify this difference.

A skinny guy can turn into a good body builder when he realizes the importance of intensity and start doing the focused workouts.

This does not mean that you should give importance only for increasing intensity with '''[http://pyournutrition.com/ Diet Solution]'''.

You cannot always master all the aspects of intensity.

You will always get a chance to change and convince the body regarding the importance of intensity.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:Ecommercesolutions</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>466</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1681</id>
      <timestamp>2011-11-21T10:30:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ecommercesolutions</username>
        <id>307</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: ''''Ecommerce Solutions for Effective Online Shopping'''    Online shopping is almost a craze nowadays. The leading brands of appliances, gadgets and apparel now offer their products onlin...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2142">''''Ecommerce Solutions for Effective Online Shopping'''



Online shopping is almost a craze nowadays. The leading brands of appliances, gadgets and apparel now offer their products online. And at the same, they even offer promos and discounts for their online shoppers With '''[http://www.finestshops.com/ Ecommerce Solutions]'''.

Auctions are also popular happenings in online shops. People bid for different products. Sometimes, they even get products for very low prices.

Even memorabilia are placed for bid on these sites. Whatever the products are, there is a market online. And this fact makes ecommerce solutions very vital in the business industry nowadays.

Efficiency is the main offering of the online shops. People save ample amount of resources by being able to shop in their homes. While some people enjoy shopping in malls, there are times when it becomes impractical like when they get tied up at work.

This calls for measures that will allow them to multitask. Online shopping is a great way to do this task. Even when you are in the office or sick at home, you can order things and have them waiting at your doorstep in no time.

Money is also saved when you do online shopping.Through the latest tools, you can even compare prices of single product in various online shops.This way, you are able to find your best and cheapest options in a single click. You also save money on gas and other related expenses when you shop for various things in one sitting. Some online shops even offer discounts or free shipping when you buy a number of their products.

And last but not the least is the security. Online purchases can be paid using a credit card or wireless money transfer. Through these transactions, you waive the risk of being robbed outside. Ecommerce solutions optimize the security features of each site so you need not worry about where your money is going. Just key in you identification and you will get everything that you want in a split second.

For more information visit,

'''[http://flyerguide.com/wiki/index.php/User:Ecommercesolutions http://flyerguide.com/wiki/index.php/User:Ecommercesolutions]'''</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:FinancingRims</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>471</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1687</id>
      <timestamp>2011-11-28T05:40:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>FinancingRims</username>
        <id>368</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Rims Financing - Get Easy Approvals to Modify Your Car Tires'''      I know there are many questions you have in your mind like,  (1) Are you in need of new rims? (2) Do you want the be...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2533">'''Rims Financing - Get Easy Approvals to Modify Your Car Tires'''





I know there are many questions you have in your mind like,

(1) Are you in need of new rims?
(2) Do you want the best quality rims? 
(3) Do you want it cheap?

To solve all above question easily online, just go through once with below given article.

At very first want to introduce about Rims, yes they are really expensive, cost up to a thousand dollars depending on the brand, style, make and model of your car that’s why people choose to finance their wheels.

'''[http://www.sacramentocustomwheels.com/ Rims Financing]''' give people the opportunity to own new and affordable wheels. It allows people to purchase quality wheels at the lowest price. To avail this service, you need to meet some requirements like, your age must be at least 21 years, must have a valid driver's license which is usually for proof of identification so it is important that you have one.

You own the car so need to prove your ownership of the car as well,  must at least have the capability to repay your wheels.

You need to have good credit history. This requirement is not common to all financing companies. There are rims financing companies who do not require their customers to have good credit history. Some of them even specialize with bad credit score. You need to find these rims financing companies which do not require good credit history. There are out there.

Some '''[http://www.sacramentocustomwheels.com/ financing rims]''' companies require their customers to present proof of payment or statement of account.

There are at least two thousand different rims styles available in the market. 

If you are particular with your car's style, you can choose the most trendy and good looking rims for your car. 

You should not be restricted by your car's make and model. There are various rims to choose from which can readily fit your car.

It is just really a matter getting the perfect fitment. You can ask the help from the experts provided by these companies too.

To further your savings, rim and tire packages are offered by these financing companies. Package deals cost less than individual packages of '''[http://www.sacramentocustomwheels.com/ wheels financing]'''.

You can get these wheels cheaper than the usual cost. Even though it is a package deal, wheels styles and brands are not limited to one style or one brand. 

You can freely choose from the same wheel collections provided by the company. Set your car in motion with new rims and tires!</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:FindsLove</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>490</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1717</id>
      <timestamp>2012-01-01T14:44:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>FindsLove</username>
        <id>529</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Now You Can Actually Find Love If You Follow This Guide'''     If you are feeling genuinely lonely and should find love then it can be no very good sitting at property feeling sorry for...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3444">'''Now You Can Actually Find Love If You Follow This Guide'''




If you are feeling genuinely lonely and should find love then it can be no very good sitting at property feeling sorry for your self you should have a strategy of action.

This guide will clarify what you should do.No matter whether you have suffered from a heart break  recently or you have in no way been in really like till date, really like is something everybody craves for all of the time.

You may possibly be professionally in the zenith of one's profession, but if you don't have that special an individual inside your life with whom you can share your happiness and your success or failure, you feel incomplete.

Obtaining really like just not a routine approach exactly where check out some internet sites  and visit some areas and bingo, you have your really like. It truly is diverse for diverse men and women and may be identified approaches.

Socialize to find the person that You Want -

If you stay inside your house all day, then it is difficult for you to find love.

Remember that for anyone to fall in love with you or for you to fall in love with someone, you have to meet that person and vice versa.

And it is not just meeting one person and finding your love.

You might have 100 friends of the opposite sex and suddenly a stranger fills the vacuum for you and you fall for him or her.

So, unless you go out and be friendly with a lot of people, you will not to meet people and start a relationship.

This is one of the best and most helpful ways by which you can achieve what you want.

Interaction with others gives you an insight into the perspective and thought process of that person and allows that person as well|also|too|at the same time to realize your likes and dislikes. Such interactions can also pave the way for you to find love in one such person who you think is similar to the kind of person you would want to date.

Find A Partner Through The Virtual World -

With the internet opening up a whole new world of opportunity where virtual romance and virtual love is rampant, you can use this to find a potential partner.

There are many ways in the virtual world by way of which you can initiate the process.

There are social networking sites where you can talk to people you barely know and check your compatibility with that person.

There are possibilities for you to find a match by going for blind dates or online dating and ultimately to meet with them.

It is important to remember though that there have been cases when out of the two peopley involved in blind or online dating, one turned out to be a fraudster who is trying to|attempting to fool the other partner.

So, be a little careful about that before you take the leap.Thus , you could try the methods of the online world and meet that special person.

Just Act Normally, you have to be your true your self. 

If you are aiming to find love, you have to realize that you cannot fake it with your potential partner.

You are looking to spend your life with this person and faking anything will just destroy the relationship from the start.



'''Resource'''


If you need to see a lot more techniques in which you can '''[http://www.bestflirtlines.com/ find love]''' then take a look at our web site.

If you are a girl then there is a unique page on '''[http://www.bestflirtlines.com/how-to-make-a-man-fall-in-love-with-you how to make a man fall in love with you]'''.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:Golfclubs</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>506</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1736</id>
      <timestamp>2012-01-24T11:05:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Golfclubs</username>
        <id>624</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Golf Clubs - The Gift That Keeps On Giving'''   The purchase of your first set of golf clubs can be a bit intimidating. Not only is it a rather hefty investment, but it is also a bit of...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1958">'''Golf Clubs - The Gift That Keeps On Giving'''


The purchase of your first set of golf clubs can be a bit intimidating. Not only is it a rather hefty investment, but it is also a bit of an unknown. Are you going to love golf forever, or is it going to be a passing fad like that speed bag you have hanging in your garage still? Do you need the top of the line brand, or can you settle for the not-so-cool, but exceptionally less expensive brand? Are you willing to devote every Saturday for the rest of your adult life to golf, or are you going to be more of a once a month kind of golfer?

These are all questions that bear asking (and answering) before you take the leap from someone interested in golf, to someone who plays golf.

A consideration that should be made when deciding on your first purchase is the history of golf. Golf has been played for well over a hundred years by some of the greatest men (and women) of our time.

Many fathers have passed their clubs, and their love of the game, on to their sons and daughters who have in turn passed them on to their own children.

Golf is more than just a sport, it is a tradition. Even a young man who just picks up the clubs every few weeks for a quick round with his buddies will, in his older years, pick up the game again and remember with fondness the time spent on the links with the friends of his youth.

There are, in truth, very few people who get to the point in their journey with golf where they are ready to purchase a set of  golf clubs of their own and choose later to abandon the sport entirely.
 
You, like many before you will likely end up passing your first set of golf clubs on to your own son or daughter. As you decide on this first purchase, you don’t have to choose the best or most expensive. Pick the clubs that you love, and someday someone you love will love them as well.

For more information visit,

'''[http://www.budgetgolf.com/ http://www.budgetgolf.com/]'''</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:HelenHorton</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>258</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1093</id>
      <timestamp>2010-12-15T16:52:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>HelenHorton</username>
        <id>26</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: In response to this and other claims by the DOJ regarding the legality of online poker, many of the major online poker sites stopped advertising their &quot;dot-com&quot; sites in American media. In...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="479">In response to this and other claims by the DOJ regarding the legality of online poker, many of the major online poker sites stopped advertising their &quot;dot-com&quot; sites in American media. Instead, they created &quot;dot-net&quot; sites that are virtually identical but offer no real money wagering. The sites advertise as poker schools or ways to learn the game for free, and feature words to the effect of &quot;this is not a gambling website.&quot;

* [http://www.pokerenfrancais.eu/ poker en ligne]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:HockeyShops</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>501</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1731</id>
      <timestamp>2012-01-20T07:10:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>HockeyShops</username>
        <id>620</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''One of the greatest hockey shops in Germany - Hockey Shop Forster'''      As a sport, ice hockey has grown immensely over the years.   Its popularity has increased so greatly that even ...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2021">'''One of the greatest hockey shops in Germany - Hockey Shop Forster'''





As a sport, ice hockey has grown immensely over the years. 

Its popularity has increased so greatly that even people from warmer areas have created ice skating rinks just to play this sport.

It is no wonder that hockey equipment shops are everywhere these days.

'''[http://www.hockeyshop-forster.de/ One of the greatest hockey shops in Germany]''' have everything that you need to play hockey.

There are actually different types of hockey, and playing it on the ice is just one of them.

Other forms include field hockey where players use hockey sticks to shoot a ball or a &quot;puck&quot; through the opponent's net over grassy terrain. 

Another form of hockey is called inline hockey or roller hockey. This hockey sport combines inline skating and ice hockey in one game.

This game is usually played on asphalt or concrete streets and it also uses a ball instead of a flat disk.

Finding the right gear for inline hockey at '''[http://www.hockeyshop-forster.de/ Hockey Shop for inline]''' is not that difficult at all.

Since this sport is like ice hockey in many ways, the sticks used in this game are not that different from the ones used in ice hockey.

Safety gear is also the same as with ice hockey.

Each player is required to wear helmets, shin guards, hockey shoulder pads, elbow pads, among other things. 

The main difference is the kind of skates used. You need to have inline skates which are sold in almost every sports shops out there.

Among the finest approaches to safeguard your important ice hockey accessories is to buy a carrier to store and carry it in; these kinds of bags come in various sizes and shapes.

You can purchase a suitable bag from most ice hockey gear internet sites and shops.

Player's bags are generally for all your equipment such as uniform, protective gear and anything else.

For more information just visit,

'''[http://www.hockeyshop-forster.de/ Hockey Shop Forster Your reseller for ice hockey]'''</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:Homemadeenergy</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>495</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1723</id>
      <timestamp>2012-01-09T11:49:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Homemadeenergy</username>
        <id>546</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Homemade Solar Energy'''     It is common knowledge that the sun is a natural source of energy, and with the help of the sun everyone can make their own '''[http://www.homemadeenergy-re...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1910">'''Homemade Solar Energy'''




It is common knowledge that the sun is a natural source of energy, and with the help of the sun everyone can make their own '''[http://www.homemadeenergy-reviews.com/ Homemade Energy]'''.

If used properly than it can also be a very cheap source of energy.

An interesting fact is that in a span of just 60 minutes or so, our planet gains enough raw energy from the sun to light up each and every light in the world for a full year.

But our bad luck is this; only a small part of that raw energy can be processed and made ready for use. That is why most of us still buy our energy from the authorities.

But in recent years, it has been observed that there is an increasing trend in the demand for solar energy.

This is mostly due to the fact, that the prices for setting up solar panels are becoming cheaper and cheaper because of the advancement in technology.  This is actually a good thing for the environment.

The process of making energy from solar panels is quite simple. The panel absorbs the sunlight, and this sunlight then shines on a power receiver.

The receiver converts the sunlight into steam. That steam is then taken to tanks where it will find its use in spinning turbines which will in result generate electricity . This process is a clean process. It doesn’t pollute the planet or contribute to the increase in global warming.
Solar panels have another advantage.

They take minimal maintenance and they can be placed anywhere where they can receive a good amount of sunlight.

There is no doubt that in the future, non-conventional means of energy will be used. This homemade energy will be used on a big scale. And the most used way of generating energy would definitely be the solar energy.

Homemade energy in the form of solar energy is much better than the normal ways of making energy because it is easy to use and is also better for the planet.</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:Honeymoonpackages</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>478</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1699</id>
      <timestamp>2011-12-16T09:41:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Honeymoonpackages</username>
        <id>469</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Maldives honeymoon packages abroad for happy couples'''    The happy couples are those who have love marriage.  The love marriage is an increasing trend among the young peoples. The dev...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2031">'''Maldives honeymoon packages abroad for happy couples'''



The happy couples are those who have love marriage.

The love marriage is an increasing trend among the young peoples. The developed countries are adopting this trend but really fast that’s why the honeymoon is also getting popularity.

The Maldives '''[http://www.maldiveshoneymoonpackagetours.com/ honeymoon packages abroad]''' are best for the happy couples because these packages include the best place and travel costs.

The people who liked someone and then getting married with them are really lucky. I can’t explain the highness of luck and fate for these people who got someone beloved and fortune for the entire life. Here, I am going to talk about the honeymoon packages.

Which package should be discussed? It is a difficult matter for most of the new wed couples but not for the love couples. Do you love someone? If you are getting married with your beloved girl and boy then you must decide for the honeymoon before marriage.

Why it is needed for happy couples? You have good relations and understandings but you need to see these things in a new way.

The Maldives honeymoon packages will provide you best company timings and situations to share the new experience of love and passion.

No doubt, you have everything in between you and your spouse-to-be but it is important to explain the emotions and feelings once again.

For this you need honeymoon. Marriage is a second name of responsibility so people have to give chance to each others to understand personalities, tastes, likeness and dislikes. The people who are looking for the honeymoon tours in Maldives should arrange the tour before wedding day. It is not necessary all the times but if you want to start your new life with fast passion and love then honeymoon is waiting for you.

The happy couples must visit the Maldives where oceans and green tries are waiting for them. The Maldives honeymoon packages will make it easy for them to decide the honeymoon company with their spouses.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:ITBackup</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>504</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1734</id>
      <timestamp>2012-01-23T07:04:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ITBackup</username>
        <id>621</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Perfect IT Backup and Recovery Solution for 2012'''    For a fledgling business, nothing is as important as the backup solutions you use for your data; the data your company has is the ...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2396">'''Perfect IT Backup and Recovery Solution for 2012'''



For a fledgling business, nothing is as important as the backup solutions you use for your data; the data your company has is the lifeblood of your business and without it, you'd be left in truly dire straits.

'''[http://www.itbackupinabox.com.au/ IT Backup]''' solutions come in two main groups: long term backup, and short term backup. 

The best combination of the two is totally dependent on your work environment and needs; armed with the information in this article, you'll be able to make an informed decision for your business.

Short term backup is the simpler of the two; short term backups are backups made on another hard drive or similar media, and contain an image of a file at a particular time. The most popular windows-based solution is a product called Volume Shadow Copy, an inbuilt feature of windows. VSC and the accompanying volume shadow copy service take instant, detailed images of your files, and store them in offsite. Your IT solution can use these files to replace accidentally deleted or missing files in seconds, and is a painless way to avoid calamities.

Short Term '''[http://www.itbackupinabox.com.au/ Backup Solutions]''' are fine for small backups, but for larger and more complete image files, a business need turn to a more long term solution. One of the most popular long term backup solutions is a tape-based deck, that holds information on a magnetic reel. These can hold massive amounts of data, and can be stored off site. The major benefit of being stored in a far off location is, if something were to happen to the actual building your business is located in, you can rest easy knowing that all of your data is stored elsewhere.

No matter the solution you choose, having a backup in effect is crucial for every business. 

Accidents do happen, and those ill prepared will suffer while those who put the time and effort into backups will survive fine. In a business climate that's competitive and cutthroat, having any and every advantage is vital to have your business survive, and flourish in hard times.

This is doubly true for those businesses headed and staffed by a handful of people: any task you can delegate elsewhere is time saved and money made. In the end, those who are pragmatic and do frequent '''[http://www.itbackupinabox.com.au/ backup]''' will be the ones left standing.</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:Kursid174</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>390</id>
    <redirect title="Electric Cigarette Reviews" />
    <revision>
      <id>1526</id>
      <timestamp>2011-09-29T08:58:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kursid174</username>
        <id>91</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[User talk:Kursid174]] moved to [[Electric Cigarette Reviews]]</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="40">#REDIRECT [[Electric Cigarette Reviews]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:Mayafox12</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>342</id>
    <redirect title="Models with e cigarette" />
    <revision>
      <id>1461</id>
      <timestamp>2011-08-08T07:15:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mayafox12</username>
        <id>51</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[User talk:Mayafox12]] moved to [[Models with e cigarette]]</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="37">#REDIRECT [[Models with e cigarette]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:MeetSingles</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>488</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1713</id>
      <timestamp>2012-01-01T05:29:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MeetSingles</username>
        <id>527</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''The best way to Meet Single Folks inside your nearby region on the internet'''      Relationships are often complex and meeting folks for the very first time may be quite hard for a lot...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3939">'''The best way to Meet Single Folks inside your nearby region on the internet'''





Relationships are often complex and meeting folks for the very first time may be quite hard for a lot of singles out around.The web has helped to create this less difficult as well as the|along with the advantages of meeting folks on the internet first are explained here.

Do you locate it tough to meet singles in your area?

Nicely, this is undoubtedly the perfect time for you to go online and meet singles who may well share the same interests as you.

Though some singles don't encounter any problems in getting acquainted with other people that are of the same civil status, there are still a lot of individuals who encounter difficulties in meeting single people in their own locality.Some of them are being overpowered by shyness, something that is understandable.

However, there are some who simply do not have the guts for approaching a person and striking a meaningful conversation with that individual.

If this is your case, the internet is here to your rescue.You can never deny the fact that the introduction of the internet has unmistakably altered a lot of the different aspects of people’s lives, including dating and love.Before the internet, the sole means for you to meet singles in your area is by going out and getting introduced to someone.

But now that times have changed, you can easily meet other singles, courtesy of websites dedicated for unattached individuals who would like to meet other singles in the hopes of finding someone who might catch their interest.

If you experienced going out on several dates only to find yourself disappointed with the person that you met, there is no longer a need for you to lose your hopes entirely because simply because there are still plenty of ways for you to meet someone, a meeting that might blossom into a wonderful relationship.Whether you do not have the luxury of time going out and dating people or you are not confident of your social skills, online dating can be your best choice.

But how do you meet single people online?

Well, the first thing that you need to do is to join single dating sites online. 

You only need to register, post some photos of yourself and start making friends with other singles there.

In no time, you will  surely meet someone who shares the same interests with you or someone who actually takes an interest in you.

Many people find it hard being themselves when they are surrounded by strangers, something that can certainly hinder them from getting acquainted with someone special.

But when you go online, you will be able to show the real you without any worries of getting your chances ruined by first impressions.

The best thing about meeting people online is the fact that you will get the chance of knowing their real personality since you are both free to chat and talk without feeling any pressure of having to dress up and act based on dating norms.

The moment you already know that person| sufficiently, you will only need to take some time before deciding if you are ready for taking things to a higher level and meet with him or her personally. 

This way, there will no longer be any feeling of awkwardness and discomfort because you have already gotten to know each other well before meeting in person.

You might not be able to meet singles in your area now, but online, you will have better chances of meeting or who knows, even starting a serious relationship with someone whom you want to share the rest of your life with.




'''Resource'''


A great deal of people think that World wide web dating will not locate them nearby folks but our web site internet site will show you how to '''[http://www.meetsinglesinyourarea.net/ meet singles in your area]'''.

You will be surprised at the number of ''''[http://www.meetsinglesinyourarea.net/ singles in your area]''' that you can locate once you know what to do.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1714</id>
      <parentid>1713</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-01-01T05:30:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MeetSingles</username>
        <id>527</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3938">'''The best way to Meet Single Folks inside your nearby region on the internet'''





Relationships are often complex and meeting folks for the very first time may be quite hard for a lot of singles out around.The web has helped to create this less difficult as well as the|along with the advantages of meeting folks on the internet first are explained here.

Do you locate it tough to meet singles in your area?

Nicely, this is undoubtedly the perfect time for you to go online and meet singles who may well share the same interests as you.

Though some singles don't encounter any problems in getting acquainted with other people that are of the same civil status, there are still a lot of individuals who encounter difficulties in meeting single people in their own locality.Some of them are being overpowered by shyness, something that is understandable.

However, there are some who simply do not have the guts for approaching a person and striking a meaningful conversation with that individual.

If this is your case, the internet is here to your rescue.You can never deny the fact that the introduction of the internet has unmistakably altered a lot of the different aspects of people’s lives, including dating and love.Before the internet, the sole means for you to meet singles in your area is by going out and getting introduced to someone.

But now that times have changed, you can easily meet other singles, courtesy of websites dedicated for unattached individuals who would like to meet other singles in the hopes of finding someone who might catch their interest.

If you experienced going out on several dates only to find yourself disappointed with the person that you met, there is no longer a need for you to lose your hopes entirely because simply because there are still plenty of ways for you to meet someone, a meeting that might blossom into a wonderful relationship.Whether you do not have the luxury of time going out and dating people or you are not confident of your social skills, online dating can be your best choice.

But how do you meet single people online?

Well, the first thing that you need to do is to join single dating sites online. 

You only need to register, post some photos of yourself and start making friends with other singles there.

In no time, you will  surely meet someone who shares the same interests with you or someone who actually takes an interest in you.

Many people find it hard being themselves when they are surrounded by strangers, something that can certainly hinder them from getting acquainted with someone special.

But when you go online, you will be able to show the real you without any worries of getting your chances ruined by first impressions.

The best thing about meeting people online is the fact that you will get the chance of knowing their real personality since you are both free to chat and talk without feeling any pressure of having to dress up and act based on dating norms.

The moment you already know that person| sufficiently, you will only need to take some time before deciding if you are ready for taking things to a higher level and meet with him or her personally. 

This way, there will no longer be any feeling of awkwardness and discomfort because you have already gotten to know each other well before meeting in person.

You might not be able to meet singles in your area now, but online, you will have better chances of meeting or who knows, even starting a serious relationship with someone whom you want to share the rest of your life with.




'''Resource'''


A great deal of people think that World wide web dating will not locate them nearby folks but our web site internet site will show you how to '''[http://www.meetsinglesinyourarea.net/ meet singles in your area]'''.

You will be surprised at the number of '''[http://www.meetsinglesinyourarea.net/ singles in your area]''' that you can locate once you know what to do.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:Nilecruises</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>396</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1539</id>
      <timestamp>2011-10-03T11:44:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nilecruises</username>
        <id>104</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Nile Cruise- Discover Egypt like you has never known her before!'''    If you want to actually feel the ambience of Egypt and lose yourself in all the surprises that the country has to ...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1969">'''Nile Cruise- Discover Egypt like you has never known her before!'''



If you want to actually feel the ambience of Egypt and lose yourself in all the surprises that the country has to offer then a '''[http://www.nile-cruise.com/ Nile Cruise Egypt]''' is what you should actually begin with.

A cruise should be that relaxing experience where you are floating on a boat upon the Nile and passing through brilliant scenery and tombstones- all active members of Egypt’s enticing history.
 
The following are some of the treats that you should be looking forward to on such a cruise through Nile.

Aswan:

It is that tranquil city that resides on the eastern facade of Nile. Aswan has earned all the reputation for brilliantly showing off the beauty that resides in its scenery, the sunshine that is always hovering over it and finally the ease with which it has hold on typically to the Egyptian culture.

Luxor:

The city of Luxor also occupies the border that sits at east of Nile. Luxor basically consists of three diverse vicinities- The towns of Thebes and Karnak and the city, Luxor itself. Luxor is very pulsating and the fact that the city boasts of bright bazaars full of people should leave no doubt about how lively Luxor could be.

The West Bank:

The western bank of Nile referred as the Valley of the Kings is where you can get a slight glimpse of the tombs of the earliest pharaohs. These tombs are so impressive to be seen with your eyes because every single surface is adorned with mesmerizing carvings and writings. The major attraction for anyone visiting the West Bank should be the tomb of Tutankhamun.

The Nile cruise is that succinct excursion which you should surely try for at least once if you are that entity on whom history has a great pull. It should be a lifetime experience.

For more information visit,

'''[http://wiki.talkstrategy.com/wikka.php?wakka=CruiseAdvisers/ http://wiki.talkstrategy.com/wikka.php?wakka=CruiseAdvisers/]'''</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:OBethJenkinsj</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>468</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1683</id>
      <timestamp>2011-11-22T01:10:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>OBethJenkinsj</username>
        <id>305</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Earlier this the summer time As i applied the particular Eat Stop Eat dietary regimen we determined by using a physical fitness online community. Lots of people inside the website which bu...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3776">Earlier this the summer time As i applied the particular Eat Stop Eat dietary regimen we determined by using a physical fitness online community. Lots of people inside the website which buying final results happen to be by using some kind of going on a fast with their diet program. The initial despite the fact was basically it did not noise balanced. My partner and i appeared to be beneath impression that i must be enjoying every last 3 working hours or possibly my best body system would most likely try it out to disease function. Managed to get this specific in doing my venture with another healthier food regimen we previously used. It is sometimes difficult to find out what things to imagine. My spouse and i seriously wanted to slim down plus it sounded like an effortless process to click on. I had put together not a thing loss of then i presented them a go.

The complete viewpoint of your eat quit consume course could be to do a hrs a an hour fast for some periods a week. Simply how much simplier and easier are you able to obtain? A lot of quality diets definitely will need you to feed on small ingredients five intervals a day or possibly eat inside or outside foodstuffs they can reveal. Well known alternative diet plan get hold of which means that problematic that men stop previous to they perhaps start off these products.

Foodstuff we got to the Eat Stop Eat Course

Typically the try to eat avoid take in plan would not constrain that which you feed on, only just during your fasting. Partake of as you routinely will. I did a large number of foodstuff which may not be allowed to consume with various other eating plans. I had very hot pets, garlic bread, burgers, ice cubes remedy along with benefits also. We is not stuffing a face at their side. You may be left all of them now and then with small amounts. This software fails to require you to be counted your unhealthy calories and yet I did so depend quarry. I merely needed to ensure I just is not taking in beyond I will generally if i wanted to manage my personal unwanted weight.

Throughout the per day hour or so fasts When i mainly sipped water, toy tea, dark coffee beans not to mention any 0 calorie eating routine sodas. I just as well chewed a lot of sugar-free gum once i noticed prefer I need to to eat.

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Used to do n't have to chow down for 2 complete nights a week. Over eating and additionally arranging cuisine occupies precious time. In most cases when you partake of you will have to quit whatever your are performing to make the amount of food and next partake of this. Following that you really typically receive fatigued since your person is making use of more energy in order to breakdown as well as apply what you only just had. Without enjoying your body simply just continues precisely the same also, you get all that more time to stay preoccupied with any projects. This is exactly superb for anybody who is working away at tasks or exploring.

Great grocery debts were less a result of the food When i appeared to be cutting out. Easily normally got released for restaurants typically We would currently have stored even more capital pursuing the program. At the very least believe most likely save fifteen $ $ $ $ per week. What other diet plans may well assert they help you save dollars? Most of them require you to invest in high priced well-being foodstuff.

If you are balanced and additionally buying a straightforward diet that you could adhere to for the long term subsequently this can desires.

My Modification weblog has our [http://www.inventeo.com/eat-stop-eat-review/ Eat Stop Eat Review] which switches into even more outline about how precisely We used this diet regime.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:OregonUnemployment</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>492</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1719</id>
      <timestamp>2012-01-05T06:51:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>OregonUnemployment</username>
        <id>539</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''How To Overcome Your Oregon Unemployment'''    All most everybody worries about what will happen if they are in a stressful Oregon Unemployment situation.  The prospect of not knowing w...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2762">'''How To Overcome Your Oregon Unemployment'''



All most everybody worries about what will happen if they are in a stressful Oregon Unemployment situation.

The prospect of not knowing what to do can be frightening.

As a result, here is a list of '''[http://www.unemployment-extension.org/state.php?state=or Oregon Unemployment]''' techniques and suggestions on how to manage the fear of an upcoming Oregon Unemployment situation.

The first thing a person can do is to visualize yourself doing the Oregon Unemployment task in your mind.

For instance, you and your team have to play in the championship volleyball game in front of a large group of people in the next few days.

Before the big day comes, imagine yourself playing the game in your mind. Imagine that your playing in front of a large audience.

By playing the game in your mind, you will be better prepared to perform for real when the time comes. 

Self-Visualization is a great way to reduce the fear and stress of a coming '''[http://www.unemployment-extension.org/unemployment-rate-oregon.php Oregon Unemployment Rate]''' situation.

Try to find the motivation from within before performing the Oregon Unemployment task.

You will be more successful if you have a solid reason for doing the task.

If you are not sure why you are doing a certain task, then the fear will get the best of you.

Having the motivation and Oregon Unemployment enthusiasm will help you to manage the Oregon Unemployment fear and increase your chances of Oregon Unemployment success.

When encountering a scary situation that gets us all upset, always remember to get all of the facts of the given Oregon Unemployment situation.

Gathering the facts can prevent us from relying on exaggerated and fearful assumptions.

By focusing on the Oregon Unemployment facts, a person can rely on what is reality and what is not.

Take it one step at a time.

Don’t try to do too much at the same time because you will be easily overwhelmed.

Take it slow and go at your own pace if you are able.

Don’t forget to Pray and ask God for help. A person can only do so much.

Asking God for help can give us additional '''[http://www.unemployment-extension.org/unemployment-benefits-oregon.php Oregon Unemployment Benefits]''' resources to help manage our fears and anxieties.

It is not always easy, however God is in control and he will help you if you ask him.

As a Layman and author of an anxiety book, I have faced many situations that made me anxious and fearful.

I realize it is not easy to deal with the fear of the unknown, however sometimes the Oregon Unemployment fear can be worse than the situation.

If you have trouble managing your Oregon Unemployment, then talking to someone who can make you feel better.</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:PVCCladding</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>485</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1710</id>
      <timestamp>2011-12-31T03:58:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PVCCladding</username>
        <id>523</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''What Are The Benefits of Making use of Plastic Cladding?'''     Should you be thinking about making use of any type of cladding for the exterior or interior of your residence then you o...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3384">'''What Are The Benefits of Making use of Plastic Cladding?'''




Should you be thinking about making use of any type of cladding for the exterior or interior of your residence then you ought to contemplate plastic cladding because it features a lot of benefits.

This guide explains the major benefits.Plastic cladding can be a term referred for applying several kinds of material to external walls of houses for the improve of protection from different range of elements.

The two principal factors for cladding are to provide protection and insulation from rough and winter weather and to give an aesthetic appeal to the house.It could be utilized within and outside the house for various.The most effective alternative will be using plastic cladding.As in comparison to the other types of cladding, it is more durable, lightweight can be cleaned easily in comparison to cleaning wood or brick cladding.

Especially if using cladding for external use of your home then plastic cladding is the most suitable and appropriate types of cladding as it is very strong and can withstand extreme weather conditions.Wood and brick cladding will require a lot of  maintenance besides the initial cost purchase and this will end up very expensive.

With wood cladding, one require using an excellent type of wood material, if being used on the outside, and polishing will be required of it frequently in order to prevent the dull of the house it will portray.Brick cladding will also require high maintenance and hygienic wise even plastic is superior to this.

The plastic cladding has many advantages in comparison to the other types of wall varnishes being used these days.In lot of the exteriors of the house, plastic cladding should be used.

The reason it is mostly used now days as there might be some fiber optics running across the roof outskirts and could be any sort of pipes.Which tends to give the house a scruffy look, besides this it is hazardous at the same time. In order to avoid any sort of accidents and the poor image, the cladding should be used.It will even be beneficial in the use of fiber optics, if they are covered in cladding of plastic material.It is the best for sheathing the fiber optical cables as plastic will withstand the extreme weather condition, as well as it can put in a way that it can be easily taken off.

Plastic cladding can also be used within the house as well, once again where there are any cable wires.

The cladding can come in different types of sizes and a color as well, so if one does not want it to be visible with perspective and want it to be embedded into towards the wall.With the same color as the wall is and what ever size is required.

The cladding can also be used in the bathroom on the out skirting of baths, as the plastic will not rust with the frequent splash of water and once again can be easily cleaned.In comparison to the other type of cladding starting from the price, going style and maintenance plastic cladding is cost effective and effective in use as well.


'''Resource'''


In case you are trying to find '''[http://www.pvc-cladding.co.uk/plastic-cladding.php plastic cladding]''' for the interior of one's residence to produce your rooms look gorgeous then have a look at our site.

We have several colors and styles and specialize in '''[http://www.pvc-cladding.co.uk/wall-cladding.php wall cladding]'''.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:PaUnemployment</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>494</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1722</id>
      <timestamp>2012-01-06T07:12:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PaUnemployment</username>
        <id>541</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Pennsylvania Unemployment Coaching &amp; Resources'''    Who is the Best Coach For Achieving Your Pennsylvania Unemployment Goals?  A friend of mine was recently at a Mark Victor Hansen and...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4258">'''Pennsylvania Unemployment Coaching &amp; Resources'''



Who is the Best Coach For Achieving Your Pennsylvania Unemployment Goals?

A friend of mine was recently at a Mark Victor Hansen and Robert Allen workshop.

They were promoting their '''[http://www.unemployment-extension.org/state.php?state=pa PA Unemployment]''' Program.

One of the topics he told me they covered was looking for a personal PA Unemployment coach.

So let’s think of a few subjects where there could be personal coaches.

Now what I found interesting about PA Unemployment was what my friend said everybody answered for some of the above.

They thought the best basketball coach would be Michael Jordan, Tiger Woods for Golf , Joe Montana for football, Weightlifting a lot would like Arnold Schwarzenegger to be their personal trainer, on confidence Anthony Robbins of NLP fame was picked, Money a lot said they would like Donald Trump or Bill Gates, PA Unemployment, Real Estate a lot answered Robert Kiyosaki of the Rich Dad Poor Dad fame.

The logic here might seem great PA Unemployment. If you wish to be good at a particular Pennsylvania Unemployment skill than find somebody heavily well known as being great at that talent or skill.

Sometimes though that is not exactly the case.

My friend went on about how he then thought of the Green Bay Packers as they had won two superbowls.

The unexpected PA Unemployment had happened their beloved coach Vince Lombardi decided that coaching the Green Bay Packers was no longer what he wanted to do.

The Green Bay Packers actually tested two PA Unemployment coaches and they tried the above after the two other coaches failed.

The Packers took up Bart Starr their successful quarterback as their new coach. He is a great quarterback but didn’t do as well as a PA Unemployment coach.

A lot of people do not realize playing skills and coaching skills are two different mediums.

Vince Lombardi was never a great football player but is an incredible PA Unemployment coach.

If I wanted a PA Unemployment coach a lot of people would pick Robert Kiyosaki.

Well who were his mentors? Where did he learn about houses and real estate?

Was he self taught?

Or did he learn from somebody else.

It turns out Robert Kiyosaki learned a lot from Pennsylvania Unemployment John Burley about Real Estate investing.

John Burley also teaches and coaches others and a lot of his students have '''[http://www.unemployment-extension.org/unemployment-rate-pennsylvania.php PA Unemployment Rate]''' success.

Michael Jordan the famous basketball player has actually also been a coach.

Look at the results of him coaching basketball teams.

He is one of the most incredible basketball players but his coaching skills are not even close to his playing skills.

The Wizards the Washington team he coach have floundered under Jordan's leadership.

They were 110-179 after Jordan began calling the shots and had left the PA Unemployment team.

Not exactly top performance. The Wizards soon gave him the boot as a coach.

Now let us take the famous Tiger Woods.

He turned heads when he started winning so much at golf.

Than one day he decided to fire Butch Harmon.

Tiger Woods has not won a major tournament since the 2002 U.S. Open.

That was the same year he stopped having PA Unemployment Butch Harmon as his coach.

“Tiger Woods is not playing well with Pennsylvania Unemployment, he is not working on the right '''[http://www.unemployment-extension.org/unemployment-benefits-pennsylvania.php PA Unemployment Benefits]''' things in his golf swing although obviously Tiger thinks he is,” Harmon told a reporter for a media writer of PA Unemployment. 

Woods received a two-over-par 72 in his first round at the U.S. Open. Woods is not the same golfer who won 7-of-11 majors beginning with the 1999 PGA Championship, and he’s quick to admit it.

How much credit do you think Butch Harmon deserves here?

Some top coaches are saying they see problems in his swing and think that because Tiger doesn’t have Butch around is a big reason for PA Unemployment.

So remember when you are looking for a coach. The best thing to look at is the results of the students.

Who has the top students?

That is who your PA Unemployment coach should be.</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:PartyThemes</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>502</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1732</id>
      <timestamp>2012-01-20T17:50:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PartyThemes</username>
        <id>590</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Party Theme Ideas for Theme Parties 2012'''     The New Year is here and '''[http://www.partythemescelebration.com/ Party Themes]''' Celebrations has compiled some great party theme ide...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2366">'''Party Theme Ideas for Theme Parties 2012'''




The New Year is here and '''[http://www.partythemescelebration.com/ Party Themes]''' Celebrations has compiled some great party theme ideas for theme parties in 2012. 

Everyone loves to attend parties because they are fun, exciting and adventurous. 

At Party Themes Celebration, we want to take the fun to the next level. You must be creative. We have some great party themes this coming year that will knock your socks off and everyone who attends your festive event. 

Who doesn’t love to celebrate special occasions with balloons, party favors, hats, and banners that give extra excitement and adventure to the ambience? If you want to have a successful event, careful consideration needs to go into choosing the party theme. It is so important and vital. 

Your '''[http://www.partythemescelebration.com/ Party Theme Ideas]''' have got to be just right to pull it off or take it over the top.

At Party themes Celebration, you can peruse a wide selection of party themes via our online store. We have photos that will just take you there. Additionally, we have how-to and review videos that will give you some suggestion for party themes that will suite your event.  Like the old adage states, “A picture is worth a thousand words.

Are you looking for a 1st Birthday party theme, Sweet Sixteen B-day theme, or an Oldie But Goodie B-day party theme? Are you getting married? How about a unique Aloha Hawaiian Wedding or Valentine’s Day Party Theme? You may want to chose our sports theme if you are having a Super Bowl Party at your home.  For your party theme ideas questions, Party Themes Celebrations has all of the answers.

If you still cannot decide and need some expert advice, we have costume care specialist who are on hand to give you the 411 on what may be best for you.  Do you need more advice from our social community? You can connect with the group via Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Linkedin and email. Moreover, checkout our blog for the latest and up-to-date Party gossip that my benefit you. They don’t call us the online party social butterfly for nothing. This is how we do party themes in 2012!

'''[http://www.partythemescelebration.com/ Theme Parties]''' will put your guest in the mood immediately and set the tone for a great day of happiness and joy. It is so simple and easy.</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:PromiNews</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>507</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1737</id>
      <timestamp>2012-01-26T04:25:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PromiNews</username>
        <id>628</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Celebrity News Gossips Photos 2012'''     The top way to preserve updated on your own favorite celebrities is the Globe Wide Web.  In the event that something occurs in the world of ent...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1616">'''Celebrity News Gossips Photos 2012'''




The top way to preserve updated on your own favorite celebrities is the Globe Wide Web.

In the event that something occurs in the world of entertainment, you’d bet which it will be all more than the news within moments.

The net offers one immediate access to busting entertainment news and '''[http://promiscout.de/news/promi-klatsch/ Promi Klatsch]'''.

Television is also an excellent source and continuously could be, however regrettably 1 must wait for the information in the future upon to locate out what exactly is happening in the event that one is counting on Television for the celeb news.

With fan blogs, you are able to amuse yourself by reading other people’s views about what these types of popular encounters are up to.

Some fans compile funny images and discuss exactly what may possibly go on in them, that can be incredibly humorous.

Other people simply spread the latest gossip or even turn images associated with celebrities into funny take art.

The '''[http://promiscout.de/ Promi Nachrichten and Promi News]''' bloggers and webmasters try and exploit the individual matters from the existence from the superstars that subsequently have to encounter a lot of troubles as a result.

I’ve noticed about the stress and depressions these celebs face from this fact their life is the talk of the city.

Everyone becomes judgmental regarding personal life and asks concerns concerning the identical.

However you cannot refuse the newsmakers this proper in order to peek in to the life with the celebs as this really is their way to make money!</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:SportBras</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>447</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1660</id>
      <timestamp>2011-11-04T11:13:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SportBras</username>
        <id>180</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Sports Bras - Made For Aspirants'''    When aspiring to achieve great heights in sports, your health and comfort level plays a crucial role while is saved by wearing '''[http://www.body...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2061">'''Sports Bras - Made For Aspirants'''



When aspiring to achieve great heights in sports, your health and comfort level plays a crucial role while is saved by wearing '''[http://www.bodyrocksport.com/ Sport Bras]'''.

When aspiring to achieve great heights in sports, your health and comfort level plays a crucial role while is saved by wearing sports bra. Because, they are specifically made to provide utmost comfort and withstand the activity while playing high impact games like basketball or soccer. Constant movement of breasts could cause friction or chafing spoiling the sport.

Years ago, the first sports bra was made using whale bone and tight straps but with the advancement in technology even clothing has underwent drastic changes. Buying a good, branded brassiere designed for sports or workout is expensive but it is a worthy investment because of the benefits accompanied. First of all, it drastically decreases the movement of breasts during physical activities avoiding side effects like rashes due to sweat or premature sagging.

Excessive moisture created by constant sweating is absorbed and heat is vented out by a structural air flow thus retaining a cool inside for long lasting play. Before you buy one, try them on because only you can know how comfortable it is and move around to make sure it is the one that you want. 
The fabric used to make such inner wear could be cotton, polyester or latex based on different purposes.

Latex doesn’t get wet due to sweat while cotton could feel better to wear because of its soft nature. Also, there is a compression and natural variant. Compression variants sold reduces and flattens your breast while the latter retains the natural shape for better looks. Intense movement could harm the ligament tissues of the breast and lead to permanent damage.

So, it is advisable to always use a sports bra when indulging in rigorous physical activities. Even buying one with attached pockets could help you store music player, keys or even heart beat sensors for clutter wear exercise or gaming.</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:Teambuilding</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>439</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1648</id>
      <timestamp>2011-10-24T09:38:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Teambuilding</username>
        <id>165</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Team Building Company - why it is important?   The world is moving fast and requires the people who can move fast. It doesn’t mean running fast but it means to adopt the changes rapidly ...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2185">Team Building Company - why it is important?


The world is moving fast and requires the people who can move fast. It doesn’t mean running fast but it means to adopt the changes rapidly in order to be successful.

The importance of team building is obvious and needs no further explanations but there exploring the information and knowledge about it is very important with '''[http://www.scavengerhuntanywhere.com/ Team Building Company]'''.

Exploring the information and knowledge about the team building is important to tell the people about its importance and significance. This practice is being popular and people are interested to learn about it. The people who are familiar with this topic want more information and knowledge to clear the concepts. The learning about the team management and building is essential to understand the importance and benefits in details. Are you looking for some useful points and information about the team management? Finding the information and knowledge about it is very easy because there are lots of companies and online sources that provide team making information and assistance.

Handling the work and responsibility in a great manner is essential to complete the work within give time. To maintain the quality of the work team development is necessary. If you are facing problems and difficulties to complete any task then making a team for it will be the best option with '''[http://www.sonowiki.com/wiki/mediawiki-1.11.1/index.php/User_talk:Teambuilding Team Building]'''.

Doing the difficult works as team worker provides lots of options and opportunities to the people. It makes the works easy and enables the people to handle the tasks easily in an efficient manner.
 
Do you want to provide good services in your field? Providing good services needs different departments to handle different responsibilities. Don’t try to take so many responsibilities because it will not be a good practice.

Get the amazing benefits of team building to make difficult projects easier and simpler for the workers.

For more information visit,

'''[http://www.scavengerhuntanywhere.com/hunts/montreal-team-building/ Montreal team building]'''</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:TradeOptions</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>484</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1709</id>
      <timestamp>2011-12-30T16:56:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TradeOptions</username>
        <id>522</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''How You'll be able to Make A Steady Earnings With Alternatives Trading'''    In case you are part in the rat race as well as the 9 to 5 routine and trying to find a way out then alterna...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3496">'''How You'll be able to Make A Steady Earnings With Alternatives Trading'''



In case you are part in the rat race as well as the 9 to 5 routine and trying to find a way out then alternatives trading can be a excellent option.

This post examines how you have to prepare for this type of later.You've got just escaped your 9 to 5 working hour’s routine, where life was full of paper function and also the dull routine at perform. Now  you need to embark on a high paying  career  that makes you earn  a lot more  with out  sitting down in an  office for hours.

The options strategies can make you earn a lot more and you may  have conveniently escaped from those long  working hours.

There are numerous factors why somebody will pick  to be an choices trader, because this really  definitely one way of earning much higher investments in a short period.

It increases your monthly income in shorter spans of time hence it makes your financial position much more comfortable.

Nonetheless in order for you to start this process you must be patient by way of  this and take your time because it will require need constant education concerning the subject.

As a result you have to take heed of some tips that you can take on board to begin with the options trading.The first tip is that there needs to be a known difference between in between short term and long-term investments.

When you are huge at some, there can be  high levels of investments for longer durations of time that is the part where you need to do your learning about.

All the benefits with the options should be known before. You need to find out for yourself and do the to which options work best for you, you should learn to assess where you can get the money with the options.

What you need to learn from the market is also to evaluate whether there should be investing done during this time or not, should there be a acquire a put or a call option.All know which one is it that may obtain the greater benefit.

It has been considered to try the out of the money options strategies because simply this seems best, it helps you earning money because the price are not so heavily dependent on the stock movements, underlying cost of assets or the market trends.

You also get paid enough for gaining an amount of investment with higher levels of premiums.

However,it might be possible that you are paying much more to acquire this option but there are the types of investments that gain you higher income and lesser losses hence, this stock option seems best.

You need to do ample amounts of research to start with this kind of trading; every opportunity needs to be maximized.

There is always a start with the trading  and the  buying and  selling of stocks.With the gradual process of time and experience, you can start with being a bookie or a writer.

With all this information, you can now understand that there are wider options everywhere.

Once you have learn enough with this form of trading you can then start trading freely with the experience and the knowledge.There is a constant learning of the market that you need to do to keep yourself financially stable without a proper office you have to go to everyday.


'''Resource'''

If you want to learn more about the financial possibilities by using '''[http://stockoptionsprofits.com/ options strategies]''' then visit our site.

You will learn '''[http://stockoptionsprofits.com/ how to trade options]''' and there is a lot of other useful advice there.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:TroattJohn</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>376</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1508</id>
      <timestamp>2011-09-17T08:36:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TroattJohn</username>
        <id>48</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''SEO - Increases Website Traffic'''    SEO in plain words known as Search Engine Optimization, and is defined as technique to improvise the visibility of website or web page in any searc...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3490">'''SEO - Increases Website Traffic'''



SEO in plain words known as Search Engine Optimization, and is defined as technique to improvise the visibility of website or web page in any search engine carried out under legal and technical tools. 

There are certain ways to do so which are either organic or come under algorithmic configuration of search results and mostly depend on the mentality and common words used by people to search information on internet with '''[http://www.realisticwebsites.co.uk/ SEO Services]'''.

In the competitive world everyone wants their presence to be felt in virtual world to gain most out of the available resources. Getting your website or webpage listed in the top search results is also a part of search engine marketing (SEM) and leading more traffic to your website.

In order to get the website in top rankings a SEO enthusiast has to deeply study the mentality of search engine users and working of search engines. Optimization of a particular website is done by editing its content along with relevant HTML coding which increases the ranking of website and also by incorporating specific keywords and removing certain barriers of index activities which are enrooted under search engine. Some of the enthusiasts also use back linking, cross linking and inbound links to get similar results. As every coin has two sides SEO also can be dome in fair and unfair ways all the above mentioned ways fall under fair categories called as White hat where as by unfair ways one can optimize the website by Black hat, which involves link farms, spinning of articles and stuffing of keywords. Both of these techniques give similar results but one is standing on the legal side of the shore and remaining one stands on opposite side.

Previously optimizing the website was a job of webmasters, who were providing algorithms and meta tags or index files to available search engines. This process proved to be hectic and often misleading results were provided as manipulative meta tags were abundantly provided by these webmasters. After the relevant revision of techniques and algorithmic charts or to be specific after rise of Google in 1998 there were systematic changes in SEO. Google followed the off page and on page factors which were omitted by previous search engines.

Currently there are many search engines on internet but the most popular like Google, Yahoo and Bing are targeted more by SEO professionals and the type of ranking algorithm they are using still remains unknown.

The common methods used by these professionals are dependent on crawlers and robots playing important role in indexing the algorithmic search results. Relevance and prominence of certain website is kept intact by adding relevant keywords in the Meta data of the web page. Also one of the common techniques include normalizing the URL of certain website which is made accessible via numerous URL’s carried out by ‘canonical’ meta tag or by 301 redirects which makes sure that all the URL’s linked count for popularity and ranking of the website.

Leading search engines like Google has provided Google guidelines, Yahoo has provided Yahoo Site Explorer and Bing has provided Bing Toolbox giving fair chances to all the SEO professionals for optimizing their websites in tangible ways.

For more information visit,

'''[http://wiki.on-mirrors-edge.com/index.php?title=User_talk:StraussNicky http://wiki.on-mirrors-edge.com/index.php?title=User_talk:StraussNicky]'''</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:UnemploymentGuide</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>482</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1706</id>
      <timestamp>2011-12-27T11:58:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>UnemploymentGuide</username>
        <id>520</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Florida Unemployment Statistics Guide'''    Florida Unemployment Statistics shows that about 75% of the people working today are unhappy with their current jobs. One reason is that thei...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3480">'''Florida Unemployment Statistics Guide'''



Florida Unemployment Statistics shows that about 75% of the people working today are unhappy with their current jobs. One reason is that their talents are wasted because it is not applicable for their current jobs.

That’s just one Florida Unemployment problem. You might have unreasonable demands placed upon you. You have to work really long hours to get anywhere. The paths to promotion may be blocked. You can’t get to where you want to be because of the view that people have of you, your experience, or your performance in the job.

Maybe a little self-improvement will help you out with that problem. You should know how to appreciate your job if you want to succeed in life.

If you are always late to your job, maybe it will '''[http://www.unemployment-extension.org/state.php?state=fl Florida Unemployment]''' become the reason for your termination. Why don’t you try to wake up early or if you’re always experiencing traffic, try to find other route. Self-improvement of your habits will help you succeed.

There might be criticism leveled against you that isn’t just. There could be too much politics or backstabbing, you have to grease the right palms to get ahead. The job may just not be what you expected. You were promised one thing, but it turned into something else.

One thing that you should do about backstabbing is always retain your Florida Unemployment temper at the right level. Don’t try to argue with your officemates of it will be another reason for firing you.

You have to get to the root of what is causing your unhappiness about where you are and Florida Unemployment what you’re currently doing. The easiest way is The Five Whys. Ask, “Why?” five times.

“Oh, I’m not happy.” Well, why? “Because I got passed for a promotion.” Florida Unemployment Why was that? “Because they didn’t value the project I was working on.” Why not? “Because management changed and they changed the objectives.” Well, why was that? You really sort of drill down to the root cause and find out what the problem really is.

Once you decide that you need a change - that's where the real fun Florida Unemployment begins. How to go about finding a new job or change careers completely.

There’s another way of looking at, the Top Ten Signs That You Need a Florida Unemployment New Job. It’s a bit like a Letterman Top Ten. They’re a bit tongue-in-cheek, but there’s a bit of truth in all of them.

10: You’re outgo exceeds your income. You just need more Florida Unemployment money.

9: The most rewarding thing you did this week was sharpen all 12 of Florida Unemployment your pencils to the same length.

8: You’re reluctant to be a Career Day speaker at your kid’s Florida Unemployment grade class.

7: Everyone in your workgroup got a raise except you.

5: You were late for work three times this week, but you don’t care.

4: There’s a meeting at 3:00 to talk about the upcoming reorganization, but you’re not invited.

3: Your boss keeps forgetting your name.

2: You constantly daydream about being a forest ranger.

1: Your company was recently acquired and you spent two weeks worry that you’d be laid off. After that, you worried that you wouldn’t be.

Remember, finding a new job nowadays is really hard. So, before you decided to look for another job, always resolve your problems with your current job. Self-improvement will really help you in that.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:WallPanels</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>486</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1711</id>
      <timestamp>2011-12-31T07:18:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>WallPanels</username>
        <id>525</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: '''Brighten Up Your Bathroom with Bathroom Wall Panels'''    A lot more and a lot more people are turning to plastic bathroom wall panels for their homes as they have several benefits over...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3453">'''Brighten Up Your Bathroom with Bathroom Wall Panels'''



A lot more and a lot more people are turning to plastic bathroom wall panels for their homes as they have several benefits over other conventional wall covering methods.


This post explains the advantages of using these panels. You can find distinct ways in which bathrooms can be embellished and brightened up. 


Among the methods is with Wall Panels, bathroom wall panels.

What are they and what's their use?

Wall panels are nothing but a piece of material, which is typically flat and rectangular and is used as the exposed and visible covering for walls.

They are even as decors while at the same time supplying insulation and are very easy replaceable. In homes the use of these panels are used for visual appearance rather than insulation purposes.In order to give ones bathroom a brighter side and give a break in the bathroom and make it appealing, bathroom wall panels will be the best option here.

Even in remodeling with cost effective yet elegant way is to use bathroom wall panels.The reason for using these panels, are that they are easy maintain rather than tiles they are also considered more hygienic than tiles, as tiles might grow fungus if not maintained properly.

They are provide protection to bathroom walls from dampness around the tub and shower. One can have a range of wall panels used in their bathroom depending on how the individual wants their bathroom to look, give a classy or designer touch.There are different types of wall paneling, which can be used in your bathroom and the most suitable vinyl.

Vinyl is another term used for plastic cladding, and the reason behind using this is it will give a stylish touch to your bathroom.

Plastic wall panels are available in a range of colors and wide range of finishes, as they can come in different to enhance it the wall panel can have decoration on it.

These panels are light and durable to use, and can also meet the need of a different range of thicknesses and shapes.

If decorating a children bathroom plastic wall cladding will be the best, as their bathrooms do not need to be sophisticated rather practical yet stylish for them. 

As for boys, the blue wall panel can be used with images of cars and whatever they like to have. For the girls on the other hand their bathroom can be decorated with pink wall panels with babies or whatever they want to decorate their bathroom with.

So the most suitable yet an aesthetic way to decorate one’s bathroom is with wall panels, and surely with plastic wall panels.Easy to use and enhances the look of the bathroom itself.It will prevent the cost of maintenance required every now and then for bathrooms.

Even the use of a different variety of detergents and wall liquids used earlier for bathrooms tiles will be reduced, due to the plastic wall panel as it is easy to clean.

The plastic panel will last around 10-15 years but at the same time, it is much easier to replace over tiles.One can be remodel the interior of their bathroom whenever required with sufficient amount of budget and less of a mess in comparison to tiles and marbles.

'''Resource'''

It makes a great deal of sense to make use of PVC '''[http://www.pvc-cladding.co.uk/bathroom-wall-panels.php bathroom wall panels]''' and we have a large selection of '''[http://www.pvc-cladding.co.uk/plastic-cladding.php plastic cladding]''' available in many different colors and styles.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:Yaohuode</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>451</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1664</id>
      <timestamp>2011-11-15T05:28:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yaohuode</username>
        <id>226</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Shoes and boots can be known as as feet savers, because doing so has saved the actual human foots.http://www.uggstivaliinlinea.com/ , From the online game of sports activities shoes are ma...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3904">Shoes and boots can be known as as feet savers, because doing so has saved the actual human foots.http://www.uggstivaliinlinea.com/ , From the online game of sports activities shoes are made a lot of usefulness.http://www.monclersjack.com/ , This makes the golfer relaxation.http://www.monclerscasaco.com/ ,

1. You can get varieties of footwear which fits different visitors. With the online game of boxing trainers are created using the preferences of the boxers. The boxer requirements the trainers which help your man coziness within the put into practice period and throughout the tournaments.



3. You might have question why footwear receive more usefulness through matches and additionally throughout boxing? Because said on top of it truly is products that is used to give protection to any bottom. Feet would be the structures located in vertebrates, it's used for moving forward in one place to a second and it's a piece of limbs. And so in cases where this gets critically injured we tend to look certain conditions throughout moving.

3. Maybe you've spotted the actual boxing game; boxers do not stand within stand even so illness they'll step in some places. With the boxers the actions essential plus they should look privacy despite the fact that individuals transferring.

5. Visualize, within a difficult competitive online game the boxer might be fighting with each other impatiently and additionally they what food was in the successful point and even immediately his boots or shoes have taken off or simply this constructed him or her to make sure you feel inside level of comfort once going, definitely the actual boxer may drop your partner's amount and have absolutely the ability about loosing the overall game.
5. Boxers, just think about adore the look scenario, are you interested in this specific situation in order to prevail within the performance. To prevent yourself from such a situation proper care should be directed at trainers.

6. Unique variations of boxing shoes can be there for example nylon boxing, custom made nylon boxing, 1 / 2 position nylon, ninja tabi boots- full stature not to mention fifty percent of distance off the ground along with Russian sambo footwear is the unique variations of sneakers through different features and even made of canvas or leathers together with ideal for together in house together with away doorstep fits.

7. Leather footwear are truly built from leatherette together with ideal for men and women boxers. The application can be purchased in various sizes through 6 to 13.
8. Nylon and custom nylon shoes are made from nylon with the help of emerald highly sought after and additionally these kind of shoes also are obtainable in various styles. Likewise each footwear has a elements not to mention enters in numerous lengths and widths.

9. Laces are classified as the supporter in order to shoes. It truly is would once safe the feet wear. Treatment need to be presented to shoe laces additionally. If at all not really properly linked or in no way built from the right substances, Player provides the opportunity of slipping down and may pick up personal injuries. Unique variations of replacement laces within colours can be found.

10. An important tassel is usually an extra feature within shoes with the help of numerous accents. Insurance agencies some tassels ?nside your footwear you are able to attract typically the customers. These types of shoe tassels come in various colors which includes green, black color, environment friendly, lilac, magenta, light, reddish colored, orange . . ..

11. Hygienic can make the sickness to be away. Therefore our footwear need to be hygienic and lacking in unhealthy odours, to counteract bad odors you can easily use running shoes fashion accessories for example HARDLY ANY G. I as well as glove canines and keep our trainers hygienic not to mention aroma free of cost.</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:Yaohuodea</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>452</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1665</id>
      <timestamp>2011-11-15T05:28:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yaohuode</username>
        <id>226</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Joseph Cheaney and son's will be in the sneaker helping to make home business seeing that 1886.http://www.uggsbotasvenda.com/ , They're using the classic Goodyear welted operation or possi...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2790">Joseph Cheaney and son's will be in the sneaker helping to make home business seeing that 1886.http://www.uggsbotasvenda.com/ , They're using the classic Goodyear welted operation or possibly Veldtschoen build to create sneakers since then.http://www.facebookfans4sale.com/ , They've dressed the feet involving the top fashion gurus plus the routine utilizing identical faithfulness not to mention sincerity.http://www.chinatourservices.com/ , Their undisputable standing has withstood your trials of your time.



Their own unambiguous styles hand mirror clear lower, contemporary patterns of the shoes. The expertise and even experience of the work trigger reveal your determination in the business enterprise. Longevity and convenience is without a doubt primary for their results in the sneakers market.

Cheaney shoes pertaining to men are available in most conceivable creations. Additionally they personalize that athletic shoes to one requirements making it possible for anybody to be a lot more original within his styles. Style and classiness contains personally seen him or her win over people with alleviate. Celebs, business wizards along with barons all happen to be patronising his or her programs.
A shimmering pair of well-polished Cheaney boots is normally an absolute must have for all those, right now. It's possible to choose from their big selection involving overshoes, gown shoes along with casual sneakers. Cheaney Burton footwear is common among adult men. Cheaney Cambridge, F in shape is really a lace way up, features five oxford cracking open and even punched toe-cap to add a touch of quality. Jason H easily fit in black along with tans, with feet cover consists of veteran wash rag just for uppr along with inside of upholster.

For those who have an important night out, for your perfect comprehensive look, include Cheaney Ethan or Ewan, that will enhance your overall search using exceptionally sleek shimmer. Cheaney Dee is actually ankle substantial with rubberized individual bottom together with rearfoot. Cheaney Jackie is ideal for formal nighttime parties as well as home office social gatherings.

With regard to Cheaney shoes for you to last prolonged, it is suggested to use sneaker trees. If it's natural leather lining, sneaker trees support take all the high humidity and gaze after the shape.

A great piece of suggestions: keep rotating your shoes. Never don exactly the same pair every day. Regular breaks can help the natural leather to help you gently breathe, stopping bad smell and humidity come disease growing. When the shoes are generally wet, place shoe bushes and keep the application for receptive airy position, although not in the sun's rays. Become polish with no plastic should lengthen the life span of the Cheaney sneakers</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:Yaohuodeab</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>453</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1666</id>
      <timestamp>2011-11-15T05:29:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yaohuode</username>
        <id>226</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Vaginal discharge is a normal part of being a women.http://www.luxurybagonline.com/ , However, it should not be excessive or smell bad.http://www.mtbonlinesale.com/ , If yours is not clear...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2487">Vaginal discharge is a normal part of being a women.http://www.luxurybagonline.com/ , However, it should not be excessive or smell bad.http://www.mtbonlinesale.com/ , If yours is not clear or white, with a slight musky odor, there may be something not quite right and you may wish to use natural remedies for smelly vaginal discharge to get you back on the road to freshness.http://www.chermoncler.com/ , Here are three top tips which you can implement right away. 1. Avoid Overwashing
The first thing most of us do when we have smelly vaginal discharge is to wash repeatedly in the hope of getting rid of the smell. This is, in fact, one of the worstthings you can do as it depletes the vagina of its natural lubricants which normally keep things healthy. This causes an outbreak of bacterial growth so the rules are, only wash twice a day (no matter how tempting to wash more often! ) and do not use perfumed products. Also, never douche. 2. Use Your Sanitary Protection WellAlways change your protection regularly as even when the flow is light, stale blood can have a surprisingly pungent odor. Also, remember to take out the last tampon of your period.


3. Choosing Underwear and Your Secret Anti-Odor KitWearing synthetic fabrics can trap in warmth and moisture, creating the perfect conditions for bacterial growth which, in turn, causes smelly vaginal discharge. Wearing cotton panties can allow the area to &quot;breathe&quot;. You must also avoid tight trousers and pantyhose. When I had a problem with smelly vaginal odor, I never left the house without my &quot;kit&quot;. I used to keep a ziplock bag in my purse with some moist babywipes, a fresh pair of panties and some thin pant liners. If the discharge was very bad, I would quickly freshen up and pop on a pad which would absorb the odor. If needed, I could also change my panties.

There is always a reason for abnormal, smelly vaginal discharge and the most likely cause is the common condition known as bacterial vaginosis. This is highly likely if your discharge has a slight fishy odor. If left untreated, BV can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease or even infertility, so prompt treatment is always recommended. Fortunately, there is a fast way to treat the underlying cause of bacterial vagnosis which will give immediate relief and completely eradicate the problem in just 3 days. By treating BV naturally, you can quickly restore balance in the vagina and get back to normal within no time, even if you are a long term sufferer.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:Yaohuodeabc</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>454</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1667</id>
      <timestamp>2011-11-15T05:30:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yaohuode</username>
        <id>226</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: It's not clear who started the sunglass?trend or when.http://www.solbrilleronline.com/ , It could be the lovely Jackie O who sported huge sunglasses and made it a fashion statement.http://...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3135">It's not clear who started the sunglass?trend or when.http://www.solbrilleronline.com/ , It could be the lovely Jackie O who sported huge sunglasses and made it a fashion statement.http://www.monclersoutletsale.com/ , Or, it could be any one of those cowboy movies where Ray-Bans glinted in the afternoon sun and added oodles to the charisma of the character.http://www.saleghdstraightener.com/ , In any case, sunglasses as fashion accessories has arrived big time, and they are here to stay!



From experience, you must already know that there are certain sunglasses that are essentially you? Granted, these are rare and hard to find. But wearing the right sunglass can transform you from the average Joe or Jane to a guy or gal who looks like a million bucks. That is why so many people, stars included, go for a variety of designer sunglasses.

However, designer sunglasses have a huge disadvantage. Their price! A decent pair could make you poorer by a whopping $500 or $1,000. If you are on a small, tight budget (like most of us), splurging on a pair of designer sunglasses is the last thing on your agenda. At the most, you could probably afford to buy one pair. But, as fashion accessories go, the styles of sunglasses keep changing every season. What was on?last year may go out of vogue this year. What you wear during the summer has to be different from your winter wear. Going on a vacation? Well, you need something that suits the conditions of the place you will be visiting. If you want people to appreciate the beauty of your sunglasses, you had better be in style. Which means you have to keep revamping your collection. Changing your designer sunglasses to suit the whims of fashion is a costly affair. Fortunately, there are other options! 

If you want to stay with the trend but not feel the pinch of it on your purse, then, the best way is to opt for designer inspired sunglasses. Wait! Do not confuse these with fake or cheap sunglasses. There is a vital difference between the two. Fake sunglasses are made in the style and likeliness of designer sunglasses, using cheap materials. Thus, their life and quality are great compromised right from the time they are manufactured. This explains why the manufacturers are able to sell fake sunglasses at throwaway prices. Fake sunglasses bear the logo or signature of the designer brand that is being copied. So, fakes are designed to fool gullible people. It is another matter that most people who see these fakes can instantly make them out. 

Unlike fakes, designer inspired sunglasses are manufactured by legitimate companies which sell legal products only. Designer inspired sunglasses will not bear the logo or signature of any brand. These glasses are made from quality materials and there is no risk of them looking cheap, losing color or falling apart. 

The greatest advantage of buying designer inspired sunglasses is cost effectiveness. You can easily buy several pairs of high quality sunglasses for very little. And if you happen to make your purchase from a source that sells wholesale, you can further benefit from the great prices that are on offer.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:Yaohuodeabcd</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>455</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1668</id>
      <timestamp>2011-11-15T05:31:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yaohuode</username>
        <id>226</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Aren't shoes great?they can give away so much about an individuals personality.http://www.uggstivaliinlinea.com/ , These days womens shoes include something for all when it comes to fashio...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3452">Aren't shoes great?they can give away so much about an individuals personality.http://www.uggstivaliinlinea.com/ , These days womens shoes include something for all when it comes to fashion and what better reason is there to renewyour wardrobe than a new seasons designs?



Now the the 80 are making a reappearance! Prepare to put on pointed toe heels, peep toe platforms, t bar heels and pumps with soaring heels in all those glorious bright colours reen is predicted to be the next hot colour...but don't forget pinks, citron, turquoise and neonixed with ink blues and black .http://www.monclersjack.com/ , Patent is still in this season too?There really is no limit when it comes to womens shoes.http://www.monclerscasaco.com/ , Here is a chance to develop a really up to date look with stylish heels.

Spring and summer are creeping nearer and this years hot flats and sandals come with a particular attention to detail. There is no end to the amount of style you can add to your feet this season with a pair of womens sandals. For those with a daring streak try donning sheer tights with metallic sandals as were shown in Missoni catwalk show during the Milan Fashion Week. Jewelled and fringed womens sandals are still en vogue and sandals can be worn at any height try flat jewelled sling back sandals which are promised to be one of the sexiest flat shoes of the summer. For those needing some casual comfort try Birkenstock womens sandals and flip flops or the ever versatile much loved and much hated Croc! take a look at the Sassari Crocs for a new look to the normally chunky Croc. Crocs also come in all the great bright colours of the season and there is a choice for all the family and Crocs offer value for money. If you are blessed with being tall then a pair of ankle high gladiator style womens sandals may well be the shoe for you. 

Wedges are still strong in the fashion world,they are more comfortable than a pair of heels?neutral, natural look wedge shoes are a good buy this season.

Peep toe shoes and boots! The trend for peep toes is keeping up momentum and peep toes are still very very popular. Almost any hraditional?womens shoes now comes with a deep toe?style including new peep toe boots and the traditional style oxford style peep toe shoes and boots. Prada featured a shoe/boot/sandal so whatever next! Peep toe shoes are an option for those who can't bear to have their toes cramped up with the rising fashion of pointed stiletto shoes this season as well as giving some cir-conditioning?to the toes and feet!...and they are acceptable for wear in an office environment. 

Canvas shoes and sneakers are now found in many bright colours and are the new n?for the younger generation. Try Converse and Skechers for cute, up to the minute sneakers and canvas shoes with a different twist in style. 

Just about every womens shoe type must now come in the ary Jane?style. Again there is something to suit all and not just the younger generation as was once associated with Mary Janes. Loafers, pumps, platforms, stilettos, peep toes and sandals all come in this timeless style and this trend of womens shoes looks set to continue.

Womens shoes really are a ladies best friend but where does one stopdraw the line? In true Prada fashion Prada paraded a new totally original look for shoes this season showing flower heels and looks that are very difficult to put down on paper....who will be daring enough to wear them?</text>
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  <page>
    <title>The Scyphozoan:About</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>654</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1917</id>
      <timestamp>2013-03-12T17:44:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-&quot;</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1">-</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1918</id>
      <parentid>1917</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-12T17:44:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="6">&amp;nbsp;</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>The Scyphozoan:Copyrights</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>60</id>
    <revision>
      <id>387</id>
      <timestamp>2009-01-29T00:51:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: This &lt;span xmlns:dc=&quot;http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/&quot; href=&quot;http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/InteractiveResource&quot; rel=&quot;dc:type&quot;&gt;work&lt;/span&gt; is licensed under a [http://creativecommons.org/lice...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="292">This &lt;span xmlns:dc=&quot;http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/&quot; href=&quot;http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/InteractiveResource&quot; rel=&quot;dc:type&quot;&gt;work&lt;/span&gt; is licensed under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License].</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>The Scyphozoan:Current events</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>253</id>
    <redirect title="Current Events" />
    <revision>
      <id>1044</id>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T05:28:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[The Scyphozoan:Current events]] moved to [[Current Events]]: Original incorrectly named</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="28">#REDIRECT [[Current Events]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>The Scyphozoan talk:Current events</title>
    <ns>5</ns>
    <id>254</id>
    <redirect title="Talk:Current Events" />
    <revision>
      <id>1046</id>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T05:28:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[The Scyphozoan talk:Current events]] moved to [[Talk:Current Events]]: Original incorrectly named</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="33">#REDIRECT [[Talk:Current Events]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:12345.JPG</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>256</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1066</id>
      <timestamp>2010-06-18T20:27:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AssaSom</username>
        <id>19</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:A1.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>160</id>
    <revision>
      <id>682</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T04:41:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Maturing medusa</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="15">Maturing medusa</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Acromitus flag0.JPG</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>117</id>
    <revision>
      <id>597</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:30:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)

Taiwan</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="45">''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)

Taiwan</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1420</id>
      <parentid>597</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:51:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="72">''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)

Taiwan

[[Category:Rhizostomeae]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Acromitus flag1.JPG</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>118</id>
    <revision>
      <id>598</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:30:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)

Taiwan</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="45">''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)

Taiwan</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1429</id>
      <parentid>598</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:53:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="72">''Acromitus flagellatus'' (Maas 1903)

Taiwan

[[Category:Rhizostomeae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Aurea mp.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>123</id>
    <revision>
      <id>611</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T02:49:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Nausithoë aurea'' Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997

*Polyps collected in Ilhabela (north of Sao Paulo State), Brazil,

*Medusa reared in lab from polyps collected in Ilhabela.

Prepared by ''A.C. Morandini''.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="205">''Nausithoë aurea'' Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997

*Polyps collected in Ilhabela (north of Sao Paulo State), Brazil,

*Medusa reared in lab from polyps collected in Ilhabela.

Prepared by ''A.C. Morandini''.</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1308</id>
      <parentid>611</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:51:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="229">''Nausithoë aurea'' Silveira &amp; Morandini, 1997

*Polyps collected in Ilhabela (north of Sao Paulo State), Brazil,

*Medusa reared in lab from polyps collected in Ilhabela.

Prepared by ''A.C. Morandini''.

[[Category:Coronatae]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:AureliaBiogeogrFig.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>162</id>
    <revision>
      <id>688</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T07:42:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:AureliaLH.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>164</id>
    <revision>
      <id>693</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T08:11:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Aurelia Life Cycle</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="18">Aurelia Life Cycle</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:AureliaMorphometrics.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>89</id>
    <revision>
      <id>529</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:20:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Figure: Schematic of Aurelia showing features (f) measured for this study. Oral aspect (top) and cross-section along line XYZ (bottom). f1, bell diameter (mm from 1a to 1b); f2, manubrium depth (mm); f3, folding of the oral arm (0-2, half-point intervals)</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1598">Figure: Schematic of Aurelia showing features (f) measured for this study. Oral aspect (top) and cross-section along line XYZ (bottom). f1, bell diameter (mm from 1a to 1b); f2, manubrium depth (mm); f3, folding of the oral arm (0-2, half-point intervals); f4, mass (g, not shown); f5, oral arm length (mm); f6, manubrium width (mm); f7, oral arm width (mm); f8, gastric pouch shape; f9, proximal gastric diameter (PGD, mm); f10, distal gastric diameter (DGD, mm); f11, subgenital pore diameter (mm); f12, subgenital pore position (central, inside, overlapping, outside); f13, subgenital pore thickening (0-2, half-point intervals); f14, color of gastric filaments; f15, color of gonad; f16, color of bell; f17, color of bell margin; f18, sex; f19, number of lobes; f20, number of rhopalia; f21, bell shape; f22, bell thickness; f23, perradial origins (qtr-1); f24, interradial origins (qtr-1); f25, adradial origins (qtr-1); f26, perradial anastomoses (qtr-1); f27, interradial anastomoses (qtr-1); f28, adradial anastomoses (PAI, qtr-1); f29, rhopalar indent (mm); f30, non-rhopalar indent (mm). The arrows (bottom diagram) show the positions at which bell thickness was measured (see bar above arrow at 4/5 bell radius), along opposite perradial axes in order to calculate bell shape and bell thickness. The diagram illustrates the difference between a &quot;central ...&quot; (lower left) and &quot;adjacent ...&quot; (upper left) placement of the subgenital pore, and also the proximal folding of oral arms which was noticeably greater in female (vertical arm) than male (horizontal arm) medusae of Aurelia sp. 4.</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:AureliaPhylogram.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>161</id>
    <revision>
      <id>687</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T07:41:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:AureliaSp1 LongBeach.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>105</id>
    <revision>
      <id>577</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:03:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Aurelia'' sp.1

Long Beach, California, USA.

(identified by molecular analyses; currently undescribed)</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="105">''Aurelia'' sp.1

Long Beach, California, USA.

(identified by molecular analyses; currently undescribed)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:AureliaSp4Rhopalium OTM.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>149</id>
    <revision>
      <id>654</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:09:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Aurelia
exumbrellar view</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="24">Aurelia
exumbrellar view</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Aurelia Kwajalein.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>108</id>
    <revision>
      <id>581</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:06:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Aurelia'' sp.11

Kwajalein, Marshall Islands.

(identified by molecular analyses; currently undescribed)</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="106">''Aurelia'' sp.11

Kwajalein, Marshall Islands.

(identified by molecular analyses; currently undescribed)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Aurelia ephyra KAR.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>186</id>
    <revision>
      <id>816</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T22:48:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>This is the ephyra stage of Aurelia. The ephyra is just a few millimeters in diameter, free swimming, and preys on smaller plankton.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="132">This is the ephyra stage of Aurelia. The ephyra is just a few millimeters in diameter, free swimming, and preys on smaller plankton.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Aurelia sp3.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>106</id>
    <revision>
      <id>579</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:05:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Aurelia'' sp.3

Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau.

(identified by molecular analyses; currently undescribed)</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="108">''Aurelia'' sp.3

Lake Tketau, Mecherchar, Palau.

(identified by molecular analyses; currently undescribed)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Aurelia sp4.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>107</id>
    <revision>
      <id>580</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:05:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Aurelia'' sp.4

Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau.

(identified by molecular analyses; currently undescribed)</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="110">''Aurelia'' sp.4

Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau.

(identified by molecular analyses; currently undescribed)</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>819</id>
      <parentid>580</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T22:57:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Aurelia sp4.jpg]]&quot;: The diameter of the bell of this animal is approximately 25 cm.


''Prepared by M. Dawson and K. Raskoff.''</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="110">''Aurelia'' sp.4

Big Jellyfish Lake, Koror, Palau.

(identified by molecular analyses; currently undescribed)</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Camtschatica.JPG</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>109</id>
    <revision>
      <id>582</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:07:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838

Monterey Bay Aquarium</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="65">''Phacellophora camtschatica'' Brandt 1838

Monterey Bay Aquarium</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Car Sivickisi Guam.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>131</id>
    <revision>
      <id>621</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T09:34:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Carybdea sivickisi'' Stiasny 1926

Guam</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="41">''Carybdea sivickisi'' Stiasny 1926

Guam</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cass xamachana.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>116</id>
    <revision>
      <id>596</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:29:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Cassiopea andromeda'' (Forskål 1775) *

var. ''xamachana'' R.P. Bigelow 1892

*Medusa reared in lab from polyps collected in Sao Sebastiao (north of Sao Paulo State), Brazil

 

Prepared by ''A.C. Morandini''</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="211">''Cassiopea andromeda'' (Forskål 1775) *

var. ''xamachana'' R.P. Bigelow 1892

*Medusa reared in lab from polyps collected in Sao Sebastiao (north of Sao Paulo State), Brazil

 

Prepared by ''A.C. Morandini''</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1419</id>
      <parentid>596</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:51:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="238">''Cassiopea andromeda'' (Forskål 1775) *

var. ''xamachana'' R.P. Bigelow 1892

*Medusa reared in lab from polyps collected in Sao Sebastiao (north of Sao Paulo State), Brazil

 

Prepared by ''A.C. Morandini''

[[Category:Rhizostomeae]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:CassiopeaMouth.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>147</id>
    <revision>
      <id>652</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:07:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cassiopea</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="9">Cassiopea</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:CassiopeaRhopalium OLO.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>148</id>
    <revision>
      <id>653</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:09:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cassiopea
subumbrellar view</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="27">Cassiopea
subumbrellar view</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:CatostylusMosaicus blue.JPG</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>119</id>
    <revision>
      <id>599</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:32:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824) *

Clarence River, New South Wales, Australia.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="92">''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824) *

Clarence River, New South Wales, Australia.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1426</id>
      <parentid>599</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:52:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="119">''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824) *

Clarence River, New South Wales, Australia.

[[Category:Rhizostomeae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:CatostylusMosaicus brn.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>120</id>
    <revision>
      <id>600</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:32:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824) *

Georges River, New South Wales.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="80">''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824) *

Georges River, New South Wales.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1427</id>
      <parentid>600</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:52:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="107">''Catostylus mosaicus'' (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824) *

Georges River, New South Wales.

[[Category:Rhizostomeae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:CatostylusSymbiosis.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>168</id>
    <revision>
      <id>702</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T08:54:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Juvenile fish with ''Catostylus mosaicus''.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="43">Juvenile fish with ''Catostylus mosaicus''.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Catostylus town.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>121</id>
    <revision>
      <id>601</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:33:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Catostylus townsendi'' Mayer 1915

Taiwan

Courtesy to Dr. Wen-Tseng Lo.

Species identification: Thomas Heeger</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="113">''Catostylus townsendi'' Mayer 1915

Taiwan

Courtesy to Dr. Wen-Tseng Lo.

Species identification: Thomas Heeger</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1422</id>
      <parentid>601</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:51:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="140">''Catostylus townsendi'' Mayer 1915

Taiwan

Courtesy to Dr. Wen-Tseng Lo.

Species identification: Thomas Heeger

[[Category:Rhizostomeae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Chir quadrumanus.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>134</id>
    <revision>
      <id>624</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T09:36:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' (F. Müller, 1859)

*Medusa collected in Ubatuba, (north of Sao Paulo State), Brazil

Prepared by ''A.C. Morandini''</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="147">

''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'' (F. Müller, 1859)

*Medusa collected in Ubatuba, (north of Sao Paulo State), Brazil

Prepared by ''A.C. Morandini''</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Chiropsalmus quadrigatus.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>135</id>
    <revision>
      <id>625</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T09:38:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Chiropsalmus quadrigatus''  Haeckel 1880

Palau</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="49">''Chiropsalmus quadrigatus''  Haeckel 1880

Palau</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cmosaicus cnida1.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>139</id>
    <revision>
      <id>631</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T10:07:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An undischarged cnida from ''Catostylus mosaicus''

scale bar = 10 µm</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="70">An undischarged cnida from ''Catostylus mosaicus''

scale bar = 10 µm</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cmosaicus cnida2.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>140</id>
    <revision>
      <id>633</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T10:10:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>SEM of ''Catostylus mosaicus'' oral arms with tubules of cnidae protruding</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="74">SEM of ''Catostylus mosaicus'' oral arms with tubules of cnidae protruding</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:CnidToLWorkGroup.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>184</id>
    <revision>
      <id>755</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-01T23:58:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>The Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) Workshop on Scyphozoa
Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
28th June, 2007</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="117">The Cnidarian Tree of Life (CnidToL) Workshop on Scyphozoa
Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
28th June, 2007</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:CnidToL logo.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>182</id>
    <revision>
      <id>746</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-01T23:13:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>The Cnidarian Tree of Life project (CnidToL)</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="44">The Cnidarian Tree of Life project (CnidToL)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:CnidariaClasses.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>204</id>
    <revision>
      <id>853</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T01:29:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cnidarian class phylogeny.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="26">Cnidarian class phylogeny.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>935</id>
      <parentid>853</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-29T17:19:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:CnidariaClasses.jpg]]&quot;: Cnidarian classes comprising Medusozoa</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="26">Cnidarian class phylogeny.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Colorata.JPG</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>94</id>
    <revision>
      <id>545</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:52:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Colorata.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>96</id>
    <revision>
      <id>551</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:23:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cotylo Tub LaCiotat1.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>212</id>
    <revision>
      <id>867</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T03:49:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) *
La Ciotat (near Marseilles, France)
Courtesy Dr. Horia Galea

Species identification: Horia Galea</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="140">''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) *
La Ciotat (near Marseilles, France)
Courtesy Dr. Horia Galea

Species identification: Horia Galea</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1423</id>
      <parentid>867</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:52:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="167">''Cotylorhiza tuberculata'' (Macri 1778) *
La Ciotat (near Marseilles, France)
Courtesy Dr. Horia Galea

Species identification: Horia Galea

[[Category:Rhizostomeae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cotylo Tub LaCiotat2.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>214</id>
    <revision>
      <id>869</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T03:51:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cotylorhiza tuberculata  (Macri 1778) *
La Ciotat (near Marseilles, France)</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="75">Cotylorhiza tuberculata  (Macri 1778) *
La Ciotat (near Marseilles, France)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1424</id>
      <parentid>869</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:52:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="102">Cotylorhiza tuberculata  (Macri 1778) *
La Ciotat (near Marseilles, France)

[[Category:Rhizostomeae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cotylo Tub LaCiotat3.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>213</id>
    <revision>
      <id>868</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T03:49:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Cotylorhiza tuberculata''  (Macri 1778) *
La Ciotat (near Marseilles, France)</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="79">''Cotylorhiza tuberculata''  (Macri 1778) *
La Ciotat (near Marseilles, France)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1425</id>
      <parentid>868</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:52:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="106">''Cotylorhiza tuberculata''  (Macri 1778) *
La Ciotat (near Marseilles, France)

[[Category:Rhizostomeae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cotylo Tub LaCiotat4.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>215</id>
    <revision>
      <id>871</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T03:59:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1418</id>
      <parentid>871</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:50:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="25">[[Category:Rhizostomeae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cramastigophora0014.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>211</id>
    <revision>
      <id>866</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T03:42:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Crambione mastigophora Maas 1903 *
Chuuk</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="40">Crambione mastigophora Maas 1903 *
Chuuk</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1417</id>
      <parentid>866</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:47:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+ca</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="67">Crambione mastigophora Maas 1903 *
Chuuk

[[Category:Rhizostomeae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Crambione mastigophora 1.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>208</id>
    <revision>
      <id>862</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T03:32:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Crambione mastigophora Maas 1903</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="32">Crambione mastigophora Maas 1903</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Crambione mastigophora 3a.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>209</id>
    <revision>
      <id>863</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T03:33:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Crambione mastigophora Maas 1903 *
Kwajalein, Marshall Islands</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="62">Crambione mastigophora Maas 1903 *
Kwajalein, Marshall Islands</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1428</id>
      <parentid>863</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:53:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="89">Crambione mastigophora Maas 1903 *
Kwajalein, Marshall Islands

[[Category:Rhizostomeae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Crambionella swarm.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>170</id>
    <revision>
      <id>714</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T18:53:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:CraterolophusConvolulusSide.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>159</id>
    <revision>
      <id>679</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T03:59:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Craterolophus convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) *</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="47">''Craterolophus convolvulus'' (Johnston 1835) *</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:CuninaAmphi KAR.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>167</id>
    <revision>
      <id>699</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T08:47:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Hyperia'' amphipod on the hydrozoan ''Cunina

''Hyperia'' are commonly seen slowly eating away at the tissue underneath the bell of ''Solmissus'' and other deep hydromedusae.

Prepared by ''Kevin Raskoff, Mike Dawson''.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="221">''Hyperia'' amphipod on the hydrozoan ''Cunina

''Hyperia'' are commonly seen slowly eating away at the tissue underneath the bell of ''Solmissus'' and other deep hydromedusae.

Prepared by ''Kevin Raskoff, Mike Dawson''.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea31.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>318</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1324</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T06:32:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1329</id>
      <parentid>1324</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T07:48:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="22">[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:CyaneaGooseneck.JPG</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>166</id>
    <revision>
      <id>698</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T08:46:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Gooseneck barnacle on ''Cyanea''.

Huon Estuary, February 2003. 

Prepared by Mike Dawson.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="90">Gooseneck barnacle on ''Cyanea''.

Huon Estuary, February 2003. 

Prepared by Mike Dawson.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1297</id>
      <parentid>698</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:43:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="114">Gooseneck barnacle on ''Cyanea''.

Huon Estuary, February 2003. 

Prepared by Mike Dawson.

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-1.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>276</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1203</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T10:39:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Lateral view whole animal (Front)</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="33">Lateral view whole animal (Front)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1204</id>
      <parentid>1203</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T11:04:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-1.jpg]]&quot;: Lateral view who;e animal (Front)</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="33">Lateral view whole animal (Front)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1296</id>
      <parentid>1204</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:34:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="57">Lateral view whole animal (Front)

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1310</id>
      <parentid>1296</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:56:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+sort key</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="59">Lateral view whole animal (Front)

[[Category:Cyaneidae|0]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331</id>
      <parentid>1310</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:09:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-1.jpg]]&quot;: Lateral view whole animal (Front)</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="59">Lateral view whole animal (Front)

[[Category:Cyaneidae|0]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-10.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>285</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1214</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T11:28:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Whole medusa (RGB with flash).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="30">Whole medusa (RGB with flash).</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1287</id>
      <parentid>1214</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:32:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="54">Whole medusa (RGB with flash).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1342</id>
      <parentid>1287</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:21:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-10.jpg]]&quot;: Whole medusa (RGB with flash).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="54">Whole medusa (RGB with flash).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-11.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>286</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1215</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T11:29:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Whole medusa (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="39">Whole medusa (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1286</id>
      <parentid>1215</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:31:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="63">Whole medusa (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1343</id>
      <parentid>1286</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:22:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-11.jpg]]&quot;: Whole medusa (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="63">Whole medusa (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-12.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>287</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1216</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T11:31:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="47">Close-up of Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1285</id>
      <parentid>1216</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:31:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="71">Close-up of Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1344</id>
      <parentid>1285</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:23:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-12.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="71">Close-up of Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ Full trans.

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-13.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>288</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1217</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T11:33:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Picture of center (Bottom Illum/ B. Background.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="47">Picture of center (Bottom Illum/ B. Background.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1284</id>
      <parentid>1217</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:31:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="71">Picture of center (Bottom Illum/ B. Background.

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1346</id>
      <parentid>1284</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:24:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-13.jpg]]&quot;: Picture of center (Bottom Illum/ B. Background.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="71">Picture of center (Bottom Illum/ B. Background.

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-14.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>289</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1220</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T17:15:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of Velar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="53">Close-up of Velar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1268</id>
      <parentid>1220</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:26:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="77">Close-up of Velar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1347</id>
      <parentid>1268</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:26:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-14.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of Velar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="77">Close-up of Velar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-15.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>290</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1221</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T17:17:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ B. background).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="60">Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ B. background).</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1323</id>
      <parentid>1221</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T06:10:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="84">Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1348</id>
      <parentid>1323</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:27:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-15.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ B. background).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="84">Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1349</id>
      <parentid>1348</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:29:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-15.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ B. background).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="84">Close-up of Rhopaliar Lappets (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-16.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>291</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1222</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T17:19:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ B. background).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="49">Close-up Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ B. background).</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1269</id>
      <parentid>1222</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:26:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="73">Close-up Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1350</id>
      <parentid>1269</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:31:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-16.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ B. background).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="73">Close-up Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-17.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>292</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1223</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T17:20:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="49">Close-up of Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1270</id>
      <parentid>1223</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:27:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="73">Close-up of Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1351</id>
      <parentid>1270</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:32:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-17.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="73">Close-up of Rhopalium (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-18.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>293</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1224</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T17:24:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of Coronal muscles (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) v 1.1</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="60">Close-up of Coronal muscles (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) v 1.1</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1267</id>
      <parentid>1224</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:25:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="84">Close-up of Coronal muscles (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) v 1.1

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1352</id>
      <parentid>1267</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:33:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-18.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of Coronal muscles (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="84">Close-up of Coronal muscles (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) v 1.1

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-19.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>294</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1225</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T17:26:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of Coronal Muscles (Bottom illum/ Full trans) v 1.2</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="60">Close-up of Coronal Muscles (Bottom illum/ Full trans) v 1.2</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1271</id>
      <parentid>1225</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:27:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="84">Close-up of Coronal Muscles (Bottom illum/ Full trans) v 1.2

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1353</id>
      <parentid>1271</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:35:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-19.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of Coronal Muscles (Bottom illum/ Full trans) Picture 2.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="84">Close-up of Coronal Muscles (Bottom illum/ Full trans) v 1.2

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-2.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>277</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1205</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T11:05:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Lateral view whole animal (Front RGB)</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="37">Lateral view whole animal (Front RGB)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1295</id>
      <parentid>1205</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:34:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="61">Lateral view whole animal (Front RGB)

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1309</id>
      <parentid>1295</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:56:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+sort key</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="63">Lateral view whole animal (Front RGB)

[[Category:Cyaneidae|0]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332</id>
      <parentid>1309</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:10:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-2.jpg]]&quot;: Lateral view whole animal (Front RGB)</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="63">Lateral view whole animal (Front RGB)

[[Category:Cyaneidae|0]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-20.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>295</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1226</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T17:28:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of Radial Muscles (Bottom Illum/ B background).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="56">Close-up of Radial Muscles (Bottom Illum/ B background).</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1272</id>
      <parentid>1226</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:27:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="80">Close-up of Radial Muscles (Bottom Illum/ B background).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1354</id>
      <parentid>1272</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:36:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-20.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of Radial Muscles (Bottom Illum/ B background).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="80">Close-up of Radial Muscles (Bottom Illum/ B background).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-21.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>296</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1227</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T17:30:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of gonad (Bottom Illum/ B. background).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="48">Close-up of gonad (Bottom Illum/ B. background).</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1273</id>
      <parentid>1227</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:27:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="72">Close-up of gonad (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1355</id>
      <parentid>1273</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:37:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-21.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of gonad (Bottom Illum/ B. background).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="72">Close-up of gonad (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-22.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>297</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1228</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T17:32:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) v 1.1</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="59">Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) v 1.1</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1274</id>
      <parentid>1228</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:27:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="83">Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) v 1.1

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1356</id>
      <parentid>1274</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:38:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-22.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="83">Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) v 1.1

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1384</id>
      <parentid>1356</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-14T09:08:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-22.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 1.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="83">Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) v 1.1

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-23.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>298</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1229</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T17:33:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) v 1.2</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="59">Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) v 1.2</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1275</id>
      <parentid>1229</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:28:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="83">Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) v 1.2

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1357</id>
      <parentid>1275</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:40:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-23.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 2.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="83">Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) v 1.2

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1385</id>
      <parentid>1357</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-14T09:09:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-23.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 2.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="83">Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) v 1.2

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-24.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>299</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1230</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T17:34:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) v 1.3</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="59">Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) v 1.3</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1276</id>
      <parentid>1230</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:28:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="83">Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) v 1.3

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1358</id>
      <parentid>1276</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:41:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-24.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 3.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="83">Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) v 1.3

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1386</id>
      <parentid>1358</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-14T09:11:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-24.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) Picture 3.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="83">Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ Full trans) v 1.3

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-25.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>300</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1231</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T17:36:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ B. background).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="57">Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ B. background).</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1277</id>
      <parentid>1231</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:28:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="81">Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1359</id>
      <parentid>1277</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:45:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-25.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ B. background).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="81">Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1387</id>
      <parentid>1359</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-14T09:12:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-25.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ B. background</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="81">Close-up of canals 2 quads (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-26.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>301</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1232</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T17:38:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ B. background)</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="67">Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ B. background)</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1278</id>
      <parentid>1232</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:28:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="91">Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ B. background)

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1361</id>
      <parentid>1278</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:49:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-26.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ B. background).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="91">Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ B. background)

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-27.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>302</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1233</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T17:39:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of a single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ B. background)</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="59">Close-up of a single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ B. background)</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1279</id>
      <parentid>1233</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:28:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="83">Close-up of a single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ B. background)

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1362</id>
      <parentid>1279</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:50:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-27.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of a single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ B. background).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="83">Close-up of a single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ B. background)

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-28.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>303</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1234</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T17:40:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="65">Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1280</id>
      <parentid>1234</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:28:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="89">Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1363</id>
      <parentid>1280</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:50:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-28.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="89">Close-up of oral arms/ terminal clubs (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-29.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>304</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1235</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T17:42:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="55">Close-up of single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1281</id>
      <parentid>1235</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:29:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="79">Close-up of single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1364</id>
      <parentid>1281</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:51:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-29.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="79">Close-up of single oral arm (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-3.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>278</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1206</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T11:07:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Whole animal from top.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="22">Whole animal from top.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1294</id>
      <parentid>1206</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:33:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="46">Whole animal from top.

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1311</id>
      <parentid>1294</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:56:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+sort key</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="48">Whole animal from top.

[[Category:Cyaneidae|0]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1333</id>
      <parentid>1311</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:11:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-3.jpg]]&quot;: Whole animal from top.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="48">Whole animal from top.

[[Category:Cyaneidae|0]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-30.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>305</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1236</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T17:43:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ B. background).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="62">Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ B. background).</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1282</id>
      <parentid>1236</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:29:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="86">Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1365</id>
      <parentid>1282</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:52:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-30.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ B. background).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="86">Close-up of Exumbrella Quadrant (Bottom Illum/ B. background).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-31.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>306</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1237</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T17:45:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Whole animal Exumbrella (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="51">Whole animal Exumbrella (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1283</id>
      <parentid>1237</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:29:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="75">Whole animal Exumbrella (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1330</id>
      <parentid>1283</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T07:50:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-31.jpg]]&quot;: Whole animal Exumbrella (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="75">Whole animal Exumbrella (Bottom Illum/ Full trans).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-4.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>279</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1207</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T11:08:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up Front/Right Quadrant-Front or side.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="44">Close-up Front/Right Quadrant-Front or side.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1293</id>
      <parentid>1207</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:33:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="68">Close-up Front/Right Quadrant-Front or side.

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1312</id>
      <parentid>1293</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:56:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+sort key</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="70">Close-up Front/Right Quadrant-Front or side.

[[Category:Cyaneidae|0]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1334</id>
      <parentid>1312</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:12:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-4.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up Front/Right Quadrant-Front or side.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="70">Close-up Front/Right Quadrant-Front or side.

[[Category:Cyaneidae|0]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-5.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>280</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1208</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T11:10:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up Bell Margin (Front or Side).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="37">Close-up Bell Margin (Front or Side).</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1292</id>
      <parentid>1208</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:33:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="61">Close-up Bell Margin (Front or Side).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1313</id>
      <parentid>1292</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:57:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+sort key</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="63">Close-up Bell Margin (Front or Side).

[[Category:Cyaneidae|0]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1335</id>
      <parentid>1313</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:13:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-5.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up Bell Margin (Front or Side).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="63">Close-up Bell Margin (Front or Side).

[[Category:Cyaneidae|0]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-6.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>281</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1209</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T11:12:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of tentacle (Front or Side).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="37">Close-up of tentacle (Front or Side).</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1291</id>
      <parentid>1209</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:33:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="61">Close-up of tentacle (Front or Side).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1314</id>
      <parentid>1291</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:57:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+sort key</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="63">Close-up of tentacle (Front or Side).

[[Category:Cyaneidae|0]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1336</id>
      <parentid>1314</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:14:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-6.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of tentacle (Front or Side).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="63">Close-up of tentacle (Front or Side).

[[Category:Cyaneidae|0]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-7.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>282</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1210</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T11:13:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of Oral arms (Front or Side).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="38">Close-up of Oral arms (Front or Side).</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1290</id>
      <parentid>1210</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:32:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="62">Close-up of Oral arms (Front or Side).

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1315</id>
      <parentid>1290</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:57:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+sort key</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="64">Close-up of Oral arms (Front or Side).

[[Category:Cyaneidae|0]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1339</id>
      <parentid>1315</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:18:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-7.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of Oral arms (Front or Side).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="64">Close-up of Oral arms (Front or Side).

[[Category:Cyaneidae|0]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-8.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>283</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1211</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T11:14:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of Manubrium/Mouth.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="28">Close-up of Manubrium/Mouth.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1212</id>
      <parentid>1211</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T11:17:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-8.jpg]]&quot;: Oral side up from top.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="28">Close-up of Manubrium/Mouth.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1289</id>
      <parentid>1212</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:32:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="52">Close-up of Manubrium/Mouth.

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1316</id>
      <parentid>1289</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:58:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+sort key</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="54">Close-up of Manubrium/Mouth.

[[Category:Cyaneidae|0]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1340</id>
      <parentid>1316</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:19:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-8.jpg]]&quot;: Oral side up from top.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="54">Close-up of Manubrium/Mouth.

[[Category:Cyaneidae|0]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Cyanea sp-9.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>284</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1213</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-07T11:19:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Close-up of Manubrium / Mouth.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="30">Close-up of Manubrium / Mouth.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1288</id>
      <parentid>1213</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:32:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="54">Close-up of Manubrium / Mouth.

[[Category:Cyaneidae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1317</id>
      <parentid>1288</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:58:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+sort key</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="56">Close-up of Manubrium / Mouth.

[[Category:Cyaneidae|0]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1341</id>
      <parentid>1317</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T08:20:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Cyanea sp-9.jpg]]&quot;: Close-up of Manubrium / Mouth.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="56">Close-up of Manubrium / Mouth.

[[Category:Cyaneidae|0]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:DHM.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>154</id>
    <revision>
      <id>664</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:27:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bubble plot showing changes in the density of ''Mastigias'' across the lake as each day progresses. Early in the morning (0700 hrs) ''Mastigias'' are found mostly in the western half of the lake, but they rapidly move to the east. During the afternoon, th</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="410">Bubble plot showing changes in the density of ''Mastigias'' across the lake as each day progresses. Early in the morning (0700 hrs) ''Mastigias'' are found mostly in the western half of the lake, but they rapidly move to the east. During the afternoon, they return to the west, where they remain overnight. The rose diagrams down the side show the directions in which the jellyfish are swimming at those times.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:DNA1.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>223</id>
    <revision>
      <id>918</id>
      <timestamp>2010-05-29T07:01:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>969</id>
      <parentid>918</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-01T06:28:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:DNA1.jpg]]&quot;</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:DNA2.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>224</id>
    <revision>
      <id>919</id>
      <timestamp>2010-05-29T07:02:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970</id>
      <parentid>919</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-01T06:29:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:DNA2.jpg]]&quot;</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:DVM.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>155</id>
    <revision>
      <id>665</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:28:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bar graph showing the vertical distribution of ''Mastigias''. The medusae are shallower during the day (light bars) and deeper during night (dark bars).</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="152">Bar graph showing the vertical distribution of ''Mastigias''. The medusae are shallower during the day (light bars) and deeper during night (dark bars).</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:D lobata.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>91</id>
    <revision>
      <id>534</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:32:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Discomedusa lobata</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="18">Discomedusa lobata</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Emedusivora1 copy.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>156</id>
    <revision>
      <id>666</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:28:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Fig2as.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>194</id>
    <revision>
      <id>840</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T00:44:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Swimming planulae</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="17">Swimming planulae</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Fig2bs.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>195</id>
    <revision>
      <id>841</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T00:47:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Scyphistoma with developing mouth and four rudimentary primary tentacles (2 days post settlement)</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="97">Scyphistoma with developing mouth and four rudimentary primary tentacles (2 days post settlement)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Fig2cs.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>196</id>
    <revision>
      <id>842</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T00:55:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Four primary tentacles further developed</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="40">Four primary tentacles further developed</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Fig2ds.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>197</id>
    <revision>
      <id>843</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T00:56:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Early eight tentacles stage: scyphistomae with four well developed primary tentacles and additional four rudimentary secondary tentacles developing</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="147">Early eight tentacles stage: scyphistomae with four well developed primary tentacles and additional four rudimentary secondary tentacles developing</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Fig2es.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>198</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T00:58:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>16 tentacles stage</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="18">16 tentacles stage</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Fig2fs.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>199</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T00:59:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cluster of mature scyphistomae</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="30">Cluster of mature scyphistomae</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Fig2gs.JPG</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>200</id>
    <revision>
      <id>846</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T01:00:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Scyphistomae beginning to strobilate (neck elongation and segmentation phase)</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="77">Scyphistomae beginning to strobilate (neck elongation and segmentation phase)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Fig2hs.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>201</id>
    <revision>
      <id>847</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T01:01:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Strobila ready to release ephyrae</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="33">Strobila ready to release ephyrae</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Fig2is.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>202</id>
    <revision>
      <id>848</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T01:02:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Newly released ephyra</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="21">Newly released ephyra</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Fig2js.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>203</id>
    <revision>
      <id>849</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T01:03:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Juvenile medusae</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="16">Juvenile medusae</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Fig2ks.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>193</id>
    <revision>
      <id>839</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T00:43:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mature medusa</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="13">Mature medusa</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Fuscescens.JPG</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>95</id>
    <revision>
      <id>548</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-09T21:56:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:GLKMastigias.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>188</id>
    <revision>
      <id>820</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T22:58:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>This medusa is about 20cm long.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="31">This medusa is about 20cm long.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Globe.png</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>51</id>
    <revision>
      <id>285</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T22:24:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Haliclystus antarcticus 1C.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>261</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1103</id>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T06:21:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1104</id>
      <parentid>1103</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T06:23:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+summary</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="456">==Summary==

* '''Description''': Living specimens of Haliclystus antarcticus in the field. Side view, attached to rock. Scale bar 1.2 cm.
* '''Source''': Miranda, L. S., Collins, A. G., Marques, A. C. (2010) Molecules Clarify a Cnidarian Life Cycle – The “Hydrozoan” Microhydrula limopsicola Is an Early Life Stage of the Staurozoan Haliclystus antarcticus. ''PLoS ONE'' '''5'''(4): e10182.
* '''License''': Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Generic.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1373</id>
      <parentid>1104</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-11T17:16:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="480">==Summary==

* '''Description''': Living specimens of Haliclystus antarcticus in the field. Side view, attached to rock. Scale bar 1.2 cm.
* '''Source''': Miranda, L. S., Collins, A. G., Marques, A. C. (2010) Molecules Clarify a Cnidarian Life Cycle – The “Hydrozoan” Microhydrula limopsicola Is an Early Life Stage of the Staurozoan Haliclystus antarcticus. ''PLoS ONE'' '''5'''(4): e10182.
* '''License''': Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Generic.

[[Category:Staurozoa]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Haliclystus antarcticus Pfeffer 17fev2007 hi.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>245</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1003</id>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T03:42:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_1889</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="36">Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_1889</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1374</id>
      <parentid>1003</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-11T17:17:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="60">Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_1889

[[Category:Staurozoa]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Haliclystus antarcticus Pfeffer 17fev2007 lo.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>244</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1002</id>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T03:40:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_1889</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="36">Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_1889</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1009</id>
      <parentid>1002</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T03:47:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="96">Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_1889

[[Media:Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_17fev2007_hi.ogg]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1015</id>
      <parentid>1009</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-03T03:55:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="36">Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_1889</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1375</id>
      <parentid>1015</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-11T17:17:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="60">Haliclystus_antarcticus_Pfeffer_1889

[[Category:Staurozoa]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Handling1.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>219</id>
    <revision>
      <id>911</id>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T23:35:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>912</id>
      <parentid>911</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-28T23:40:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Handling1.jpg]]&quot;</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>965</id>
      <parentid>912</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-01T06:25:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Handling1.jpg]]&quot;</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Handling2.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>220</id>
    <revision>
      <id>914</id>
      <timestamp>2010-05-29T06:16:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>966</id>
      <parentid>914</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-01T06:26:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Handling2.jpg]]&quot;</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Handling3.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>221</id>
    <revision>
      <id>915</id>
      <timestamp>2010-05-29T06:16:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>967</id>
      <parentid>915</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-01T06:27:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Handling3.jpg]]&quot;</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Handling4.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>222</id>
    <revision>
      <id>916</id>
      <timestamp>2010-05-29T06:16:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>968</id>
      <parentid>916</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-06-01T06:28:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Handling4.jpg]]&quot;</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Jfishery1.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>171</id>
    <revision>
      <id>715</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T18:53:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fig. 1: Annual world harvest of jellyfish. Source: United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization 2000.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="105">Fig. 1: Annual world harvest of jellyfish. Source: United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization 2000.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Jfishery2.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>172</id>
    <revision>
      <id>716</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T18:54:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fig. 2: Relative quantity of jellyfish caught by different countries during 2000.

Source: United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization 2000.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="145">Fig. 2: Relative quantity of jellyfish caught by different countries during 2000.

Source: United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization 2000.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Jfishery3.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>173</id>
    <revision>
      <id>717</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T18:55:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fig. 3: Ecological roles of medusae and polyps. Adapted from Kingsford et al. 2000.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="83">Fig. 3: Ecological roles of medusae and polyps. Adapted from Kingsford et al. 2000.</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:JotQ AJ03 SW1.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>210</id>
    <revision>
      <id>864</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T03:40:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Crambionella orsini (Vanhöffen 1888)</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="37">Crambionella orsini (Vanhöffen 1888)</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1421</id>
      <parentid>864</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:51:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="64">Crambionella orsini (Vanhöffen 1888)

[[Category:Rhizostomeae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Lactea.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>97</id>
    <revision>
      <id>559</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:40:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
Cananeia county (south of Sao Paulo state), Brazil</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="88">''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
Cananeia county (south of Sao Paulo state), Brazil</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>561</id>
      <parentid>559</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:43:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Lactea.jpg]]&quot;: ''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829 Cananeia county (south of Sao Paulo state), Brazil</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="88">''Chrysaora lactea'' Eschscholtz 1829
Cananeia county (south of Sao Paulo state), Brazil</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Lilies.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>78</id>
    <revision>
      <id>461</id>
      <timestamp>2009-10-26T18:17:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Linuche5101.JPG</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>122</id>
    <revision>
      <id>610</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T02:44:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880

Philippines, Buyong</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="52">''Linuche aquila'' Haeckel 1880

Philippines, Buyong</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:LiveChat.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>322</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1397</id>
      <timestamp>2011-05-12T11:04:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Murkynerve73575</username>
        <id>36</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Livechat.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>321</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1396</id>
      <timestamp>2011-05-11T17:25:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Murkynerve73575</username>
        <id>36</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Mastigias1.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>153</id>
    <revision>
      <id>663</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:26:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Mastigias'' medusae aggregate against the shadow-line cast by overhanging trees</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="81">''Mastigias'' medusae aggregate against the shadow-line cast by overhanging trees</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:MastigiasMorphometrics.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>136</id>
    <revision>
      <id>627</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T09:46:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Figure: The morphology of Mastigias. (A) Photograph of an approximately 15 cm [bell diameter] medusa from Goby Lake, Palau. (B) Sketch of a longitudinal section along the interradial axis of the medusa [i.e. through the plane of the paper after rotation o</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2438">Figure: The morphology of Mastigias. (A) Photograph of an approximately 15 cm [bell diameter] medusa from Goby Lake, Palau. (B) Sketch of a longitudinal section along the interradial axis of the medusa [i.e. through the plane of the paper after rotation of the medusa in A through approximately 30° to the left]. (C) Sketch of the subumbrellar surface of the bell, and (D) cross-section through the bell along line VWX. (E) Schematic of the oral disc, in oral aspect, showing two of the eight oral arms, and (F) cross-section through the oral disc along line YZ or its orthogonal. Features discussed below include the following. Bell colour (f1). Perradial and interradial canal colour (f2). The presence of pigmented flecks at the roots or along the length of radial canals (f3). Oral arm colour (f4; lower arrow points to the �fringe�). Terminal club colour (f5). Abundance (f6) and colour (f7) of spots on the exumbrellar surface. Bell diameter (f9). Ring canal diameter (f10). Length of the simple, unwinged, portion of the oral arm (f11). Length of the winged portion of the oral arm (f12). Shape (f13), number (f14), and length (f15) of the terminal clubs. Length (f16), width (f17), and depth (f18) of the oral pillars. Width of the subgenital ostia (f19). Diameter (f20) and depth (f21) of the oral disc. Presence of intermediate filaments on the oral arm and oral disc (f22). Number of velar lappets [i.e. all lappets bar the two at each rhopalium] (f23). Shape of the gastrovascular cavity (f24). Colour of the subgenital porticus (f25). The interradial (I. f26) and perradial (P. f27) diameters of the gastrovascular cavity. Bell thickness (f28). The number of perradial (f29), interradial (f30), and adradial (f31) canal origins at the gastrovascular cavity. The number of perradial (f32) and adradial (f34) anastomoses in the radial canals that are circumscribed by the ring canal. The number of sinuses originating at the gastrovascular cavity (f35), and interradial (f37) and adradial (f38) canals. Radial canals are named consistent with the phylogenetic hypothesis of Uchida (1926: 87). Five features are not indicated in the figure: the mass of the whole medusa (f8), the number of interradial anastomoses (f33), the number of sinuses originating at perradial (f36) and ring canals (f39), and the number of anastomoses leading to two sinuses (f40). bf, brood filaments which are found only on mature female medusae.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>File:MastigiasPapuaBellMargin.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>141</id>
    <revision>
      <id>635</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T10:18:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
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  <page>
    <title>File:MastigiasPapuaRhopalium OTM.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>150</id>
    <revision>
      <id>655</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:09:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mastigias
subumbrellar view</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="27">Mastigias
subumbrellar view</text>
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  <page>
    <title>File:MastigiasUW.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>152</id>
    <revision>
      <id>662</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-16T02:26:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Mastigias'' medusae avoid shaded water</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="40">''Mastigias'' medusae avoid shaded water</text>
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  <page>
    <title>File:MastigiasZooxanthellae.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>165</id>
    <revision>
      <id>696</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T08:30:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>The golden jellyfish, Mastigias papua (left), is given its colour by
the photosynthetic pigments in symbiotic zooxanthellae (right).

Prepared by Mike Dawson, Laura Martin.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="172">The golden jellyfish, Mastigias papua (left), is given its colour by
the photosynthetic pigments in symbiotic zooxanthellae (right).

Prepared by Mike Dawson, Laura Martin.</text>
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      <timestamp>2011-03-14T08:43:27Z</timestamp>
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        <username>AlfredoVB</username>
        <id>33</id>
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      <comment>Lab Materials</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="13">Lab Materials</text>
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      <comment>Mighty Mouse cartoon character</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="30">Mighty Mouse cartoon character</text>
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        <id>16</id>
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      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Morph1.jpg]]&quot;</comment>
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      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Morph2.jpg]]&quot;</comment>
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      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Morph3.jpg]]&quot;</comment>
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    <title>File:Morph9.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>232</id>
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  <page>
    <title>File:Mountains.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>79</id>
    <revision>
      <id>484</id>
      <timestamp>2009-10-26T18:33:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:NausithoePunctata.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>127</id>
    <revision>
      <id>615</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T03:03:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853 * medusa, c. 4 m depth, Risong, Palau

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="115">''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853 * medusa, c. 4 m depth, Risong, Palau

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1301</id>
      <parentid>615</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:49:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="139">''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853 * medusa, c. 4 m depth, Risong, Palau

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms

[[Category:Coronatae]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:NausithoeRacemosa.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>129</id>
    <revision>
      <id>618</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T09:25:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Nausithoë racemosa'' (Komai, 1936)

*3-5 m depth on rock wall, Risong, Palau

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="118">''Nausithoë racemosa'' (Komai, 1936)

*3-5 m depth on rock wall, Risong, Palau

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1302</id>
      <parentid>618</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:49:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="142">''Nausithoë racemosa'' (Komai, 1936)

*3-5 m depth on rock wall, Risong, Palau

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms

[[Category:Coronatae]]</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Nausithoe eumedusoides1 MH.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>124</id>
    <revision>
      <id>612</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T02:51:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Nausithoë eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)

*Polyp, in culture at Hamburg University

*Collected at Marseille on the 14.05.2002 by Zibrowius at a depth of 14-23m in marine cave habitats

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="223">''Nausithoë eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)

*Polyp, in culture at Hamburg University

*Collected at Marseille on the 14.05.2002 by Zibrowius at a depth of 14-23m in marine cave habitats

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1303</id>
      <parentid>612</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:49:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="247">''Nausithoë eumedusoides'' (Werner 1974)

*Polyp, in culture at Hamburg University

*Collected at Marseille on the 14.05.2002 by Zibrowius at a depth of 14-23m in marine cave habitats

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms

[[Category:Coronatae]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Nausithoe marginata MH.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>125</id>
    <revision>
      <id>613</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T02:54:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Nausithoë marginata'' Kölliker 1853 (polyp)

*Collected by dredging at Banyuls sur mer on the 01.01.1981 by G. Jarms at a depht of 20-30 meters in coralligene rocks

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="207">''Nausithoë marginata'' Kölliker 1853 (polyp)

*Collected by dredging at Banyuls sur mer on the 01.01.1981 by G. Jarms at a depht of 20-30 meters in coralligene rocks

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1304</id>
      <parentid>613</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:49:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="231">''Nausithoë marginata'' Kölliker 1853 (polyp)

*Collected by dredging at Banyuls sur mer on the 01.01.1981 by G. Jarms at a depht of 20-30 meters in coralligene rocks

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms

[[Category:Coronatae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Nausithoe planulophora MH.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>126</id>
    <revision>
      <id>614</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T02:57:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Nausithoë planulophora'' (Werner 1971)

*Polyp, in culture at Hamburg University

*Collected at the Gulf of Sorrent in 1975 by B. Werner, in marine cave habitats

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="203">''Nausithoë planulophora'' (Werner 1971)

*Polyp, in culture at Hamburg University

*Collected at the Gulf of Sorrent in 1975 by B. Werner, in marine cave habitats

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1305</id>
      <parentid>614</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:50:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="227">''Nausithoë planulophora'' (Werner 1971)

*Polyp, in culture at Hamburg University

*Collected at the Gulf of Sorrent in 1975 by B. Werner, in marine cave habitats

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms

[[Category:Coronatae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Nausithoe punctata MH.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>128</id>
    <revision>
      <id>616</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T03:09:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853 *

*Polyp, in culture at Hamburg University

*Collected at Banyuls sur mer on the 27.11.2000 by I. Satje at a depht of 13.5 meters, commensal with sponge

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="231">''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853 *

*Polyp, in culture at Hamburg University

*Collected at Banyuls sur mer on the 27.11.2000 by I. Satje at a depht of 13.5 meters, commensal with sponge

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1306</id>
      <parentid>616</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:50:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="255">''Nausithoë punctata'' Kölliker 1853 *

*Polyp, in culture at Hamburg University

*Collected at Banyuls sur mer on the 27.11.2000 by I. Satje at a depht of 13.5 meters, commensal with sponge

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms

[[Category:Coronatae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Nausithoe zibrowii MH.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>130</id>
    <revision>
      <id>619</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T09:27:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1974

*Polyp, in culture at Hamburg University

*Collected at Gulf of Sorrent in 1975 by B. Werner, in marine caves

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="187">''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1974

*Polyp, in culture at Hamburg University

*Collected at Gulf of Sorrent in 1975 by B. Werner, in marine caves

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1307</id>
      <parentid>619</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:50:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="211">''Thecoscyphus zibrowii'' Werner 1974

*Polyp, in culture at Hamburg University

*Collected at Gulf of Sorrent in 1975 by B. Werner, in marine caves

Species identification: Gerhard Jarms

[[Category:Coronatae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Nemo Nomu Polyps Kawahara.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>176</id>
    <revision>
      <id>721</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T19:06:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Nemopilema nomurai'' polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="88">''Nemopilema nomurai'' polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1415</id>
      <parentid>721</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:46:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="121">''Nemopilema nomurai'' polyps fertilized, reared, and displayed in the lab (M. Kawahara)

[[Category:Nemopilema nomurai]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Nemo nomu polyps.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>13</id>
    <revision>
      <id>66</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-13T22:56:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
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    <revision>
      <id>1410</id>
      <parentid>66</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:44:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>re-cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="31">[[Category:Nemopilema nomurai]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:NemopilemaNomuraiSetNet2005.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>175</id>
    <revision>
      <id>720</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T19:05:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Nemopilema nomurai'' being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="89">''Nemopilema nomurai'' being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1413</id>
      <parentid>720</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:46:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="122">''Nemopilema nomurai'' being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005

[[Category:Nemopilema nomurai]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:NemopilemaNomurai 100scuba.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>177</id>
    <revision>
      <id>722</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T19:07:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
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    <revision>
      <id>1414</id>
      <parentid>722</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:46:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="31">[[Category:Nemopilema nomurai]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:NemopilemaNomurai 30.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>174</id>
    <revision>
      <id>719</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-21T19:04:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Nemopilema nomurai'' - 30 cm bell diameter</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="44">''Nemopilema nomurai'' - 30 cm bell diameter</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1416</id>
      <parentid>719</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:46:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="77">''Nemopilema nomurai'' - 30 cm bell diameter

[[Category:Nemopilema nomurai]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Nemopilema nomurai.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>10</id>
    <revision>
      <id>44</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-13T21:01:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1411</id>
      <parentid>44</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:45:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="31">[[Category:Nemopilema nomurai]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Nemopilema nomurai net.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>12</id>
    <revision>
      <id>57</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-13T22:48:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
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    <revision>
      <id>58</id>
      <parentid>57</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-13T22:49:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="85">Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1409</id>
      <parentid>58</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:43:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="118">Nemopilema nomurai being pushed out of a set net by fishermen with bamboo poles, 2005

[[Category:Nemopilema nomurai]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>File:Nemopilema nomurai scuba.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>14</id>
    <revision>
      <id>70</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-13T23:00:37Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:45:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="31">[[Category:Nemopilema nomurai]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>File:Pack1.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>235</id>
    <revision>
      <id>956</id>
      <timestamp>2010-06-01T06:13:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
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      <timestamp>2010-06-01T06:22:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Pack1.jpg]]&quot;</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>16</id>
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      <contributor>
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      <timestamp>2010-06-01T06:23:48Z</timestamp>
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        <id>16</id>
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  <page>
    <title>File:Pack9.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>242</id>
    <revision>
      <id>964</id>
      <timestamp>2010-06-01T06:25:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lgomezdaglio</username>
        <id>16</id>
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  <page>
    <title>File:Papua.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>76</id>
    <revision>
      <id>456</id>
      <timestamp>2009-10-26T17:53:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Papua.png</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>75</id>
    <revision>
      <id>455</id>
      <timestamp>2009-10-26T17:53:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:PelagiaNoctiluca6704.JPG</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>99</id>
    <revision>
      <id>565</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:48:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * New Zealand</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="51">''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * New Zealand</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:PelagiaPanopyra2160.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>100</id>
    <revision>
      <id>566</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:49:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * Philippines


(may be ''P. panopyra'' - see Cornelius [1997])</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="101">''Pelagia noctiluca'' (Forskål 1775) * Philippines


(may be ''P. panopyra'' - see Cornelius [1997])</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Pelagia 7 Kwajalein012003a.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>101</id>
    <revision>
      <id>567</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:50:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Image 1 by J. Johnson

''Pelagia sp.'' Kwajalein, Marshall Islands</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="66">Image 1 by J. Johnson

''Pelagia sp.'' Kwajalein, Marshall Islands</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Pelagia 7 Kwajalein 012003.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>102</id>
    <revision>
      <id>568</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:51:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Image 2 by J. Johnson

Pelagia sp. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="62">Image 2 by J. Johnson

Pelagia sp. Kwajalein, Marshall Islands</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Pen.png</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>25</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-14T17:56:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>122</id>
      <parentid>121</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-14T17:57:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:Pen.png]]&quot;</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="0" />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Quinquecirrha.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>98</id>
    <revision>
      <id>563</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T21:45:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)Bahrain</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="47">''Chrysaora quinquecirrha'' (Desor 1848)Bahrain</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:REVSYSfig1.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>180</id>
    <revision>
      <id>736</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-01T22:43:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Scyphomedusae in the families Cyaneidae'' 

(LEFT - top: Cyanea sp.; bottom: Cyanea annaskala),
Ulmaridae (CENTER - top: Aurelia sp.1; bottom: Tiburonia granrojo), and Pelagiidae (RIGHT - top: Chrysaora sp.; bottom: Pelagia sp.). 

These three families </comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="312">''Scyphomedusae in the families Cyaneidae'' 

(LEFT - top: Cyanea sp.; bottom: Cyanea annaskala),
Ulmaridae (CENTER - top: Aurelia sp.1; bottom: Tiburonia granrojo), and Pelagiidae (RIGHT - top: Chrysaora sp.; bottom: Pelagia sp.). 

These three families make up the traditionally recognized Order Semaeostomeae.</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:SampleTissues.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>190</id>
    <revision>
      <id>827</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-04T23:19:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sample tissues.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="15">Sample tissues.</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:ScyphozoaOrders.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>205</id>
    <revision>
      <id>854</id>
      <timestamp>2010-02-05T01:30:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Scyphozoa order phylogeny</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="25">Scyphozoa order phylogeny</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>933</id>
      <parentid>854</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-29T17:08:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:ScyphozoaOrders.jpg]]&quot;: Acraspeda = Cubozoa + Scyphozoa</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="25">Scyphozoa order phylogeny</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>934</id>
      <parentid>933</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-05-29T17:11:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>uploaded a new version of &quot;[[Image:ScyphozoaOrders.jpg]]&quot;: Acraspeda = Cubozoa + Scyphozoa</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="25">Scyphozoa order phylogeny</text>
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      <timestamp>2011-07-11T05:49:22Z</timestamp>
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  <page>
    <title>File:Stella-lab2 350.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>111</id>
    <revision>
      <id>586</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:14:54Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Kevin Baskoff (c) 2003 MBARI</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="28">Kevin Baskoff (c) 2003 MBARI</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Stella3f 350.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>110</id>
    <revision>
      <id>584</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:13:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *

Eastern North Pacific and Gulf of California

Nickname: &quot;Bumpy&quot; 

Photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. For more information check out MBARI's news release on ''S. ventana'</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="257">''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 *

Eastern North Pacific and Gulf of California

Nickname: &quot;Bumpy&quot; 

Photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. For more information check out MBARI's news release on ''S. ventana''.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>585</id>
      <parentid>584</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:13:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="324">''Stellamedusa ventana'' Raskoff and Matsumoto 2004 * 

Eastern North Pacific and Gulf of California 

Nickname: &quot;Bumpy&quot; 

Photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. For more information check out [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/stellamedusa.html MBARI's news release on ''S. ventana''].</text>
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  <page>
    <title>File:Stellabumps1 350.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>112</id>
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      <id>587</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:15:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kevin Baskoff (c) 2003 MBARI</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="28">Kevin Baskoff (c) 2003 MBARI</text>
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    <title>File:Strobila.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>189</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>The Strolbila is just a few centimeters long.</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="45">The Strolbila is just a few centimeters long.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>File:Sunset.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
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      <timestamp>2009-10-26T18:33:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
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  <page>
    <title>File:TSW logo.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
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      <timestamp>2009-03-22T16:51:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mdawson</username>
        <id>4</id>
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      <comment>Logo</comment>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Tam haplonema.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>133</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2009-11-11T09:35:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Tamoya haplonema'' (F. Müller, 1859)

Sao Sebastiao (north of Sao Paulo State), Brazil

Prepared by ''A.C. Morandini''</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="123">

''Tamoya haplonema'' (F. Müller, 1859)

Sao Sebastiao (north of Sao Paulo State), Brazil

Prepared by ''A.C. Morandini''</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Tib granrojo1.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>113</id>
    <revision>
      <id>588</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:16:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 

North Pacific, western North America and eastern Japan

Photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="183">''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 

North Pacific, western North America and eastern Japan

Photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Tib granrojo2.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>114</id>
    <revision>
      <id>589</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-10T22:16:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 

North Pacific, western North America and eastern Japan

Photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="183">''Tiburonia granrojo'' Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay 2003 * 

North Pacific, western North America and eastern Japan

Photographs courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute</text>
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    <title>File:Tripedalia cystophoraLEM065.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
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      <id>622</id>
      <timestamp>2009-11-11T09:34:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jshay</username>
        <id>7</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>''Tripedalia cystophora''  Conant 1897

Maratua, Indonesia</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="58">''Tripedalia cystophora''  Conant 1897

Maratua, Indonesia</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;-&quot;</comment>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="51">Site hosted and supported by the UC Merced Library.</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;-&quot;</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Sidebar</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
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      <timestamp>2008-08-18T18:31:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <comment>New page: * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-ur...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="211">* navigation
** mainpage|mainpage
** portal-url|portal
** currentevents-url|currentevents
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help
** sitesupport-url|sitesupport


** link</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="244">* navigation
** mainpage|mainpage
** portal-url|portal
** currentevents-url|currentevents
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help
** sitesupport-url|sitesupport
** http://www.mediawiki.org|MediaWiki home</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="229">* navigation
** mainpage|mainpage
** portal-url|portal
** currentevents-url|currentevents
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help
** sitesupport-url|sitesupport
** The Secret Passage|What?</text>
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      <parentid>223</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T18:33:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="214">* navigation
** mainpage|mainpage
** portal-url|portal
** currentevents-url|currentevents
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help
** sitesupport-url|sitesupport
** Link|Link</text>
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      <id>225</id>
      <parentid>224</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T18:34:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
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      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="240">* The Main Menu
** mainpage|mainpage
** portal-url|portal
** currentevents-url|currentevents
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help
** sitesupport-url|sitesupport
** The Scyphozoan:NewPage|Test Link</text>
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      <id>251</id>
      <parentid>225</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T20:45:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Botadmin</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="209">* The Main Menu
** mainpage|mainpage
** portal-url|portal
** currentevents-url|currentevents
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help
** The Scyphozoan:NewPage|Test Link</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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    <revision>
      <id>252</id>
      <parentid>251</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T20:46:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Botadmin</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="206">* navigation
** mainpage|mainpage
** portal-url|portal
** currentevents-url|currentevents
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help
** The Scyphozoan:NewPage|Test Link</text>
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      <timestamp>2008-08-18T22:27:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="170">* navigation
** mainpage|mainpage
** portal-url|portal
** currentevents-url|currentevents
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <id>346</id>
      <parentid>289</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-22T17:58:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Botadmin</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="206">* navigation
** mainpage|mainpage
** portal-url|portal
** currentevents-url|currentevents
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
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&lt;br&gt;

*Biology
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&lt;br&gt; 

*'''Biology ''' 
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*'''Projects '''
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&lt;br&gt; 

*Biology 
**Anatomy|Anatomy 
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&lt;br&gt; 

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*Systematics 
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**Semaeostomeae|Semaeostomeae 
**Stauromedusae|Stauromedusae

&lt;br&gt; 

*Biology 
**Anatomy|Anatomy 
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&lt;br&gt; 

*Resources 
**Glossary|Glossary 
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*Projects 
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*Systematics 
**Coronatae|Coronatae 
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**Rhizostomeae|Rhizostomeae 
**Semaeostomeae|Semaeostomeae 
**Stauromedusae|Stauromedusae

&lt;br&gt; 

*Biology 
**Anatomy|Anatomy 
**Behavior|Behavior 
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&lt;br&gt; 

*Resources 
**Glossary|Glossary 
**Methods|Methods 
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**Contributions|Contributions

&lt;br&gt; 

*Projects 
**The Cnidarian Tree of Life|The Cnidarian Tree of Life 
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&lt;br&gt; 

*Systematics 
**Coronatae|Coronatae 
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**Semaeostomeae|Semaeostomeae 
**Stauromedusae|Stauromedusae

&lt;br&gt; 

*Biology 
**Anatomy|Anatomy 
**Behavior|Behavior 
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&lt;br&gt; 

*Resources 
**Glossary|Glossary 
**Methods|Methods 
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&lt;br&gt; 

*Projects 
**The Cnidarian Tree of Life|The Cnidarian Tree of Life 
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**Rhizostomeae|Rhizostomeae 
**Semaeostomeae|Semaeostomeae 
**Stauromedusae|Stauromedusae

&lt;br&gt; 

*Biology 
**Anatomy|Anatomy 
**Behavior|Behavior 
**Biogeography|Biogeography 
**Ecology|Ecology 
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**Pylogeny|Phylogeny

&lt;br&gt; 

*Projects 
**The Cnidarian Tree of Life|The Cnidarian Tree of Life 
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&lt;br&gt;</text>
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**Semaeostomeae|Semaeostomeae 
**Stauromedusae|Stauromedusae

&lt;br&gt; 

*Biology 
**Anatomy|Anatomy 
**Behavior|Behavior 
**Biogeography|Biogeography 
**Ecology|Ecology 
**Evolution|Evolution 
**Pylogeny|Phylogeny

&lt;br&gt; 

*Projects 
**The Cnidarian Tree of Life|The Cnidarian Tree of Life 
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&lt;br&gt; 

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&lt;br&gt;</text>
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&lt;br&gt; 

*Biology 
**Anatomy|Anatomy 
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&lt;br&gt; 

*Projects 
**The Cnidarian Tree of Life|The Cnidarian Tree of Life 
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&lt;br&gt; 

*Resources 
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&lt;br&gt;</text>
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**Stauromedusae|Stauromedusae

&lt;br&gt; 

*Biology 
**Anatomy|Anatomy 
**Behavior|Behavior 
**Biogeography|Biogeography 
**Ecology|Ecology 
**Evolution|Evolution

&lt;br&gt; 

*Projects 
**The Cnidarian Tree of Life|The Cnidarian Tree of Life 
**Rennaissance Taxonomy of Semaeostome Scyphomedusae (REVSYS)|Rennaissance Taxonomy of Semaeostome Scyphomedusae (REVSYS)

&lt;br&gt; 

*Resources 
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&lt;br&gt;</text>
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&lt;br&gt; 

*Biology 
**Anatomy|Anatomy 
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**Biogeography|Biogeography 
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&lt;br&gt; 

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**REVSYS)|REVSYS

&lt;br&gt; 

*Resources 
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&lt;br&gt;</text>
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&lt;br&gt; 

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**Rhizostomeae|Rhizostomeae 
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**Stauromedusae|Stauromedusae

&lt;br&gt; 

*Biology 
**Anatomy|Anatomy 
**Behavior|Behavior 
**Biogeography|Biogeography 
**Ecology|Ecology 
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&lt;br&gt; 

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&lt;br&gt; 

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&lt;br&gt;</text>
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&lt;br&gt; 

*Biology 
**Anatomy|Anatomy 
**Behavior|Behavior 
**Biogeography|Biogeography 
**Ecology|Ecology 
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&lt;br&gt; 

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&lt;br&gt; 

*Resources 
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&lt;br&gt; 

*Biology 
**Anatomy|Anatomy 
**Behavior|Behavior 
**Biogeography|Biogeography 
**Ecology|Ecology 
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&lt;br&gt; 

*Projects 
**Tree of Life|Tree of Life 
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&lt;br&gt; 

*Resources 
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&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; 

*participate 
**Identify a jellyfish|Identify a jellyfish
**Community Portal|Community Portal 
**Recent Changes|Recent Changes 
**Contributions|Contributions 
**Help|Help

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*Systematics 
**Coronatae|Coronatae 
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**Current Events|Current Events 
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*participate 
**Identify a jellyfish|Identify a jellyfish
**Community Portal|Community Portal 
**Recent Changes|Recent Changes 
**Contributions|Contributions 
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*participate 
**Identify a jellyfish|Identify a jellyfish
**Community Portal|Community Portal 
**Recent Changes|Recent Changes 
**Contributions|Contributions 
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*participate 
**Identify a jellyfish|Identify a jellyfish
**Community Portal|Community Portal 
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**Identify a jellyfish|Identify a jellyfish
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*participate 
**Identify a jellyfish|Identify a jellyfish
**Community Portal|Community Portal 
**Recent Changes|Recent Changes 
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&lt;small&gt;This article is in need of additional information.&lt;br&gt;
If you feel you have something to contribute, please email the editor at [mailto:mndawson@ucdavis.edu mndawson@ucdavis.edu]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>215</id>
      <parentid>212</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T18:05:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="363">&lt;div style=&quot;border: 3px solid #FFE79F; background: #FCFFCD; padding: 10px; float:right; filter:alpha(opacity=50); -moz-opacity:.50; opacity:.50; position: fixed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;small&gt;This article is in need of additional information.&lt;br&gt;
If you feel you have something to contribute, please email the editor at [mailto:mndawson@ucdavis.edu mndawson@ucdavis.edu]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>216</id>
      <parentid>215</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T18:05:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="350">&lt;div style=&quot;border: 3px solid #FFE79F; background: #FCFFCD; padding: 10px; filter:alpha(opacity=50); -moz-opacity:.50; opacity:.50; position: fixed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;small&gt;This article is in need of additional information.&lt;br&gt;
If you feel you have something to contribute, please email the editor at [mailto:mndawson@ucdavis.edu mndawson@ucdavis.edu]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>217</id>
      <parentid>216</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T18:05:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="369">&lt;div style=&quot;border: 3px solid #FFE79F; background: #FCFFCD; padding: 10px; text-align: right; filter:alpha(opacity=50); -moz-opacity:.50; opacity:.50; position: fixed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;small&gt;This article is in need of additional information.&lt;br&gt;
If you feel you have something to contribute, please email the editor at [mailto:mndawson@ucdavis.edu mndawson@ucdavis.edu]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>218</id>
      <parentid>217</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T18:06:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="369">&lt;div style=&quot;border: 3px solid #FFE79F; background: #FCFFCD; padding: 10px; text-align: right; filter:alpha(opacity=90); -moz-opacity:.90; opacity:.90; position: fixed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;small&gt;This article is in need of additional information.&lt;br&gt;
If you feel you have something to contribute, please email the editor at [mailto:mndawson@ucdavis.edu mndawson@ucdavis.edu]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>290</id>
      <parentid>218</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T22:29:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="365">&lt;div style=&quot;border: 3px solid #FFE79F; background: #FCFFCD; padding: 10px; text-align: right; filter:alpha(opacity=90); -moz-opacity:.90; opacity:.90; float: right&quot;&gt;
&lt;small&gt;This article is in need of additional information.&lt;br&gt;
If you feel you have something to contribute, please email the editor at [mailto:mndawson@ucdavis.edu mndawson@ucdavis.edu]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>291</id>
      <parentid>290</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T22:29:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="366">&lt;div style=&quot;border: 3px solid #FFE79F; background: #FCFFCD; padding: 10px; text-align: right; filter:alpha(opacity=90); -moz-opacity:.90; opacity:.90; float: right;&quot;&gt;
&lt;small&gt;This article is in need of additional information.&lt;br&gt;
If you feel you have something to contribute, please email the editor at [mailto:mndawson@ucdavis.edu mndawson@ucdavis.edu]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>292</id>
      <parentid>291</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T22:30:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="379">&lt;div style=&quot;border: 3px solid #FFE79F; background: #FCFFCD; padding: 10px; text-align: right; filter:alpha(opacity=90); -moz-opacity:.90; opacity:.90; float: right; margin: 7px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;small&gt;This article is in need of additional information.&lt;br&gt;
If you feel you have something to contribute, please email the editor at [mailto:mndawson@ucdavis.edu mndawson@ucdavis.edu]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Test</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>41</id>
    <revision>
      <id>228</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T18:51:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;div class=&quot;noprint&quot; style=&quot;float:right; border:1px solid blue;width:200px;background-color:#fff;padding:3px;&quot;&gt; [[Image:Example.jpg|left|80px|Example sunflower image]] '''A little thank yo...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="352">&lt;div class=&quot;noprint&quot; style=&quot;float:right; border:1px solid blue;width:200px;background-color:#fff;padding:3px;&quot;&gt;
[[Image:Example.jpg|left|80px|Example sunflower image]] '''A little thank you...''' &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;for {{{1}}}. &lt;br /&gt;hugs, {{{2}}}&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Languages|Template:test}}
[[Category:Template examples|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>231</id>
      <parentid>228</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T18:54:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="256">&lt;div class=&quot;noprint&quot; style=&quot;float:right; border:1px solid blue;width:200px;background-color:#fff;padding:3px;&quot;&gt;
[[Image:Example.jpg|left|80px|Example sunflower image]] '''A little thank you...''' &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;for {{{1}}}. &lt;br /&gt;hugs, {{{2}}}&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>232</id>
      <parentid>231</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T18:54:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="240">&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; border:1px solid blue;width:200px;background-color:#fff;padding:3px;&quot;&gt;
[[Image:Example.jpg|left|80px|Example sunflower image]] '''A little thank you...''' &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;for {{{1}}}. &lt;br /&gt;hugs, {{{2}}}&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>233</id>
      <parentid>232</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T18:54:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="230">&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; border:1px solid blue; background-color:#fff; padding:3px;&quot;&gt;
[[Image:Example.jpg|left|80px|Example sunflower image]] '''A little thank you...''' &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;for {{{1}}}. &lt;br /&gt;hugs, {{{2}}}&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>234</id>
      <parentid>233</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T18:56:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="174">&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; border:1px solid blue; background-color:#fff; padding:3px;&quot;&gt;
'''{{PAGENAME}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
Class: {{{1}}}&lt;br /&gt;
Genus:{{{2}}}&lt;br /&gt;
Species:{{{3}}}
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>236</id>
      <parentid>234</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T18:58:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="196">&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; border:1px solid blue; background-color:#ddddff; padding:7px;&quot;&gt;
'''{{PAGENAME}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;small&gt;
Class: {{{1}}}&lt;br /&gt;
Genus: {{{2}}}&lt;br /&gt;
Species: {{{3}}}
&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>237</id>
      <parentid>236</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T18:59:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="214">&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; border:1px solid blue; background-color:#ddddff; padding:7px;&quot;&gt;
'''{{PAGENAME}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;small&gt;
'''Class:''' {{{1}}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Genus:''' {{{2}}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Species:''' {{{3}}}
&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>238</id>
      <parentid>237</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T18:59:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="213">&lt;div style=&quot;float:left; border:1px solid blue; background-color:#ddddff; padding:7px;&quot;&gt;
'''{{PAGENAME}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;small&gt;
'''Class:''' {{{1}}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Genus:''' {{{2}}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Species:''' {{{3}}}
&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>240</id>
      <parentid>238</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T19:01:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="226">&lt;div style=&quot;float:left; border:1px solid blue; background-color:#ddddff; padding:7px; margin:10px;&quot;&gt;
'''{{PAGENAME}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;small&gt;
'''Class:''' {{{1}}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Genus:''' {{{2}}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Species:''' {{{3}}}
&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>241</id>
      <parentid>240</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T19:28:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dmancini</username>
        <id>2</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="225">&lt;div style=&quot;float:left; border:1px solid blue; background-color:#ddddff; padding:7px; margin:10px;&quot;&gt;'''{{PAGENAME}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;small&gt;
'''Class:''' {{{1}}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Genus:''' {{{2}}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Species:''' {{{3}}}
&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>349</id>
      <parentid>241</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-22T18:09:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Botadmin</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="225">&lt;div style=&quot;float:left; border:1px solid blue; background-color:#ddddff; padding:7px; margin:10px;&quot;&gt;'''{{PAGENAME}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;small&gt;
'''Order:''' {{{1}}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Genus:''' {{{2}}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Species:''' {{{3}}}
&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Help:Contents</title>
    <ns>12</ns>
    <id>55</id>
    <revision>
      <id>366</id>
      <timestamp>2008-09-15T20:01:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: == Text formatting markup ==  {| align=&quot;center&quot; {{Prettytable}} |- |'''Description''' |'''You type'''	 |'''You get''' |- | colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''applies anywhere'' |- |Italic text...</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="4268">== Text formatting markup ==

{| align=&quot;center&quot; {{Prettytable}}
|-
|'''Description'''
|'''You type'''	
|'''You get'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''applies anywhere''
|-
|Italic text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;''italic''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|''italic''
|-
| Bold text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''bold'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''bold'''
|-
| Bold and italic
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''''bold &amp; italic'''''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''''bold &amp; italic'''''
|-
|Escape wiki markup
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;no &quot;markup&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;no ''markup''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
|Fixed width text
|
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''only at the beginning of the line''
|-
| Indent text
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:Single indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;::Double indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:::::Multiple indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
:Single indent
::Double indent
:::::Multiple indent
|-
|Headings of&lt;br /&gt;
different levels &lt;ref&gt;An article with four or more headings will automatically create a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Section#Table_of_contents_.28TOC.29 table of contents].&lt;/ref&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=level 1=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Use of a level 1 heading is '''''highly discouraged''''' as it appears with the same formatting and size as the page title, which can be confusing.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;==level 2==&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;===level 3===&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;====level 4====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=====level 5=====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;======level 6======&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!-- little hack to prevent TOC viewing --&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 188%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 150%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 132%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:[[[http://www.example.com link title]]#Redirect [[—[[Category:]]]]]}}&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 86%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 80%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
|-
|Horizontal rule
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;----&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
----
|-
|Bullet list
|
&amp;#42; one&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; two&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; three&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and one-third&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and two-thirds&lt;br&gt;
|
* one
* two
* three
** three and one-third
** three and two-thirds
|-
|Numbered list
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;spanning several lines&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;without breaking the numbering&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; three&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two&lt;br&gt;spanning several lines&lt;br&gt;without breaking the numbering
# three
## three point one
## three point two
|-
| Mixture of bulleted&lt;br /&gt; and numbered lists
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two
#* two point one
#* two point two
|-
|Definition list
|
&amp;#59;Definition&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 1&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 2&lt;br /&gt;
|
;Definition
:item 1
:item 2
|-
|Preformatted text
|
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;preformatted text is done with&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;a space at the&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;beginning of the line&lt;br /&gt;
|
 preformatted text is done with
 a space at the 
 beginning of the line
|-
|Preformatted text with no indentation
|
&amp;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pre&gt; some preformatted text with no indentation &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;pre&gt;
some preformatted
text with no indentation
&lt;/pre&gt;
|-
|Blockquotes
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text

|-
|Comment
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;|}</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>367</id>
      <parentid>366</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-09-15T20:23:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="7488">== Text formatting markup ==

{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
|'''Description'''
|'''You type'''	
|'''You get'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''applies anywhere''
|-
|Italic text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;''italic''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|''italic''
|-
| Bold text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''bold'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''bold'''
|-
| Bold and italic
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''''bold &amp; italic'''''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''''bold &amp; italic'''''
|-
|Escape wiki markup
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;no &quot;markup&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;no ''markup''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
|Fixed width text
|
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''only at the beginning of the line''
|-
| Indent text
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:Single indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;::Double indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:::::Multiple indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
:Single indent
::Double indent
:::::Multiple indent
|-
|Headings of&lt;br /&gt;
different levels &lt;ref&gt;An article with four or more headings will automatically create a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Section#Table_of_contents_.28TOC.29 table of contents].&lt;/ref&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=level 1=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Use of a level 1 heading is '''''highly discouraged''''' as it appears with the same formatting and size as the page title, which can be confusing.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;==level 2==&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;===level 3===&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;====level 4====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=====level 5=====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;======level 6======&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!-- little hack to prevent TOC viewing --&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 188%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 150%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 132%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:[[[http://www.example.com link title]]#Redirect [[—[[Category:]]]]]}}&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 86%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 80%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
|-
|Horizontal rule
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;----&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
----
|-
|Bullet list
|
&amp;#42; one&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; two&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; three&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and one-third&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and two-thirds&lt;br&gt;
|
* one
* two
* three
** three and one-third
** three and two-thirds
|-
|Numbered list
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;spanning several lines&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;without breaking the numbering&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; three&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two&lt;br&gt;spanning several lines&lt;br&gt;without breaking the numbering
# three
## three point one
## three point two
|-
| Mixture of bulleted&lt;br /&gt; and numbered lists
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two
#* two point one
#* two point two
|-
|Definition list
|
&amp;#59;Definition&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 1&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 2&lt;br /&gt;
|
;Definition
:item 1
:item 2
|-
|Preformatted text
|
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;preformatted text is done with&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;a space at the&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;beginning of the line&lt;br /&gt;
|
 preformatted text is done with
 a space at the 
 beginning of the line
|-
|Preformatted text with no indentation
|
&amp;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pre&gt; some preformatted text with no indentation &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;pre&gt;
some preformatted
text with no indentation
&lt;/pre&gt;
|-
|Blockquotes
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text

|-
|Comment
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;|}

== Image Syntax ==
The full syntax for displaying an image is:
 &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:{name}|{options}]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Where options can be zero or more of the following, separated by pipes:
*&lt;code&gt;thumb&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;thumbnail&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;frame&lt;/code&gt;: Controls how the image is formatted
*&lt;code&gt;left&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;right&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;center&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;none&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;baseline&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;sub&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;super&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;middle&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;bottom&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-bottom&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the vertical alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;{width}px&lt;/code&gt;: Resizes the image to the given width in pixels
*&lt;code&gt;{caption text}&lt;/code&gt;: Must not end with &quot;px&quot;
* Special cases:
** &lt;code&gt;page=1&lt;/code&gt;: displays the specified page when showing a djvu file.

The options can be given in any order. If a given option does not match any of the other possibilities, it is assumed to be the caption text. Caption text can contain wiki links or other formatting.

See also: [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Images|Mediawiki Help:Images]

== Wiki table markup summary ==

{|cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;600&quot;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;{|&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table start'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|+&lt;/nowiki&gt; || table '''caption,''' ''optional;'' only between '''table start''' and first '''table row'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|-&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table row,''' ''optional on first row'' -- wiki engine assumes the first row
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;!&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table header''' cell, ''optional.'' Consecutive '''table header''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (!!) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (!).
|- 
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table data''' cell, ''required!'' Consecutive '''table data''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;||&lt;/nowiki&gt;) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;).
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table end'''
|}
*The above marks must '''start on a new line''' except the double || and !! for optionally adding consecutive cells to a line.
*'''XHTML attributes.''' Each mark, except table end, optionally accepts one or more XHTML attributes. Attributes must be on the same line as the mark. Separate attributes from each other with a single space. 
**Cells and caption (&lt;nowiki&gt;| or ||, ! or !!, and |+&lt;/nowiki&gt;) hold content. So separate any attributes from content with a single pipe (|). Cell content may follow on same line or on following lines.
**Table and row marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;{| and |-&lt;/nowiki&gt;) do not directly hold content. Do ''not'' add pipe (|) after their optional attributes. If you erroneously add a pipe after attributes for the table mark or row mark the parser will delete it ''and'' your final attribute if it was touching the erroneous pipe!
*'''Content''' may (a) follow its cell mark on the same line after any optional XHTML attributes or (b) on lines below the cell mark. Content that uses wiki markup that itself needs to start on a new line, such as lists, headers, or nested tables, must of course be on its own new line.

See also: [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Tables|Mediawiki Help:Tables]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>368</id>
      <parentid>367</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-09-15T20:28:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="10187">== How to link ==
{|
|-
||'''Description'''
||'''You type'''	
||'''You get'''
|-
|Internal link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page]]
|-
|Piped link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page|different text]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page|different text]]
|-
|External link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;http://mediawiki.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|http://mediawiki.org
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
different title
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
numbered
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org]
|-
|Anchor link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[#See also]]
|-
|Anchor link at another page
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Help:Images#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Help:Images#See also]]
|-
|Category link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:Category:Help]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[:Category:Help]]
|-
|Internal link to image file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.jpg]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.jpg]]
|-
|Internal link to pdf file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.pdf]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.pdf]]
|-
|Interwiki link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]
|-
|mailto link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[mailto:info@example.org email me]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[mailto:info@example.org email me]
|-
|redirect
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#REDIRECT [[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
| &amp;rarr; [[Main Page]]
|}

=== More advanced ===

{| {{Prettytable}}
|-
|{{Hl3}}|'''Description'''
|{{Hl3}}|'''You type'''	
|{{Hl3}}|'''You get'''
|-
|Piped link,&lt;br /&gt;
different title
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page|&lt;span title=&quot;different title&quot;&gt;different text&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page|&lt;span title=&quot;different title&quot;&gt;different text&lt;/span&gt;]]
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
same host unnamed
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://{{SERVERNAME}}/pagename]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://{{SERVERNAME}}/pagename]
|-
|mailto named with subject line and body
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[mailto:info@example.org?Subject=URL%20Encoded%20Subject&amp;body=Body%20Text info]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[mailto:info@example.org?Subject=URL%20Encoded%20Subject&amp;body=Body%20Text info]
|}


----

{{admin tip|tip=
Which protocols (like http:) are allowed for links is controlled by the [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:%24wgUrlProtocols $wgUrlProtocols]&lt;!-- deliberate use of http url, these pages get exported. Should these admin tips even be here? This is supposed to be end user help is it not? --&gt; setting. 
}}

{{admin tip|tip=
To remove the 'external link image' from next to each of the external links, add the following to the page located at &lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:Monobook.css&lt;/code&gt; on your wiki.

&lt;pre&gt;
#bodyContent a.external,
#bodyContent a[href ^=&quot;gopher://&quot;] {
        background: none;
        padding-right: 0;
}
&lt;/pre&gt;
}}

== Text formatting markup ==

{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
|'''Description'''
|'''You type'''	
|'''You get'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''applies anywhere''
|-
|Italic text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;''italic''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|''italic''
|-
| Bold text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''bold'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''bold'''
|-
| Bold and italic
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''''bold &amp; italic'''''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''''bold &amp; italic'''''
|-
|Escape wiki markup
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;no &quot;markup&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;no ''markup''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
|Fixed width text
|
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''only at the beginning of the line''
|-
| Indent text
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:Single indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;::Double indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:::::Multiple indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
:Single indent
::Double indent
:::::Multiple indent
|-
|Headings of&lt;br /&gt;
different levels &lt;ref&gt;An article with four or more headings will automatically create a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Section#Table_of_contents_.28TOC.29 table of contents].&lt;/ref&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=level 1=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Use of a level 1 heading is '''''highly discouraged''''' as it appears with the same formatting and size as the page title, which can be confusing.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;==level 2==&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;===level 3===&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;====level 4====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=====level 5=====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;======level 6======&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!-- little hack to prevent TOC viewing --&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 188%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 150%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 132%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:[[[http://www.example.com link title]]#Redirect [[—[[Category:]]]]]}}&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 86%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 80%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
|-
|Horizontal rule
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;----&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
----
|-
|Bullet list
|
&amp;#42; one&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; two&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; three&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and one-third&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and two-thirds&lt;br&gt;
|
* one
* two
* three
** three and one-third
** three and two-thirds
|-
|Numbered list
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;spanning several lines&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;without breaking the numbering&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; three&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two&lt;br&gt;spanning several lines&lt;br&gt;without breaking the numbering
# three
## three point one
## three point two
|-
| Mixture of bulleted&lt;br /&gt; and numbered lists
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two
#* two point one
#* two point two
|-
|Definition list
|
&amp;#59;Definition&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 1&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 2&lt;br /&gt;
|
;Definition
:item 1
:item 2
|-
|Preformatted text
|
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;preformatted text is done with&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;a space at the&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;beginning of the line&lt;br /&gt;
|
 preformatted text is done with
 a space at the 
 beginning of the line
|-
|Preformatted text with no indentation
|
&amp;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pre&gt; some preformatted text with no indentation &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;pre&gt;
some preformatted
text with no indentation
&lt;/pre&gt;
|-
|Blockquotes
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text

|-
|Comment
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;|}

== Image Syntax ==
The full syntax for displaying an image is:
 &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:{name}|{options}]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Where options can be zero or more of the following, separated by pipes:
*&lt;code&gt;thumb&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;thumbnail&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;frame&lt;/code&gt;: Controls how the image is formatted
*&lt;code&gt;left&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;right&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;center&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;none&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;baseline&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;sub&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;super&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;middle&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;bottom&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-bottom&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the vertical alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;{width}px&lt;/code&gt;: Resizes the image to the given width in pixels
*&lt;code&gt;{caption text}&lt;/code&gt;: Must not end with &quot;px&quot;
* Special cases:
** &lt;code&gt;page=1&lt;/code&gt;: displays the specified page when showing a djvu file.

The options can be given in any order. If a given option does not match any of the other possibilities, it is assumed to be the caption text. Caption text can contain wiki links or other formatting.

See also: [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Images|Mediawiki Help:Images]

== Wiki table markup summary ==

{|cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;600&quot;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;{|&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table start'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|+&lt;/nowiki&gt; || table '''caption,''' ''optional;'' only between '''table start''' and first '''table row'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|-&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table row,''' ''optional on first row'' -- wiki engine assumes the first row
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;!&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table header''' cell, ''optional.'' Consecutive '''table header''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (!!) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (!).
|- 
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table data''' cell, ''required!'' Consecutive '''table data''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;||&lt;/nowiki&gt;) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;).
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table end'''
|}
*The above marks must '''start on a new line''' except the double || and !! for optionally adding consecutive cells to a line.
*'''XHTML attributes.''' Each mark, except table end, optionally accepts one or more XHTML attributes. Attributes must be on the same line as the mark. Separate attributes from each other with a single space. 
**Cells and caption (&lt;nowiki&gt;| or ||, ! or !!, and |+&lt;/nowiki&gt;) hold content. So separate any attributes from content with a single pipe (|). Cell content may follow on same line or on following lines.
**Table and row marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;{| and |-&lt;/nowiki&gt;) do not directly hold content. Do ''not'' add pipe (|) after their optional attributes. If you erroneously add a pipe after attributes for the table mark or row mark the parser will delete it ''and'' your final attribute if it was touching the erroneous pipe!
*'''Content''' may (a) follow its cell mark on the same line after any optional XHTML attributes or (b) on lines below the cell mark. Content that uses wiki markup that itself needs to start on a new line, such as lists, headers, or nested tables, must of course be on its own new line.

See also: [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Tables|Mediawiki Help:Tables]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>369</id>
      <parentid>368</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-09-15T20:29:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* More advanced */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8848">== How to link ==
{|
|-
||'''Description'''
||'''You type'''	
||'''You get'''
|-
|Internal link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page]]
|-
|Piped link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page|different text]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page|different text]]
|-
|External link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;http://mediawiki.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|http://mediawiki.org
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
different title
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
numbered
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org]
|-
|Anchor link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[#See also]]
|-
|Anchor link at another page
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Help:Images#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Help:Images#See also]]
|-
|Category link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:Category:Help]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[:Category:Help]]
|-
|Internal link to image file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.jpg]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.jpg]]
|-
|Internal link to pdf file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.pdf]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.pdf]]
|-
|Interwiki link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]
|-
|mailto link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[mailto:info@example.org email me]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[mailto:info@example.org email me]
|-
|redirect
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#REDIRECT [[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
| &amp;rarr; [[Main Page]]
|}



== Text formatting markup ==

{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
|'''Description'''
|'''You type'''	
|'''You get'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''applies anywhere''
|-
|Italic text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;''italic''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|''italic''
|-
| Bold text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''bold'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''bold'''
|-
| Bold and italic
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''''bold &amp; italic'''''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''''bold &amp; italic'''''
|-
|Escape wiki markup
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;no &quot;markup&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;no ''markup''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
|Fixed width text
|
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''only at the beginning of the line''
|-
| Indent text
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:Single indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;::Double indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:::::Multiple indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
:Single indent
::Double indent
:::::Multiple indent
|-
|Headings of&lt;br /&gt;
different levels &lt;ref&gt;An article with four or more headings will automatically create a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Section#Table_of_contents_.28TOC.29 table of contents].&lt;/ref&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=level 1=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Use of a level 1 heading is '''''highly discouraged''''' as it appears with the same formatting and size as the page title, which can be confusing.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;==level 2==&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;===level 3===&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;====level 4====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=====level 5=====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;======level 6======&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!-- little hack to prevent TOC viewing --&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 188%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 150%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 132%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:[[[http://www.example.com link title]]#Redirect [[—[[Category:]]]]]}}&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 86%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 80%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
|-
|Horizontal rule
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;----&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
----
|-
|Bullet list
|
&amp;#42; one&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; two&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; three&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and one-third&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and two-thirds&lt;br&gt;
|
* one
* two
* three
** three and one-third
** three and two-thirds
|-
|Numbered list
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;spanning several lines&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;without breaking the numbering&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; three&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two&lt;br&gt;spanning several lines&lt;br&gt;without breaking the numbering
# three
## three point one
## three point two
|-
| Mixture of bulleted&lt;br /&gt; and numbered lists
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two
#* two point one
#* two point two
|-
|Definition list
|
&amp;#59;Definition&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 1&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 2&lt;br /&gt;
|
;Definition
:item 1
:item 2
|-
|Preformatted text
|
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;preformatted text is done with&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;a space at the&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;beginning of the line&lt;br /&gt;
|
 preformatted text is done with
 a space at the 
 beginning of the line
|-
|Preformatted text with no indentation
|
&amp;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pre&gt; some preformatted text with no indentation &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;pre&gt;
some preformatted
text with no indentation
&lt;/pre&gt;
|-
|Blockquotes
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text

|-
|Comment
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;|}

== Image Syntax ==
The full syntax for displaying an image is:
 &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:{name}|{options}]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Where options can be zero or more of the following, separated by pipes:
*&lt;code&gt;thumb&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;thumbnail&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;frame&lt;/code&gt;: Controls how the image is formatted
*&lt;code&gt;left&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;right&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;center&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;none&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;baseline&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;sub&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;super&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;middle&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;bottom&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-bottom&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the vertical alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;{width}px&lt;/code&gt;: Resizes the image to the given width in pixels
*&lt;code&gt;{caption text}&lt;/code&gt;: Must not end with &quot;px&quot;
* Special cases:
** &lt;code&gt;page=1&lt;/code&gt;: displays the specified page when showing a djvu file.

The options can be given in any order. If a given option does not match any of the other possibilities, it is assumed to be the caption text. Caption text can contain wiki links or other formatting.

See also: [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Images|Mediawiki Help:Images]

== Wiki table markup summary ==

{|cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;600&quot;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;{|&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table start'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|+&lt;/nowiki&gt; || table '''caption,''' ''optional;'' only between '''table start''' and first '''table row'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|-&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table row,''' ''optional on first row'' -- wiki engine assumes the first row
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;!&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table header''' cell, ''optional.'' Consecutive '''table header''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (!!) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (!).
|- 
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table data''' cell, ''required!'' Consecutive '''table data''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;||&lt;/nowiki&gt;) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;).
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table end'''
|}
*The above marks must '''start on a new line''' except the double || and !! for optionally adding consecutive cells to a line.
*'''XHTML attributes.''' Each mark, except table end, optionally accepts one or more XHTML attributes. Attributes must be on the same line as the mark. Separate attributes from each other with a single space. 
**Cells and caption (&lt;nowiki&gt;| or ||, ! or !!, and |+&lt;/nowiki&gt;) hold content. So separate any attributes from content with a single pipe (|). Cell content may follow on same line or on following lines.
**Table and row marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;{| and |-&lt;/nowiki&gt;) do not directly hold content. Do ''not'' add pipe (|) after their optional attributes. If you erroneously add a pipe after attributes for the table mark or row mark the parser will delete it ''and'' your final attribute if it was touching the erroneous pipe!
*'''Content''' may (a) follow its cell mark on the same line after any optional XHTML attributes or (b) on lines below the cell mark. Content that uses wiki markup that itself needs to start on a new line, such as lists, headers, or nested tables, must of course be on its own new line.

See also: [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Tables|Mediawiki Help:Tables]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>381</id>
      <parentid>369</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-01-28T17:20:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8808">== How to link ==
{|
|-
||'''Description'''
||'''You type'''	
||'''You get'''
|-
|Internal link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page]]
|-
|Piped link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page|different text]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page|different text]]
|-
|External link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;http://mediawiki.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|http://mediawiki.org
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
different title
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
numbered
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org]
|-
|Anchor link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[#See also]]
|-
|Anchor link at another page
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Help:Images#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Help:Images#See also]]
|-
|Category link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:Category:Help]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[:Category:Help]]
|-
|Internal link to image file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.jpg]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.jpg]]
|-
|Internal link to pdf file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.pdf]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.pdf]]
|-
|Interwiki link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]
|-
|mailto link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[mailto:info@example.org email me]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[mailto:info@example.org email me]
|-
|redirect
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#REDIRECT [[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
| &amp;rarr; [[Main Page]]
|}



== Text formatting markup ==

{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
|'''Description'''
|'''You type'''	
|'''You get'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''applies anywhere''
|-
|Italic text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;''italic''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|''italic''
|-
| Bold text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''bold'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''bold'''
|-
| Bold and italic
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''''bold &amp; italic'''''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''''bold &amp; italic'''''
|-
|Escape wiki markup
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;no &quot;markup&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;no ''markup''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
|Fixed width text
|
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''only at the beginning of the line''
|-
| Indent text
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:Single indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;::Double indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:::::Multiple indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
:Single indent
::Double indent
:::::Multiple indent
|-
|Headings of&lt;br /&gt;
different levels &lt;ref&gt;An article with four or more headings will automatically create a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Section#Table_of_contents_.28TOC.29 table of contents].&lt;/ref&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=level 1=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Use of a level 1 heading is '''''highly discouraged''''' as it appears with the same formatting and size as the page title, which can be confusing.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;==level 2==&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;===level 3===&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;====level 4====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=====level 5=====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;======level 6======&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!-- little hack to prevent TOC viewing --&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 188%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 150%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 132%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:[[[http://www.example.com link title]]#Redirect [[—[[Category:]]]]]}}&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 86%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 80%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
|-
|Horizontal rule
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;----&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
----
|-
|Bullet list
|
&amp;#42; one&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; two&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; three&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and one-third&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and two-thirds&lt;br&gt;
|
* one
* two
* three
** three and one-third
** three and two-thirds
|-
|Numbered list
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;spanning several lines&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;without breaking the numbering&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; three&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two&lt;br&gt;spanning several lines&lt;br&gt;without breaking the numbering
# three
## three point one
## three point two
|-
| Mixture of bulleted&lt;br /&gt; and numbered lists
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two
#* two point one
#* two point two
|-
|Definition list
|
&amp;#59;Definition&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 1&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 2&lt;br /&gt;
|
;Definition
:item 1
:item 2
|-
|Preformatted text
|
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;preformatted text is done with&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;a space at the&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;beginning of the line&lt;br /&gt;
|
 preformatted text is done with
 a space at the 
 beginning of the line
|-
|Preformatted text with no indentation
|
&amp;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pre&gt; some preformatted text with no indentation &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;pre&gt;
some preformatted
text with no indentation
&lt;/pre&gt;
|-
|Blockquotes
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text

|-
|Comment
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;|}

== Image Syntax ==
The full syntax for displaying an image is:
 &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:{name}|{options}]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Where options can be zero or more of the following, separated by pipes:
*&lt;code&gt;thumb&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;thumbnail&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;frame&lt;/code&gt;: Controls how the image is formatted
*&lt;code&gt;left&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;right&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;center&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;none&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;baseline&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;sub&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;super&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;middle&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;bottom&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-bottom&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the vertical alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;{width}px&lt;/code&gt;: Resizes the image to the given width in pixels
*&lt;code&gt;{caption text}&lt;/code&gt;: Must not end with &quot;px&quot;
* Special cases:
** &lt;code&gt;page=1&lt;/code&gt;: displays the specified page when showing a djvu file.

The options can be given in any order. If a given option does not match any of the other possibilities, it is assumed to be the caption text. Caption text can contain wiki links or other formatting.

See also: [[Mediawiki:Help:Images]]

== Wiki table markup summary ==

{|cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;600&quot;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;{|&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table start'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|+&lt;/nowiki&gt; || table '''caption,''' ''optional;'' only between '''table start''' and first '''table row'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|-&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table row,''' ''optional on first row'' -- wiki engine assumes the first row
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;!&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table header''' cell, ''optional.'' Consecutive '''table header''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (!!) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (!).
|- 
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table data''' cell, ''required!'' Consecutive '''table data''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;||&lt;/nowiki&gt;) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;).
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table end'''
|}
*The above marks must '''start on a new line''' except the double || and !! for optionally adding consecutive cells to a line.
*'''XHTML attributes.''' Each mark, except table end, optionally accepts one or more XHTML attributes. Attributes must be on the same line as the mark. Separate attributes from each other with a single space. 
**Cells and caption (&lt;nowiki&gt;| or ||, ! or !!, and |+&lt;/nowiki&gt;) hold content. So separate any attributes from content with a single pipe (|). Cell content may follow on same line or on following lines.
**Table and row marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;{| and |-&lt;/nowiki&gt;) do not directly hold content. Do ''not'' add pipe (|) after their optional attributes. If you erroneously add a pipe after attributes for the table mark or row mark the parser will delete it ''and'' your final attribute if it was touching the erroneous pipe!
*'''Content''' may (a) follow its cell mark on the same line after any optional XHTML attributes or (b) on lines below the cell mark. Content that uses wiki markup that itself needs to start on a new line, such as lists, headers, or nested tables, must of course be on its own new line.

See also: [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Tables|Mediawiki Help:Tables]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>382</id>
      <parentid>381</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-01-28T17:20:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8806">== How to link ==
{|
|-
||'''Description'''
||'''You type'''	
||'''You get'''
|-
|Internal link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page]]
|-
|Piped link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page|different text]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page|different text]]
|-
|External link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;http://mediawiki.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|http://mediawiki.org
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
different title
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
numbered
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org]
|-
|Anchor link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[#See also]]
|-
|Anchor link at another page
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Help:Images#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Help:Images#See also]]
|-
|Category link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:Category:Help]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[:Category:Help]]
|-
|Internal link to image file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.jpg]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.jpg]]
|-
|Internal link to pdf file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.pdf]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.pdf]]
|-
|Interwiki link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]
|-
|mailto link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[mailto:info@example.org email me]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[mailto:info@example.org email me]
|-
|redirect
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#REDIRECT [[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
| &amp;rarr; [[Main Page]]
|}



== Text formatting markup ==

{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
|'''Description'''
|'''You type'''	
|'''You get'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''applies anywhere''
|-
|Italic text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;''italic''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|''italic''
|-
| Bold text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''bold'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''bold'''
|-
| Bold and italic
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''''bold &amp; italic'''''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''''bold &amp; italic'''''
|-
|Escape wiki markup
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;no &quot;markup&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;no ''markup''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
|Fixed width text
|
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''only at the beginning of the line''
|-
| Indent text
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:Single indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;::Double indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:::::Multiple indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
:Single indent
::Double indent
:::::Multiple indent
|-
|Headings of&lt;br /&gt;
different levels &lt;ref&gt;An article with four or more headings will automatically create a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Section#Table_of_contents_.28TOC.29 table of contents].&lt;/ref&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=level 1=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Use of a level 1 heading is '''''highly discouraged''''' as it appears with the same formatting and size as the page title, which can be confusing.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;==level 2==&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;===level 3===&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;====level 4====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=====level 5=====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;======level 6======&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!-- little hack to prevent TOC viewing --&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 188%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 150%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 132%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:[[[http://www.example.com link title]]#Redirect [[—[[Category:]]]]]}}&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 86%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 80%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
|-
|Horizontal rule
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;----&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
----
|-
|Bullet list
|
&amp;#42; one&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; two&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; three&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and one-third&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and two-thirds&lt;br&gt;
|
* one
* two
* three
** three and one-third
** three and two-thirds
|-
|Numbered list
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;spanning several lines&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;without breaking the numbering&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; three&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two&lt;br&gt;spanning several lines&lt;br&gt;without breaking the numbering
# three
## three point one
## three point two
|-
| Mixture of bulleted&lt;br /&gt; and numbered lists
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two
#* two point one
#* two point two
|-
|Definition list
|
&amp;#59;Definition&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 1&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 2&lt;br /&gt;
|
;Definition
:item 1
:item 2
|-
|Preformatted text
|
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;preformatted text is done with&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;a space at the&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;beginning of the line&lt;br /&gt;
|
 preformatted text is done with
 a space at the 
 beginning of the line
|-
|Preformatted text with no indentation
|
&amp;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pre&gt; some preformatted text with no indentation &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;pre&gt;
some preformatted
text with no indentation
&lt;/pre&gt;
|-
|Blockquotes
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text

|-
|Comment
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;|}

== Image Syntax ==
The full syntax for displaying an image is:
 &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:{name}|{options}]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Where options can be zero or more of the following, separated by pipes:
*&lt;code&gt;thumb&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;thumbnail&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;frame&lt;/code&gt;: Controls how the image is formatted
*&lt;code&gt;left&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;right&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;center&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;none&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;baseline&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;sub&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;super&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;middle&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;bottom&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-bottom&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the vertical alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;{width}px&lt;/code&gt;: Resizes the image to the given width in pixels
*&lt;code&gt;{caption text}&lt;/code&gt;: Must not end with &quot;px&quot;
* Special cases:
** &lt;code&gt;page=1&lt;/code&gt;: displays the specified page when showing a djvu file.

The options can be given in any order. If a given option does not match any of the other possibilities, it is assumed to be the caption text. Caption text can contain wiki links or other formatting.

See also: [[Wikipedia:Mediawiki]]

== Wiki table markup summary ==

{|cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;600&quot;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;{|&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table start'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|+&lt;/nowiki&gt; || table '''caption,''' ''optional;'' only between '''table start''' and first '''table row'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|-&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table row,''' ''optional on first row'' -- wiki engine assumes the first row
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;!&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table header''' cell, ''optional.'' Consecutive '''table header''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (!!) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (!).
|- 
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table data''' cell, ''required!'' Consecutive '''table data''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;||&lt;/nowiki&gt;) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;).
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table end'''
|}
*The above marks must '''start on a new line''' except the double || and !! for optionally adding consecutive cells to a line.
*'''XHTML attributes.''' Each mark, except table end, optionally accepts one or more XHTML attributes. Attributes must be on the same line as the mark. Separate attributes from each other with a single space. 
**Cells and caption (&lt;nowiki&gt;| or ||, ! or !!, and |+&lt;/nowiki&gt;) hold content. So separate any attributes from content with a single pipe (|). Cell content may follow on same line or on following lines.
**Table and row marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;{| and |-&lt;/nowiki&gt;) do not directly hold content. Do ''not'' add pipe (|) after their optional attributes. If you erroneously add a pipe after attributes for the table mark or row mark the parser will delete it ''and'' your final attribute if it was touching the erroneous pipe!
*'''Content''' may (a) follow its cell mark on the same line after any optional XHTML attributes or (b) on lines below the cell mark. Content that uses wiki markup that itself needs to start on a new line, such as lists, headers, or nested tables, must of course be on its own new line.

See also: [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Tables|Mediawiki Help:Tables]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>383</id>
      <parentid>382</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-01-28T22:48:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8807">== How to link ==
{|
|-
||'''Description'''
||'''You type'''	
||'''You get'''
|-
|Internal link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page]]
|-
|Piped link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page|different text]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page|different text]]
|-
|External link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;http://mediawiki.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|http://mediawiki.org
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
different title
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
numbered
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org]
|-
|Anchor link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[#See also]]
|-
|Anchor link at another page
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Help:Images#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Help:Images#See also]]
|-
|Category link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:Category:Help]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[:Category:Help]]
|-
|Internal link to image file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.jpg]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.jpg]]
|-
|Internal link to pdf file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.pdf]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.pdf]]
|-
|Interwiki link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]
|-
|mailto link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[mailto:info@example.org email me]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[mailto:info@example.org email me]
|-
|redirect
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#REDIRECT [[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
| &amp;rarr; [[Main Page]]
|}



== Text formatting markup ==

{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
|'''Description'''
|'''You type'''	
|'''You get'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''applies anywhere''
|-
|Italic text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;''italic''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|''italic''
|-
| Bold text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''bold'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''bold'''
|-
| Bold and italic
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''''bold &amp; italic'''''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''''bold &amp; italic'''''
|-
|Escape wiki markup
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;no &quot;markup&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;no ''markup''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
|Fixed width text
|
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''only at the beginning of the line''
|-
| Indent text
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:Single indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;::Double indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:::::Multiple indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
:Single indent
::Double indent
:::::Multiple indent
|-
|Headings of&lt;br /&gt;
different levels &lt;ref&gt;An article with four or more headings will automatically create a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Section#Table_of_contents_.28TOC.29 table of contents].&lt;/ref&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=level 1=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Use of a level 1 heading is '''''highly discouraged''''' as it appears with the same formatting and size as the page title, which can be confusing.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;==level 2==&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;===level 3===&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;====level 4====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=====level 5=====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;======level 6======&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!-- little hack to prevent TOC viewing --&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 188%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 150%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 132%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:[[[http://www.example.com link title]]#Redirect [[—[[Category:]]]]]}}&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 86%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 80%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
|-
|Horizontal rule
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;----&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
----
|-
|Bullet list
|
&amp;#42; one&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; two&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; three&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and one-third&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and two-thirds&lt;br&gt;
|
* one
* two
* three
** three and one-third
** three and two-thirds
|-
|Numbered list
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;spanning several lines&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;without breaking the numbering&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; three&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two&lt;br&gt;spanning several lines&lt;br&gt;without breaking the numbering
# three
## three point one
## three point two
|-
| Mixture of bulleted&lt;br /&gt; and numbered lists
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two
#* two point one
#* two point two
|-
|Definition list
|
&amp;#59;Definition&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 1&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 2&lt;br /&gt;
|
;Definition
:item 1
:item 2
|-
|Preformatted text
|
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;preformatted text is done with&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;a space at the&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;beginning of the line&lt;br /&gt;
|
 preformatted text is done with
 a space at the 
 beginning of the line
|-
|Preformatted text with no indentation
|
&amp;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pre&gt; some preformatted text with no indentation &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;pre&gt;
some preformatted
text with no indentation
&lt;/pre&gt;
|-
|Blockquotes
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text

|-
|Comment
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;|}

== Image Syntax ==
The full syntax for displaying an image is:
 &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:{name}|{options}]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Where options can be zero or more of the following, separated by pipes:
*&lt;code&gt;thumb&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;thumbnail&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;frame&lt;/code&gt;: Controls how the image is formatted
*&lt;code&gt;left&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;right&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;center&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;none&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;baseline&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;sub&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;super&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;middle&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;bottom&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-bottom&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the vertical alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;{width}px&lt;/code&gt;: Resizes the image to the given width in pixels
*&lt;code&gt;{caption text}&lt;/code&gt;: Must not end with &quot;px&quot;
* Special cases:
** &lt;code&gt;page=1&lt;/code&gt;: displays the specified page when showing a djvu file.

The options can be given in any order. If a given option does not match any of the other possibilities, it is assumed to be the caption text. Caption text can contain wiki links or other formatting.

See also: [[Wikipedia:Mediawiki]]

== Wiki table markup summary ==

{|cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;600&quot;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;{|&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table start'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|+&lt;/nowiki&gt; || table '''caption,''' ''optional;'' only between '''table start''' and first '''table row'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|-&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table row,''' ''optional on first row'' -- wiki engine assumes the first row
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;!&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table header''' cell, ''optional.'' Consecutive '''table header''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (!!) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (!).
|- 
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table data''' cell, ''required!'' Consecutive '''table data''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;||&lt;/nowiki&gt;) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;).
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table end'''
|}
*The above marks must '''start on a new line''' except the double || and !! for optionally adding consecutive cells to a line.
*'''XHTML attributes.''' Each mark, except table end, optionally accepts one or more XHTML attributes. Attributes must be on the same line as the mark. Separate attributes from each other with a single space. 
**Cells and caption (&lt;nowiki&gt;| or ||, ! or !!, and |+&lt;/nowiki&gt;) hold content. So separate any attributes from content with a single pipe (|). Cell content may follow on same line or on following lines.
**Table and row marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;{| and |-&lt;/nowiki&gt;) do not directly hold content. Do ''not'' add pipe (|) after their optional attributes. If you erroneously add a pipe after attributes for the table mark or row mark the parser will delete it ''and'' your final attribute if it was touching the erroneous pipe!
*'''Content''' may (a) follow its cell mark on the same line after any optional XHTML attributes or (b) on lines below the cell mark. Content that uses wiki markup that itself needs to start on a new line, such as lists, headers, or nested tables, must of course be on its own new line.

See also: [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Tables| Mediawiki Help:Tables]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>384</id>
      <parentid>383</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-01-28T22:51:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8854">== How to link ==
{|
|-
||'''Description'''
||'''You type'''	
||'''You get'''
|-
|Internal link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page]]
|-
|Piped link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page|different text]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page|different text]]
|-
|External link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;http://mediawiki.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|http://mediawiki.org
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
different title
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
numbered
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org]
|-
|Anchor link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[#See also]]
|-
|Anchor link at another page
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Help:Images#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Help:Images#See also]]
|-
|Category link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:Category:Help]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[:Category:Help]]
|-
|Internal link to image file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.jpg]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.jpg]]
|-
|Internal link to pdf file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.pdf]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.pdf]]
|-
|Interwiki link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]
|-
|mailto link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[mailto:info@example.org email me]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[mailto:info@example.org email me]
|-
|redirect
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#REDIRECT [[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
| &amp;rarr; [[Main Page]]
|}



== Text formatting markup ==

{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
|'''Description'''
|'''You type'''	
|'''You get'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''applies anywhere''
|-
|Italic text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;''italic''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|''italic''
|-
| Bold text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''bold'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''bold'''
|-
| Bold and italic
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''''bold &amp; italic'''''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''''bold &amp; italic'''''
|-
|Escape wiki markup
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;no &quot;markup&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;no ''markup''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
|Fixed width text
|
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''only at the beginning of the line''
|-
| Indent text
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:Single indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;::Double indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:::::Multiple indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
:Single indent
::Double indent
:::::Multiple indent
|-
|Headings of&lt;br /&gt;
different levels &lt;ref&gt;An article with four or more headings will automatically create a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Section#Table_of_contents_.28TOC.29 table of contents].&lt;/ref&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=level 1=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Use of a level 1 heading is '''''highly discouraged''''' as it appears with the same formatting and size as the page title, which can be confusing.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;==level 2==&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;===level 3===&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;====level 4====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=====level 5=====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;======level 6======&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!-- little hack to prevent TOC viewing --&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 188%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 150%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 132%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:[[[http://www.example.com link title]]#Redirect [[—[[Category:]]]]]}}&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 86%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 80%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
|-
|Horizontal rule
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;----&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
----
|-
|Bullet list
|
&amp;#42; one&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; two&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; three&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and one-third&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and two-thirds&lt;br&gt;
|
* one
* two
* three
** three and one-third
** three and two-thirds
|-
|Numbered list
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;spanning several lines&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;without breaking the numbering&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; three&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two&lt;br&gt;spanning several lines&lt;br&gt;without breaking the numbering
# three
## three point one
## three point two
|-
| Mixture of bulleted&lt;br /&gt; and numbered lists
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two
#* two point one
#* two point two
|-
|Definition list
|
&amp;#59;Definition&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 1&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 2&lt;br /&gt;
|
;Definition
:item 1
:item 2
|-
|Preformatted text
|
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;preformatted text is done with&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;a space at the&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;beginning of the line&lt;br /&gt;
|
 preformatted text is done with
 a space at the 
 beginning of the line
|-
|Preformatted text with no indentation
|
&amp;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pre&gt; some preformatted text with no indentation &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;pre&gt;
some preformatted
text with no indentation
&lt;/pre&gt;
|-
|Blockquotes
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text

|-
|Comment
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;|}

== Image Syntax ==
The full syntax for displaying an image is:
 &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:{name}|{options}]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Where options can be zero or more of the following, separated by pipes:
*&lt;code&gt;thumb&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;thumbnail&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;frame&lt;/code&gt;: Controls how the image is formatted
*&lt;code&gt;left&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;right&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;center&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;none&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;baseline&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;sub&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;super&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;middle&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;bottom&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-bottom&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the vertical alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;{width}px&lt;/code&gt;: Resizes the image to the given width in pixels
*&lt;code&gt;{caption text}&lt;/code&gt;: Must not end with &quot;px&quot;
* Special cases:
** &lt;code&gt;page=1&lt;/code&gt;: displays the specified page when showing a djvu file.

The options can be given in any order. If a given option does not match any of the other possibilities, it is assumed to be the caption text. Caption text can contain wiki links or other formatting.

See also: [[http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Images | Mediawiki Help:Images]]

== Wiki table markup summary ==

{|cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;600&quot;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;{|&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table start'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|+&lt;/nowiki&gt; || table '''caption,''' ''optional;'' only between '''table start''' and first '''table row'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|-&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table row,''' ''optional on first row'' -- wiki engine assumes the first row
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;!&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table header''' cell, ''optional.'' Consecutive '''table header''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (!!) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (!).
|- 
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table data''' cell, ''required!'' Consecutive '''table data''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;||&lt;/nowiki&gt;) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;).
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table end'''
|}
*The above marks must '''start on a new line''' except the double || and !! for optionally adding consecutive cells to a line.
*'''XHTML attributes.''' Each mark, except table end, optionally accepts one or more XHTML attributes. Attributes must be on the same line as the mark. Separate attributes from each other with a single space. 
**Cells and caption (&lt;nowiki&gt;| or ||, ! or !!, and |+&lt;/nowiki&gt;) hold content. So separate any attributes from content with a single pipe (|). Cell content may follow on same line or on following lines.
**Table and row marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;{| and |-&lt;/nowiki&gt;) do not directly hold content. Do ''not'' add pipe (|) after their optional attributes. If you erroneously add a pipe after attributes for the table mark or row mark the parser will delete it ''and'' your final attribute if it was touching the erroneous pipe!
*'''Content''' may (a) follow its cell mark on the same line after any optional XHTML attributes or (b) on lines below the cell mark. Content that uses wiki markup that itself needs to start on a new line, such as lists, headers, or nested tables, must of course be on its own new line.

See also: [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Tables | Mediawiki Help:Tables]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>385</id>
      <parentid>384</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-01-28T22:52:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Admin</username>
        <id>1</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="8850">== How to link ==
{|
|-
||'''Description'''
||'''You type'''	
||'''You get'''
|-
|Internal link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page]]
|-
|Piped link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Main Page|different text]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Main Page|different text]]
|-
|External link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;http://mediawiki.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|http://mediawiki.org
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
different title
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]
|-
|External link,&lt;br /&gt;
numbered
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://mediawiki.org]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[http://mediawiki.org]
|-
|Anchor link 
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[#See also]]
|-
|Anchor link at another page
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Help:Images#See also]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Help:Images#See also]]
|-
|Category link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:Category:Help]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[:Category:Help]]
|-
|Internal link to image file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.jpg]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.jpg]]
|-
|Internal link to pdf file
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[media:example.pdf]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[media:example.pdf]]
|-
|Interwiki link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]
|-
|mailto link
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[mailto:info@example.org email me]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|[mailto:info@example.org email me]
|-
|redirect
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#REDIRECT [[Main Page]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
| &amp;rarr; [[Main Page]]
|}



== Text formatting markup ==

{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
|'''Description'''
|'''You type'''	
|'''You get'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''applies anywhere''
|-
|Italic text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;''italic''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|''italic''
|-
| Bold text
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''bold'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''bold'''
|-
| Bold and italic
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''''bold &amp; italic'''''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|'''''bold &amp; italic'''''
|-
|Escape wiki markup
|&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;no &quot;markup&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;no ''markup''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
|Fixed width text
|
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;Fixed width text&lt;/tt&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | ''only at the beginning of the line''
|-
| Indent text
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:Single indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;::Double indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:::::Multiple indent&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
:Single indent
::Double indent
:::::Multiple indent
|-
|Headings of&lt;br /&gt;
different levels &lt;ref&gt;An article with four or more headings will automatically create a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Section#Table_of_contents_.28TOC.29 table of contents].&lt;/ref&gt;
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=level 1=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Use of a level 1 heading is '''''highly discouraged''''' as it appears with the same formatting and size as the page title, which can be confusing.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;==level 2==&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;===level 3===&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;====level 4====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=====level 5=====&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;======level 6======&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!-- little hack to prevent TOC viewing --&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 188%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 150%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;Level 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 132%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:[[[http://www.example.com link title]]#Redirect [[—[[Category:]]]]]}}&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 86%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 80%; border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Level 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
|-
|Horizontal rule
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;----&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
----
|-
|Bullet list
|
&amp;#42; one&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; two&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42; three&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and one-third&lt;br&gt;
&amp;#42;&amp;#42; three and two-thirds&lt;br&gt;
|
* one
* two
* three
** three and one-third
** three and two-thirds
|-
|Numbered list
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;spanning several lines&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;without breaking the numbering&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; three&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#35; three point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two&lt;br&gt;spanning several lines&lt;br&gt;without breaking the numbering
# three
## three point one
## three point two
|-
| Mixture of bulleted&lt;br /&gt; and numbered lists
|
&amp;#35; one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35; two&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point one&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#35;&amp;#42; two point two&lt;br /&gt;
|
# one
# two
#* two point one
#* two point two
|-
|Definition list
|
&amp;#59;Definition&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 1&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#58;item 2&lt;br /&gt;
|
;Definition
:item 1
:item 2
|-
|Preformatted text
|
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;preformatted text is done with&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;a space at the&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;beginning of the line&lt;br /&gt;
|
 preformatted text is done with
 a space at the 
 beginning of the line
|-
|Preformatted text with no indentation
|
&amp;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pre&gt; some preformatted text with no indentation &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
&lt;pre&gt;
some preformatted
text with no indentation
&lt;/pre&gt;
|-
|Blockquotes
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text
|
Body&lt;br&gt;
text text text text text text text text text text text text
text text text text text text text text text text text text

&lt;blockquote&gt;  quote quote quote quote quote quote &lt;/blockquote&gt;

text text text text text text text text text text text text

|-
|Comment
|
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
|
&lt;!--This is comment--&gt;|}

== Image Syntax ==
The full syntax for displaying an image is:
 &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:{name}|{options}]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Where options can be zero or more of the following, separated by pipes:
*&lt;code&gt;thumb&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;thumbnail&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;frame&lt;/code&gt;: Controls how the image is formatted
*&lt;code&gt;left&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;right&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;center&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;none&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;baseline&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;sub&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;super&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-top&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;middle&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;bottom&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;text-bottom&lt;/code&gt;: Controls the vertical alignment of the image on the page
*&lt;code&gt;{width}px&lt;/code&gt;: Resizes the image to the given width in pixels
*&lt;code&gt;{caption text}&lt;/code&gt;: Must not end with &quot;px&quot;
* Special cases:
** &lt;code&gt;page=1&lt;/code&gt;: displays the specified page when showing a djvu file.

The options can be given in any order. If a given option does not match any of the other possibilities, it is assumed to be the caption text. Caption text can contain wiki links or other formatting.

See also: [[http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Images Mediawiki Help:Images]]

== Wiki table markup summary ==

{|cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;600&quot;
|&lt;nowiki&gt;{|&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table start'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|+&lt;/nowiki&gt; || table '''caption,''' ''optional;'' only between '''table start''' and first '''table row'''
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|-&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table row,''' ''optional on first row'' -- wiki engine assumes the first row
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;!&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table header''' cell, ''optional.'' Consecutive '''table header''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (!!) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (!).
|- 
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || '''table data''' cell, ''required!'' Consecutive '''table data''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;||&lt;/nowiki&gt;) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;).
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;|}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || '''table end'''
|}
*The above marks must '''start on a new line''' except the double || and !! for optionally adding consecutive cells to a line.
*'''XHTML attributes.''' Each mark, except table end, optionally accepts one or more XHTML attributes. Attributes must be on the same line as the mark. Separate attributes from each other with a single space. 
**Cells and caption (&lt;nowiki&gt;| or ||, ! or !!, and |+&lt;/nowiki&gt;) hold content. So separate any attributes from content with a single pipe (|). Cell content may follow on same line or on following lines.
**Table and row marks (&lt;nowiki&gt;{| and |-&lt;/nowiki&gt;) do not directly hold content. Do ''not'' add pipe (|) after their optional attributes. If you erroneously add a pipe after attributes for the table mark or row mark the parser will delete it ''and'' your final attribute if it was touching the erroneous pipe!
*'''Content''' may (a) follow its cell mark on the same line after any optional XHTML attributes or (b) on lines below the cell mark. Content that uses wiki markup that itself needs to start on a new line, such as lists, headers, or nested tables, must of course be on its own new line.

See also: [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Tables Mediawiki Help:Tables]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:All</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>263</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1110</id>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T07:46:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: * [[Special:Categories|View all categories]]</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="44">* [[Special:Categories|View all categories]]</text>
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    <title>Category:Anatomy</title>
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      <id>1122</id>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T07:56:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>creation</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="16">[[Category:All]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="21">[[Category:Articles]]</text>
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    <title>Category:Articles</title>
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      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:35:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
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      <comment>creation</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="16">[[Category:All]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:Behavior</title>
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      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:21:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
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      <comment>creation</comment>
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      <parentid>1163</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="21">[[Category:Articles]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Biogeography</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:10:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>creation</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1184</id>
      <parentid>1142</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:36:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="21">[[Category:Articles]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:Coronatae</title>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:47:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: [[Category:Scyphozoa]]</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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    <title>Category:Cubozoa</title>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2011-01-04T07:49:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>creation</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Cyaneidae</title>
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    <id>315</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1265</id>
      <timestamp>2011-03-09T05:24:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: [[Category:Scyphozoa]]</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="22">[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Ecology</title>
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      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:13:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>creation</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="16">[[Category:All]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
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      <parentid>1148</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:36:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="21">[[Category:Articles]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Evolution</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>1170</id>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:24:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>creation</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="16">[[Category:All]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
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      <parentid>1170</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:36:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="21">[[Category:Articles]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Identification</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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      <id>1146</id>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:12:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>creation</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="16">[[Category:All]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1187</id>
      <parentid>1146</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:36:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="21">[[Category:Articles]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Nemopilema nomurai</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>331</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1406</id>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:41:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: [[Category:Rhizostomeae]]</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="25">[[Category:Rhizostomeae]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Rhizostomeae</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>330</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1405</id>
      <timestamp>2011-06-09T23:41:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: [[Category:Scyphozoa]]</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="22">[[Category:Scyphozoa]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Scyphozoa</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>1119</id>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T07:54:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>creation</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="21">[[Category:Taxonomy]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Special Pages</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>1134</id>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:06:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="16">[[Category:All]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Staurozoa</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>272</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1160</id>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:19:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor/>
      <comment>+cat</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="21">[[Category:Taxonomy]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Taxonomy</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>264</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1111</id>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T07:46:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: [[Category:All]]</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="16">[[Category:All]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1188</id>
      <parentid>1111</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-01-04T08:36:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mithril</username>
        <id>27</id>
      </contributor>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="21">[[Category:Articles]]</text>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>
